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CS-VLA Appendix A Flight Envelope and Check Loads

This document provides guidance for determining the flight envelope and loads for an aircraft according to CS-VLA Appendix A. It includes a spreadsheet for inputting aircraft parameters and calculating key flight speeds and load factors. The spreadsheet is incomplete as it contains many "#DIV/0!" errors, indicating required data has not been provided. Charts are also included to help interpolate gust load factors (n3 and n4) based on the ratio of cruise speed to minimum cruise speed.

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KIRU SILVIU
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
371 views10 pages

CS-VLA Appendix A Flight Envelope and Check Loads

This document provides guidance for determining the flight envelope and loads for an aircraft according to CS-VLA Appendix A. It includes a spreadsheet for inputting aircraft parameters and calculating key flight speeds and load factors. The spreadsheet is incomplete as it contains many "#DIV/0!" errors, indicating required data has not been provided. Charts are also included to help interpolate gust load factors (n3 and n4) based on the ratio of cruise speed to minimum cruise speed.

Uploaded by

KIRU SILVIU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

DETERMINATION OF FLIGHT ENVELOPE AND LOADS PER CS-VLA, APPENDIX A. Issue 1.

Aircraft Type:

Date:

Applicable only to conventional monoplanes. This excludes aircraft with vee-tails, T-tails, canards, wing aspect ratios of more than 7,
tailplane aspect ratios more than 5, fin aspect ratios more than 2.5 and horizontal tail volumes less than 0.4.
Enter values in blue cells. Results will appear in yellow cells and the Vn diagram generated. Notes may appear in pink cells.
Wing area

Tailplane area including elevators

Maximum gross weight *


kg
( * See note at end of this spreadsheet)
Positive manoeuvring load factor n1 (3.8, 4.4 or 6)
g

Trim tab area

Negative manoeuvring load factor n2

Max level speed Vh at minimum flying weight

Cn trim tab
Fin area including rudder

knots

Flap area (each)

Wing loading

#DIV/0!

kg/m

Cn flap

Limit manoeuvring wing load n1W/S

#DIV/0!

kg/m

Aileron area (each)

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

knots
km/hr
knots
km/hr
knots
km/hr
knots
km/hr
knots
km/hr

but need not exceed Vc sel


=
but need not exceed 0.9Vh
=
but need not exceed
=
but need not exceed
=

Va min
=
Vc min
=
Vd min
=
Vne max based on Vd min
=
Vf min
=

(typically 0.8)

Data input
necessary
only where
checking
loads on
tailplanes,
fin and
control
surfaces is
required.

(typically 1.6)
m
0
0.0
0.00
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

knots
km/hr
knots
km/hr
knots or
0
knots
km/hr
0.0
km/hr
knots
Note: The alternative
km/hr
speed above is
based on the
alternative Vc min
based on Vh.

Va selected =
(Va sel/Va min) =

#DIV/0!
CAUTION: VALUE OF Vc SELECTED TOO LOW
#DIV/0!

(Highest of (Va sel/Va min) and (Vc sel/Vc min) )


(Multiplying factor with default to unity if value would otherwise be less than 1)

knots

#DIV/0!

knots

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

Vd selected =
Vne =

knots

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Vf selected =
(Vf sel/Vf min) =

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

Vc selected =

(Vc sel/Vc min) =


multiplying factor =
multiplying factor (not less than 1) =

knots

knots

Limit +ve manoeuvring wing load

0.0

Kg

(including 1.05 tail load factor)

(not including wing inertia relief)

Limit -ve manouevring wing load

0.0

Kg

(not including wing inertia relief)

Limit +ve wing gust load

#DIV/0!

Kg

(not including wing inertia relief)

Limit -ve wing gust load

#DIV/0!

Kg

(not including wing inertia relief)

Limit flap loading

#DIV/0!

Kg/m

(including (vf sel / vf min) )

Limit aileron loading

#DIV/0!

Kg/m

(including multiplying factor from greatest of Va / V min and Vc / V min)

Limit tailplane loading

#DIV/0!

Kg/m

(including multiplying factor from greatest of Va / V min and Vc / V min)

Limit fin loading

#DIV/0!

Kg/m

(including multiplying factor from greatest of Va / V min and Vc / V min)

Limit trim tab loading

#DIV/0!

Kg/m

(including multiplying factor from greatest of Va / V min and Vc / V min)

Limit flap load

#DIV/0!

Kg

per flap

Limit aileron load

#DIV/0!

Kg

per aileron

Limit tailplane load

#DIV/0!

Kg

including elevators

Limit fin load

#DIV/0!

Kg

including rudder

Limit trim tab load

#DIV/0!

Kg

per tab

Vc sel / Vc min = #DIV/0!


(Must not be less than 1.0)
GUST ENVELOPE POSITIVE GUST
From Figure A1 and sheets 2 and 3 of this spreadsheet, n3 =

Flight
Airspeed
Condition
Knots
Point A
0
Point C
0
Point D
0
Point E
0
Point F
0
Point G
0

Key:

Normal
Accel 'g'
0.00
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
0.00

Normal acceleration 'g'

GUST ENVELOPE NEGATIVE GUST


From Figure A2 and sheets 2 and 3 of this spreadsheet, n4 =
origin

1.00
0.90
0.80

Point A
Point C
Point D
0.60
0.70

0.50
Point E

Point F
Point G

0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00

origin

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
V-n DIAGRAM
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
#DIV/0!
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
#DIV/0!
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.1
0.2 0.00 0.3
0.4
0.5(knots)0.6
Airspeed
0
0.00

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.20
0.10
0.00
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4
0.5(knots)0.6
Airspeed

0.7

0.8

0.9

Following check carried out at Max Gross Weight, substitute Max Gross Weight value with the aircraft minimum flying weight to determine n3 and n4 gust
values at minimum flying weight, which may create the critical case for use when designing mounting structures for dead weight items.

Aircraft Type: 0
GUST LOADS EVALUATION
Date: 0
Vc/Vcmin

#DIV/0!

curve above

#DIV/0!

curve below

#DIV/0!

interpolator

#DIV/0!

This sheet performs an interpolation from the charts


on sheet 3 which are reproductions of the charts in
CS-VLA Appendix A Figures A1 and A2.

POSITIVE GUST
If curve below = 1.0, n3/n1 =
If curve below = 1.1, n3/n1 =
If curve below = 1.2, n3/n1 =
If curve below = 1.3, n3/n1 =
If curve below = 1.4, n3/n1 =
total
n3/n1 =

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

If curve above = 1.1, n3/n1 =


If curve above = 1.2, n3/n1 =
If curve above = 1.3, n3/n1 =
If curve above = 1.4, n3/n1 =
If curve above = 1.5, n3/n1 =
total

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

by interpolation between results of curve above and curve below.

NEGATIVE GUST
If curve below = 1.0, n4/n1 =
If curve below = 1.1, n4/n1 =
If curve below = 1.2, n4/n1 =
If curve below = 1.3, n4/n1 =
If curve below = 1.4, n4/n1 =
total

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

If curve above = 1.1, n4/n1 =


If curve above = 1.2, n4/n1 =
If curve above = 1.3, n4/n1 =
If curve above = 1.4, n4/n1 =
If curve above = 1.5, n4/n1 =
total

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

n4/n1 =

#DIV/0!

by interpolation between results of curve above and curve below.

Aircraft Type: 0

Date:

Chart showing n3 factor at speed Vc


2
Vc/Vcmin
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0

f(x) = 3.7596447177 x^-0.2115552122


1.8

f(x) = 3.5174087823 x^-0.2083822038

n3/n1

f(x) = 3.3131236931 x^-0.207828634


1.6
f(x) = 3.0684344936 x^-0.2049465062
Curve Vcsel/Vcmin = 1.0
1.1
f(x)
=
2.7172245706
x^-0.193543962
n1(W/S)
n3/n1
n1(W/S)
1.4
25
1.3
25
70
1.125
60
f(x) = 2.1904116427
125
1x^-0.1603913246 90
175
1.2
1.3
n1(W/S)
25
45
110
175
325

0.8
0

100

1.4
n1(W/S)
25
60
140
240
420

n3/n1
1.7
1.5
1.25
1.125
1

200

n3/n1
1.45
1.25
1.125
1

Notes:
n3/n1
This
graph is derived from data points taken from
#DIV/0! Appendix A figure A1 in order to determine
CS-VLA
#DIV/0!
the
equations (shown below) for the best-fit curves
#DIV/0!
plotted for use on sheet 2.
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Upper
curve = Vc min/Vc sel = 1.5
#DIV/0!
Lower curve = Vc min/Vc sel = 1.0

The cross shows the derivation of the value of


1.2
n3/n1 for the above aircraft.

n3/n1
1.8
1.5
1.25
1.125
1

300
n1 (W/S) kg/m

n1(W/S)
25
75
130
250

n3/n1
1.6
1.25
1.125
1

1.5
n1(W/S)
25
80
170
315
515

n3/n1
1.9
1.5
1.25
1.126
1

400

500

600

0.8
0

100

200

300
n1 (W/S) kg/m

n4/n1 (Values are -ve)

Aircraft Type: 0

400

Date:

500

600

Chart showing n4 factor for speed Vc


1.4

f(x) = 4.1181560729 x^-0.3373909083


nW/S =

#DIV/0!

Vc/Vcmin
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0

kg/m

f(x) = 3.7629468608 x^-0.3357958486

1.2

f(x) = 3.3578092703 x^-0.3327598425


f(x) = 3.1528454416 x^-0.3397040787

Lower curve = Vc min/Vc sel = 1.0

Curve Vcsel/Vcmin
1.0
f(x) == 2.6384113364
x^-0.3278364991 1.1
n1(W/S)
n4/n1
n1(W/S)
0.8
25
0.8
25
f(x) = 2.2895514652
x^-0.3234982609 50
60
0.625
105
0.5
85
150

0.6

1.3
n1(W/S)
25
40
95
160
290

0.4

0.2
0

50

100

1.4
n1(W/S)
25
55
125
220
380

n4/n1
1.125
1
0.75
0.625
0.5

150

200

Notes:
n4/n1
This graph is derived from data points taken from
#DIV/0!
CS-VLA Appendix A figure A2 in order to
#DIV/0!
determine the equations (shown below) for the
#DIV/0!
best-fit curves plotted for use on sheet 2.
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Upper curve = Vc min/Vc sel = 1.5
#DIV/0!

n4/n1
0.9
0.75
0.625
0.5

1.2 shows the derivation of the value of


The cross
n4/n1
n4/n1 forn1(W/S)
the above aircraft.

n4/n1
1.25
1
0.75
0.625
0.5

250
300
n1 (W/S) kg/m

25
70
120
220

1.05
0.75
0.625
0.500

1.5
n1(W/S)
25
45
70
165
280
475

n4/n1
1.375
1.125
1
0.75
0.625
0.5

350

400

450

500

0.2
0

50

100

150

200

250
300
n1 (W/S) kg/m

350

400

450

500

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