IIT Bombay
Computer Programming
Dr. Deepak B Phatak
Dr. Supratik Chakraborty
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
IIT Bombay
Session: Simple operations on structures
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
Quick Recap of Relevant Topics
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Brief introduction to object-oriented programming
Defining structures in C++
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
Overview of This Lecture
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Accessing members of structures
Initializing and copying structures
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
Acknowledgment
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Some examples in this lecture are from
An Introduction to Programming Through C++
by Abhiram G. Ranade
McGraw Hill Education 2014
All such examples indicated in slides with the citation
AGRBook
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
Recall: Library Information Management System
[Ref. AGRBook]
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We want to design a book check out/return/claim management
system of a small library
How does the system work?
Every patron has a numerical id
Every book has an accession number
Check out: A patron can check out upto 3 books at any time
Claim: If X has not already checked out 3 books, she can claim a book
checked out by Y
When Y returns the book, it is held for X and cannot be lent to others
Return: A patron can return a book checked out by her at any time
No late charges!
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
Recall: Structures in C++
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Structures group a set of variables/arrays of possibly different
data types together
struct Book {
char title[50];
char authors[500];
double price;
int accNum;
bool checkOutStatus;
int claimantId;
};
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
struct Patron {
char name[50];
char address[100];
int uniqueId;
int numBooksChkOut;
int claimdBookAccNum;
};
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Recall: Structures in C++
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Structures group a set of variables/arrays of possibly different
data types together
Member
of
struct Patron {
struct Book {
structure
char name[50];
char title[50];
Book
char address[100];
char authors[500];
int uniqueId;
double price;
int numBooksChkdOut;
int accNum;
Member
int claimdBookAccNum;
bool checkOutStatus; of
};
int claimantId;
structure
};
Patron
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
Recall: Structures in C++
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Variables and arrays of structure types can be declared
Book libraryShelf[1000];
Book myChoice, yourChoice;
Patron libraryPatrons[200];
Patron currentPatron, prevPatron;
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
Accessing Members of Structures
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How do we access the member
named price of the object
myChoice of (structure) type
Book ?
C++ provides the . operator for
this:
myChoice.price
accesses the member named
price of the object myChoice
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
struct Book {
char title[50];
char authors[500];
double price;
int accNum;
bool checkOutStatus;
int claimantId;
};
Book myChoice;
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Accessing Members of Structures
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myChoice.price
can be used in a program like any
other double variable
struct Book {
char title[50];
char authors[500];
double price;
int accNum;
bool checkOutStatus;
int claimantId;
};
Example program statements using
myChoice.price
cin >> myChoice.price;
myChoice.price += 20;
Book myChoice;
cout << Rs. << myChoice.price;
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
10
Accessing Members of Structures
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currPatron.name
struct Patron {
can be used in a program like any
char name[50];
other character array
char address[100];
Example program statements using
int uniqueId;
currPatron.name
int numBooksChkdOut;
if (currPatron.name*0+ == S) ,
int claimdBookAccNum;
};
cout << Patron name: ;
cout << currPatron.name << endl;
Patron currPatron;
}
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
11
Initializing Structures
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Recall declaring and initializing variables of simple data
types
int index = 0;
char command = x;
Can we do similar initialization for structures?
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
12
Initializing Structures
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struct Patron {
char name[50];
char address[100];
int uniqueId;
int numBooksChkdOut;
int claimdBookAccNum;
};
Patron currPatron =
,Shashi Dev, IIT Bombay, India, 2345, 0, -1};
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
13
Initializing Structures
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struct Patron {
currPatron objects members:
char name[50];
name: Shashi Dev
char address[100];
address: IIT Bombay, India
int uniqueId;
uniqueId: 2345
int numBooksChkdOut;
numBooksChkdOut: 0
int claimdBookAccNum;
claimdBookAccNum: -1
};
Patron currPatron =
,Shashi Dev, IIT Bombay, India, 2345, 0, -1};
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
14
Copying Structures
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Recall copying one variable to another for simple data types
int i, j;
i = 27;
j = i;
Can we similarly copy one object of a structure type to
another object of the same structure type?
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
15
Copying structures
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Patron currPatron, prevPatron;
currPatron = ,Shashi Dev, IIT Bombay, India, 2345, 0, -1};
prevPatron = currPatron;
Each member of the object currPatron is copied to the
corresponding member of the object prevPatron
after executing prevPatron = currPatron;
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
16
Copying structures
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Patron currPatron, prevPatron;
currPatron = ,Shashi Dev, IIT Bombay, India, 2345, 0, -1}
prevPatron = currPatron;
currPatron before copying
name: Shashi Dev
address: IIT Bombay, India
uniqueId: 2345
numBooksChkdOut: 0
claimdBookAccNum: -1
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
prevPatron after copying
name: Shashi Dev
address: IIT Bombay, India
uniqueId: 2345
numBooksChkdOut: 0
claimdBookAccNum: -1
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Summary
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The . operator to access members of structures
Initializing structures
Copying structures
Dr. Deepak B. Phatak & Dr. Supratik Chakraborty, IIT Bombay
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