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162 views21 pagesLichfield
Lichfield
Uploaded by
AndyPalmerCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 21
[aFonm W32— February 2008
Calculation Sheet JM
Project, Licvield Park, Lichfielt
Tae — Trae Presto [ore Rona Page
rTOave 06.0808 |porerzz.u | Bieenshaw ot
tem aicuiation om
Objective To assess the viability of soakaway drainage to serve roof drainage
rom part of the site layout.
‘The development site incorporates a series of commercial ‘sheds’ of|
differing sizes together with a small campus of office accommodation.
| The site has potential for infitration drainage, limited to root-run-off only
due to the proximity of a water supply abstraction nearby.
Blocks K, L and M are being considered, together with the northem
office building.
[Site
Site-specific testing was done in 2006 and the results are attached
Pits nrs 2-4 are most relevant and closest to the point of interest: pit nr 1
is farther down the site and has not been considered,
| The test results were:
TP2 3.24x 10% misor ~0.116mvhr
TPS 2.34 x 10° 0.084
TR 2.44 x 10% 0.088
Ave 2.67 x 10° 0.096
Block K: 2,910m*
Block L: 2,700
Block M: 1,760
Office: 380
[Building Regulations H2 | 10-year standard of performance is required ths is backed by BRE
365 which also works with 10-year rainfall data,
BRE 365 Soekanay _| The guidance from BRE 365 will be used to size the soakaways.
{Design
Design:
1-08, where;
| = Inflow from drained area
Outflow through infiltration
S = Storage required to accommodate the excess
I=AxR, where,
‘A= Drained area (m*)
Net rainfall from a given event (m) vy Susuuerd
8
i
7 Trial Pit Field Soakaway Test
Project: Lichfield Park - Phase 2
Project No: P4045
Date: 23rd June 2006
TestNo: TP2
Time | a Depth to Water | Depth of Results
(2anrs) | (mins) (metres) | (metres)
1a oof 0.44 1.18
ee] 25) Trial Pit Dimensions (m)
11:13 Length 1.60
Wet 060
Depth before test 1.60
Effective Depth of Water (m)
75% 162
50% 0.325
25% 0.4875
Summary
vp(7s - 25) in m® 312
‘Ap50 in m?. 2.380
Tp(75- 25) in seconds: 4020
Soil Infiltration Rate (f)
in mis: 3.24 x10"
Depth of water (m)
oo 500 4000 180.0
2000 2500
‘comulative tine (mine) Trial Pit Field Soakaway Test
Project: Lichfield Park - Phase 2
Project No: P4045
Date: 23rd June 2006
TestNo: TP3
Time | epeestme| Pai towater| OR? Resto
caanesy [ni | aces) | gmeee
4.081
‘Trial Pit Dimensions (m)
Length: 1.50
Wiath: 0.60
Depth before test: 1.60
Effective Depth of Water (m)
78% 9.095
50% o19
25% 0.285
Summary
‘Vp(76 - 25} in m’ oa7t
‘p50 in mi? 4.698
Tp(75-25) in seconds: 4290
Soil Infiltration Rate (f)
In mis : 2.34 x 10°
100
0.80
60
040
Depth of water
00 500 3000 180.0 2000 2500
cumulative time (min) Trial Pit Field Soakaway Test
Project: Lichfield Park - Phase 2
Project No: P4045
Date: 23rd June 2006
TestNo: TP4
Cumulative Depth of
Time | anced time} Depth to Water | “Vator Results
(24 hrs)
(mins) (metres)
‘Trial Pit Dimensions (m)
Length: 1.40
Wiath: 0.60
Depth before test: 1.45
Effective Depth of Water (m)
75% 0.1325
50% 0.265
25% 0.3975
Summary
Vp(75 - 25) in ni 0.223
‘A950 in r? 1.900
‘Tp(7S - 25) in seconds: 4600
Soil Infiltration Rate (f)
In mis : 2.44 x 10°
80
070
060
ose
oo
030
20
0.10
0.00 +
‘Depth of water (n)
209
00
200
+000
1200
cumulative te (mins)
1400 SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE
H3
Materials for pipes and jointing
9.16 See paragraph 2.40 of Approved
Document Ht.
Bedding and backfilling
3.17 See paragraphs 2.41 to 2.45 of Approved
Document H1.
Clearance of blockages
3.18 See paragraphs 2.46 to 2.54 of Approved
Document Hi
Workmanship
8.19 See paragraphs 2.55 to 2.58 of Approved
Document H1
Testing and inspection
8.20 See paragraphs 2.50 to 2.62 of Approved
Document Ht
Contaminated runoff
3.21 Where any materials which could cause
pollution are stored or used, separate drainage
systems should be provided. This should
include an appropriate form of separator or
treatment system or the flow should be
discharged into a system suitable for receiving
polluted effluent.
8.22 On car parks, petrol filling stations or
other areas where there Is likely to be leakage
or spillage of oil, drainage systems should be
provided with oil interceptors (see Appendix
H3-A\.
filtration
Soakaways and other
drainage systems
8,23 Infiltration devices include sozkaways,
‘wales, infiltration basins, and filter drains.
3.24 Further information on the design of
Infiltration drainage systems can be found in
CIRIA Report 156 ~ Infiltration drainage ~
Manual of good practice.
3.26 Infiltration drainage is not always possible.
Infiltration devices should not be built:
a) _ within 5m of.a building or road or in areas
of unstable land (see Planning Policy Guidance
Note 14 Annex 1);
b) _in ground where the water table reaches
the bottom of the device at any time of the
year;
©) _ sufficiently far from any drainage fields,
drainage mounds or other soakaways so that
the overall soakage capacity of the ground is
not exceeded and the effectiveness of any
drainage field is not impaired (see Approved
Document H2);
d)__ where the presence of any contamination
in the runoff could result in pollution of
groundwater source or resource.
8.26 Soakaways for areas less than 100m*
soakaways are generally formed from square or
circular pits, filled with rubble or lined with dry-
jointed masonry or perforated ring units.
Soakaways serving larger areas are generally
1ed pits or trench type soakaways.
8.27 Soakaways should be designed to a return
period of once in ten years. The design should
be carried out with storms of differing
durations to determine the duration which gives.
the largest storage volume. For small
soakaways serving 25m or less a design
rainfall of 10mm in 6 minutes may be assumed
to give the worst case. For soakaways serving
larger areas reference should be made to the
sources listed in paragraph 3.30. Where the
ground is marginal overflow drains can be
acceptable.
3.28 Percolation tests should be carried out to
determine the capacity of the soil (see
Approved Document H2 paragraphs 1.34 to
1.98). Where the test is carried out in
accordance with Approved Document H2, the
soil infiltration rate {f) is related to the value Ve
derived from the test by the equatio
f= to*
2Vs
3.29 The storage volume should be calculated
80 that, over the duration the storm, the
storage volume is sufficient to contain the
difference between the inflow volume and the
outflow volume. The inflow volume is
calculated from the rainfall depth (see
paragraph 3.26) and the area drained. The
‘outflow volume (0) is calculated from the
equation:
O=amx fxD
Where au: is the area of the side of the storage
volume when filled to 50% of its effective
depth, and D Is the duration of the storm in
minutes,
3.90 Soakaways serving larger areas should be
designed in accordance with BS EN 752-4 (see
8.36), or BRE Digest 365 Soakaway desigr
Other types of infiltration system
8.31 Swales are grass-lined channels which
transport rainwater from a site as well as
controlling flow and quality of surface runoff.
Some of the flow infiltrates into the ground.
‘There may be an overflow at the end into
another form of infiltration device or a
watercourse, They are particular suitable for
treatment of runoff from small residential
developments, parking areas and roads.
Approved Document H
Drainage and waste disposat
48 Soakaway design Digest 365
RE CeneconDivkion ee
Bilan beng
‘Soakaways have been the traditional way to dispose of stormwater from ees
buildings and paved areas remote fom apublicsewer or watercourse. n
recent years, soakaways have been used within urban, uly-sevvered areas
tolimit the impact on discherge of new upstream building works and to
_avold costs of sewer upgrading outside development. Soakaways are
seen increasingly asa more widely applicable option alongside other
‘means of stormwater contol and disposal.
— capt
‘Soakawaysmuststore the immediate stormwater run-off andallow forts 3
ffdeninfvatininto the adacentsol. they mstdscargetherstoed Sama
water suficenty quickly toprovidethenecessarycapactytorecele 3
runoff fama subsequent storm. The time taken for discharge depends
tupon the soakaway shape and size, and the surrounding soi'infitration
characteristics. They can be constructed in many different forms and from
arange of materials,
This Digest descrines design and construction procedures for soakaways,
‘explains how to cakulat rainfall design values andsolinfitration rates,
‘and ives design examples.
Digest 365s being ressued withninar ygogephicalamiendmens to cold withthe
ablation of BRESOAK Soakawy desig software Re. P24)
ResoNesotorrs ps deg in skye
wegen oe
coer es
ee
Salieri tea
‘Shape and size
‘Soakaways for areas less than 100m? have
traditionally been builtas square or circular pts,
either filled with rubble or lined with dry-jointed
brickwork or precast perforated concrete ring
units surrounded by suitable granular backiill.
‘BS 8301 suggests that soskaways may take the
form of trenches that follow convenient
contours: compared with square or cireular
shapes, they bave larger internal surface areas for
infiltration of stormwater fora given stored
volume, The designer must consider the merits of
the more compact square or circular forms
against the belter rate of discharge from the
‘trench inthe particular conditions of soil type,
available space, site layout and topography.
For drained areas above 100m", soakaways
‘can be precast ring or of tench type and not
substantially deeper than soakaways that serve
small areas: 3 o4mis adequate if ground
conditions allow. Although limiting the depth
does mean the length must be increased, trench
soakaways are cheaper to dig with readily
available excavating equipment.
Soil infiltration characteristics
‘Themethod of determination must give
representative results forthe proposed site ofthe
soakaway. This is achieved by:
© Excavating a trial pit of sufficient size to
representa section of the design scakaway.
‘© Filling the pit several times in quick
succession whilst monitoring the rate of
seepage, to represent soil moisture conditions
typical ofthe site when the soakaway becomes
operative,
(© Examining site data to ensure that variations in
soil conditions, areas of filled land,
referential underground seepage routes,
variations in the level of groundwater, and any
geotechnical and geological factors likely to
affect the long-term percolation and stability
of the area surrounding the soakaway have
been assessed. Groundwater should not rise to the level ofthe base of the soakaway during annual
variations in the water table, Local building control
and/or planning authorities should advise where
fluctuations in groundwater level may cause a problem in
the long term for any proposed depth of exea
Design procedure
‘The design method for sizing a soakaway is based upon the
equation of volumes:
1-0-8
where:
= the inflow from the impermeable area drained to
the soakeway
0» the outflow infiltrating into the soil during rainfall
‘S= the required storage in the soakavray to balance
‘temporarily inflow and outflow.
Inflow to the soakaway
L-A4xR
where:
= the impermeable area drainedto the soakaway
Re thetotal ainfall ina design storm (a 10-year
return period should be used); calculation of Ris,
shown in the box below.
Outflow from the seakaway
0 aqxf XD
where:
‘gy the internal surface area of the soakaway to 50%
effective depth: this excludes the base area whicis
assumed to clog with fine particles and become
ineffective inthe long term
fa the soil infiltration rate determined in a trial pit at
the site ofthe soakaway
‘D= the storm duration,
Calculating design rainfall
‘Values of design rain, R, cathe determined using Figure | and
“Tables {and 2 for differencstorm durations witha 10-yearreturn
period. The notation MED minis used to iden the storm,
where’ :
X= theresurnporiod ia years
D. ~ thestorn duration insninites,
“The 10-year retum period rainfall of 15 minutes duration, known.
‘as M1015 min, oF of30 minutos duration, known as M10-30 min
‘ainfal,iscalculated as follows:
‘From the map in Figure 1, determine the rainfall ratio, r, for the
location ofthe soalaway (interpolating between contours). Use
this in Table Io give the factor fx the eateuation ofthe
$S-yearrenim pened raintallttal, M5-D min, for different storm
‘durations D. : :
‘The bass of thecalculation ste MS-60 mia rainfall: his can be
{taken tobe 20 rm forall parts of the United Kingdom.
(M5-Dminsainfall. ~MS-60 minrainfll 23((orEngland and
920.1 em
‘Other duration are calculate inthe same way,
This procedure to determine the 10-year rainfalls must be sed
‘because he base deaare availabe onl for Sear returns Relafall duration D
trates vous vnaua wget zs
; rato En Fi
SiS Path Enid Sete
012] 022 034 045 067 100 148 217 275 370 600
0.15] 0.25 0.38 0.48 0.69 1.00 142 202 2.46 3.23 4.90 7 19 ay
0.18] 0.27 O41 O51 O71 1.00 136 186 2.25 2.86 430 i 122 119
0.21) 0.29 0.43 0.54 073 100 133 L77 212 262 3.60 a oad Ld
0.26] 0.31 0.46 0.56 0.75 1.00 130 L71 2.00 240 3.35 2 126 119
21] 033 0a8 038 075 1o0 127 Lat las 2% 310 kB
0.30] 0.34 0.49 0.59 0.77 100 1.25 157 178 212 2.84 i eed ad
033| 035 050 O61 O78 100 123 133 17 200 2m MSL
03s] 035 031 O82 079 10) 122 La 157 18 242
0.39] 0.37, 0.52 0.63 0.80 100 1.21 146 1.62 182 228 ci 1a lie
0.42 | 0.38 0.53 0.64 O81 1.00 1.20 142 187 174 216 100 ee!
04s] 039 05t 055 O87 100 119 138 131 153205
© the outflow from the soakaway is under-estimated;
higher infiltration rates occur at greater depths of storage
in practice than are adopted in design, and because the
outflow is ealeulated on the basis of the rainfall duration
rather than the run-off duration, The latter may be
‘considerably longer, depending on the length of drains,
Soil infiltration rate
Excavate a soakage trial pit to the same depth as anticipated
in the full-size soakaway, fornun-off from 100 m? this will
be 1 to 1.5 mbelow the invert level ofthe drain discharging
tothe soakeway. Overall depths of excavation will be
typically 1.5 to 2.5 m for permeable areas up to 100m?
draining to the soakaway.
‘The trial pit should be 0.3 to lm wide and I to 3 mong,
It should have vertical sides trimmed square and,
iftecessary for stability, should be filled with granular
‘material. When granular fill is used, a full-height,
perforated, vertical observation tube should be positioned
in the pit so that water levels can be monitored with a dip
tape. It should be possible to construct suitably
dimensioned pit with a backhoe loader or mini-exeavator.
Narrow, short pits use less water forthe soakage tests but
may be more difficult to trim and clean prior to testing.
Measure the pit carefully before trials.
For safety reasons do not enter the pit.
A lot of water will be used to determine the sil
{infiltration rate so water bowser may be needed. The
inflow should be rapid so that the pit can be filled to its
‘maximum effective depth in a short time, ie to the design
invert level ofthe drain tothe soakaway. Take care that the
inflow does not cause the walls of the pit to collapse.
Fill the pit and allow itto drain three times to near empty;
‘each time record the water level and time ftom filling, at
intervals sufficiently close to clearly define water level
versus time (Figure 2). The three fillings should be on the
same or consecutive days,
CCateutste the soil infiltration rate from the time taken for
the water level to fall froma 75% to 25% effective storage
depth in the pit, using the lowest f value of the three test,
results for design:
where:
Ys
Soil nftraton ate, f = 2-8
a Apso X Fyns— 25
¥,
‘og-a5 = the effective storage volume of water in the
trial pit between 75% and 25% effective
depth
the internal surface area of the tial pit up to
50% effective depth and including the base
the time for the water level to fall from 75%
10 25% effective depth.
Ifthe test pit is deeper than about 3 m, it may be difficult to
supply sufficient water fora fall-depth soakage test. Tests
‘may be conducted at less than full depth but determinations
of the soil infiltration rate may be lower than those from the
{ull-depth test. This is because relationships between depth
of water in the soakage pit, the effective area of outflow and
‘the infiltration rate can vary with depth, even when soil,
conditions themselves do not vary. The variation in
infiltration rate with the depth at which the determination is
made may beas much as a factor of two, From the resultsof
a soakage trial in Figure 2, the calculated infiltration rate
based upon a fal of water level from:
© 75% to 50% effective depth is 5.1 x 10% m/s
© 50% to 25% effective depths 2.9 x 10° m/s
‘The design method adopts the result determined from 75%
10.25% effective depth of 3.3 x 10 m/s (see the box on
page 5),
Ifitis impossible to carry outa full-depth soakage test,
soil infiltration rate calculation should be based on the time namionaL,
ORS
Figure 1 Ratio of 60-minute to 2-day rantals ofS year return period -from Design and analysis of urban storm damage
(Department ofthe Eavionment)
for fall of water level fiom 75% to 25% of the actual
_maximam water depth achieved in the test. The effective
area of loss from the coskage pit is then calculated as the
internal surface area ofthe pitto 50% maximum depth
achieved plus the base area of the pit. In general, soakage
trials should be undertaken where the drain will discharge to
the soakaway. The use of full-depth and of repeat
determinations at locations along the fine of trench,
soakavays is very important when soil conditions vary; if
the soil is fissured, infiltration rates can vary enormously. In
these situations, a preliminary design length for the
proposed soakaway should be calculated from the first
Soakage trial pitresult and, ifthe design length exceeds
10 m,a second trial shouldbe carried out atthe design Calculating sol infitration rate
Figuro2 shows typical fied obsecvations from a scakage tral
pit Iewas known thatthe invert ofthe discharge drain wasto be
| mbelow ground surface. An effectivestorage depth 13a
‘was adopted. When trimmed and clean, the tial pit was 2.51 m
deep, 240 mong and 0,60 m wide
‘Volunteoutflowing between 15% and 25% effective depth:
Foysas=240%0.60%(.13-1.38)= 100m!
‘The mean surlacearea trough which te outflow oceurs, taken
tobe the pit sides o 50% effective depth and including the base
ofthepit:
Aga = (240 X 0.155 x2) + (0.6 0.755 x2)+ (2.40 0.60)
397m
From Figure 2, the time forthe outlaw between 75% and 25%
effective dept
joss" 102-11 91 min
109
Soilinfiration ate, |= =
5979160
33x10 méee
length distance along the line ofthe soakaway. Inall ground
conditions, a second trial pit should be dug ifthe trench,
soakaway (designed on the basis of one trial pit)is longer
‘than 25 m; further trial pits are needed at intervals of 25 m
‘along the line of long soakaway. IFmore than one trial pit
is used, the mean value of the soil percolation rates
determined from the trial pits is edopted forthe final design.
ime of emptying of soakaway —
‘The soakaway should discharge from full tohali-volume
within 24 hours in readiness for subsequent storm inflow.
Construction details
‘Maintenance of soakaways has always presented problems,
usually in finding them! This is certainly the case with
rubble-filled ones. All soakaways should be provided with
some form of inspection access, sothat the point of|
discharge ofthe drain to the soakaway can be seen. This
‘access will identify the location and will allow material to
bbe cleared from the soakaway.
Little monitoring of soakaway performance is done, but
this could be most informative about changes in soil
infiltration rate and in warning of soakaway blockage in the
long term, The inspection access should provide aclear
view to the base ofthe soakaway, even when the soakaway
is ofthe filled ype (Figure 3). For small, filled soakaways, a
225 mm perforated pipe provides suitable inspection well
Lined soakaways have the advantage of access for
inspection and cleaning and this should be feature ofall
soskaways, Trench-type soakaways should baveat least
‘wo inspection access points, one at each end ofa straight
‘reach, with a horizontal perforated or porous distributor
pipe linking the ends along the top of the granular fill
(Figure 4). Irmay be convenient with a trench soakaway to
= Maximum effective dopih ~ +
>
‘78% ful -
20)
25]
Depth below ground surlace,
160200
Time trom fling to maximum effective
pt, min
Figure 2 Fee observations from a soakage tia pit2.51 m deep; 2.4m
ong; 0.6 mwide ao granutar 8
Access gover
Inspection Q
wel &
A? Geotextle around
BES / scesandtonof
ce grander
Figure 3 Smal filed soakaway wih perforeted inspection wel extending
‘to base of sockaway providing access to discharge draioulet
Porous stributor pine
Figure 4 Tench type soakaway with horizontal distributor pipe
have several drain discharge points along the length of the
trench, each connected to the soakaway via an inspection
‘access chamber,
Intrench soakaways, the movement of suspended and.
floating material into the distributor pipe can be minimised
byusing wet wells with a piece inlet fitted to the
distributor pipe (Figure 6). Two or more T-piece inlets to
distributor pipes in two or more trench soakaways may be
appropriate for large wet well designs. The advantages of
sedimentation of fine material in the precast chamber, for
cease of maintenance and extended operating life, are
combined with the more efficient trench discharge
characteristics. For WS — February 2008
Calculation Sheet JMP
Project” Lichfield Park, Lichfield
Made by Bate (rajeei No (checked By Approves Page No:
T Dawe 09.0808 [Pove022 | P Birkenshaw 02
item [Calculation Output
0 = ago x Fx D, wheres
‘aso = Internal surface area of soakaway up to 50% effective depth,
[excluding base area (m’).
= Infiltration rate (rm/hr)
= Storm duration (hr)
| Storm durations to be tested for D = 0.083 - 24hrs.
Rainfall data from BRE 965 Tables 1 & 2
[See attached spreadsheet for results
For Table 1, the value of 'r applicable to the site is ~0.39 (see extract
{from HR Wallingford map)
cl if} factor of safety (FoS) is applied to the infiltration coefficient: this is
GIRIA, RIS Design Of en fom Table 48 of CIRIA R168, The consequnces of hus Se
taken, in this instance, as ‘NO inconvenience’ since flooding from the
Soakeway will only frst affect the landscape area behind the buildings
The FoS is 1.5
“Tiafitvation ‘trench’ 80m long by 2.5m wide by 1.6m deep. Effective|
[depth ‘0m with 0.6m grenular fil on top. Main storage to be provided
by proprietary ‘beer-crate’ storage calls
Effective area = 2 x (80+ 2.6) x 1.0 = 165m"
aso = 82.5m
“The storage provided, for a typical ‘porosity’ co-efficient of 0.90 for the
storage cells and 0.3 for the granular fil above, is:
(002.5 x 1.00.9) + (80x25 x06 x03) = 216m"
\infitration trench’ 70m long by 2.5m wide by 1.6m deep. Effective |
depth 1.0m with 0.6m granular fil on top. Main storage to be provided
by proprietary ‘beer-crate’ storage cals.
Effective area = 2 x (70 + 2.6) x 1.0
260 = 72.50
-The storage provided, for atypical ‘porosity’ co-efficient of 0.90 for the
storage cells and 0.3 for the granular fill above, is:
(70x25 x 1.0 x 0.9) + (70x 2.60.6 x 0.3) = 188m"
145m’. Lchfls Par, Lchils By: T Dawe,
cheated RD,
M560" 20mm From BRE S88 Caiong ceo aa secon)
Duaten 21 MD zk tow
Cis) Tablet) (om) Table} tom
ong oes, TAN, te
aw = Ostet
or estes Has
os katate
+ to tea
2 in me te 8
6 te me ie BS
0 i esp P
» i see
Block K 2910 m* ‘Block m AS 1760 m?
ee ne t= does mie
82.5 m a= s75m
18 fo= ts
Duration 0m) 4 os Duraton mO-D—) 1 o 4
(hrs) (mm) my ry (mn?) (hrs) (ram) Am?) im’) n'y
Ce cos og se bor has
otra? aor ar ayes ak
2 asta oa 55st
0s 8 ary aat Bs oes Set
1 os at ago tome sae
2 oo seas 2 no eee
6 Ss eo arm ars é 35 eee an
wo 87 art aaa m 8? ee a
% 838 tee trogen M8 rasta
leaxR O=Dit
Block L_ 2700 m? Office block 300 m?
ee me ee ie
sy = 725m 22.5 me
res tg 48
Duraton 0-D(R) 1 os uration : cuits
hrs) {rm} tm?) tm) tm) (hrs tm’) (im) (me)
eS 080 aa ba a
oir er ss 8 oer aso
02 is3 ta tue 08 as cam ay
ose eau a3 ot
1 sorts t othe
2 oo ate eg 2 m8
6 3s am? onas es é aa te
mw 87 re fos 2° v0 ete
ue owes trae ” Ho me 43
‘Soekanay calculations Sepsis toy 1090972008, GIRIA Report 158
EXAMPLE
Detenmine the 10-year serum period rainfall satscs for a site near Southampton
‘Sep. From the map in Figure 43 the value of the rainfall ratio for the locaton near
Southampton is 7 = 0.35,
‘The above method produces rainfall inenses of diferent durations with a 10-year tru pesiod
1 rsiofall intensities of + aiflecne ret period are required growth cymes deteribed in the
Flood Suudes Repott should be used. These relate the value for a O.year seurn period to those for
diferent return periods
1 should be noted that in the above the minfll intensity is expressed in mh. Rainfall intensities are
sso commonly expressed in mmf, the rao between the two values being 1000. In the subsequent
hyeraulic ealuletins, mh has been selected as the units used should be consistent with each other
‘Thus if the siz of the basis ia expresed in mewes and the inflcation coefficient ia eh then the
rainfall intensity sed in the caleaatons showld be expresied in ah
Table 4.6 Factor of safety, F, for use in hydraulic design
Sep 2 Using y = 035 determine the 10-year canal intensity fr each storm duration
from Table 45.
Storm duration, © alfa intensiy,
(in) i
(om)
0 oon
5 0.081
30 nse
o 92s
0 oors
240 0.008
360 oon
«oo 0.008
Size of area to be drained Consequences of falure
No damage or Minor Damage to buildings 0
Inconvenlence inconvenience, eg, structures oF major
surface water on car inconvenience, ey °
parking flooding of roads
< 100 mt Ls 2 10
100 m0 1000 ma? is 3 0
> 1000 mi! ts 5 0
53 raFonm WE — Fobruaty 2008
Calculation Sheet
ee
Project: Lichfield Park, Lichfotd
|Drain-down times
depth 1.0m with 0.6m granular fil on top. Main storage to be provided
by proprietary ‘beer-crate’ storage cells.
Effective area = 2 x (20+ 2.5) x 1.0 = 45m?
59 = 22.60",
“The storage provided, for atypical ‘porosity’ co-efficient of 0.90 for the
storage cells and 0.3 for the granular fil above, is:
(20x 2.5 x 1.0 x09) + (202.5 x0.6x0.3) = S4m*
‘AN four soakaways perform edequataly: the maximum storage (S)|
requirements are more than catered for by the available capacities of
leach soakaway.
Unit Capacity Max S value (10-year storm)
K 216m* 7m?
L 189 82
u 149 50
Office 84 9
BRE 366 stipulates that “The soakaway should discharge from full to
half-volume within 24 hours in readiness for subsequent storm inflow.”
None of the soakaways actually fil to above half-volume against the ful
capacity though see also beiow for extreme event capacity). The drain.
(Gown time for each soakaway post-event for the stored water tabulated|
above is estimated as follows:
Effective area at end of storm infiltrating water is di: this depth wil
‘gradually falas the soskaway empties. Assume ave flow area of h/4
remainder of drain-dovn (2)
0.20 90 476
L 0.52 754 518 haltempty in
Mt 0.40 460 518 about 1 day: OK.
off
aie by oa Pigjed Ne [Shockey [aporouedby Page Ne
rT Dave 10-0008 [Po7e0z2-U___[P Birkenshew
tear [Calculation Output
Block M infitration ‘trench’ 55m tong by 2.6m wide by 1.6m deep. Effective
[depth 1.0m with 0.6m granular fil on top. Main storage to be provided
by proprietary ‘beer-crate' storage cells.
Effective area = 2 x (85 + 2.5) x 1.0 = 116m"
250 = 875m
-the storage provided, fora typical ‘porosity co-efficient of 0.90 for the!
storage cells and 0.3 for the granular fil above, is:
(65 x 2.5 x 1.0 x 0.9) + (65x 2.6 x 0.60.3) = 149m°
Gifce Bicck (nitration ‘trench’ 20m long by 2.6m wide by 4 ‘6m deep, Effective|
Unit ds a tea= Sx 4/ (arxf) The soakaways
K 4am = 78.2m? 52.3hrs will empty wholly
in ~2 days; will -aFomn WS = February 2008
Calculation S|
heet IMP
Project Lichfield Park, Lenton
ade rede Checked by Appioned Br Page Ro:
TOawe 10.0808 [Po76o220 | Bitkenshaw 04
item [Gaicutation [Output
Extreme event capacity |The storage of each soakavay also requires to hold the 100-year + 30%|
rainfall event, to avoid surface flooding. M100-D can be derived from
MS-D by using the relevant set of 22 factors (taken from Table 6.2 of|
‘The Wallingford Procedure Design and analysis of urban storm|
drainage.
The corresponding peak storage volumes in the extreme event are as
follows:
Unit Capacity Mex $ value
K 216 218
L 189 204
iM 149 127
lofice 84 25
‘The soakaways for'M' and the office have sufficient capacity. Unit‘K'is|
right t its limit; 'L’ requires a small increase in storage. chet Par, Lita
Msso=
Duration
Aes)
0.083
0.167
025
05:
10
24
Block «
Duration
(ts).
0.083
0.167
025
05
10
2%
Block L
Duration
(hs)
0.089
0187
025
05:
10
Ps
20mm
z
rable 1,
4“
a.
°
1
1
1
4
2
beasesees
AS
t=
a
FoS=
mi00-D +
20% (rm)
178
260
ste
“8
528
2
e241
609
1007
Ae
1
ary
Fos
mio0.0 +
30% (mm)
178
260
319
a8
20
632
B21
209
1097
MED 22 (Table
(om 62)
74 1138
104 92
16 495
160 2.00
200 203
242 201
S24 4195:
384 12
456 138;
2910 me
0.084 mtr
zg m*
18
1 °
to tm
518 ‘038
755 or
29 116
wat 231
1636 482
1840 9.24
zoo are
pete 46.20
3101 110.88
TeARR O= Dros,
2700 mP
0.084 mvnr
725m
18
' °
(oa
481 0.98
701 0.8
962 102
1123 203
1425 405
707 ez
2181430
2483 40.80
2981 oTAe
Soakaway calculations Sept08.x6
M1000 m00-0 +
(ave.
"37
200
28
52.0
408
400
a2
628
Bas
(ox,
417
oa
252
1103
i384
1626
1974
2047 =
1887
30%
ire
280
319
418
528
832
224
909
1097
(From BRE 985 Calculating design ranfat section)
“from The Walingford Procedure
Block
Duration
(ts)
0.088
0.167
0.25
05:
4
2
é
10
2
Office block
Duration
(bre)
0.083
0.107
0.25
05:
10
2
100-7 ctmate
ao
Fos =
tm00.0 +
20% (mmm)
178
260
518
418
528
32
aa
08
1087
As
1
Fos =
mt00.0 +,
20% (mm)
178
260
318
416
20
ea2
21
09
1087
1760 m*
0.084 mite
‘orm
15
1 °
tm), mn’)
a9 "oar
47 (4
32 (at
m2 161
e322
113 baa
sais 1932
199 3220
19907728
300 a
(0.084 rhe
°
tn
010
104 oat
28082
182088
26 128
mr 282
mo 756
384 1260
428 3024
ey: Dawe,
Checkea: AIG
99
24
165
193
24
245«
na
as
oroer2008 rable 6.2 Relationship between rainfall of return period T (MT) and M5 England and
Wales (Ratio 22)
Ms Roinfoll = M2) M3. MMS. Mizo. 50. MTO0
062 079 089 097 1.02 119 196 186 1.79
061 079 090 097 103 122 141 165 1.91
ams 062 080 090 097 103 1.24 144 «1.70 1.99
nent. | 064 (0.81 (090 097 103 124 145 173 203
rate 065 082 (091 097 103 1.24 144 172 «2.01
weal 068 (083 091 097 103 122 142 1.70 1.97
070 084° 092 097 102 119 138 164 «(1.89
072 085 093 098 102 1.17 134 188 1.81
alled 076 087 093 098 102 114 1.28 147 1.64
ition 078 088 094 098 1.02 113 125 140 1.54
hing 078 (0.88 (0.94 «(098 (101 «1120 1.210 1931.45
ilter, 078 088 094 098 101 111 1.19 130 © 1.40
69
Table 6.3 Relationship between rainfall of return period T (MT) and MS - Scotland
and Northern Ireland (Ratio 22) _
6.10 Ms Rainfall M1 M2 M3 M4 MB MIO Wz0 «M50 M100
mm
5 067 082 081 098 102 1.17 135 1621.88
10 068 082 091 098 103 119 139 169 1.97
6 069 083 091 097 103 1.20 139 1.70 1.98
end. 20 0.70 084 092 097 102 1.19 138 1.66 1.93
nfall 25 O71 084 092 098 102 1.18 (137 1.64 1.88
outer 30 072 085 0982 098 102 118 136 1.61 1.85
zarly 40 0.74 086 093 098 102 417 134 186° 177
50 0.75 087 093 098 102 116 130 162 1.72
75 077° 088 (094 098 102 116 127 145 1.62
100 078 088 094 O98 102 113 124 140 184
=> 160 079° «089 «(094 098 102 111 120 133 145
200 080 089 095 099 101 110 118 130 1.40
‘ ‘
q Table 6.4 Areal reduction constants for use in equation 6.6
a Size of area, AT f fe
i (Km?)
} AT<20 0.0384 AT®25 0,40-0.0208 In (4.6 ~ In AT)
i 20
