IMUNOLOGY REVIEW
Question Answer
Mention two component of the Cell mediated immunity
acquired immune system! Consist primarily of killer T
cells
Utilizes lymphocytes,
cytokines, phagocytes
Inhibits intercelullar
organism
Humoral (Abs-mediated) immunity
Consist primarily of B cells
and plasma cells
Utilizes antibodies and
complement
Neutralize toxin and viruses
Opsonizes bacteria, inhibits
extracelullar organism
What bridges the two arms Macrophages and other
(cell-mediated and humoral phagocytic cells such as dendritic
immunity) of acquired cells that pasticipates in both
immunity? innate and acquired arms.
As part of innate : ingest & kill
microbes
As part of acquired : present
antigens to helper T cells
NOTE : Neutrophils which are
phagocytes have excellent
microbicidal abilities DONT
present antigen to helper T cells
and therfore its function in innate
but not in acquired imunity.
Mention antigen recognition Cognitive / recognition phase
phase! By receptors binding antigen
Activation phase
Proliferation and differentiation
of lymphocytes
Effector phase
Eliminate antigen, some
lymphocytes differentiate into
memory cells
Mention soluble mediators of Acute phase protein
immunity! Complement
Cytokines
Antibodies
Whats consequences of Inflamation
immune activation? Phagocytosis
Neutralization
Cytotoxic reaction
What two important functions Recognize antigens w/ their
do B cells perform during surface IgM antigen receptor
induction phase? Present epitopes to TH cells in
association w/ class II MHC
protein
Which cells express MHC Class All nucleated cells express MHC
I and MHC Class II? class I
And which cells do MHC Only APCs express MHC class II
classes present to? ( such as : Langerhans cell in
skin, macrophages, follicular
dendritic cells, B cells) antigen
must be presented to T cells by
an APC.
MHC I cells present antigen to
CD8+ cells
MHC II cells present antigen to
CD4+ cells
Helper T cells produces IL-4 & IL-5
cytokines, mention name of Help B cells produce antibodies
them and their function! IL-2
Activate CD4 and CD8 cells
IFN gama
Activated macrophages
Whats the function of CD4 w/ Th-2 cells help B cells develop
lymphocytes? into Ab-prroducing plasma cells
by producing cytokines IL-4 & IL-
5.
w/ Th-1 cells help CD8 T cells to
become activated cytotoxic T
cells by producing cytokines IL-2
and activated NK cells.
Help macophages effect delayed
hypersensitivity
Whats the main thing that IL-2 levels (produced by
regulates the balance macrophages, increase number of
between Th-1 and Th-2 cells? Th-1 cells)
IFN gamma levels (inhibits
production of Th-2 cells)
Cleaved viral peptides MHC class I
associated w/ which MHC Viral antigen is presented to
Class? receptor on CD8+ cells
Which MHC class do all other MHC class II
antigens associated with? Transported to surface of APC,
antigen in association w/ MHC
class II presented to CD4+ helper
T cells
NOTE :
CD4 cells T (subset T helper) ---
MHC II
CD8 cells (subset T sitotoksik) ---
MHC I
What to T cell recognize? ONLY polypeptide antigen when
presented in association w/ MHC
protein
Which antibodies are involved IgM and IgG ONLY
in the complement system?
Whats produce complement Hepatocytes and mononuclear
components? phagocytes
Example of laboratory test a. Immunoflourescence,
that are based on : ELISA, flow cytometri
a. Primary b. Prescipitation, agglutination
union/interaction c. Fixation complement test
b. Secondary union
c. Tertiary union
What are the active mediators Histamin
released by mast cell in type 1 (vasodilatation, increase capillary
hypersensitivity? permability, smooth muscle
contraction/bronchospasme)
Leukotriens
(Increase vascular permeability,
bronchoconstriction)
Eosinophil chemotactic factors
Prostaglandin and thromboxane
(aggregate platelets,
vasodilatation)
What is GALT? Gut associated lymphoid tissue
Intraepithelial lymphocytes are
thought to provide pprotection
against intestinal pathogens.
What is sepsis? The presence of pathogenic
organism, or theit toxin in the
blood or tissue
(bacteremiabut no symptoms thus
NOT sepsis)
Explain about hematopoesis Blood cells renewed from
pluripotent stem cells in bone
marrow
Under influence of cytokines stem
cells become a variety of other
cells:
IL-7 : cell B development
IL-3 : acts on eraly bone marrow
progenitors cells
GM-CSF : stimulates cells of
granulocytic ¯ophage
M-CSF : macrophage colony
stimulating factors
G-CSF : granulocyte colony
stimulating factor
How to Tc and NK cells kill By inserting perforin on surface of
virus-infected cells? many cells
By inserting granzymes into
infected cell as trigger apoptosis
by activating caspases which
destroy DNA repair
By activation Fas-FasLigand
(FasL) : apoptosis of target cell
Whats regulatory function of Antibody production (require Th
T cell? cell)
Cell-mediated immunity ( antigens
is processed by macrophages is
fragmented, and presented w/
MHC II molecules on surface)
Suppression of certain immune
response (suppress Ab
production)
Whats function of B cell? They are APC
Differentiate into plasma cells and
produce antibodies
Explain about IL-1? Produced mainly by macrophage
stimulator of inflamation (innate)
and T cell (spesific immunity)
its released is stimulated by LPS
and T cells
endogenous pyrogens
activates T&B cells, neutrophils,
epithelial cell, fibroblas (ex :
stimulates Th cells to
differentiate)
Explain about IL-2? Produced mainly by Th-1 cells
Activated helper & cytotoxic T
cells
Activates B cells
Explain about IL-4? Produced mainly by Th-2 cells
Promote growth of B cells
Enhance humoral immunity, and
IgE synthesis
Explain about IL-5? Produced mainly by Th-2 cells
Promote differentiate of B cell
Enhance synthesis of IgA
Stimulates production and
activation eosinophils
Explain about IL-6? Produced by Th cell
Stimulates cell B to differentiate
Indunced fever & production AFP
Explain about IL-3? Made by Th-2 cell
Mediator of allergic airways
disease(asthma) and
hyperresponsivness
Explain about IL-10 & IL-12? Regulate production of Th-1
IL-12 : produced by macrophages
IL-10 : produced by Th-2 cell
Explain about IL-13 Made by Th-2 cell
Mediator of allergic airways
disease(asthma) and
hyperresponsivness but NOT IgE
Explain about TGF-beta Anti cytokine
Inhibits macrophages, B cells,
neutrophils, NK cells
Stimulate wound healing
Suppresses immune response
when its no longer needed
Rank order for antigen Proteins > polysaccharides >
potency? nucleic acid > lipids
Proteins are the best immunogen
bcs easily processed by APC, form
non-covalent bond w/ MHC
LPS are endotoxins
What unique sequences in the IgG, IgA, and IgD are have 3
H chains Ig for? constant domain for isotypic
variation (common to all member
of the species), allotypic variation
(variation between members of
the species), complement binding,
fc binding, disulfide bond
formation.
