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Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Exercise A, Question 1

Question:

The curve C, with equation y = x2 ln x, x > 0, has a stationary point P. Find, in

terms of e, the coordinates of P. (7)
Solution:

y = x2 ln x, x > 0
Differentiate as a product:
dy 1
dx = x2 x + 2x ln x = x + 2x ln x = x ( 1 + 2 ln x )
dy
dx =0 1 + 2 ln x = 0 as x > 0
2 ln x = 1
1
ln x = 2
1
x=e 2
1
Substituting x = e 2 , in y = x2 ln x
1 1 1 1
y= (e 2 ) 2 ln e 2 = 2e
1
1 1
So coordinates are ( e 2 , 2e

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Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Exercise A, Question 2

Question:

f ( x ) = e2x 1, x 0
The curve C with equation y = f ( x ) meets the y-axis at P.
The tangent to C at P crosses the x-axis at Q.

(a) Find, to 3 decimal places, the area of triangle POQ, where O is the origin. (5)
The line y = 2 intersects C at the point R.

(b) Find the exact value of the x-coordinate of R. (3)

Solution:

(a) C meets y-axis where x = 0

y=e1
Find gradient of curve at P.
dy
dx = 2e2x 1
dy
At x = 0, dx = 2e 1

Equation of tangent is y e 1 = 2e 1x
This meets x-axis at Q, where y = 0
1
Q 2 ,0

1 1 1 1
Area of POQ = 2 2 e1= 4e = 0.092

(b) At R, y = 2 2 = e2x 1
2x 1 = ln 2
2x = 1 + ln 2
1
x= 2 ( 1 + ln 2 )

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 3 C3 Page 1 of 2

Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Exercise A, Question 3

Question:

3x x+7
f(x) = x+1
,x>1
x2 1

4
(a) Show that f ( x ) = 3 x1
, x > 1. (5)

(b) Find f 1 ( x ) . (4)

(c) Write down the domain of f 1 ( x ) . (1)

Solution:
3x x+7
(a) x+1 (x+1) (x1) ,x>1
3x ( x 1 ) ( x + 7 )
(x+1) (x1)

3x2 4x 7
(x+1) (x1)

( 3x 7 ) ( x + 1 )
(x+1) (x1)
3x 7
x1
3(x1) 4
x1
4
3 x1

4
(b) Let y = 3 x1
4
x1 =3y
x1 1
4 = 3y
4
x1= 3y

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 3 C3 Page 2 of 2

4 7y
x=1+ 3y or 3y
4 7x
So f 1 ( x ) = 1 + 3x or 3x

(c) Domain of f 1 ( x ) is the range of f(x).

4 4
x>1 x1 >0 f(x) =3 x1 <3

So the domain of f 1 ( x ) is x < 3

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Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Exercise A, Question 4

Question:

(a) Sketch, on the same set of axes, for x > 0, the graphs of
1
y = 1 + ln 3x and y = x
(2)
The curves intersect at the point P whose x-coordinate is p.
Show that

(b) p satisfies the equation

p ln 3p p 1 = 0 (1)

(c) 1 < p < 2 (2)

The iterative formula
1 1
xn + 1 = e 1+
3 xn , x0 = 2
is used to find an approximation for p.

(d) Write down the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4 giving your answers to 4
significant figures. (3)

(e) Prove that p = 1.66 correct to 3 significant figures. (2)

Solution:

(a)

1
(b) At P, 1 + ln 3p = p

p + p ln 3p = 1
p ln 3p p 1 = 0

(c) Let f ( p ) p ln 3p p 1
f ( 1 ) = ln 3 2 = 0.901...
f ( 2 ) = 2 ln 6 3 = + 0.5835...
Sign change implies root between 1 and 2, so 1 < p < 2.

1 1
(d) xn + 1 = 1+
3e xn , x0 = 2

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 3 C3 Page 2 of 2

1 3
x1 = 3e
2 = 1.494 (4 s.f.)
x2 = 1.770 (4 s.f.)
x3 = 1.594 (4 s.f.)
x4 = 1.697 (4 s.f.)

(e) f ( 1.665 ) = + 0.013

f ( 1.655 ) = 0.003
root between 1.655 and 1.665
So p = 1.66 (3 s.f.)
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Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Exercise A, Question 5

Question:

The curve C1 has equation

y = cos 2x 2 sin2x
The curve C2 has equation
y = sin 2x

(a) Show that the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of C1 and C2 satisfy
the equation
2 cos 2x sin 2x = 1 (3)

(b) Express 2 cos 2x sin 2x in the form R cos ( 2x + ) , where R > 0 and

0<< 2
, giving the exact value of R and giving in radians to 3 decimal
places. (4)

(c) Find the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of C1 and C2 in the

interval 0 x < , giving your answers in radians to 2 decimal places. (5)
Solution:

(a) Where C1 and C2 meet

cos 2x 2 sin2x = sin 2x
Using cos 2x 1 2 sin2x 2 sin2x cos 2x 1
So cos 2x + ( cos 2x 1 ) = sin 2x
2 cos 2x sin 2x = 1

(b) Let 2 cos 2x sin 2x R cos ( 2x + )

R cos 2x cos R sin 2x sin
Compare: R cos = 2, R sin = 1
1
Divide: tan = 2 = 0.464 (3 d.p.)

Square and add: R2 ( cos2 + sin2 ) = 22 + 12 = 5

R= 5
So 2 cos 2x sin 2x 5 cos ( 2x + 0.464 )

(c) 2 cos 2x sin 2x = 1

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 3 C3 Page 2 of 2

5 cos ( 2x + 0.464 ) = 1
1
cos 2x + 0.464 = 5

2x + 0.464 = 1.107 , 5.176 0.464 2x + 0.464 < 6.747
2x = 0.643, 4.712
x = 0.32, 2.36 (2 d.p.)
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Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Exercise A, Question 6

Question:

(a) Given that y = ln sec x, 2
<x 0, use the substitution u = sec x, or
dy
otherwise, to show that dx
= tan x. (3)

The curve C has equation y = tan x + ln sec x, 2
<x 0.
At the point P on C, whose x-coordinate is p, the gradient is 3.

(b) Show that tan p = 2. (6)

(c) Find the exact value of sec p, showing your working clearly. (2)

(d) Find the y-coordinate of P, in the form a + k ln b, where a, k and b are

rational numbers. (2)
Solution:

(a) y = ln sec x
du
Let u = sec x dx = sec x tan x
dy 1
so y = ln u du = u
dy dy du
Using dx = du dx
dy 1 1
dx = u sec x tan x = sec x sec x tan x = tan x

dy
(b) dx = sec2x + tan x

So sec2p + tan p = 3
1 + tan2p + tan p = 3
tan2p + tan p 2 = 0
( tan p 1 ) ( tan p + 2 ) = 0

As 2 <x 0 (4th quadrant), tan p is negative
So tan p = 2

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 3 C3 Page 2 of 2

(c) sec2p = 1 + tan2p = 5 sec p = + 5 (4th quadrant)

1
(d) y = ln 5 + ( 2 ) = 2 + 2 ln 5

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Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Exercise A, Question 7

Question:

The diagram shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation y = f ( x ) . The
curve has no further turning points.

On separate diagrams show a sketch of the curve with equation

(a) y = 2f ( x ) (3)

(b) y = | f ( 2x ) | (3)
In each case show the coordinates of points in which the curve meets the
coordinate axes.
The function g is given by
g : x | x + 1 | k , x , k > 1

(c) Sketch the graph of g, showing, in terms of k, the y-coordinate of the point of
intersection of the graph with the y-axis. (3)
Find, in terms of k,

(d) the range of g(x) (1)

(e) gf(0) (2)

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(f) the solution of g ( x ) = x (3)

Solution:

(a)

(b)

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 3 C3 Page 3 of 3

(c)

(d) g ( x ) k

(e) gf ( 0 ) = g ( 2 ) = | 1| k=1k

(f) y = x meets y = | x + 1 | k
where x = ( x + 1 ) k
2x = ( 1 + k )
1+k
x= 2

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