g]kfn /fhkq

g]kfn ;/sf/f/f k|sflzt

v08 ^&_ sf7df8f}+, j}zfv !) ut], @)&$ ;fn -k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s

efu @
g]kfn ;/sf/
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf]
Joj:yflksf;+;bn] agfPsf] tn n]lvP adf]lhdsf] P]g
;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
;+jt\ @)&$ sf] P]g g+= !
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL sfg"gdf ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f
ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgfM d'n'ssf] ;du| a}+ls tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLk|lt ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
ljZj;gLotf clej[l4 ug{, lgIf]kstf{sf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g
ug{, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?aLr :j:y k|lt:kwf{f/f u'0f:t/Lo tyf
e/kbf]{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo ;]jf pknAw u/fO{ /fli6o cy{tGqnfO{
;jn Pj+ ;'b[9 agfpg tyf ljQLo :yfloTj sfod ug{sf] nflu a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf, ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg, lgodg,
lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf ;+zf]wg /
PsLs/0f u/L ;dofg's"n agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf]n,]
 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf]
Joj:yflksf;+;bn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&# /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g g]kfn /fHoe/ nfu" x'g]5 / g]kfndf
:yflkt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfn aflx/ vf]n]sf zfvf jf
;Dks{ sfof{no ;d]tdf nfu" x'g]5 .
-#_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,
-s_ cbfnt eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] ;xdlt lnO{ g]kfn /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] cbfntsf]
jfl0fHo Ohnf; ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ cWoIf eGgfn]] ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
cWoIf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sfo{sf/L
cWoIf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-u_ Ohfhtkq eGgfn] /fi6 a}+sn] o; P]g
adf]lhd a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfddf hf/L u/]sf]
Ohfhtkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt sf/f]af/ eGgfn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd
Ohfhtkq lnO{ u/]sf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf eGgfn] o; P]g
adf]lhd a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
;Demg' k5{ .

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-r_ pNn]Vo :jfldTj eGgfn] s'g} JolQm jf
;+:yfn] PSn} jf cGo JolQm jf ;+:yf;Fu
ldnL ;+o'Qm ?kdf s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] b'O{ k|ltzt jf
;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] jf z]o/
:jfldTjsf sf/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yfkgdf k|efj kfg{ ;Sg]] cj:yf
;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ C0fL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6
shf{ lng] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf
;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ shf{ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL, ;+:yf jf cGo
Jofj;flos k|lti7fgnfO{ lglZrt cjlwleq
;fFjf, Aofh jf cGo b:t'/ a'emfpg] u/L
k|jfx ul/Psf] /sd, k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf
k|Tofe"lt, shf{sf] Aofh jf cGo b:t'/,
k'g{shf{, shf{sf] k'g;{+/rgf / gjLs/0f,
shf{ r'Qmfsf] nflu hf/L ul/Psf] hdfgL
tyf cGo jrga4tf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L tf]lslbPsf] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] C0f
;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
-em_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf ;~rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] k|d'v
sfo{sf/L clws[t ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf]
?kdf sfd ug]{ sfo{sf/L cWoIf / k|aGw
;~rfns ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-`_ sfof{no eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
/lhi68{ tyf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ /
;f] zAbn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfn /
3

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf] zfvf sfof{no tyf
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]] g]kfndf
/x]sf] zfvf sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-6_ v'b ;DklQ -g]6 jy{_ eGgfn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jf;nftdf /xg] ;DklQsf]
s'n hf]8df jfx\o bfloTjnfO{ 36fO{ sfod
x'g cfpg] /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-7_ u}/ sfo{sf/L ;~rfns eGgfn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{
sfo{sf/L ;~rfns afx]ssf] cGo ;~rfns
;Demg' k5{ .
-8_ rNtL vftf eGgfn] u|fxsn] rfx]sf]
avt hlxn] klg lemSg kfpg] u/L a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf /flvPsf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa
n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
-9_ r'Qmf k"FhL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
hf/L ePsf] k"FhLdWo] z]o/wgLsf] tkm{af6
r'Qmf ePsf] k"FhLsf] c+z ;Demg' k5{ .
-0f_ hf]lvdefl/t ;DklQ eGgfn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jf;nftleqsf] /
jf;nftaflx/sf] k|To]s zLif{sdf /x]sf]
/sdnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf
tf]lsPsf] hf]lvdef/n] u'0fg u/L
lgsflnPsf] s'n ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ .
-t_ t/n ;DklQ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] gub df}Hbft, rNtL vftfdf /x]sf]
df}Hbft, /fi6 a}+sdf /fv]sf] df}Hbft / /fi6
a}+sn] ;do ;dodf t/n ;DklQ egL
lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ .
-y_ tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd eGgfn]
o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod jf ljlgoddf
4

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .
-b_ lwtf]kq eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf
;+ul7t ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] z]o/, :6s,
a08, l8a]~r/, l8a]~r/ :6s jf ;fd"lxs
nufgL of]hgf ;DaGwL k|df0fkq jf g]kfn
;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
hdfgtdf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf]
k|df0fkq, artkq jf a08 ;Demg' k5{ /
;f] zAbn] lwtf]kq ahf/dfkm{t sf/f]af/ x'g
;Sg] jf x:tfGt/0f x'g ;Sg] egL lwtf]kq
af]8{n] tf]lslbPsf] cGo lwtf]kq jf To:tf]
lwtf]kq vl/b laqmL jf ljlgdo ug{ ;Sg]
clwsf/kq ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-w_ lgodfjnL eGgfn] sDkgL ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd agfOPsf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL ;Demg' k5{ .
-g_ lgIf]k eGgfn] Aofh jf ljgf Aofh lbg]
u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] rNtL, art jf
d'2tL vftfdf u|fxs dfkm{t hDdf ePsf]
/sd ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn]
;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] ljleGg a}+ls tyf ljQLo
pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 :jLsf/ u/]sf] /sd
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-k_ lgIf]k ;'/If0f eGgfn] bkmf !)* adf]lhd
lgIf]ksf] ;'/Iff Pj+ To:tf] lgIf]ksf] ;'/If0f
ug{] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-km_ kbflwsf/L eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, sDkgL ;lrj /
s'g} ljifodf lg0f{o ug{] clVtof/L k|fKt
clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-a_ kl/jf/ eGgfn] ;~rfnssf] klt jf kTgL,
5

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

5f]/f, a'xf/L, 5f]/L, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL, afa',
cfdf, ;f}t]gL cfdf / cfk"mn] kfngkf]if0f
ug'{ kg]{ bfh' efph', efO a'xf/L / lbbL
alxgL ;Demg' k5{ .
t/ ;f] zAbn] c+zj08f u/L dfgf]
5'lO{ cfcfgf] k]zf Joj;fo u/L a;]sf]
kl/jf/sf] ;b:onfO{ hgfpg] 5}g .
-e_ k"FhL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
clws[t k"FhL, hf/L k"FhL jf r'Qmf k"FhL
;Demg' k5{ .
-d_ k"FhLsf]if eGgfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|fylds
k"FhL / k"/s k"FhLsf] of]u ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf]
cGo sf]if jf /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-o_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s eGgfn] bkmf $( sf]
pkbkmf
-%_ df plNnlvt ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
;+:yfkgf ePsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s ;Demg'
k5{ .
-/_ k|tLtkq eGgfn] s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] s'g} csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
gfddf s'g} JolQmsf] lglZrt /sdn]
vfd];Ddsf] r]s, 8f6, jf ljlgd]okq
:jLsf/ ug'{ egL n]v]sf] kq ;Demg' k5{ .
-n_ k|aGwkq eGgfn] sDkgL ;DaGwL k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd agfOPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-j_ k|fylds k"FhL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhL, z]o/ lk|ldod, lkmtf{
gx'g] cu|flwsf/ z]o/, ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if
/ ;l~rt gfkmfgf]S;fg zLif{sdf /x]sf]
6

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

/sd ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn]
;do ;dodf k|fylds k"FhL egL
tf]lslbPsf] cGo zLif{sdf /x]sf] sf]if jf
/sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-z_ k|fKt ug{] ;+:yf eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt
ug{] d"n a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-if_ k|flKt ug{] -PSjLlh;g_ eGgfn] Pp6f
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] csf]{ Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf ;Defljt
bfloTjsf] x/lx;fa u/L Ohfhtkq k|fKt
;+:yfsf] sfg"gL x}l;ot ;dfKt x'g] u/L
cfkm"df ;dflxt ug{] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] nlIft ;+:yfn] k|fKt ug{] ;+:yfdf
ljno x'g' k"j{ u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ s/f/Lo bfloTj
;d]t :jLsf/ ug{] sfo{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-;_ art vftf eGgfn] u|fxsn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf artsf] lgldQ /fv]sf]
/sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf] vftf ;Demg'
k5{ .
-x_ a}+s eGgfn] bkmf $( sf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{
/ ;f] zAbn] g]kfndf /x]sf] ljb]zL a}+ssf]
zfvf sfof{no, g]kfndf :yflkt a}+sn]
g]kfn aflx/ vf]n]sf]] zfvf sfof{no tyf
bkmf $( sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd sfo{ ug]{
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s / ;f] sf] zfvf
sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-If_ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ eGgfn] bkmf
$( adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;Demg' k5{ .

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-q_ af]g; z]o/ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] d'gfkmfaf6 ePsf] art jf cGo
sf]ifnfO{ k"FhLs/0f u/L z]o/wgLnfO{
cltl/Qm z]o/sf] ?kdf hf/L ul/Psf] z]o/
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] art jf cGo
sf]ifnfO{ k"FhLs/0f u/L z]o/sf] r'Qmf /sd
j[l4 u/]sf] cj:yf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-1_ d'2tL vftf eGgfn] u|fxsn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf lglZrt cjlw;Dd
;fdfGotof lgIf]k lemSg gkfpg] u/L hDdf
u/L /fv]sf] /sdsf] x/lx;fa n]lvPsf]
cfjlws vftf ;Demg' k5{ .
-ss_ /fi6 a}+s P]g eGgfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g,
@)%* ;Demg' k5{ .
-sv_ /fi6 a}+s eGgfn] g]kfn /fi6 a}+s ;Demg'
k5{ .
-su_ nlIft ;+:yf eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd
k|fKt ug{] ;+:yfdf ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf
bfloTj ;d]t ;dflxt x'g hfg] Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-s3_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt eGgfn] bkmf ^)
adf]lhdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt ;Demg'
k5{ .
-s_ nfef+z eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
o; P]g tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lbg]
gub nfef+z, cGtl/d nfef+z jf af]g;
z]o/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-sr_ lnlSj8]6/ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
vf]/hL ug{] sfd sf/afxL ug{ cbfntsf]
cfb]z jf ;fx'x?sf] ;efaf6 kfl/t k|:tfj
adf]lhd lgo'Qm JolQm ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] lnlSj8]zgsf] sfd ug]{ sfof{no
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-s5_ lnlh eGgfn] lglZrt cjlwsf nflu
rn crn ;DklQsf] :jfldTj Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yf;Fu} /xg] u/L ef]uflwsf/ dfq
k|fKt u/L ;f] afkt lglZrt ;dotflnsfdf
u|fxsaf6 /sd a'emfpg] ;Demf}tf
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-sh_ jf;nft aflx/sf] sf/f]af/ eGgfn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] bfloTj Joxf]g'{ kg]{ ;Defjgf
ePsf] k|tLtkq, hdfgtkq, :jLsf/kq,
k|lta4tf, ljb]zL ljlgdo ;DaGwL :jfk,
cK;g, clu|d sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf
pks/0fsf] sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-sem_ ljQLo ;+:yf eGgfn] bkmf $( sf] pkbkmf
-@_, -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;+:yfkgf ePsf]
;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL, n3' ljQ ;+:yf jf
ljb]zL ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfndf /x]sf] zfvf
sfof{no / g]kfndf :yflkt ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
ljb]zdf /x]sf] zfvf sfof{no ;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
-s`_ ljQLo :jfy{ eGgfn] ;~rfns, Ps
k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf]
z]o/wgL jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf To:tf]
JolQmsf] kl/jf/ jf ;~rfns dgf]lgt ug]{
clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t
;+:yfn] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] bz k|ltzt jf
;f]eGbf a9L x'g] u/L 5'f5'} jf ;+o'Qm
?kdf z]o/ vl/b u/]df To:tf] JolQm jf
JolQmx?sf] bz k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L
z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] ;+:yfdf /x]sf]
lghx?sf] :jfy{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
9

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf ljQLo sf/f]af/sf]
k|s[lt / cj:yf x]/L ljQLo :jfy{ egL
tf]lslbPsf] :jfy{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-s6_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf
eGgfn] g]kfndf zfvf sfof{no vf]nL a}+ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ o; P]g adf]lhd
/fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt s'g} a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf ;Demg' k5{ .
-s7_ ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ eGGffn] 6]lnkmf]g,
6]n]S;, sDKo'6/ jf DofUg]l6s 6]k jf To:t}
k|sf/sf cGo ljB'tLo pks/0fsf]
dfWodaf6 lgIf]k lng], e'QmfgL lbg],
/sdfGt/ ug]{ sf/f]af/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] 6ld{gn, c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ d]l;g /
Sof; l8:k]lG; d]l;gsf] dfWodaf6 x'g]
sf/f]af/, rfh{ sf8{, 8]la6 jf q]ml86
sf8{af6 x'g] sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-s8_ ljj/0fkq eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
bkmf * adf]lhd k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0fkq
;Demg' k5{ .
-s9_ zfvf sfof{no eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] g]kfn / g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf] zfvf,
pkzfvf, k|zfvf, Onfsf, k|ltlglw jf
;Dks{ sfof{no tyf ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo
;:yfsf]] g]kfndf /x]sf] zfvf jf k|ltlglw
jf ;Dks{ jf cGo h'g;'s} sfof{no ;Demg'
k5{ .
-s0f_ z]o/ eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/
k"FhLsf] ljeflht c+z ;Demg' k5{ .
-st_ z]o/wgL eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
z]o/df :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-sy_ ;~rfns eGgfn] ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
10

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;b:o ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;~rfns
;ldltsf] cWoIf / j}slNks ;~rfns
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-sb_ ;~rfns ;ldlt eGgfn] bkmf !$
adf]lhd u7g ePsf]] ;~rfns ;ldlt
;Demg' k5{ .
-sw_ ;+:yfks eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{sf] nflu
k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf sDtLdf Ps
z]o/ lng dGh"/ u/L ;+:yfkssf] x}l;otn]
x:tfIf/ ug]{ JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-sg_ ;Da4 JolQm eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf lghsf]]
kl/jf/sf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj /x]sf] s'g} kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yf jf To:tf] kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfdf pNn]Vo :jfldTj /x]sf] s'g} JolQm,
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf jf ;f]df pNn]Vo
:jfldTj /fVg] ;f]sf] lxtflwsf/L ;Demg'
k5{ .
-sk_ :jtGq ;~rfns eGgfn] bkmf !$ sf]
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jtGq ;~rfnssf]
kbdf lgo'Qm JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-skm_ :j]lR5s vf/]hL eGgfn] kl/R5]b!!
adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :j]lR5s
vf/]hL x'g] cj:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-sa_ ;fx' eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ltg{'
a'emfpg' kg{] JolQm jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] vf/]hLsf]
k|of]hgsf nflu lgIf]kstf{ tyf l8a]~r/
xf]N8/nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-se_ xfOkf]lys];g shf{ eGgfn] dfnj:t'
:6ssf] ef]uflwsf/ ;DalGwt C0fLd} sfod
11

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

/fvL ;f]sf] lwtf]df a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf /
C0fLaLr ;Demf}tf eO{ k|jfx ul/Psf] shf{
;Demg' k5{ .

kl/R5]b@
Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf

#= Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd

a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{sf] nflu Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
;+:yfkgf ug{ rfxg] s'g} klg JolQmn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf]
?kdf btf{ u/fpg' kg{]5 .
t/ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt ;~rfngdf /x]sf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] of] pkbkmf adf]lhd btf{ ug{' kg{]
5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sDkgL btf{ ug{ k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd clVtof/ kfPsf] clwsf/Ln] sDkgL btf{ ubf{
bkmf $ sf] cwLgdf /xL ug'{ kg]{5 .
$= Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ M
-!_ bkmf # sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ug{ lgj]bg lbg' cl3 ;DalGwt JolQm
jf ;+:yfn] b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg u/L /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]
b:t'/ ;lxt k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_ k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
k|aGwkq,
-v_ k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
lgodfjnL,
-u_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg,
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf
lgj]bssf] JolQmut ljj/0f,

12

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-_ k|:tfljt Af}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
;+:yfkgf ug{ lgj]bsaLr s'g}
;Demf}tf ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf]
;Demf}tfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk,
-r_ lgj]bssf] nufgLsf] >f]t v'n]sf]
ljj/0f / o; bkmf adf]lhd lgj]bg
lbg' eGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] cfly{s
jif{;Ddsf] s/ r'Qmf u/]sf] k|df0f,
-5_ lgj]bs g]kfn jf ljb]zdf
bfdf;fxLdf k/] gk/]sf], s'g} a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnP
glnPsf], a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fusf]
s'g} sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rLdf k/]
gk/]sf], k/]sf] eP ;f] k'ms'jf eO{
tLg jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eP
gePsf] ljj/0f,
-h_ lgj]bssf] lj?4 7uL, hfn;fhL, jf
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s;'/
dflgg] sfo{df g]kfn jf ljb]zdf
s'g} sf/afxL grn]sf] Pj+ To:tf]
s;'/hGo sfo{df ;hfo gkfPsf]
:j3f]if0ff,
-em_ lgj]bs g]kfn jf ljb]zsf] s'g} klg
lgodgsf/L jf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{
lgsfo jf clwsf/Laf6 sf/afxLdf
k/] gk/]sf], lgh ;+nUg /x]sf]
sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkq
lgnDag jf /2 ePsf] jf
afWofTds vf/]hLdf k/]sf] jf kg]{
qmddf /x] g/x]sf] ljj/0f,
-`_ lgj]bssf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] gfd,
y/ / gftf tyf pNn]Vo :jfldTj
jf pNn]Vo x}l;otsf] ljj/0f /
13

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

lghx? s'g} ;+:yfdf ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd
u/]sf] eP k|To]s JolQmsf] bhf{
;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] ljj/0f,
t/, lgj]bs ;+ul7t ;+:yf
ePdf ;f] ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf pNn]Vo
:jfldTj jf x}l;ot /fVg] JolQmsf]
ljj/0f, kl5NNff] tLg cfly{s jif{sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] ljQLo ljj/0f
/ ;f] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] s/ r'Qmf
k|df0fkq ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-6_ lgj]bssf] ljQLo tyf Jofj;flos
k[i7e"ldsf] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em ug{
jf u/fpg jf To:tf] ;"rgf tyf
hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg ug{ u/fpg
/fi6 a}+snfO{ lbPsf] lnlvt
clVtof/L,
-7_ /fi6 a}+saf6 tf]lsPsf] ;Ldf;Ddsf]
lgIf]k ;'/If0f ug{] k|lta4tf,
-8_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f tyf
sfuhft .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu k|fKt
lgj]bg / ;f] ;fy ;+nUg sfuhftsf] hfFra'em ubf{ :jLs[lt
lbg pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL
To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps;o aL; lbgleq To:tf] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf JolQm / lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] pNn]Vo
:jfldTj ePsf] kmd{ jf sDkgLnfO{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lbOg] 5}g M

14

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-s_ /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodgsf/L sf/afxLdf
k/]sf],
-v_ a}+ls s;'/df ;hfo kfPsf],
-u_ 7uL, hfn;fhL, lst]{df ;hfo
kfPsf],
-3_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL
lqmofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
;DaGwL s;'/df ;hfo kfPsf],
-_ e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL s;'/df ;hfo
ePsf],
-r_ dfgj a]rlavg, ckx/0f,
z/L/aGws, hj/h:tL s/0fL h:tf
uDeL/ k|s[ltsf s;'/df ;hfo
kfPsf] .
%= ljb]zL nufgLdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{
:jLs[lt lng' kg{] M -!_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
g]kfndf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf g]kfnL
gful/s;Fu ldnL ;+o'Qm nufgLdf jf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] z]o/ :jfldTj sfod x'g] u/L ;xfos sDkgLsf]
?kdf o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{
k"j{ :jLs[lt lng] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbFbf bkmf $ sf]
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt sfuhftx?sf cltl/Qm /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] b:t'/ ;lxt b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft tyf ljj/0f
;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL tyf ;DalGwt
d'n'sdf pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk /
k"FhL ;+/rgf,
-v_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;DalGwt d'n'sdf a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ k|fKt
u/]sf] Ohfhtkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
15

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-u_ sf/f]af/ ug]{ d'Vo :yfg ;DaGwL
ljj/0f,
-3_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] kl5Nnf] tLg
cfly{s jif{sf] jf;nft / gfkmf
gf]S;fg lx;fasf] k|dfl0ft
k|ltlnlk,
-_ g]kfndf k|:tfljt Joj;fosf]
of]hgf, Jofj;flos /0fgLlt tyf
;~rfng ug]{ sf/f]af/sf] lsl;d,
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f / hf]lvd
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-r_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd
g]kfndf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf]Ng
u/]sf] lg0f{o / To:tf] d'n'ssf]
lgodgsf/L lgsfon] lbPsf]
clVtof/L .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu k|fKt
lgj]bg / ;f] ;fy ;+nUg sfuhftsf] hfFra'em ubf{ :jLs[lt
lbg pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL
To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps;o aL; lbgleq ljb]zL a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ tf]lslbPsf] ;Ldf;Ddsf] z]o/ nufgL jf
;+o'Qm nufgLdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{
:jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+saf6 k"j{
:jLs[lt lnO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] :jb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;+o'Qm
nufgLsf] ?kdf z]o/ :jfldTj lng ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg of] P]g k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} ljb]zL ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf

16

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

u/]sf] nufgL ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf oyfjt sfod
/x]sf] dflgG5 .
^= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng k"j{ :jLs[lt
lng' kg{] M -!_ cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t -OG6/g]Zgn /]6]8_ s'g}
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfnleq a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ jf u}/ a}+ls ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ zfvf
sfof{no vf]Ng rfx]df To:tf] zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng' k"j{ /fi6
a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] k"FhL tyf b:t'/ ;lxt /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbFbf To:tf] ljb]zL
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt
ljj/0f tyf sfuhftsf] cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhdsf yk
sfuhft tyf ljj/0f ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfnl:yt
zfvf jf k|ltlglw jf ;Dks{ sfof{non]
ug]{ Jofj;flos sfd sf/afxLsf]
;DaGwdf cfgf] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj k"/f ug{
cfjZos x'g] /sd /fi6 a}+sn] dfu u/]sf]
avt pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwdf
;~rfns ;ldltn] u/]sf] lnlvt
k|lta4tf,
-v_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|:tfljt
zfvf sfof{no /xg] :yfgsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|:tfljt
zfvf sfof{nosf] ;Defljt kbflwsf/Lsf]
ljj/0f .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf sfuhft jf
ljj/0f hfFra'em ubf{ yk sfuhft jf ljj/0f dfu ug{' kg{]
b]lvPdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;DalGwt lgj]bsaf6 cfjZos sfuhft
jf ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
17

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] yk sfuhft tyf
pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] sfuhft dfluPsf]df To:tf]
sfuhft k|fKt ePkl5 k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ hfFrj'em ubf{ k"j{
:jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} zt{ tf]sL jf
gtf]sL To;/L lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] Ps;o aL; lbgleq
To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ g]kfndf zfvf
sfof{no vf]Ng :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]
kl5 To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sDkgL
sfg"g adf]lhd zfvf sfof{no btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ljb]zL a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf sfof{non] g]kfndf a}ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{] :jLs[ltsf] nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] z'Ns jf
b:t'/ ;lxt b]xfosf sfuhft tyf ljj/0f ;+nUg u/L /fi6
a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg k]z ug{' kg{]5 M
-s_ zfvf sfof{nosf] ?kdf g]kfndf
a+}ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
k|rlnt sDkgL sfg"g adf]lhd btf{
ePsf] btf{ k|df0fkq,
-v_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd
To:tf] d'n'ssf] ;/sf/ jf s]Gb|Lo
a}+s jf lgodg ug]{ lgsfon] To:tf]
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
g]kfndf zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng
lbPsf] :jLs[lt jf ;xdlt kq .
-u_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
zfvf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ /fi6
a}+sdf lgj]bg k]z u/]kl5 jf /fi6
a}+saf6 k"j{ :jLs[lt lnPkl5 To:tf]
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o;
P]g adf]lhd k"/f ug'{ kg]{ s'g}

18

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

s'/fdf km/s k/]sf] eP ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] dfu u/] adf]lhdsf]
cGo hfgsf/L tyf ljj/0f .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg pk/
hfFra'em ubf{ :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn]
To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf sfof{nonfO{
g]kfndf a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ lgj]bg k]z ePsf]
ldltn] gAa] lbgleq :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|bfg ubf{ /fi6
a}+sn] cfjZos zt{ ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt
lnO{ g]kfn aflx/ zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng ;Sg]5 .
-!!_ pkbkmf -!)_ adf]lhd g]kfn aflx/ zfvf
sfof{no vf]Ng] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
cfjZos gLlt agfpg]5 .
&= k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf]
cj:yfdf s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf ug{ jf
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf sfof{no vf]Ngsf nflu
k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
gfd jf To:tf] ;+:yfn] ug]{ a}+ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;fj{hlgs
lxt, wd{, hfthflt jf ;Dk|bfo
cflbsf] b[li6sf]0fn] jf~5gLo
gb]lvPdf,
-v_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
p2]Zo k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt
ePdf,

19

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-u_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
;+:yfkgf ug{ k|fljlws
b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm gb]lvPdf,
-3_ k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
k]z u/]sf] ;DefJotf cWoog
k|ltj]bg, ljj/0f tyf sfuhft /
cGo k"jf{wf/nfO{ cWoog ubf{
ljQLo sf/f]af/ :j:y /
k|lt:kwf{Tds 9+uaf6 ;~rfng ug]{
s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg] cfwf/
gePdf,
-_ k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLdf k|:tfljt
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;a}
;+:yfksn] cfgf] gfd, 7]ufgf
cfk"mn] lng] z]o/ ;+Vof ;d]t
v'nfO{ ;fIfLsf] /f]xj/df ;xL5fk
u/L ;f] ;fIfLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf ;d]t
gv'nfPdf,
-r_ k|lt JolQm z]o/ nufgL ;Ldf /
z]o/ :jfldTj cg'kft ;do
;dodf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd
/x]sf] gkfOPdf,
-5_ /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] a+}s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf tyf
Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL gLlt ljk/Lt
ePsf] kfOPdf,
-h_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo zt{ k"/f
u/]sf] gkfOPdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} cj:yf k/L
k|:tfljt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] k"j{ :jLs[lt
lbg OGsf/ u/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bsnfO{ hfgsf/L
lbg' kg]{5 .
20

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

kl/R5]b#
lwtf]kqsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf

*= ljj/0fkq M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lwtf]kqsf] ;fj{hlgs

lgisfzg ug'{ cufj} lwtf]kq ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L cfkm\gf]] ljj/0fkq /fi6 a}+s
;dIf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljj/0fkq btf{ gu/fP;Dd
;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
tk{maf6 s;}n] klg To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljj/0fkq
k|sfzg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
lwtf]kq af]8{af6 ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf :jLs[lt k|bfg
u/]sf] hfgsf/L lnlvt ?kdf k|fKt gu/];Dd /fi6 a}+sn]
To:tf] ljj/0fkq btf{ ug]{ 5}g .
(= z]o/sf] afF8kmfF6 M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] s"n
hf/L k"FhLsf] sDtLdf tL; k|ltzt z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{
laqmL ljt/0f ug{sf] nflu 5'6\ofpg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;j{;fwf/0f
eGgfn] k|fs[lts JolQmnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 5'6\ofPsf]
z]o/ tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug'{
kg]{5 . o;/L laqmL ubf{ laqmL gePsf] To:tf] z]o/ cGo
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ df
plNnlvt xb afx]ssf] )=% k|ltzt z]o/ sd{rf/Lsf] nflu
5'6\ofpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] rfx]df /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] k|lqmof k'/f u/L ;+:yfks z]o/ ;d"xsf] :jfldTj
PsfpGg k|ltzteGbf sd gx'g] u/L afFsL c+z ;j{;fwf/0f
z]o/ ;d"xdf kl/0ft ug{ ;Sg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu,
21

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-s_ ;+:yfks z]o/ ;d"x eGgfn] /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] ;+:yfks z]o/ ;d"x ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/ ;d"x eGgfn] ;+:yfks z]o/
;d"x afx]ssf] cGo z]o/ ;d"x ;Demg' k5{ .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pNn]Vo :jfldTjdf ;+:yfkgf x'g] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a+}ssf] xsdf z]o/
:jfldTjsf] cg'kft pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd x'g cfjZos kg]{
5}g .
-^_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf cGo s'g}
ljb]zL ;+:yfsf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;+:yfkgf ePsf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf jf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ vl/bsf] nflu
;j{;fwf/0faf6 b/vf:t cfXjfg ubf{ z]o/sf] c+lst d"Nosf]
zt k|ltzt /sd b/vf:t ;fy dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf]
lwtf]kq ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgisfzg ubf{ To:tf] lwtf]kqsf]
laqmL, afF8kmfF6, ljlgd]o ;DaGwL sfo{ lwtf]kq ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} lwtf]kq Joj;foL
;+:yf dfk{mt lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf u/]sf]
;Demf}tfsf] Ps k|lt To:tf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ;ft
lbgleq /fi6 a}+s ;dIf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} klg k|sf/sf]
l8a]~r/ jf ljQLo pks/0f hf/L ubf{ /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{
:jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt lbFbf /fi6 a}+sn]
cfjZos zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] zt{sf] kfngf ug'{
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!!= z]o/ laqmL jf lwtf]aGws ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf]
22

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

sDtLdf kfFr jif{ gk'u];Dd cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL
ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfngdf s'g} afwf Jojwfg
pTkGg eO{ ljz]if kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g uPdf jf ;+:yfks
cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/df sfnf];"rLdf
;dfj]z x'g k'u]df /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;+:yfksx?aLr
Ps cfk;df z]o/ vl/b jf laqmL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if
kl/l:ylt eGgfn] u0fk"/s ;+Vofsf] cefjn] ;~rfns
;ldltsf] a}7s nuftf/ tLg k6s;Dd a:g g;s]sf] jf
;~rfnssf] cfk;L ljjfbsf] sf/0fn] s'g} klg lg0f{odf k'Ug
g;s]sf] cj:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ ;+:yfksn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/
;~rfng u/]sf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ k'u]kl5 / ;j{;fwf/0fdf
z]o/ hf/L u/]kl5 cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf
lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ laqmL
u/]sf] To:tf] z]o/ ;+:yfks ;d"xdf g} /xg] u/L laqmL ug{
jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;Sg]5 .
t/ r'Qmf k"FhLsf] b'O{ k|ltzteGbf sd z]o/ wf/0f
ug{] ;+:yfksn] cfgf] z]o/ laqmL jf lwtf] aGws /fVbf /fi6
a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng cfjZos kg{] 5}g .
-$_ bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -!_ / pkbkmf -@_ df
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] bz jif{ k'u]kl5 k"FhL ahf/, a}+ls
nufot ;du| ljQLo If]qdf kg]{ k|efj ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L
/fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[ltdf ;+:yfks z]o/ qmdzM ;j{;fwf/0f
z]o/df kl/0ft ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ ;+:yfkssf] z]o/ s'g} sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn]
lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] pNn]Vo
:jfldTj ePsf z]o/wgLx?df x]/km]/, z]o/ laqmL jf
x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .

23

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Stf k"FhLsf] b'O{
k|ltzteGbf sd z]o/ wf/0f ug{] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn]]
z]o/ laqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt
lng cfjZos kg{] 5}g .
!@= lwtf]kq sf/f]af/ ug{df aGb]h M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, n]vfk/LIfs, sDkgL ;lrj jf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf ;DaGwL
sfo{df k|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg JolQmn] To:tf] kbdf axfn
/xFbfsf avt jf To:tf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn]
Ps jif{;Dd ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf]
;xfos sDkgLsf] lwtf]kq cfgf] jf cfgf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o
jf cGo s'g} klg JolQm jf To:tf JolQmsf] lgoGq0fdf
/x]sf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf jf cGo JolQmnfO{
vl/b laqmL ug{ u/fpg, ug{ lbg, lwtf]aGws /fVg, /fVg
nufpg jf bfg as; lng, lbg, x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf n]gb]g
ug{ x'Fb}g .
t/ af]g; z]o/, xsk|b z]o/, sd{rf/LnfO{
5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ jf gofF z]o/ hf/L x'Fbf jf /fi6 a}+ssf]
lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ubf{ jf s'g} ;~rfns jf ;~rfns
lgo'Qm ug{] clwsf/ kfPsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] s'g} a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ laqmL ubf{
jf kl/R5]b!) adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf Ps cfk;df
ufEbf ufleFbf jf Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf{] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ubf{ jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfngdf s'g} afwf Jojwfg pTkGg ePdf /fi6 a}+ssf]
:jLs[lt lnO{ ;+:yfks ;~rfns jf ;~rfnsaLr Ps
cfk;df lwtf]kq vl/b laqmL ug{ jf ;d:ofu|:t a}+ssf]
;'wf/fTds jf km/kmf/vsf] k|lqmofdf x'g] z]o/sf] vl/b
laqmL jf x:TffGt/0f ug]{ u/fpg] sfdsf/afxLnfO{ of]
pkbkmfn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s;}n] pkbkmf -!_ sf] ljk/Lt s'g} sfd u/]df
To:tf] lwtf]kq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hkmt u/L
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd laqmL ljt/0f ug{' kg{]5 .

24

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

!#= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ gx'g] M
-!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{ jf
hdfgtdf /fvL shf{ lbg x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;DalGwt a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L
nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f x'g ;Sg] ;l~rt d'gfkmfsf]
/sdaf6 cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf]
z]o/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd e'QmfgL eO{
;s]sf] eP,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf]
z]o/ lwtf]kq ahf/df ;"rLs[t eO{
;s]sf] eP,
-u_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yf ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] lgodfjnLdf ePsf] eP,
-3_ cfgf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{ ;Sg]
u/L ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljz]if
k|:tfj kfl/t ePsf] eP,
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] r'Qmf ug'{
kg]{ C0f /sd a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b
u/L ;s]kl5 kF"hL tyf ;fwf/0f
hu]8f sf]ifsf] /sdsf] cg'kftdf
bf]Aa/eGbf a9L gx'g] eP,
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu C0f /sd
eGgfn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]

25

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

lnPsf] ;'/lIft tyf c;'/lIft
;Dk"0f{ shf{ /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] vl/b ug]{
cfgf] z]o/sf] /sd s'n r'Qmf
k"FhL tyf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifsf]
/sdsf] aL; k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g]
eP,
-5_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ubf{ /fi6
a}+saf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
hf/L k"FhLsf]if ;DaGwL lgb{]zgsf]
kfngf x'g] eP,
-h_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug]{
;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg k|lts"n gx'g]
eP .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] z]o/ cfkm} vl/b ug{] :jLs[ltsf nflu
b]xfosf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug'{ kg]{
sf/0f, cfjZostf, ;dofjlw /
tl/sf,
-v_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b u/]sf]
sf/0faf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
ljQLo l:yltdf kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt
k|efj d"Nofgsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ vl/b ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] z]o/sf]
lsl;d, z]o/sf] k|lt lsQf d"No /
z]o/ ;+Vof,
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] z]o/ vl/b
ug{ nfUg] clwstd jf Go"gtd
/sd / ;f]sf] ;|f]t,

26

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-_ cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug]{
;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo
ljj/0f,
-r_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd v'nfpg'
kg]{ cGo cfjZos ljj/0f .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg / ;f] ;fy
;+nUg ljj/0fsf] hfFra'em ubf{ :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm x'g]
b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf]
z]o/ cfk}m vl/b ug{] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt ePkl5
To:tf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf jf ;fwf/0f
;efaf6 ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] afx| dlxgfdWo] h'g
kl5Nnf] x'G5 ;f] cjlwleq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
b]xfosf] s'g} pkfoaf6 cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ lwtf]kq ahf/ dfk{mt vl/b u/]/,
-v_ tTsfn sfod /x]sf] z]o/wgLaf6
;dfg'kflts ?kdf vl/b u/]/ .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b u/]sf]df To:tf] z]o/ vl/b u/]sf]
ldltn] tL; lbgleq cfk"mn] vl/b u/]sf] z]o/ ;+Vof, ;f]
afkt e'QmfgL /sd / cGo cfjZos ljj/0fx?sf] hfgsf/L
/fi6 a}+snfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cfgf] z]o/ cfk+m}n] vl/b
u/]sf] c+lst d"No a/fa/sf] /sd r'Qmf k"FhLaf6 36fO{ 5'}
k"FhL lkmtf{ hu]8f sf]if v8f u/L ;f] sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{
kg]{5 / ;f] sf]ifsf] /sdnfO{ r'Qmf k"FhL ;/x sfod /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfgf] z]o/ cfk+m}n] vl/b u/]sf]df cfk"mn] vl/b u/] hlt
z]o/ To;/L vl/b u/]sf] ldltn] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq /2
ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
27

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-(_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] z]o/ cfk}mn] vl/b
ug{] ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b$
;~rfns ;ldlt / sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!$= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf

sDtLdf kfFr / a9Ldf ;ft hgf ;~rfnsx? /x]sf] Ps
;~rfns ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm o; P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf]
cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] ug{]5 .
t/,
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|yd
jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Ddsf]
cjlwsf] nflu ;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm
;+:yfksf/f ul/g]5 .
-v_ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf
cufj} s'g} ;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm
x'g cfPdf csf]{ jflif{s ;fwf/0f
;ef geP;Ddsf] nflu
;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ;~rfns
;ldltf/f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-u_ s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] z]o/ lnPsf]
ePdf ;f] ;+:yfn] z]o/sf]
cg'kftdf x'g cfpg] ;~rfns
dgf]gog ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L
dgf]gog ubf{ Pp6} JolQmnfO{
PseGbf a9L a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf dgf]gog ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-3_ v08 -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf ;~rfns /x]sf] JolQm

28

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sdf ;~rfns
x'g eg] o; Joj:yfn] afwf
k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] bkmf !& adf]lhdsf]] of]Uotf
tyf cg'ej ePsf JolQmdWo]af6 sDtLdf Ps hgf :jtGq
;~rfns lgo'lQm u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L To:tf] lgo'lQm kl5
a:g] klxnf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ a+}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, ;~rfns jf
z"Go bzdnj Ps k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] z]o/wgL
tyf lghsf] kl/jf/ :jtGq ;~rfns x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg Ps kl/jf/af6 Ps a+}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf Ps}k6s
PseGbf a9L JolQm ;~rfns x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-%_ ;~rfnsn] cfk"mdWo] ax'dtaf6 5fg]sf] JolQm
;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf x'g]5 .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ lnPsf] sDkgL,
;+ul7t ;+:yf, ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfk"mn] lnPsf]
z]o/sf] cg'kftdf ;~rfns lgo'lQm ubf{ ;~rfnssf]
cltl/Qm lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] u/L j}slNks
;~rfns ;d]t lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%= ;~rfnssf] kbfjlw M -!_ ;~rfnssf] sfo{sfn
lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 /
lgh k'gM lgo'lQm tyf dgf]lgt x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/ :jtGq ;~rfns Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu dfq
lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 lgo'Qm ePsf] sfo{sf/L cWoIf jf
k|aGw ;+rfns nuftf/ b'O{ sfo{sfn;Dd dfq /xg ;Sg]5
.
!^= ;~rfnssf] of]Uotf M -!_ ;~rfnssf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g]
JolQmsf] of]Uotf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g'kg]{5 M

29

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-s_ ljb]zL jf :jb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf
;DalGwt If]qsf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns jf
kbflwsf/L txdf jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clws[t
:t/df sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf], jf
-v_ :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf] / ljb]zL jf :jb]zL
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;DalGwt If]qsf
;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns jf kbflwsf/L txdf
jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sDtLdf clws[t :t/df
sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf], jf
-u_ tf]lsP adf]lhd ;DalGwt ljifodf :gftsf]Q/
pkflw xfl;n u/]sf] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnssf] z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf
cg'ej /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ :jtGq ;~rfnssf] of]Uotf bkmf !& adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!&= :jtGq ;~rfnssf] of]Uotf M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] :jtGq
;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm ubf{ b]xfosf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej k|fKt
JolQm dWo]af6 ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ s ju{sf] a}+s jf v ju{sf] /fli6o:t/sf]
ljsf; a}+ssf] xsdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ u/L /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]
adf]lhd cg'ej k|fKt JolQm,
-v_ v ju{sf] /fli6o:t/sf] ljsf; a}+s afx]s
v ju{sf] cGo ljsf; a}+s Pj+ u ju{sf]
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]
ljifodf :gfts u/L /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]
adf]lhd cg'ej k|fKt JolQm,
-u_ 3 ju{sf] n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd of]Uotf tyf
cg'ej k|fKt JolQm .

30

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

!*= ;~rfnssf] cof]Uotf M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfns x'g b]xfosf] JolQm of]Uo x'g] 5}gM
-s_ @% jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf],
-v_ duh lalu|Psf] jf dfgl;s
;Gt'ng 7Ls gePsf],
-u_ g]kfnleq jf ljb]zdf shf{ ltg{
g;sL ;fx'sf] bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf],
-3_ g]kfnleq jf ljb]zdf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf;Fusf] s'g} sf/f]af/df
sfnf];"rL jf l8kmN6/df k/L ;f]
sfnf];"rL jf l8kmN6/af6 k'ms'jf
ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf tLg jif{ k"/f
gePsf],
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] lgIf]k ;+sng ug]{ tyf
ladf ;DaGwL Joj;fo ;~rfng
ug]{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf
;~rfns jf sd{rf/L,
-r_ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
C0fL jf axfnjfnf n]vfk/LIfs jf
;Nnfxsf/ jf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf;Fu s'g} lsl;dsf] 7]Ssf
kfdf lx:;]bf/ /x]sf] jf lghL
:jfy{ /x]sf] JolQm, kmd{ / sDkgL,
-5_ lwtf]kq Joj;foLsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug{
lwtf]kq ahf/sf] ;b:otf k|fKt
u/]sf] jf dr{]06 a}+s/,
-h_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf]
;+rfnsdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm,
-em_ z]o/ :jfldTjsf sf/0fn] ;~rfns
x'g ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] lgodfjnL adf]lhd
31

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;~rfns x'gsf] nflu lng'kg]{
Go"gtd z]o/ glnPsf] JolQm,
-`_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
:jfldTj k|fKt ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf
/fi6 a}+s jf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf sd{rf/L,
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] :jfldTj k|fKt ;+:yfn]
z]o/ vl/b u/]sf] jf /fi6 a}+s jf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] z]o/ vl/b
u/]sf] n3'ljQ ;+:yf jf k"jf{wf/
ljsf; a}+sdf ;~rfns dgf]lgt
ug{ o; Joj:yfn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg]] 5}g .
-6_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ltg'{ kg]{
s/ r'Qmf gu/]sf],
-7_ rf]/L, 7uL, lst]{, hfn;fhL,
e|i6frf/, g}lts ktg b]lvg] s'g}
klg kmf}hbf/L s;'/ jf a}+ls s;'/
u/]sf] cleof]udf g]kfn jf ljb]zL
d'ns' sf] cbfntaf6 s;'/bf/ 7x/
eO{ ;hfo e'Qmfg ePsf] bz jif{
cjlw Joltt gePsf],
-8_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lgodgsf/L
lgsfon] sfg"g ljk/Lt sfo{ u/]sf]
egL sf/afxL u/]sf] jf To:tf]
sf/afxL ePsf] kfFr jif{ cjlw
Joltt gePsf]],
-9_ :jtGq ;~rfnssf] xsdf lgh
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;+:yfks jf z'Go bzdnj Ps
k|ltzt eGbf a9L z]o/ :jfldTj
/x]sf],
32

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-0f_ cbfntsf] km};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf]
s}b, hl/afgf ltg{ a'emfpg afFsL
/x]sf], ;/sf/L afFsL ltg{ a'emfpg
afFsL /x]sf] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -_ df h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L jf
sd{rf/Ln] ;f]xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf]
;~rfns eO{ sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!(= ;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn /xg g;Sg] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf
cj:yfdf s'g} klg JolQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfnssf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g M
-s_ bkmf !^ jf !& adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf
gePdf jf bkmf !* adf]lhd
cof]Uo ePdf,
-v_ h'g ;d"xaf6 ;~rfns lgo'lQm
ePsf] xf] ;f]xL ;d"xsf] sDtLdf
PsfpGg k|ltzt z]o/sf]
k|ltlglwTj x'g] z]o/wgLn]
;~rfnssf] kbaf6 x6fpg
;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj
ax'dtn] kfl/t u/]df,
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf
nflu ;d"x eGgfn] ;+:yfks /
;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgLsf] ;d"x
;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ ;~rfnsn] cfgf] kbaf6 lbPsf]
/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePdf,
-3_ o; P]g jf /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg
adf]lhd ;~rfnsn] ug{ gx'g] s'g}
sfo{ u/]df,
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf
lgIf]kstf{sf] xslxt ljk/Lt sfo{
33

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

u/]sf] sf/0f lgh a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;~rfns kbdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ cof]Uo /x]sf] egL
/fi6 a}+sn] lghnfO{ x6fpg
lgb]{zg lbPdf .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] s'g} ;~rfns
o; P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd ;f] kbdf axfn /xg
cof]Uo 5 eGg] nfu]df jf ;~rfns kbdf axfn g/x]df
To;sf] kGw| lbgleq /fi6 a}+snfO{ lnlvt ?kdf hfgsf/L
lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd kbdf axfn /xg cof]Uo
5 egL n]vL cfPsf] ;~rfnssf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn]
cfjZos hfFra'em u/L pko'Qm lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
@)= ;+j}wflgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf M ;+j}wflgs
kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm To:tf] kbdf axfn /x'~h]n s'g} klg
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf / sfo{sf/L
k|d'vsf] kbdf a:g ;Sg] 5}g .
@!= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s
jif{df sDtLdf afx| k6s a:g' kg]{5 .
t/, b'O{ j6f a}7ssf] aLrsf] km/s ;f7L lbgeGbf
a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ ;~rfnsn] a}7sdf 5nkmn
ug{' kg{] ljifo ;d]t v'nfO{ lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]df cWoIfn]
h'g;'s} avt ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ cWoIfn] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf
ug]{5 . cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;~rfnsn] cfk"mdWo]af6
ax'dtn] 5fg]sf] ;~rfnsn]] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-$_ s'n ;~rfns ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf PsfpGg
k|ltzt ;~rfns pkl:yt geO{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s
a:g] 5}g .

34

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-%_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o
dfGo x'g]5 / dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIftf ug{] JolQmn]
lg0ff{os dt lbg kfpg]5 .
-^_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt
;~rfnssf] gfd, 5nkmn ePsf] ljifo / tt\;DaGwdf
ePsf] lg0f{osf] dfOGo'6sf] 5'} clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f]
clen]vdf a}7sdf pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;~rfnsn] ;xL u/]sf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{odf s'g} ;~rfnsn]
km/s dt /fVg rfx]df ;f] km/s dt lghn] ;xL u/L lg0f{o
k'l:tsfdf clen]v ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@@= ;~rfns ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g] sfd afx]s o; P]g,
k|rlnt sfg"g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
;~rfns ;ldltdf lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;du| hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
u/L lgIf]kstf{, u|fxsju{ tyf ;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgLsf] lxtdf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng ug{' Pj+ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf pko'Qm ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod u/L lgIf]k lng],
shf{ lbg], nufgL ug{], sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg ug{] / ah]6 vr{
ug{] h:tf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] b}lgs sfd sf/f]af/df
x:tIf]k gug{] ljifosf] k|Tofe"lt ug{' ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
-#_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd
;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ o;
P]g, k|rlnt sfg"g tyf /fi6 a}+ssf]
lgb{]zgsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos
ljlgod, lgb]{lzsf / sfo{ljlw agfO{
nfu" ug]{,

35

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df
hf]lvd jf hf]lvdhGo kl/l:ylt
pTkGg x'g glbg cfgf] gLlt /
/0fgLlt cg'?k a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ xf]l;of/Lk"j{s ;~rfng ug{
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL Pj+ hf]lvd
Joj:yfkg dfkb08 tof/ u/L nfu"
ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug{' kg{] ;Dk"0f{
sfd sf/afxLsf] nflu cfjZos
gLltut Joj:yf ug{], sfd
sf/afxLsf] lgoldt cg'udg u/L a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf Jojl:yt /
ljj]szLn ta/af6 ;~rfng ug{]
u/fpg],
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :ki6
;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf tof/ ug]{, gLlt
th'{df ug{] / sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z
ug]{,
-r_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s]
adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
@#= ;~rfnssf] hjfkmb]xL / pQ/bfloTj M -!_ ;~rfnsn] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf dfk{mt jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf JolQmut nfe lng] s'g} sfd ug{ u/fpg x'Fb}g .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnssf] x}l;otn]
sfd ug]{ ;~rfns cfgf] clwsf/If]q gf3L u/]sf] s'g} klg
sfd sf/afxL k|lt :jo+ pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfnsn] ;+:yfsf]
s'zn Jofj;flos /0fgLltsf] cjnDag u/L hf]lvd
36

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

Joj:yfkg tyf cfGtl/s lgoGq0f ug{] ;DaGwdf
pQ/bfloTj lng' kg{]5 .
-$_ ;~rfnsn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yfkgsf] b}lgs sfd sf/afxLdf x:tI]fk ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-%_ ;~rfnsn] /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lbPsf]
lgb]{zgsf] k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
@$= ;~rfnssf] ljj/0f lng' kg{] M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
;~rfnssf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f lng' kg{]5 M
-s_ ;~rfnssf] gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, z}lIfs
of]Uotf, k]zf / cg'ej,
-v_ cGo s'g} lgsfosf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L
jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] bhf{
/ lhDd]jf/L pNn]v ul/Psf] ljj/0f,
-u_ ;~rfnssf] kl/jf/sf] gfd, y/ Pj+ ;Da4
JolQmsf] ljj/0f tyf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
/ cGo lgsfodf lgh / lghsf] kl/jf/sf]
ljQLo :jfy{, lgh / lghsf] kl/jf/sf]
gfddf /x]sf] pQm ;+:yfsf] z]o/ :jfldTj,
-3_ ;~rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] d'Vo jf ;xfos
sDkgLdf lnPsf] z]o/ jf l8a]~r/sf]
ljj/0f,
-_ kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf]
x}l;otdf sfd ul//x]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu lgh jf lghsf]
kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} lsl;dsf] s/f/
u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-5_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v, sDkgL ;lrj tyf
n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf s'g}

37

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

k|sf/sf] :jfy{ jf ;/f]sf/ eP ;f]sf]
ljj/0f,
-h_ ;~rfnssf] ljQLo tyf Jofj;flos
k[i7e"ldsf] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em ug{ jf
u/fpg jf To:tf] ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L
cfbfg k|bfg ug{ u/fpg /fi6 a}+snfO{
lbPsf] lnlvt clVtof/L,
-em_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfns x'g of]Uo /x]sf]
:j3f]if0ff,
-`_ /fi6 a}+s tyf ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ egL /fi6 a}+sn] ;do
;dodf tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f .
@%= ;~rfnssf] hfgsf/L tyf clen]v M -!_ ;~rfnsn] cfkm"
lgo'lQm ePsf] ;ft lbgleq a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;dIf bkmf
@$ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k]z
ePsf] ljj/0f 5'} clen]v u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;~rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:osf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf pNn]Vo
:jfldTj jf cGo s'g} klg k|sf/sf] :jfy{ /x]df To:tf]
;~rfnsn] ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f ;~rfns
;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7sdf lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ ;~rfnsn] cfgf] s'g} :jfy{;Fu ;DalGwt
ljifodf ;~rfns ;ldlt jf cGo s'g} pk;ldltsf] a}7sdf
5nkmn x'Fbf a}7ssf] k|f/Dedf g} To:tf] :jfy{sf] af/]df
hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf] ljifodf x'g] 5nkmn jf
dtbfgaf6 cnu /xg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f kl/jt{g ePdf
jf ;~rfns x]/k]m/ ePdf To;sf] ;"rgf kGw| lbgleq /fi6
a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

38

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-^_ pkbkmf -%_ df plNnlvt hfgsf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf
hfFra'em ug{ cfjZos b]v]df ;f] pk/ hfF+ra'em ug]{ u/fpg]
clwsf/ /fi6 a}+snfO{ x'g]5 .
@^= pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]gdf s'g} lgsfo jf
kbflwsf/Ln] ug]{ egL :ki6 pNn]v ul/Psf]df afx]s
;~rfns ;ldltn] s'g} vf; k|of]hgsf] nflu /fi6 a}+ssf]
lgb{]zgsf] cwLgdf /xL Ps jf PseGbf a9L pk;ldlt u7g
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf pk;ldltdf /xg
kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] pk;ldltsf]
sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/, sfo{ljlw / a}7sdf efu lnP afkt
;b:on] kfpg] kfl/>lds jf eQf ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]s]
adf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf] pk;ldltaf6 ePsf] sfo{ / vr{
jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
@&= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M ;~rfns ;ldltn] cfgf] /]vb]v /
lgb]{zgdf /xL sfd ug{{ ;f]sf] cf}lrTo / sf/0f v'nfO{
cfkm"df lglxt clwsf/x? dWo] s]xL clwsf/ s'g} ;~rfns,
bkmf @^ adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldlt, a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ s'g}
JolQmnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@*= ;~rfnssf] eQf tyf ;'ljwf M ;~rfnsn] a}7sdf pkl:yt
eP afkt kfpg] a}7s eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf lgodfjnLdf
tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@(= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm / ;]jfsf] zt{ M -!_ ;~rfns
;ldltn] o; P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]] Joj:yfkg ug{ Ps sfo{sf/L
k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfo{sfn a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf]
x'g]5 / lgh csf]{ Ps sfo{sfnsf nflu k'gM lgo'lQm x'g
;Sg]5 .

39

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df n]lvPsf] Joj:yf of] P]g k|f/De
eP kl5 dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
;~rfns ;ldltn] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfo{;Dkfbg
;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf lghnfO{ h'g;'s} avt kbaf6 x6fpg
;lsg]5 .
t/ To;/L kbaf6 x6fpg' cl3 lghnfO{ ;kmfO{ k]z
ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
of]Uotf tyf cg'ej ePsf] JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm u/L To:tf]
lgo'lQm u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq /fi6 a+}snfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'
kg]{5 M
-s_ Joj:yfkg, a}+ls, ljQLo, df}lb|s,
cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q,
tYofzf:q, n]vf, ul0ft, Jofkf/
k|zf;g jf sfg"g ljifodf
:gftsf]Q/ pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-v_ rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L jf Joj:yfkg,
a}+ls, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q,
jfl0fHozf:q, tYofzf:q,
n]vfzf:q, ul0ft, Jofkf/ k|zf;g
jf sfg"g ljifodf :gfts pkflw
xfl;n u/L a+}ls tyf ljQLo If]q,
;/sf/L lgsfo, ;+ul7t ;+:yf,
ljZjljBfno jf To:tf] sfo{ ug]{
cGt/f{li6o ;+3 jf ;+:yfsf]
clws[t tx jf ;f]eGbf dflysf]
kbdf sDtLdf bz jif{sf] sfo{
cg'ej ePsf],
t/, 3 ju{sf] ljQLo
;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] xsdf
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs

40

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

of]Uotf tyf sfo{ cg'ej x'g'
kg]{5 .
-u_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQmsf]
;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]
dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf],
-3_ bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
cof]Uo gePsf] .
t/ bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_
sf] v08 -em_ / -9_ df plNnlvt
cof]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] xsdf nfu" x'g]
5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] sfo{sf/L
k|d'v o; P]g adf]lhd of]Uo /x]sf] gb]lvPdf /fi6 a}+sn]
lghnfO{ x6fO{ o; P]g adf]lhd sfo{sf/L k|d'vdf lgo'Qm x'g
of]Uo /x]sf] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ sfo{sf/L k|d'v lgo'Qm ug{
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kfl/>lds, ;]jfsf cGo zt{
tyf ;'ljwfx? ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 /
lgo'lQm ubf{sf avt g} lghsf] ;]jfsf] zt{ tyf ;'ljwf
lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v
csf{] s'g} Jofj;flos ;+:yfdf sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L,
sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} kbdf /xL sfd ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sdf
nufgL u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] ljsf; a}+ssf] ;~rfns x'g o;
pkbkmfn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
#)= sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ sfo{sf/L
k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf
/xL ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 k|bQ
clwsf/ k|of]u ug{], ;~rfns
41

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;ldltsf] lg0f{o nfu" ug{] / a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxL tyf
sf/f]af/sf] /]vb]v tyf lgoGq0f
ug]{,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s
ah]6 / sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L
:jLs[ltsf] nflu ;~rfns ;ldlt
;dIf k]z ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L
ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL
cfjZos hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-3_ ;fwf/0f ;eff/f ul/Psf lg0f{o
sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg],
-_ o; P]g / /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg
cg'?k ;+:yf ;~rfng ug{] / a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Pj+ hf]lvd
Joj:yfkg ug{],
-r_ o; P]g, /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb{]zg,
k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf
/xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6
a}+s jf cGo s'g} lgsfodf k]z ug'{
kg]{ ljj/0f, sfuhft, lg0f{o cflb
oyf;dodf k]z ug]{,
-5_ lgIf]kstf{, z]o/wgL tyf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pRrtd lxt x'g]
u/L ;~rfng ug{],
-h_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
gLlt cGtu{t /xL pRr
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu plrt dfkb08
nfu" ug{] .

42

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-@_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v cfgf] sfdsf] lgldQ ;~rfns
;ldltk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b%
Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
#!= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ gkfpg] M -!_ bkmf #$ adf]lhd a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf afx]s cGo s;}n] klg o; P]g adf]lhdsf] a}ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
Ohfhtkq k|bfg ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
;DaGwL Ohfht gLlt th{'df u/L nfu' ug{]5 .
#@= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd k|of]u M -!_ s;}n] klg /fi6
a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ a+}ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd k|of]u ug{'
x'Fb}g .
-@_ o; P]gsf] bkmf $( adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq kfPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf / g]kfndf zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf afx]s cGo s'g} klg JolQm, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] /fi6
a}+saf6 k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ cfgf] gfd;F+u a}+s, a}+ls,
ljQ, ljQLo jf cGo To:t} cy{ cfpg] ;+s]t, ljz]if0f jf
To:t} lsl;dsf cy{ nfUg] zAb k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf] ;+:yfsf] xsdf pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g M
-s_ k|rlnt sfg"g jf cGt/f{li6o
;Demf}tf jf k|rng adf]lhd
:yflkt jf dfGotf k|fKt s'g}
;+:yf,
43

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf
ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkqsf
nflu lgj]bg lbg] sDkgL .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
To:tf] sf/f]af/ ug{ :jLs[lt k|fKt ubf{sf avt sfod /x]sf]
gfd k|of]u u/L ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ v, u tyf 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] qmdzM
ljsf; a}+s, ljQ sDkgL tyf n3' ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf eGg]
gfd k|of]u ug'{ kg{]5 .
-^_ of] P]g k|f/De x'g' cl3 n3' ljQ ljsf; a+}s
eGg] gfd k|of]u ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] of] P]g k|f/De
ePkl5 pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] gfd k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
##= a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug{ lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
rfxg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug{ /fi6
a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] b:t'/ ;lxt /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bgsf ;fy a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf ljj/0f tyf sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg
u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq,
lgodfjnL / k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf]
k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_ sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos
;a} k"jf{wf/ tof/ ePsf] sfof{no
ejgsf] ljj/0f jf ejg ef8fdf
lng] eP axfn ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfsf]
k|ltlnlk / ef8fdf lnPsf] ejgsf]
44

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

ljj/0f ;lxt a}+ls tyf ljQLo
;]jf, ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] kof{Kt
cfwf/ /x]sf] ljj/0f,
-u_ ;+:yfksn] lng sa"n u/]sf]
z]o/sf] /sd r'Qmf eO{ /fi6 a}+sdf
hDdf u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g] sfuhft,
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L
;]jf, zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL
ljlgod, cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL
ljlgod / shf{ ckn]vg ;DaGwL
ljlgod,
-_ sf/f]af/ ug]{ d'Vo :yfg jf
zfvfsf] :yfg olsg eO;s]sf]df
;f]sf] 7]ufgf,
-r_ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{sf]
nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf zt{x?
kfngf ug]{ s'/fsf] d~h'/L,
-5_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Jofj;flos
/0fgLlt / ;~rfng ul/g]
sf/f]af/sf] k|s[lt, cfGtl/s
lgoGq0f / hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
k|lqmof ;lxtsf] ;+u7gfTds
;+/rgfnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L tof/
kfl/Psf]] Jofj;flos of]hgf,
-h_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns /
kbflwsf/Lsf] gfdfjnL tyf o;
P]g adf]lhd ;~rfns jf
kbflwsf/L x'g of]Uo /x]sf] ljj/0f,
-em_ a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng
u?~h]n /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd k"FhL
sfod /fVg] k|lta4tf,
45

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-`_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;Defljt
;a} hf]lvdx?sf] pko'Qm 9+uaf6
Joj:yfkg ug{ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f
k|0ffnL sfod ug]{ k|lta4tf,
-6_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f tyf
sfuhft .
-#_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfndf
;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;+:yflkt ug{] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf
pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt ljifox?sf cltl/Qm b]xfo
adf]lhdsf sfuhft jf ljj/0f ;d]t /fi6 a}+sdf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 M
-s_ s, v, u, / 3 ju{sf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf ljb]zL a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt
d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf]
d'n'ssf] ;/sf/ jf s]Gb|Lo a}+s jf
lgodg ug]{ lgsfon] g]kfndf
To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ lbPsf]
:jLs[lt jf ;xdlt kq,
-v_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf
ug{ /fi6 a}+sdf lgj]bg k]z u/]kl5
jf /fi6 a}+saf6 cg'dlt lnPkl5
To:tf] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] o; P]g adf]lhd k"/f ug'{
kg]{ s'g} ljifo km/s k/]sf] eP
;f]sf] ljj/0f,
-u_ /fi6 a}+sn] dfu u/] adf]lhdsf]
cGo hfgsf/L tyf ljj/0f .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt sfuhft jf
ljj/0fx?sf] hfFra'em ubf{ s'g} sfuhft jf ljj/0f gk'u jf
46

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

ckof{Kt ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu
yk sfuhft jf ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#$= a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg] M -!_
bkmf ## adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg / ;f] ;fy ;+nUg sfuhft
jf ljj/0fx?sf] hfFra'em ubf{ o; P]g adf]lhd a}ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;a} cfwf/ k'u]sf] kfPdf /fi6 a}+sn]
lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] Ps ;o aL; lbgleq To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ bkmf #& adf]lhdsf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/df a}ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ s'g} Ps ju{sf] Ohfhtkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq lbg' cl3 /fi6
a}+sn] b]xfosf s'/fx?sf] olsg ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
Ohfhtkq lbFbf :j:y
k|lt:kwf{Tds / ljQLo dWo:ytf
;DaGwL sf/f]af/ k|efjsf/L eO{
lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt x'g],
-v_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod, ljlgod jf lbOPsf] cfb]z
jf lgb]{zg tyf k|aGwkq /
lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL a}+ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{
;Ifd /x]sf],
-u_ bkmf ## adf]lhd Ohfhtkqsf]
nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg
ljj/0f tyf sfuhft k"0f{ /x]sf]
tyf kof{Kt ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ePsf],
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lgo'Qm jf
;+nUg ePsf] jf lgo'Qm ul/g] jf
;+nUg x'g] s'g} klg kbflwsf/L
a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd /x]sf] .
47

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ /fi6 a}+sn] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng
ug]{ Ohfhtkq lbFbf Ohfhtkq nfu" x'g] ldlt tf]s]sf]df
;f]xL ldltaf6 / To:tf] ldlt gtf]s]sf]df Ohfhtkq hf/L
ePsf] ldltaf6 To:tf] Ohfhtkq k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
#%= Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf #$ df h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ g]kfnsf] ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :yfloTj,
:jR5 k|lt:kwf{ / ljZj;gLotf
pk/ k|lts"n c;/ kg{] ePdf,
-v_ lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{
Ohfhtkq lbg plrt / pko'Qm
gx'g] ePdf,
-u_ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{] k"jf{wf/ k"/f gePdf,
-3_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf cGo ljj/0f jf
zt{x? k"/f ePsf] gb]lvPdf .
-@_ o; bkmf adf]lhd a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ug{ Ohfhtkq lbg g;lsg] cj:yf ePdf /fi6
a}+sn] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;f] sf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
#^= /fi6 a}+sn] zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf #$ adf]lhd a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ubf{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ljBdfg cj:yf, ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] :j:y ;~rfng
tyf lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos
zt{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] zt{sf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] zt{df /fi6 a}+sn]
;do ;dodf cfjZostf cg';f/ yk36 tyf x]/k]m/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
48

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

#&= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] juL{s/0f M a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{ bkmf ## adf]lhd lgj]bg lbg] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k"FhL / To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
;~rfng ug]{ sf/f]af/ tyf sfo{If]qsf] cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s, v, u jf 3 ju{df
juL{s/0f u/L ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] Ohfhtkq ;DalGwt a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg]5 .
t/ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s s'g} klg ju{df ;dfj]z x'g]
5}g .
#*= dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sg] M
-!_ tNnf] ju{sf] s'g} ljQLo ;+:yf Ps tx dflyNnf] ju{sf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g rfx]df /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] ljj/0f ;lxt /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ 3 ju{sf] ;+:yf dflyNnf] ju{df kl/0ft x'g
;Sg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg / ;f] ;fy ;+nUg
ljj/0fx?sf] hfFra'em ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ Ps tx dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
kl/0ft ug{ pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df b]xfosf s'/fx?sf] cwLgdf
/xL k"j{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf nflu /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] r'Qmf k"FhL k"/f ePsf],
-v_ ljut kfFr jif{b]lv nuftf/ /fi6
a}+ssf] lgb{]zg adf]lhdsf] kF"hLsf]if
kof{Kttf sfod /x]sf], nuftf/
kfFr jif{ gfkmfdf /x]sf] / ljut
kfFr jif{sf] cf};t lgliqmo shf{
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldfleq /x]sf],
-u_ k|f/lDes vr{ ckn]vg ul/;s]sf],
-3_ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf lgisfzg ug'{ kg]{
z]o/sf] lgisfzg eO{ afF8kmfF6
49

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

eO;s]sf],
-_ dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf kl/0ft x'g ;fwf/0f ;efn]
ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf],
-r_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo ;a} zt{
k"/f u/]sf] .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd ;+zf]wg ug{ nufO{ o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6
a}+sn] dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ohfhtkq
lbg]5 .
#(= ;"rL k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] k|To]s dlxgf a}+ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ub}{ cfPsf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
;"rL /fli6o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsf jf cGo s'g} dfWodaf6
k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt ;"rLdf a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ldlt, r'Qmf k"FhL,
k"FhLsf]ifsf] cj:yf, s'n shf{, lgliqmo shf{sf] cj:yf tyf
/fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos b]v]sf] cGo ljj/0f ;d]t ;dfj]z ug{
;Sg]5 .
$)= ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn]
s'g} cGt/f{li6o >]0fLs[t ljb]zL a}+snfO{ g]kfndf zfvf
dfk{mt a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ :jLs[lt
lbPdf ;f] adf]lhd g]kfndf k|rlnt sDkgL sfg"g cg';f/
btf{ ePsf] zfvf o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf ;/x dflgg]5 / of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
ag]sf]] lgod, ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgn] cGoyf Joj:yf
u/]sf]df afx]s cGo ;Dk"0f{ k|fjwfgx? To:tf] zfvfsf]
xsdf ;d]t ;dfg ?kn] nfu" x'g] 5g\ .
-@_ ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvfsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/,
lhDd]jf/L, bfloTj, hfoh]yf, n]vf cflb sfd sf/afxLsf]
lhDd]jf/L lng] tyf To:tf] sfd sf/afxL ;Dkfbg ug]{
50

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwdf /fi6
a}+sn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ljb]zL a}+ssf] g]kfnl:yt zfvfn] cfkm\gf] bfloTj
k"/f ug{] qmddf cfkm\gf] ;DklQ k|of]u ubf{ cGo s'g} sfg"gL
Joj:yfdf k|lts"n c;/ gx'g] u/L g]kfnsf] bfloTjnfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstf lbO{ k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvfn] yf]s a}+ls sf/f]af/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
-%_ ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvf sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b^
k"FhL, k"FhLsf]if / t/n ;DklQ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$!= k"FhL sfod /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Go"gtd
r'Qmf k"FhL /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k"FhL a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;doleq k'/f
u/L ;Sg' kg{]5 .
-#_ /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn]
s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] a9Ldf kGw|
k|ltzt;Dd dfq nufgL ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf nufgL ug{] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] csf{] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nufgL ubf{ pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
r'Qmf k"FhLsf] Ps k|ltzteGbf sd x'g] u/L dfq nufgL ug{'
kg{]5 .
-%_ ljb]zL ;+o'Qm nufgLdf v'Ng] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf, 3 ju{sf ljQLo ;+:yf / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+sdf

51

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] r'Qmf k"FhLdf nufgL ug{
;Sg] xb ;DaGwL Joj:yf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ jf ;f] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] nufgL ug{ ;Sg]
z]o/ k"FhLsf] k|ltzt /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$@= k"FhLsf]if M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] s'n ;DklQ jf
s'n hf]lvdefl/t ;DklQsf] cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf]
cg'kftdf k"FhLsf]if sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf]
cg'kft tf]Sbf cltl/Qm k"FhLsf]if cg'kft ;d]t tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] k"FhLsf]if sfod ug{ g;s]df To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/Ldf cGo
s'/fsf cltl/Qm k"FhLsf]if sfod /xg g;s]sf] sf/0f tyf
k"FhLsf]ifnfO{ j[l4 u/L /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb{]zg adf]lhdsf]
cj:yfdf Nofpg ;~rfns ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] of]hgf jf
sfo{qmd ;d]t ;+nUg u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn]
k]z u/]sf] hfgsf/L tyf of]hgf jf sfo{qmd dgfl;a b]v]df
;f]xL adf]lhd / To;df s'g} ;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/ ug'{ k/]df
;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ k|:tfljt of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg jf
x]/k]m/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
$#= ;Defljt gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfgf] shf{ nufotsf ;DklQ / jf;nft aflx/sf]
sf/f]af/sf] bfloTj ;DaGwL ;Defljt hf]lvdnfO{ vfDg
;Sg] u/L /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd gf]S;fgL Joj:yf sfod
ug{' kg]{5 .

52

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

$$= ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ps
;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]if sfod /fVg' kg]{5 . To:tf] hu]8f
sf]ifdf r'Qmf k"FhLsf] bf]Aa/ geP;Dd k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf]
v'b gfkmfaf6 sDtLdf aL; k|ltzt / To; kl5sf cfly{s
jif{df sDtLdf bz k|ltzt /sd yKb} hfg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{
:jLs[lt glnO{ cGo zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{ jf vr{ ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
$%= ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]if M -!_ ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{df ef/tLo ?k}ofFF afx]s
cGo ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6
cfh{g u/]sf] k'gd{"Nofg d'gfkmfnfO{ ;f]xL cfly{s jif{sf]
cGTodf gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fadf cfjZos lx;fa ldnfg ug'{
kg]{5 . To;/L gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fadf lx;fa ldnfg ubf{
s'g} cfly{s jif{df k'gd"{Nofg cfDbfgL ePdf To:tf]
d'gfkmfsf] sDtLdf kRrL; k|ltzt /sd ;6xL ;dLs/0f
sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ ef/tLo ?k}ofFsf] ljlgdo b/df kl/jt{g ePsf]
sf/0faf6 x'g] k'gd"{Nofg gfkmfgf]S;fgLsf] xsdf /fi6
a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;6xL ;dLs/0f sf]ifdf
hDdf ePsf] /sd ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ljlgdo b/df 36a9
ePsf] sf/0faf6 x'g] gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug{ afx]s /fi6
a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ cGo sfddf vr{ ug{ jf /sdfGt/ ug{
kfOg] 5}g .
$^= t/n ;DklQ sfod ug{' kg{] M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6
a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]s] adf]lhdsf] t/n ;DklQ sfod
/fVg' kg]{5 .
$&= nfef+z 3f]if0ff / ljt/0f M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]]
nfef+z 3f]if0ff tyf ljt/0f ug'{ cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt
lng' kg]{5 .

53

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] ;Dk"0f{ k|f/lDes
vr{, cl3Nnf] jif{;Dd x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgL, /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]lslbPsf] k"FhL, k"FhLsf]if, ;Defljt gf]S;fgL Joj:yf /
bkmf $$ adf]lhd ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifdf 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ /sd
k"/f gu/];Dd tyf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] z]o/ k"0f{
?kdf laqmL ljt/0f gu/];Dd z]o/wgLx?nfO{ nfef+z 3f]if0ff
ug{ jf ljt/0f ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
$*= k"FhL 36fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg] M k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hf/L
tyf r'Qmf k"FhL 36fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b&
a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf

$(= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{

;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL tyf /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL s ju{sf]
a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ Aofh jf lagf Aofhdf lgIf]k
:jLsf/ ug{] jf ljleGg ljQLo
pks/0f dfkm{t lgIf]k kl/rfng
ug{] / ltgsf] e'QmfgL lbg],
-v_ ljB'tLo pks/0f jf ;fwgsf]
dfWodaf6 lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug{],
e'QmfgL lbg], n]gb]g ug]{,
dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug]{ / /sdfGt/
ug]{,
-u_ xfo/ kr]{h, lnlh, xfplh,
clwljsif{ nufotsf shf{ lbg],
-3_ kl/of]hgf tyf xfOkf]lys]zg lwtf]
/fvL] shf{ lbg] Pj+
54

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf]
ljefhg -kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L
cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/
;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg] lbnfpg]
Joj:yf ug]{,
-_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
hdfgtdf shf{ lbg],
-r_ cfk"m sxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /lx;s]sf]
rn crn ;DklQsf] d"Non]
vfd];Ddsf] /sd shf{ lbg] jf
cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf]
/lx;s]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] k'gM
lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf]
/sd shf{ lbg],
-5_ cfgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq
hf/L ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu
cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], lghsf] rn
crn ;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf
t];|f] JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng] /
lwtf]aGws, ;'/If0fdf lnPsf]
;DklQ k|fKt ug]{, wf/0f ug]{ tyf
;f] ;DaGwL cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-h_ cfjZostf cg';f/ /fi6 a}+saf6
k'gs{hf{{ lng] jf cGo a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng] lbg],
-em_ kl/of]hgfsf] k|a4{gsf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/ jf cGo :jb]zL jf ljb]zL
lgsfo dfkm{t k|fKt ePsf] /sdaf6
shf{ k|jfx ug]{ jf shf{ Joj:yfkg
ug]{,
-`_ k|rlnt shf{ ckn]vg
ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL shf{
ckn]vg ug{],
55

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-6_ k"FhLsf]if k'/f ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu
z]o/, l8a]~r/, C0fkq cflb hf/L
ug{],
-7_ k|tLtkq, ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq,
r]s, ofq' r]s, 8f6 jf cGo
ljQLo pks/0f lgisfzg ug]{,
:jLsf/ ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg],
l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf vl/b laqmL ug]{,
-8_ ljB'tLo sf/f]af/sf nflu l8lh6n
jf sf8{ nufotsf ljQLo pks/0f
hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{, Joj:yfkg
ug]{ / ;f] ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ Ph]06
lgo'Qm ug]{,
-9_ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL
ljb]zL ljlgdo sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-0f_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf
lgb]{zg adf]lhd ;/sf/L sf/f]af/
ug]{],
-t_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L
u/]sf] C0fkq vl/blaqmL ug]{ jf
;sf/ ug]{,
-y_ g]kfnleq jf ljb]zdf ljlgdokq,
r]s jf cGo ljQLo pks/0ff/f
/sd k7fpg] jf rnfg ug]{,
ljb]zaf6 ljk|]if0f k|fKt ug{] / ;f]
sf] e'QmfgL ug{],
-b_ u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{
z]o/, l8a]~r/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf
lng], vl/blaqmL ul/lbg], z]o/sf]
nfef+z, l8a]~r/ jf ;'/If0fsf]
Aofh cflb p7fO{ lbg] / ;f]sf]
nfef+z, d'gfkmf jf Aofh g]kfnleq
56

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

jf ljb]zdf k7fpg], u|fxssf] nflu
;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-w_ jf;nft aflx/sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-g_ ljkGg ju{, Go"g cfo ePsf]
kl/jf/, b}jL k|sf]k kLl8t tyf
d'n'ssf s'g} If]qsf afl;Gbfsf]
cfly{s pTyfgsf] nflu JolQmut
jf ;fd'lxs hdfgLdf /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s] adf]lhdsf] /sd;Dd shf{
lbg],
-k_ cfk"m tyf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng] jf s'g}
k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf lng] C0fL jf
u|fxssf] ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf
hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s, ;DalGwt
lgsfo jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
-km_ ;'g, rFfbL vl/blaqmL ug]{,
-a_ kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;~rfng /
d"Nofg ;DaGwL cWoog,
cg';Gwfg, ;j]{If0f ug]{ u/fpg] tyf
tfnLd, k/fdz{ / cGo hfgsf/L
pknAw u/fpg],
-e_ o; P]g / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
cfgf] :jfldTjdf cfpg] ;a}
k|sf/sf hfoh]yfsf] plrt
Joj:yfkg tyf laqmL ug]{,
-d_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd b'O{ jf
b'O{eGbf a9L JolQmx?aLr x'g] s'g}
sfo{ afkt ltg'{ a'emfpg' jf lng'
kg]{ /sd pQm sfd ePkl5 e'QmfgL
57

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

lng] lbg] Joj:yf ug{ b'O{ kIfsf]
;xdltdf hdfgL a:g],
-o_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-@_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL tyf /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL v ju{sf]
ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_, -r_, -h_,
-em_, -`_, -6_, -9_, -t_, -b_, -w_, -g_, -k_ / -e_ df plNnlvt
a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/sf cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
cGo a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ kl/of]hgf lwtf] /fvL] shf{ lbg],
;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf]
ljefhg -kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L
cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/
;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg], lbnfpg]
Joj:yf ug]{,
-v_ cfgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq
hf/L ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu
cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], lghsf] rn
crn ;DklQ lwtf]aGws lng] jf
t];|f] JolQmsf] h]yf hdfgt lng],
-u_ ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s,
ofq'r]s, 8f6 hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/
ug]{, e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf
vl/blaqmL ug]{,
-3_ cfgf] rn crn ;DklQ lwtf]
/fvL shf{ lng],
-_ /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{
k|tLtkq / ljk|]if0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{,
-r_ u|fxssf] lgldQ sldzg Ph]06 eO{
z]o/, l8a]~r/ jf ;'/If0fsf] lhDdf
lng], vl/b laqmL ul/lbg], z]o/,
l8a]~r/ jf ;'/If0fsf] nfef+z,
58

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

Aofh, d'gfkmf cflb p7fOlbg], ;]km
l8kf]lh6 eN6sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-5_ g]kfnleq /sd :yfgfGt/0f
;DaGwL sfd ug]{,
-h_ kl/of]hgf :yfkgf, ;~rfng /
a}+ls, n]vf, ;DklQ, shf{ d"Nofg
;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg,
;e]{If0f ug]{ u/fpg] tyf tfnLd,
k/fdz{ / cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ tyf
hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],
-em_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-#_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL tyf /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL u ju{sf]
ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -r_, -h_, -`_,
-6_, -t_, -b_, -g_, -k_ / -e_ df plNnlvt a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/sf cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cGo a}+ls tyf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ xfo/ kr]{h, lnlh, xfplh
nufotsf shf{ lbg],
-v_ cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu ldnL
;xljQLos/0fsf] cfwf/df lwtf]
ljefhg -kf/L kf;'_ ug]{ u/L
cfk;df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/
;+o'Qm ?kdf shf{ lbg],
-u_ cfgf] rn crn ;DklQ lwtf]
/fvL shf{ lng],
-3_ cfgf] hfoh]yfsf] plrt k|aGw
ug]{, laqmL ug]{ jf axfndf lbg],
-_ ljlgdokq, k|lt1fkq, r]s,
ofq'r]s, 8f6 jf cGo ljQLo
59

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

pks/0f hf/L ug]{, :jLsf/ ug]{,
e'QmfgL lbg], l8:sfp06 ug]{ jf
vl/b laqmL ug]{,
-r_ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljb]zL
d'b|fsf] sf/f]af/ ug{],
-5_ s'g} klg JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]l;g
cf}hf/, pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp
;fdfg jf To:t} cGo rn
;DklQsf] nflu ls:tfaGbL jf
xfo/kr]{h shf{ pknAw u/fpg],
-h_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]l;g,
cf}hf/ pks/0f, 3/fo;L l6sfp
;fdfg jf To:t} rn ;DklQ
ef8fdf lng shf{ -lnlh
kmfOgfG;_ pknAw u/fpg] jf
To:tf rn ;DklQ ef8fdf lng]
lbg],
-em_ cfgf] u|fxssf] tk{maf6 hdfgtkq
hf/L ug]{ / ;f] afkt u|fxs;Fu
cfjZos zt{ u/fpg], ;'/If0f lng],
lghsf] rn crn ;DklQ
lwtf]aGws lng] jf t];|f] JolQmsf]
h]yf hdfgt lng],
-`_ cfgf] ;DklQsf] s'g} c+z jf k"/}
laqmL ug]{ jf lnhdf lbg],
-6_ vl/b ul/Psf] s'g} klg j:t'sf]
tTsfn jf kl5 e'QmfgL ug]{
-l8km8{_ d"Nodf csf]{ vl/bstf{nfO{
laqmL ug'{ k/]df ljQLo ;+:yf /
laqm]tfsf] ;xdlt cg';f/ ;f]
j:t'sf] d"No to ug]{,
60

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-7_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-$_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL / /fi6 a+}sn]
tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ tyf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL 3 ju{sf]
ljQLo ;+:yfn]] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] cg';f/sf]
kl/of]hgf, art sfod u/]sf] ;d"x
jf ;d"xsf] ;b:onfO{ n3' Joj;fo
;~rfng ug{ s'g} rn crn
;DklQ ;'/If0f jf hdfgt lnO{ jf
glnO{ n3'shf{ lbg],
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf :jb]zL jf
ljb]zL ;+3 jf ;+:yf cflbaf6 shf{
jf cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ / To:tf] shf{
jf cg'bfg n3'shf{ ljt/0fdf jf
;f] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg]
sfddf k|of]u ug]{,
t/ ljb]zL ;+3 jf ;+:yf
cflbaf6 shf{ jf cg'bfg lng' cl3
/fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-u_ n3'shf{ pknAw u/fpg' cl3 h'g
sfo{sf] nflu shf{ dfu ePsf] xf]
;f] ;DaGwL sfo{sf] d"Nofg ug]{ /
To:tf] sfo{sf] ;DefJotf 5, 5}g
klxrfg ug]{,
-3_ n3'shf{ kl/rfng ;DaGwdf
;d"xnfO{ cfjZos kg{] ;]jf tyf
k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{,
-_ n3'shf{ ;dodf c;'n pk/
ug]{tk{m cfjZos sf/afxL ug]{,
-r_ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ /fi6
a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{ aGb]hsf]
61

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

cwLgdf /xL lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{
tyf To:tf] lgIf]ksf] e'QmfgL lbg],
-5_ k"FhLsf]if k'/f ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu
z]o/, l8a]~r/, C0fkq cflb hf/L
ug{],
-h_ cfk"m tyf cGo s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfaf6 shf{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf]
;'ljwf lng] C0fL jf u|fxssf]
ljj/0f ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L /fi6
a}+s, ;DalGwt lgsfo jf cGo a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfaLr lng] lbg],
-em_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-%_ of] P]g, k|aGwkq, lgodfjnL / /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] ;Ldf, zt{ tyf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL k"jf{wf/
ljsf; a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ ;Sg]5
M
-s_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL
kl/of]hgfx?df shf{ k|jfx tyf
z]o/df nufgL ug]{,
-v_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL kl/of]hgf
;~rfng ug]{ sDkgLx?sf]
lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug]{,
-u_ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL
kl/of]hgfx? lgdf{0f tyf
;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos d]l;g
pks/0f tyf cf}hf/sf] v/Lb, laqmL
jf cfk"lt{ jf h8fg ;DaGwL
sf/f]af/sf] nflu k|tLtkq vf]Ng]
tyf hdfgt kqx? hf/L ug]{,
-3_ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k"jf{wf/
ljsf; ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfx?df
nufgL ug{ cfjZos /sd
62

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

h'6fpgsf] nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf
:jb]zL jf ljb]zL d'b|fdf ljQLo
pks/0f hf/L ug]{ tyf C0f k|fKt
ug{]
-_ bL3{sfnLg k|s[ltsf] lgIf]k :jLsf/
u/L jf l8a]~r/ hf/L u/L ;|f]t
kl/rfng ug{],
-r_ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ lnlh
sf/f]af/ ug{],
-5_ ljb]zL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
hdfgt :jLsf/ u/L kl/of]hgfdf
shf{ tyf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{],
-h_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug{] .
%)= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug{ gx'g] sfd M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] b]xfosf sfd ug'{ jf u/fpg' x'Fb}g M
-s_ Jofkf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] dfn;fdfg
vl/b laqmL ug{ jf cfgf]
k|of]hgsf] lgldQ cfjZos kg]{
afx]s ejg lgdf{0f ug{ jf crn
;DklQ vl/b ug{,
-v_ cfgf] z]o/sf] ;'/If0fdf shf{ lbg,
-u_ ;~rfns, r'Qmf k"FhLsf] Ps
k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/
lnPsf] JolQm, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf
To:tf JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o
jf Dofg]lh Ph]06 jf ;~rfns
dgf]lgt ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm,
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] pNn]Vo
:jfldTj jf ljQLo :jfy{ ePsf]
s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ s'g}
lsl;dsf] shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg
ug{,
63

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-3_ Pp6} u|fxs, sDkgL, Ps} ;d"xsf]
sDkgL jf ;fem]bf/L kmd{, ;Da4
JolQmnfO{ cfgf] k"FhLsf]ifsf] /fi6
a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k|ltu|fxs ;Ldf gfg]
u/L shf{ jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{,
-_ ;+:yfks, ;~rfns jf sfo{sf/L
k|d'v hdfgt a;L s'g} JolQm,
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ s'g}
lsl;dsf] shf{ lbg,
-r_ /fi6 a}+saf6 s, v / u
ju{df juL{s[t a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug{,
-5_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ;LdfeGbf
a9L /sd cGo ;+:yfsf] z]o/
k"FhLdf nufgL ug{,
-h_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx? Ps
cfk;df ldnL ljQLo sf/f]af/df
s'g} lsl;dsf] Psflwsf/ jf cGo
s'g} lsl;dsf] lgolGqt cEof;
sfod ug{,
-em_ cfk"mn] gfhfoh nfe lng] lgotn]
ljQLo If]qsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds
jftfj/0fdf s[lqd cj/f]w v8f x'g]
s'g} klg lsl;dsf] sfo{ ug{,
-`_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug{ gx'g]
egL /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug{ .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg cfgf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{ jf
cfgf sd{rf/LnfO{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|rlnt sd{rf/L
ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd cfjf; jf cGo ;'ljwf pknAw
u/fpg, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf] C0fkq,
64

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

s'g} klg lgIf]k vftfdf /x]sf] /sd jf d'2tL /l;bsf]
lwtf]df shf{ lbg / ;+:yfks, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf
Ps k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ lnPsf] z]o/wgLx?nfO{ cfg}
d'2tL lgIf]k, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf]
C0fkqsf] lwtf]df shf{, tyf tf]lsPsf] ;Ldf;Ddsf] qm]l86
sf8{ ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
%!= ;xfos sDkgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt
lnO{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;xfos sDkgL vf]Ng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;xfos sDkgL vf]Ng]
:jLs[lt lbFbf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos zt{x? tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
%@= ;Da4 JolQm;Fu sf/f]af/ ug{ gkfpg] M s'g} klg a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;Da4 JolQmx?nfO{ s'g} klg shf{ jf ;'ljwf
lbg kfpg] 5}g .
%#= z+sf:kb sf/f]af/sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg] M a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] vftfjfnf jf cfkm";Fu sf/f]af/ ug]{ u|fxssf]
klxrfg tyf z+sf:kb sf/f]af/sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg]
;DaGwdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+sjfbL lqmofsnfkdf
ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf
eP adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
%$= /fi6 a}+sn] lgb{]zg hf/L ug{] M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o;
kl/R5]b adf]lhd sfd sf/f]af/ ubf{ cjnDag ug{' kg{]
k|lqmofut Joj:yf tyf cGo sfd s'/fsf ;DaGwdf /fi6
a}+sn] cfjZos lgb{]zg hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b*
shf{ k|jfx tyf c;'nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%%= shf{ k|jfx ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg tyf
;~rfns ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] shf{ gLltsf] cwLgdf
/xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|of]hg v'nfP/ dfq shf{ k|jfx
ug'{ kg]{5 .

65

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ lbFbf cfk"mnfO{ dfGo
x'g] rn crn ;DklQ ;'/If0f lnO{ jf cGo plrt hdfgL
lnO{ cfgf] / lgIf]kstf{sf] lxtsf] ;'/Iff x'g] u/L shf{ k|jfx
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd shf{sf] ;'/If0f afkt lnPsf]
;DklQ s'g} klg Joxf]/faf6 s;}sf gfpFdf /lhi6]zg jf
bflvn vf/]h ug{ jf x:tfGt/0f x'g g;Sg] u/L a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfddf /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h jf /f]Ssf
/flvlbgsf] nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt
sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd /lhi6]zg, bflvn vf/]h
jf /f]Ssf /flvlbgsf] nflu n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt
sfof{non] n]vL cfP adf]lhd /lhi6]zg, bflvn vf/]h jf
/f]Ssf u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ Go"g cfo ePsf tyf ljkGg ju{sf JolQm /
s'g} vf; ef}uf]lns If]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{ afl;Gbfsf] cfly{s
pTyfgsf] nflu k|fyldstf lbOPsf] ju{ tyf If]qdf shf{
k|jfx ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbPdf ;f]xL adf]lhd a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ k|jfx ug{' kg{]5 .
-^_ C0fLn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;F+u lnPsf] shf{sf]
zt{, efsf / Aofh ;DaGwL s'/fx shf{ n]gb]g ;DaGwdf
ePsf] lnvt jf s/f/df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-&_ C0fL, hdfgtstf{ jf kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf
C0fL eP ;f]sf ;~rfns, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k|ltzteGbf
a9L z]o/ lng] z]o/wgL, ;fem]bf/ jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf]
:jfldTj x'g] JolQm, plNnlvt ;a} JolQmsf kl/jf/ tyf
lghx? sxLF st} lxtflwsf/L eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f tyf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{ kbf{ cfjZos kl/ro v'Ng]
k|df0f ;d]t a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lng' kg]{5 .
-*_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ k|bfg ubf{ C0fLnfO{
k|bfg u/]sf] shf{ /sd / ;f]df nfUg], Aofh, xhf{gf tyf ;f]
ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;dotflnsf ;d]t lnvt jf s/f/df :ki6

66

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

?kdf v'nfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L C0fL tyf hdfgtstf{ eP
hdfgtstf{ ;d]tnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ C0fLn] cfkm"n] ltg{ a'emfpg' kg{] jf lt/]
a'emfPsf] shf{sf] ;fFjf, Aofh, xhf{gf tyf cGo z'Ns Pj+
shf{ k|fKt ug{sf nflu ul/Psf] lnvt jf s/f/ ;DaGwL
sfuhft ;d]tsf] ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] ljj/0f
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] C0fLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
%^= shf{ /sdsf] ;b'kof]u ;DaGwL cg'udg M a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu C0fLnfO{ shf{ lbPsf] xf] ;f]
k|of]hgdf C0fLn] shf{ /sd ;b'kof]u u/]sf] 5 jf 5}g eGg]
;DaGwdf cg'udgsf] tflnsf agfO{ ;f] adf]lhd lgoldt
cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 .
%&= shf{ c;'nL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ C0fLn] shf{ n]gb]g
;DaGwL lnvt jf s/f/df plNnlvt zt{ sa'lnotsf]
kfngf gu/]df jf lnvt jf s/f/sf] efsfleq shf{ / ;f]df
nfu]sf] Aofh jf xhf{gf r'Qmf gu/]df jf bkmf %^ adf]lhd
cg'udg ubf{ C0fLn] h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu shf{ lnPsf] xf]
;f] k|of]hgdf gnufO{ b'?kof]u u/]sf] b]lvPdf shf{ n]gb]g
;DaGwL lnvt jf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg C0fLn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ n]lvlbPsf] jf
lwtf] /fv]sf] ;'/If0fnfO{ lnnfd laqmL u/L jf cGo s'g}
Joj:yf u/L ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] ;fFjf,
Aofh c;'n pk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg C0fLn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ n]vL lbPsf] jf lwtf]
/fv]sf] ;'/If0f s'g} lsl;dn] s;}nfO{ xs 5f]8L lbPdf jf
cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 ;'/If0fsf] df]n 36\g uPdf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] lglZrt Dofb lbO{ To:tf] C0fLnfO{ yk lwtf]
;'/If0f /fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 / C0fLn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq yk lwtf] ;'/If0f /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd C0fLn] yk lwtf] g/fv]df
jf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0faf6 ;fjfF Aofh c;'n pk/ x'g
g;s]df a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] C0fLsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
67

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

jf C0fLsf] xs nfUg] cGo rn crn ;DklQaf6 k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] ;fjfF Aofh c;'n pk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL jf cGo
Joj:yf u/L ;fFjf, Aofh / xhf{gf /sd c;'n ubf{ ePsf]
vr{sf] /sd / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fjfF, Aofh /
xhf{gfsf] /sd sf u/L afFsL /xg cfPdf To:tf] afFsL
/sd ;DalGwt C0fLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-%_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; bkmf adf]lhd lnnfd
laqmL u/]sf] ;DklQ ;sfg]{ JolQmsf] gfddf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbgsf] nflu
;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd /lhi6]zg jf bflvn
vf/]hsf] nflu n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] k|rlnt
sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] lnnfd
;sfg]{ JolQmsf] gfddf /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbg'
kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lwtf] ;'/If0fdf /x]sf] rn
crn ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ s;}n] g;sf/]df To:tf]
;DklQ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] tf]lsP adf]lhd cfgf]
:jfldTjdf lng ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfgf] :jfldTjdf lnPsf] ;DklQ cfgf] gfpFdf /lhi6]zg
jf bflvn vf/]h ul/lbgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf n]vL
k7fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L n]vL cfPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt sfof{non] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] gfddf To:tf] ;DklQ /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h
ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ s'g} JolQm jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lwtf]
lnnfddf ;sf/]sf] ;DklQ ;flas wgLn] ef]urng ug{ lbg
OGsf/ u/]df jf afwf cj/f]w u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;DalGwt lgsfon] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ef]u rng u/fO{
lbg]5 .

68

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-!)_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] k|rlnt shf{ ckn]vg
ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL ckn]vg u/]sf] shf{sf] c;'nL
sf/afxL /f]Sg kfpg] 5}g .
-!!_ C0fLn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu lnPsf] shf{ /
;f]df nfUg] Aofh tyf xhf{gf shf{ n]gb]g ;DaGwL lnvt
jf s/f/df plNnlvt efsfleq r'Qmf gu/]df a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] To:tf] C0fLnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sfnf]
;"rLdf /fVg shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb| lnld6]8df n]vL k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-!@_ s'g} C0fL;Fu o; bkmf adf]lhd shf{ c;'nLsf]
sf/afxL rnfpFbf ;d]t To:tf] shf{ c;'n pk/ x'g g;s]df
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] C0fLsf] ljb]zl:yt cGo s'g}
;DklQaf6 ;d]t To:tf] shf{ c;'n pk/ ug{ ;lsg] /x]5
eg] ;f]sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;DklQ
/f]Ssf /fVg] nufotsf shf{ c;'n pk/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf
cfjZos sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 .
-!#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd C0f c;'nLsf ;a} sf/afxL
rnfpFbf ;d]t C0f c;'nL x'g g;s]df ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] C0fLsf] /fxbfgL /f]Ssf tyf hkmt ug{ /
/fHon] k|bfg ug]{ s'g} ;'ljwfaf6 ;DalGwt C0fLnfO{ jl~rt
u/fpg cfjZos Joj:yfsf nflu /fi6 a}+s ;dIf cg'/f]w
ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] cg'/f]w k|fKt ePkl5 /fi6 a}+sn] cfgf]
/fo ;lxt cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf
k7fpg]5 .
-!$_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] shf{ c;'nL ug]{
;DaGwdf s;} pk/ rnfPsf] s'g} sf/afxLsf] sf/0faf6 lgh
pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] s'g} s;'/df sf/afxL
rnfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

69

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

kl/R5]b(
n]vf, clen]v, ljj/0f tyf k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yf

%*= lx;fa lstfa b'?:t /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
cfgf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf, axL, >]:tf / n]vfsf] clen]v
oyfy{ / b'?:t /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf bf]xf]/f] n]vf
k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t dfGo l;4fGt cg'?k a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ l:ylt :ki6 ?kdf k|ltljlDat x'g]
u/L /flvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n gx'g]
u/L Ohfhtkq k|fKt ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf
jf sfof{non] cfgf] ;DklQ, bfloTj, cfDbfgL, vr{ cflb
v'Ng] u/L 5'} n]vf, lx;fj lstfa, clen]v tyf gfkmf
gf]S;fg lx;fa nufotsf] ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ kf/L /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /flvg] n]vf tyf cGo
ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] cGoyf :jLs[lt lbPsf]df afx]s cfgf]
s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 .
%(= jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa tof/ u/L /fVg] M -!_ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa tyf
gub k|jfx nufotsf cGo ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt
ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq cfgf] jf;nft tyf gfkmfgf]S;fg
lx;fasf] ljj/0f /fi6 a}+s ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf]
jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fasf] ljj/0f ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;f]xL cjlwleq /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] cg';f/
;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 . a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] n]vfk/LIf0f
ePsf] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] jf;nft / g]kfnleq tyf
aflx/ ePsf] sf/f]af/sf] gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fasf] ljj/0f

70

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

tof/ u/L csf]{ cfly{s jif{sf] gf} dlxgfleq tf]lsPsf]
9fFrfdf ;fj{hlgs ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jf;nft / gfkmf
gf]S;fg lx;fadf ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xfos sDkgL
eP To:tf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ tyf ljQLo
cj:yfnfO{ 5'f5'} / PsLs[t ?kdf ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
-$_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] tof/ kfg'{ kg]{ jf;nft / gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fasf]
9fFrf, ljifoj:t', k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ tl/sf / ;fj{hlgs
u/fpg' kg]{ ljj/0f ;d]t /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] jf lgb]{zg lbP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] s'g} ljj/0fdf pNn]v u/]sf s'/fx? unt,
ck"0f{, e|dk"0f{ jf em'f ePsf] z+sf nfu]df /fi6 a}+sn] lnlvt
;"rgf lbO{ To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd
ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ 5'6] 5'6fOPsf] jf pNn]v gul/Psf]
ljifo k|sfzg ug{, jf
-v_ unt, ck"0f{, e|dk"0f{ jf em'f
hfgsf/L ;RofO{ ljj/0f k'gM
k|sfzg ug{, jf
-u_ /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg dfkm{t tf]s]
adf]lhdsf cGo s'/fx? ;RofO{
k|sfzg ug{ .
^)= n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
;ldltn] u}/ sfo{sf/L ;~rfnssf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:o
ePsf] Ps n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltdf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cWoIf, pk;ldltsf] ;+of]hs /
sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ .

71

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf]
;b:o lgIf]k lng], shf{ lbg], lwtf]kqdf nufgL ug]{, :jLs[t
ah]6 vr{ u/L lg0f{o lng' kg]{ nufotsf lgoldt b}lgs
sf/f]af/df ;+nUg x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] a}7s af]nfPsf] cj:yfdf
afx]s ;fdfGotof n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] a}7s tLg dlxgfdf
Ps k6s a:g] 5 .
-%_ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
;f]xL ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^!= n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ M
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vf, ah]6 tyf
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ljlw, cfGtl/s
lgoGq0f Joj:yf pko'Qm eP gePsf] /
ePdf ;f]sf] kfngf eP gePsf] cg'udg
tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vf / axLvftfsf]
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] / To:tf
sfuhft k|rlnt sfg"g, /fi6 a}+ssf]
lgodg tyf lgb]{zg adf]lhd 7Ls;Fu tof/
eP gePsf] af/] osLg ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nfu" ePsf] k|rlnt
sfg"g k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf ePsf] 5 egL
ljZj:t x'g a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngsf] lgoldt
Joj:yfksLo tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] k/LIf0f
ug]{, u/fpg],
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf of] P]g jf o; P]g
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod, gLlt jf
lbOPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfd sf/afxL

72

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg
;~rfns ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-_ afXo n]vfkl/Ifssf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu tLg
hgf n]vfk/LIfssf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug{] .
-r_ ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 dfu ul/Psf] ljifodf
/fo lbg] .
^@= n]vfk/LIf0f M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf] jf;nft,
gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa nufotsf jflif{s ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6
a}+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/ tof/ u/L cfly{s jif{
;dfKt ePsf] rf/ dlxgfleq afXo n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'
kg]{5 . To:tf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf sDtLdf b'O{hgf ;~rfns,
sfo{sf/L k|d'v / n]vfk/LIfssf] ;xL ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ug{] ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvf
sfof{nosf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fpg g;Sg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] dgfl;a sf/0f vf]nL
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] Dofb yksf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]df /fi6
a}+sn] a9Ldf b'O{ dlxgfsf] cjlw yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ afXo n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / /fi6 a}+sdf lbg'
kg]{5 .
^#= n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm tyf kfl/>lds M -!_ n]vfk/LIfssf]
lgo'lQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 x'g]5 .
-@_ ;fwf/0f ;efn] Pp6} n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ nuftf/
tLg k6seGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
-#_ ;fwf/0f ;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs
lgo'lQm ubf{ s, v / u ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]06 / 3 ju{sf]
Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf rf6{8{
PsfpG6]06 jf btf{jfnf n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{]5 .
73

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm gu/]df jf ug{ g;s]df /fi6 a}+sn]
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ s'g} sf/0fn] n]vfk/LIfssf] :yfg l/Qm ePdf
afFsL cjlwsf] nflu ;~rfns ;ldltn] csf]{ n]vfk/LIfssf]
lgo'lQm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfssf]
kfl/>lds /fi6 a}+sn] lgo'Qm u/]sf]df /fi6 a}+sn], ;fwf/0f
;efn] lgo'Qm u/]sf]df ;f] ;efn] / ;~rfns ;ldltn]
lgo'Qm u/]sf]df ;f] ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^$= n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'Qm x'g g;Sg] M -!_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g}
klg JolQm jf To:tf] JolQm ;+:yfks jf lx:;]bf/ ePsf]
kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfsdf
lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}gM
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks,
;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf
lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L,
sd{rf/L jf cfGtl/s n]vfkl/Ifs
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns,
sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sd{rf/L;Fu
;fe]mbf/ eO{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm,
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0fL,
pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm jf
;Da4 JolQm jf ljQLo :jfy{
ePsf] JolQm,
-_ g]kfn jf ljb]zdf bfdf;fxLdf
k/]sf] JolQm,
-r_ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Ps k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L z]o/
lnPsf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yf,
74

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-5_ kmf}hbf/L s;'/df cbfntaf6
;hfo kfO{ ;f] ;hfo e'Qmfg u/]sf]
kfFr jif{sf] cjlw Joltt eO{
g;s]sf] JolQm,
-h_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm x'g cof]Uo
/x]sf] JolQm .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfsdf lgo'lQm
ePsf] s'g} JolQm pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cof]Uo ePsf]
kfOPdf To:tf] JolQmsf] lgo'lQm :jtM /2 ePsf] dflgg]5 .
^%= ljj/0f lbg'kg]{ M -!_ n]vfk/LIfsn] n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
l;nl;nfdf dfu]sf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vf
nufot ;f];Fu ;DalGwt cGo ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
h'g;'s} avt k/LIf0f ug{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfsn]
dfu]sf s'/fsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f tyf hjfkm To:tf] ljj/0f jf
hjfkm lbg] lhDd]jf/L ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] t'?Gt} lbg' kg]{5 .
^^= n]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ n]vfk/LIfssf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ n]vf tyf ljQLo ljj/0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{,
-v_ cfkm"n] n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf] n]vf, jf;nft
tyf gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa ;dfj]z u/L a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltdf
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k]z ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/afxLdf
clgoldttf ePsf] jf ;xL 9+un] sfd x'g
g;s]sf] / To:tf] ljifon] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'Ug hfg] b]lvPdf
;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
/fpg] .

75

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-3_ b]xfosf] cj:yf cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf
b]v]df /fi6 a}+snfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg] M
-!_ /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Ohfhtkq lbFbf tf]s]sf zt{ jf of]
P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod, ljlgod jf lbOPsf] lgb]{zg
cflbsf] pNn+3g x'g],
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgoldt
sfd sf/afxLdf k|lts"n k|efj
kfg]{,
-#_ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ n]vf k/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{af6 /f]Sg] jf
unt n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k]z
ug{ nufpg] .
-@_ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ cfgf] st{Jo kfngfsf]
l;nl;nfdf h'g;'s} avt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vftf,
lx;fa lstfa, n]vf, ef}r/ nufot ;a} sfuhft / nutsf]
lg/LIf0f ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 / n]vfk/LIfsn] cfgf] sfd
pko'Qm 9+uaf6 k"/f ug]{ tyf st{Jo kfngf ug{] qmddf a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L;F+u lghn] cfjZos 7fg]sf]
hfgsf/L / :ki6Ls/0f dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ n]vfk/LIfsn] cfgf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf ljifo
:ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ dfu u/]sf] ljifodf hjfkm k|fKt
eP gePsf],
-v_ jf;nft, jf;nft aflx/sf]
sf/f]af/, gfkmfgf]S;fg lx;fa /
gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufotsf
ljQLo ljj/0f /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]
9fFrf / tl/sf cg';f/ tof/ eP
gePsf] / pQm ljj/0f a}+s jf
76

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fv]sf] lx;fa
lstfa, axLvftf, >]:tf / n]vf;Fu
b'?:t /x] g/x]sf] ,
-u_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lx;fa
lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vf
7Ls;Fu /fv] g/fv]sf],
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g}
kbflwsf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt
s'g} sfdsfh jf clgoldt sfo{
u/] gu/]sf] jf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] xflg gf]S;fgL eP gePsf],
-_ shf{ ckn]vg ljlgodfjnL jf /fi6
a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd shf{
ckn]vg u/] gu/]sf],
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd ;Gtf]ifk|b
?kaf6 ;~rfng eP gePsf],
-5_ z]o/wgLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{
ljifo,
-h_ k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] ljifo tyf
/fi6 a}+sn] n]vfk/LIfsn]
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{
egL tf]lslbPsf] cGo ljj/0f,
-em_ n]vfk/LIfsn] lbg cfjZos 7fg]sf]
cGo ;'emfj .
-$_ n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt u/]]kl5 /fi6 a}+sn]
cfjZos 7fg]df a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIfsnfO{
b]xfosf yk sfo{ ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn]
cfjZos 7fg]sf] cltl/Qm hfgsf/L k]z ug{,

77

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;xfos
sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
If]qnfO{ cem Jofks agfpg,
-u_ s'g} vf; ljifodf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd
jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ l;kmfl/; u/]
adf]lhd cGo hfF+r ug{ .
^&= n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ sf/afxLsf] l;kmfl/; ug{] M -!_ o; P]g
adf]lhdsf] st{Jo kfngf gug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn]
s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ps jif{b]lv tLg jif{;Dd
n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ gkfpg] u/L n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpg
;DalGwt lgodgsf/L lgsfodf l;kmfl/; u/L k7fpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPdf
;DalGwt lgodgsf/L lgsfon] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
To:tf] n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
^*= n]vfk/LIfsn] k|dfl0ft ug{' kg]{ M n]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn]
k/LIf0f u/]sf] lx;fa lstfa, vftf axL, >]:tf / n]vfdf
cfk"mn] hfFr]sf] ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L b:tvt u/L lg:;f
nufO{ k|dfl0ft ug{' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b!)
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg], ufleg] jf k|flKt ug]{ -PSjLlh;g_
;DaGwL Joj:yf
^(= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ ;Sg] M
-!_ of] P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] k|lqmof k'/f
u/L Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ufEg jf ufleg jf Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf]{ a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yf ;f]xL ju{sf] ljQLo
;+:yf;Fu dfq ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
t/ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s / a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
Ps cfk;df ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ .
78

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg /fi6 a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bgaf6 s'g} a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yf /x]sf] kfOPdf ;f]sf]
sf/0f vf]nL /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;DklQ, bfloTj / Joj;fo csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ufEg jf uflegsf nflu cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ k"FhLsf]if ckof{Kt /x]sf] jf ljut
tLg jif{b]lv ljQLo l:ylt v:sb}
uPsf],
-v_ lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt tyf lgIf]kstf{
k|ltsf] bfloTjdf k|lts"n k|efj kg]{
sfo{ u/]sf] jf To:tf] cj:yf
ljBdfg /x]sf],
-u_ ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :yfloTj, ljsf;
/ ;Da4{gsf] nflu /fli6o /
cGt/f{li6o :t/df k|lt:kwf{Tds
Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ cfjZos
ePsf] .
-$_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg /fi6 a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bgaf6 s'g} a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf b]xfosf s'g} cj:yf /x]sf] kfOPdf ;f]sf]
sf/0f vf]nL /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ k|flKt ug{
jf u/fpg cfjZos lgb]{zg jf ;'emfj lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ Ps} ;d"xsf JolQm, kmd{, sDkgLsf
PseGbf a9L a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfx? ;~rfngdf /xL c:j:y
ljQLo ;DaGw sfod /x]sf],
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf oyfl:yltdf
;~rfng u/fpFbf To;sf]
gsf/fTds k|efjn] lgIf]kstf{,
;j{;fwf/0f z]o/wgL, cGo
;]jfu|fxLsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f x'g
g;Sg] b]lvPsf],
79

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-u_ k|0ffnLut hf]lvd a9\b} uO{
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfx?n] bfloTj
e'QmfgL ug{ ;Ifd g/x]sf],
-3_ lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;j{;fwf/0f
;d"xdf z]o/ lgisf;g gu/]sf],
lgisfl;t z]o/ laqmL ljt/0f
gePsf] jf tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd
;dfg'kflts r'Qmf k"FhL gk'ofPsf],
-_ tLg k6s jf ;f] eGbf a9L zL3|
;'wf/fTds sf/afxLdf k/]sf] jf
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
;ldltdf af/Daf/ ljjfb pTkGg
eO{ ;'zf;gsf] cj:yf sdhf]/
ePsf] .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ cfb]z lbFbf
To:tf] cfb]zdf ;f]sf] k|lqmof ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
&)= ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ufEg jf
ufleg rfx]df ufEg jf ufleg rfxg] b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfcfgf] ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o
u/L ;}4flGts ;xdltsf nflu b]xfosf s'/f v'nfO{ /fi6
a}+sdf ;+o'Qm ?kdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg',
ufleg'sf] cfjZostf tyf cf}lrTo,
;f]af6 a}+ls tyf ljQLo If]q /
ljQLo k|0ffnLdf kg]{ c;/sf]
;fdfGo k|If]k0f,
-v_ ufEg] jf ufleg] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] kl5Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] jf;nft, gfkmf
gf]S;fg lx;fa / gub k|jfx
ljj/0f, v'b ;DklQ nufotsf]
80

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

ljQLo ljj/0f ;lxtsf]
n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-u_ ufEg]] jf ufleg] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] shf{ lnPsf ;fx'x?sf] lxt
;'/Iffy{ ul/Psf] Joj:yf,
-3_ ufleg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] rn
crn ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] e'QmfgL
cjlw ;lxtsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f,
-_ ufEg] jf ufleg] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf]
ljj/0f,
-r_ ufEg] jf ufleg] k|of]hgsf] nflu
k|rlnt sDkgL tyf lwtf]kq
;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt
k|lqmof,
-5_ ;+:yfx?n] ufEg], ufleg] ;DaGwL
u/]sf] k|f/lDes ;Demf}tfkq,
-h_ /fi6 a}+}sn] tf]s]sf] cGo ljifo .
-@_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf k|flKt ug{ rfx]df ;DalGwt b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfcfgf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ljz]if k|:tfj
adf]lhd cfcfgf] ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o u/L
;}4flGts ;xdltsf nflu b]xfosf ljifo v'nfO{ /fi6 a}+sdf
;+o'Qm ?kdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKtsf]
cfjZostf tyf cf}lrTo, ;f]af6
a}+ls tyf ljQLo If]q / ljQLo
k|0ffnLdf kg]{ c;/sf] ;fdfGo
k|If]k0f,
-v_ d"n ;+:yf tyf nlIft ;+:yfsf]
kl5Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
ePsf] jf;nft, gfkmfgf]S;fg
81

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

lx;fa / gub k|jfx ljj/0f, v'b
;DklQ nufotsf] ljQLo ljj/0f
;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg,
-u_ d"n ;+:yf tyf nlIft ;+:yfsf
sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf] ljj/0f,
-3_ k|rlnt sDkgL tyf lwtf]kq
;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt
k|lqmof,
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ;DaGwL
u/]sf] k|f/lDes ;Demf}tfkq,
-r_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf cGo
ljifo .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg pk/
/fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos hfFra'em ug]{5 / To:tf] hfFra'emsf]
l;nl;nfdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZostf cg';f/ lgj]bs;Fu
5nkmn ug{ / yk sfuhft ;d]t dfUf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] hfFra'emaf6 a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEbf jf uflebf jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
k|flKt ubf{ /fi6sf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;,
:jR5 k|lt:kwf{ tyf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngfdf s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ 5}g eGg] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s
;Gt'i6 ePdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ufEg] jf
ufleg] jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt ug]{ k|lqmof cufl8
a9fpg ;}4flGts ;xdlt lbg ;Sg]5 / o;/L ;xdlt lbFbf
/fi6 a}+sn] zt{ tf]Sg jf lgb]{zg lbg ;d]t ;Sg]5 .
&!= ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] d"Nofg ;DaGwL Joa:yf M -!_ bkmf
&) adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg] jf ufleg] ;}4flGts
;xdlt k|fKt u/]kl5 To:tf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cf
cfgf] ;DklQ, bfloTj tyf sf/f]af/sf] d"Nofg ug{
sDtLdf a}+ssf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ of]Uo /x]sf] JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfk;L ;xdltdf d"Nofgstf{ lgo'lQm
u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
82

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] d"Nofg /fi6
a}+sdf lgj]bg lbg' k"j{ g} ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ bkmf &) adf]lhd a+}s jf ljQLo ;+:yf k|flKt
ug{ ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt u/]kl5 nlIft ;+:yfn] cfgf]
;DklQ / bfloTj tyf sf/f]af/sf] kl5Nnf] d"Nofg ug{
cfgf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lgo'Qm ul/Psf] jf ;fwf/0f ;efsf]
clVtof/L adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgo'Qm u/]sf]
n]vfk/LIfsaf6 ;DklQ / bfloTj tyf sf/f]af/sf] kl5Nnf]
cjlwsf] d"Nofg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|fKt ug{] ;+:yfn] nlIft ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ tyf
bfloTjsf] lj:t[t d"Nofg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf]
d"Nofgstf{sf] sfd sf/afxL ljZj;gLo gnfu]df /fi6
a}+sn] lghnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{ d"Nofgstf{sf] lgo'lQm ug{
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ d"Nofgstf{sf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] lgwf{/0f ug{]5 .
-^_ d'Nofgstf{n] ;DklQ, bfloTj, v'b ;DklQ tyf
;du| sf/f]af/sf] d"Nofg ubf{ ;f] ;DaGwdf :yflkt
dfGotf, cfwf/ / ljlw adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ ;DklQ tyf bfloTj d"Nofg ug{] ljlw,
d"Nofgsf cfwf/ / If]qsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos
lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
&@= ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn]
cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s ufEg jf ufleg jf k|flKt ug{
;}4flGts ;xdlt kfPsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ufEg],
ufleg] jf k|flKt ug]{ ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljifox? v'nfO{
;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ lgIf]kstf{, ;fx' tyf z]o/wgLx?sf] lxt
;+/If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ tyf
bfloTjsf] d"Nofg k4lt / ldnfg ;DaGwL
83

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

Joj:yf,
-u_ nufgL tyf sf/f]af/sf] Joj:yfkg,
cGt/;+:yf :jfldTj tyf cGt/;+:yf
n]gb]g ljj/0f, hdfgt jf k|Tofe"ltsf]
ljj/0f, u}/ a}+ls sf/f]af/sf] Joj:yfkg,
;DklQ / bfloTjsf] plrt Joj:yfkg,
-3_ ufEg], ufleg] jf k|flKt ug{] k|lqmof, nfUg]
;do / nfutsf] ljj/0f,
-_ ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;+/rgf /
;~rfnssf] gfdfjnL,
-r_ ufEg, ufleg jf k|flKt ug{ ;}4flGts
;xdlt k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf d"n
;+:yf / nlIft ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tx
ldnfg, ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] ldnfg ug{] Joj:yf,
-5_ pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf z]o/wgL tyf cGo
z]o/wgLx?sf] ljj/0f,
-h_ gofF a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ufEg],
ufleg] eP ;f] ;+:yfsf] gfd, k|aGwkq /
lgodfjnL, k"FhL ;+/rgf, k'g;{+/rgf tyf
ju{,
-em_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf
;DalGwt lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] ;xdlt
kq,
-`_ ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf
g]kfndf /x]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Joj;fo k|flKt ug{] jf To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj;fo g]kfndf
laqmL ug{] eP ;f] ljifo,
-6_ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] u'gf;f]] Joj:yfkg k4lt,
-7_ k|rlnt sfg"g / ;f]sf] kfngf ug{ rflng]
k|lqmof,
84

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-8_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo cfjZos ljj/0f .
&#= :jLs[lt ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ufEg jf ufleg] jf k|flKt ug{
k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg ;}4flGts ;xdlt kfPsf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfcfgf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL
ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ufEg] jf ufleg] jf k|flKt ug]{
sfo{sf] clGtd :jLs[ltsf] lgldQ bkmf &@ adf]lhdsf]
;Demf}tf ;+nUg u/L ;+o'Qm ?kdf /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg pk/ cfjZos
hfFra'em ubf{ To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu yk hfgsf/L
jf sfuhft dfu ug{ cfjZos b]v]df /fi6 a}+sn] yk
hfgsf/L jf sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd hfFra'em ubf{ a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEbf jf ufleFbf jf k|flKt ubf{ ljQLo
If]qdf :j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f, s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] Psflwsf/ jf lgolGqt cEof; sfod x'g;Sg],
g;Sg] tyf ;du| a+}ls tyf ljQLo ;+/rgf, ljQLo ahf/
tyf artstf{x?nfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kg]{ ;Defjgf tyf ufleP
kl5sf] ;+:yfdf pNn]Vo :jfldTj sfod x'g] ;+:yfkssf]
pko'Qmtf k/LIf0f -lkm6 P08 k|f]k/ 6]:6_ ;d]t u/L /fi6
a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ Ps cfk;df ufEg, ufleg
jf k|flKt ug{ zt{ jf ;Ldf tf]sL clGtd :jLs[lt lbg
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt lbg pko'Qm x'g]
gb]lvPdf /fi6 a}+sn] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L kF}tfnL;
lbgleq ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lbg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[lt k|fKt ;+:yfx?nfO{
uflePs} jf k|flKt u/]s} sf/0fn] o; P]gdf pNn]v ePsf /
/fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]sf lgb{]zgx? k'/f ug{ sl7gfO ePdf
cfjZostf / cf}lrTosf] cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd
5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ ufEg], ufleg] jf k|flKt ug]{ ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
85

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

&$= sf/f]af/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] M /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ s'g}
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} klg zfvf sfof{no jf ;f]sf]
s'g} klg ;DklQ tyf sf/f]af/ csf]{ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] cfk;L ;xdltdf k|fKt jf x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b!!
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hL
&%= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :j]lR5s vf/]hL M -!_ :j]lR5s
vf/]hLdf hfg rfxg] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] :j]lR5s
vf/]hLsf] sfo{of]hgf ;lxt /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] lgj]bg
pk/ hfFra'em u/L To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ljb]zL
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] g]kfnl:yt zfvf jf sfof{non]
cfgf] C0f tyf bfloTj k"0f{ ?kdf e'QmfgL ug{ ;Ifd 5
eGg] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] zt{;lxt
:j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] ;}4flGts ;xdlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+saf6 ;}4flGts
;xdlt k|fKt ug{] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf
sfo{x? ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] ;ft
lbgleq sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{nodf
;f]sf] hfgsf/L btf{ u/fpg],
-v_ ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] tL;
lbgleq ;Dk"0f{ lgIf]kstf{, ;fx' jf
;DalGwt JolQmx?nfO{ l56f], 5l/tf]] /
ljZj;gLo dfWodaf6 ;f]sf] ;"rgf k7fpg],
-u_ ;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] tL;
lbgleq /fli6o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf ;f]
;DaGwL ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{,
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
86

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

&^= :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] k|f/De M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] :j]lR5s vf/]hL
ug{ clGtd :jLs[lt lbPsf] ldltb]lv a+}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
:j]lR5s vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]]5 .
-@_ bkmf &% adf]lhd :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] ;}4flGts
;xdlt k|fKt ug{] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+saf6
:j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] clGtd :jLs[lt lng' cl3 b]xfosf
sfo{x? k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ ;Dk"0f{ lgIf]k tyf bfloTj
tf]lsPsf] ;doleq lkmtf{ jf k"/f
u/]sf] x'g'kg{],
-v_ sf/f]af/ ;~rfng aGb ug{'kg{] /
s'g} gofF sf/f]af/ gug{],
-u_ :j]lR5s vf/]hL ug{ cTofjZos
x'g] afx]s cGo clwsf/ k|of]u ug{
gkfOg] .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/afxL ug]{
l;nl;nfdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos lgb]{zg hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] /sd tyf
cGo bfloTj e'QmfgL kfpg] JolQmn] tf]lsPsf] ;doleq
e'QmfgL lng gcfPdf pQm /sd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbP
adf]lhdsf] vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] nflu lbPsf] :jLs[ltsf]
sf/0fn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf lgIf]kstf{ / cGo
;fx'x?sf] xslxtnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{
5}g .
-^_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
o; P]g adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/afxL ;dfKt ePkl5 To:tf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;f]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg /fi6
a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ k"/f ug]{ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] :j]lR5s vf/]hLsf] clGtd

87

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

:jLs[lt lbg]5 . /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq /2 ug]{5 .
-*_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] tTsfn bfaLdf gcfPsf] lgIf]k afkt ltg'{ a'emfpg'
kg]{ /sd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbP adf]lhd 5'6\ofO{ /fVg'
kg]{5 .
&&= bfloTjdf c;/ gkg]{ M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf vf/]h ePsf] sf/0faf6 o; P]g jf cGo
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g}
z]o/wgL, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf
cGo JolQmsf] bfloTjdf s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g .

kl/R5]b!@
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL
&*= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g}
klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sf/afxL
;'? ug{ cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] sf/afxLsf]
lgj]bgsf] ;"rgf /fli6o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{
kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
vf/]hLsf] sf/afxL k|f/De ug{ cbfnt ;dIf k]z u/]sf]
lgj]bg;fy /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf sfuhkq ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{
kg]{5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds
vf/]hL ug{sf] nflu bkmf &(
adf]lhdsf] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf]
sf/0f ;lxtsf] ljj/0f, /
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo
ljj/0f .

88

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf] s'g} JolQmn] /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ bkmf &(
adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afWofTds vf/]hLdf kg{ ;Sg]
cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] cfwf/ v'nfO{ cbfnt ;dIf vf/]hLsf]
nflu lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ e'QmfgL of]Uo lgIf]k /sd e'QmfgL
dfu ubf{ To:tf] e'QmfgL gkfpg]
kRrL; k|ltzteGbf a9L lgIf]k
/sdsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] jf Ps
k|ltzteGbf a9L lgIf]kstf{sf]
;fd"lxs lgj]bg, jf
-v_ k|rlnt bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL sfg"g
adf]lhd afWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu
lgj]bg lbg ;Ifd JolQm .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -#_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bgsf]
cfwf/df cbfntn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hLsf]
k|lqmof ;'? ug{ cfb]z lbPdf To:tf] cfb]z ePsf] ldltb]lv
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|lqmof ;'?
x'g]5 .
&(= a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL x'g ;Sg] cj:yf M
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL
x'g ;Sg]5 M
-s_ e'QmfgL cjlw k"/f ePsf] jf tTsfn
e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ lgIf]k jf cGo cfly{s
bfloTj lgwf{l/t ;dodf e'QmfgL ug{ g;sL
afFsL /x]df,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k"FhLsf]if C0ffTds
ePdf,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf]
cfwf/df /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf vf/]hLsf] nflu l;kmfl/; u/]df,

89

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj
ePsf z]o/wgL jf kbflwsf/Laf6
lgIf]kstf{sf] xslxt tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf;df af/Daf/ cj/f]w k'Ug] sfd
sf/afxL u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-_ o; P]g tyf /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf]
af/Daf/ pNn+3g u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL
x'g] egL /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf cGo
cj:yf kfOPdf .
*)= sf/f]af/ :yug x'g] M -!_ bkmf &* adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf nflu cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg] lalQs} /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{
ljQLo sf/f]af/ :yug ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] :yugsf]
cfb]z lbFbf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
Ohfhtkq vf/]h ug{ ;Sg]5 .
*!= lnlSj8]6/sf] lgo'lQm M -!_ cbfntn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf afWofTds vf/]hLdf n}hfg] sfd sf/afxL k|f/De ug{
/fi6 a}+snfO{ lnlSj8]6/sf]] lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf]df
/fi6 a}+sn] kGw| lbgleq sDtLdf tLg hgfnfO{ lnlSj8]6/df
lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] cbfnt ;dIf
lnlSj8]6/sf] l;kmfl/; ubf{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
bfdf;fxL Joj;foLsf] sfo{ ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt JolQm
dWo]af6 a}+ls tyf ljQLo If]qsf] cg'ej ePsf] JolQm
l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd l;kmfl/; ul/Psf tLg
JolQmdWo] s'g} Ps JolQmnfO{ cbfntn] lnlSj8]6/sf] ?kdf
lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
90

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/ lgo'lQm ePkl5
To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt :jtM
lj36g ePsf] dflgg]5 / lnlSj8]6/n] cGoyf cfb]z
lbPsf]df afx]s To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lgo'Qm u/]sf
;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jf :jtM cGTo
x'g]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] lnlSj8]6/n]
/fhLgfdf lbPdf, lghsf] d[To' ePdf jf lgh tf]lsPsf] sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;Ifd ePsf] s'/f /fi6 a}+snfO{ nfu]df /fi6
a}+sn] lghnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{ lnlSj86/ lgo'lQm u/L kfpg o;
bkmf adf]lhd cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ lnlSj8]6/sf] kfl/>lds tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf /fi6
a}+ssf] l;kmfl/;df cbfntn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
*@= lnlSj8]6/sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/afxL k|f/De ug{]
k|of]hgsf] nflu lgo'Qm lnlSj8]6/n] cfkm" lgo'Qm eP kl5
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/afxL ug{' kg]{5 M
-s_ lgo'lQm ePsf] kGw| lbgleq a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf z]o/wgLx? tyf
;DalGwt JolQmx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf
nflu /fli6o:t/sf] s'g} g]kfnL /
c+u|]hL efiffsf] b}lgs klqsfdf
;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{,
-v_ lgo'lQm ePsf] kGw| lbgleq
afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL
cfb]zsf] k|dfl0ft k|lt ;+nUg u/L
hfgsf/Lsf] nflu sDkgL
/lhi6f/sf] sfof{Nfo / lgIf]k
;'/If0f ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd :yflkt ePsf] ;+:yfdf
k7fpg],
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/
x'g] d'Vo :yfg tyf ;f]sf] k|To]s
91

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

sfof{nodf ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf
To:tf] cfb]zsf] ;"rgf 6fF; ug]{,
u/fpg],
-3_ lgo'lQm ePkl5 k|To]s ;ftf
sDtLdf Ps k6ssf b/n] rf/
;ftf;Dd /fli6o:t/df k|;f/0f x'g]
Ps 6]lnlehg tyf Ps /]l8of]df
;f]sf] ;"rgf k|;f/0f ug]{,
-_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|fKt
u/]kl5 sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{non] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf;Fu ;DalGwt btf{ lstfadf afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfo{
k|f/De ug]{ cfb]z ePsf] Joxf]/f hgfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; P]gdf cGoq plNnlvt sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/sf cltl/Qm /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL
lnlSj8]6/sf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfof{no,
vftf axL, n]vf, clen]v tyf
hfoh]yfsf] lhDdf lng],
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf
Joj:yfkgsf cTofjZos lgoldt
sfo{ ug]{,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 /
;f]sf] gfddf ug'{kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfd
ug]{, u/fpg],
-3_ cfgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u
k'ofpgsf nflu sd{rf/L lgo'Qm
ug]{,
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng,
Joj:yfkg tyf vf/]hLsf] sfd
sf/afxL ug{ cfjZos vr{ ug{],
92

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-r_ lgIf]k ;'/If0f ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd :yflkt ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo
ug{],
-5_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL,
;fwf/0f ;ef, ;~rfns ;ldlt
tyf kbflwsf/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
clwsf/ k|of]u ug{],
-h_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj;fo /
ljQLo cj:yfsf] hfFra'em ug]{],
-em_ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ jf cf+lzs
;DklQ tyf bfloTj csf]{ a+}s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf ufEg] jf
x:tfGt/0f ug]{,
-~f_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hfoh]yf
;'/If0f /fvL C0f k|fKt ug]{,
-6_ s'g} ;DklQ a]rlavg ubf{ jf s'g}
s/f/ jf bfloTj cGTo ubf{ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ kmfObf x'G5 eGg]
nfu]df To:tf] ;DklQ a]rlavg ug]{
jf To:tf] s/f/ jf bfloTjsf]
cGTo ug]{,
-7_ cfjZostf cg';f/ cfgf] sfddf
;xof]u k'ofpg Jofj;flos tyf
of]Uo JolQmsf] ;]jf lng],
-8_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]] s'g} ;fx' jf
C0fL;Fu cfjZos 5nkmn /
ldnfkq ug]{,
-9_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hfoh]yf
;ng ug]{, ;+/If0f ug]{, laqmL ug]{
/ o; P]g adf]lhd ljt/0f ug]{,

93

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-0f_ ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf
s'g} JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
jf lgIf]kstf{ jf ;fx'x?nfO{
hfn;fhL, 7uL jf e'mSofpg] sfo{
u/] gu/]sf] af/]df hfFra'em ug]{ /
To:tf JolQmsf] lj?df cfjZos
sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfpg] jf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 s'g} d'2f
jf s'g} sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfpg] jf
To;sf] k|lt/Iff ug]{,
-t_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} ;DklQ
s;}n] k|of]u u/]sf] eP ;f] lkmtf{
lng] jf To:tf] ;DklQ jf ab/
ePsf] sf/f]af/af6 /sd lkmtf{ lng
sfg"gL sf/afxL rnfpg],
-y_ k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf /fi6 a}+sn]
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 9fFrfdf vf/]hLsf
;DaGwdf ePsf] sf/afxLsf]
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L cbfnt / /fi6
a}+sdf k]z ug]{,
-b_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf vf/]h ug{
cfjZos cGo ;a} sfd sf/afxL
ug]{, u/fpg],
-w_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-$_ lnlSj8]6/n] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g}
clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ jf st{Jo kfngf ubf{ s'g} afwf pTkGg
x'g cfPdf ;f]sf] k'ms'jf ug{sf nflu lghn] cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] lgj]bgdf
plNnlvt sf/0f dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] pko'Qm cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .

94

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

*#= vf/]hL ;DaGwL cfb]zsf] k|efj M -!_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL k|f/De
ug{ cbfntn] cfb]z u/]sf]df To:tf] cfb]zaf6 b]xfosf
ljifodf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} bfaL
jf clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhdsf] s'g} xbDofb
;dfKt ePsf]df To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ;DaGwL
sf/afxL k|f/De ug{ cbfntaf6
cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf;Dd
To:tf] bfaL jf clwsf/sf] xbDofb
:jtM la:tf/ x'g]5 .
-v_ v08 -u_ df plNnlvt cj:yfdf
afx]s a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;DklQ jf hfoh]yf s'g} klg
lsl;dn] /f]Ssf /x]sf]] jf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] lnPsf] shf{ afkt
lwtf] /x]sf] eP ;f] :jtM km's'jf
x'g]5 .
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]k lng]
tyf shf{ lbg] sfd sf/afxL :jtM
aGb x'g]5 .
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf lj?4df
s'g} cbfntdf /x]sf] cbfntL
sf/afxLx? :jtM :ylut x'g]5 /
cbfntn] cGoyf cfb]z u/]sf]df
afx]s To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
lj?4sf] cbfntL sf/afxL hufpg
;lsg]
5}g .
t/ To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf ;DaGwdf ;af]{Rr
95

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

cbfntdf s'g} d'2f ljrf/flwg
/x]sf] ePdf jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6
cfjZos lgsf;f lng h?/L ePdf
/fi6 a}+sn] ;f] cbfnt ;dIf
lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] bfloTjdf
Aofh jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] yk
b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .
-r_ To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/
x:tfGt/0f, lwtf]aGws jf bflvn
vf/]h x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{
:jLs[lt lnO{ x:tfGt/0f,
lwtf]aGws jf bflvn vf/]h ug{
;lsg]5 .
-@_ cbfntn] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd k|f/De ug{
cfb]z lbPsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf cl3 ul/Psf] s'g} klg sfd
sf/afxLn] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]kstf{ /
;fx'x?sf] lxtnfO{ Iflt jf xflg gf]S;fgL k'ofpg] s'/fsf]
s'g} lsl;daf6 lnlSj8]6/nfO{ hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf
lnlSj8]6/n] ;f] s'/fsf] lgj]bg cbfnt ;dIf k]z u/L ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+s ;d]tnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/n] k]z u/]sf]
lgj]bgdf cbfntn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL
ePsf] b]v]df To:tf] sfd sf/afxL cdfGo / ab/ ePsf]
3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ pkxf/ k|bfg ug{] lg0f{o ul/Psf]
ePdf,
-v_ lgIf]kstf{ jf ;fx'xsf] xs
lxtnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'ofpg]
sfo{ ul/Psf] ePdf,

96

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-u_ shf{ r'Qmf ug'{ kg]{ ldlteGbf
cufl8 g} ul/Psf] e'QmfgL jf
x:tfGt/0f jf shf{sf] Dofb e'Qmfg
x'g' cl3 g} lwtf]sf] km's'jf,
x:tfGt/0f jf bflvn vf/]h ePdf,
-3_ s'g} sfd sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;fdfGo
jf k|rngdf /x]sf] eGbf yk
bfloTj kfg]{ u/L s/f/ ePsf]
kfOPdf,
-_ o; P]g adf]lhd ug{ kfpg]
lgoldt a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/eGbf km/s Joj:yf u/L
s'g} ;Demf}tf jf sf/f]af/ ePsf]
kfOPdf,
-r_ ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/L lbg] u/L
s/f/ ul/Psf] ePdf .
-$_ s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afWofTds vf/]hLdf
k/]sf] eP b]xfosf sf/f]af/x? ab/ x'g] 5g\ M
-s_ afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL
k|f/De x'g'eGbf 5 dlxgf cl3 jf
;f] sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] 5
dlxgfsf] cjlwleq ul/Psf
cu|flwsf/o'Qm sf/f]af/x?,
-v_ afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL
k|f/De x'g'eGbf Ps jif{ cl3 jf
;f] sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] Ps
jif{sf] cjlwleq ;Da4 JolQm;Fu
ePsf cu|flwsf/o'Qm sf/f]af/x?,
-u_ afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL
k|f/De x'g'eGbf Ps jif{ cl3 jf ;f]
sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] Ps jif{sf]
97

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

cjlwleq sd d"No /fvL s'g}
sf/f]af/ eO{ ;f]sf] kl/0ffd :j?k
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afWofTds
vf/]hLdf k/]df jf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL
sf/afxL ;'? ePkl5 sd d"No
/fvL eP u/]sf cGo sf/f]af/,
-3_ afWofTds vf/]hL ;DaGwL sf/afxL
k|f/De ug'{eGbf b'O{ jif{ cl3 jf
;f] sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] b'O{
jif{sf] cjlwleq eP u/]sf
hfn;fhk"0f{ sf/f]af/x?,
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf sf/f]af/nfO{ ab/
u/fpg lnlSj8]6/n] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ s'g} sf/f]af/ ab/ x'g] s'/fdf cbfnt ;Gt'i6
ePdf cbfntn] b]xfosf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf]
sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf e'QmfgL u/]sf]
;Dk"0f{ jf s]xL /sd lnlSj8]6/nfO{
e'QmfgL ug{ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{
cfb]z lbg],
-v_ To;/L sf/f]af/ ePsf] hfoh]yf jf
;f] a/fa/sf] d"No lnlSj8]6/nfO{
a'emfpg ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ cfb]z
lbg],
-u_ To:tf] sf/f]af/sf] dfWodaf6 a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lnPsf] C0f, ;f]
C0fsf] nflu a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
lbPsf] ;'/If0f jf hdfgt k"/} jf
cf+lzs ?kdf 5'6 jf d'Qm ug]{
cfb]z lbg],

98

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-3_ ab/ x'g] sf/f]af/sf] kmn:j?k a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf / csf]{ JolQmaLr
ePsf] dfkmL, ;'Dk'jf jf ;Demf}tf
ab/ x'g], k|efjxLg x'g] jf
sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg] cfb]z lbg],
-_ o; pkbkmf adf]lhdsf] cfb]z
sfof{Gjog ug{ cGo s'g} yk cfb]z
lbg' kg]{ ePdf cbfntn] To:tf]
cfb]z ;d]t lbg] .
-&_ pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/afxL
s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo JolQmn] u/]sf]
sf/0faf6 a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} xflg gf]S;fgL k'Ug
uPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] xflg gf]S;fgL lghx?n] JolQmut
?kdf Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
*$= ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] nut M -!_ lnlSj8]6/n]] o; P]g
adf]lhd afWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;DklQ, bfloTj jf ;DefJo bfloTjsf] cljnDa nut tof/
u/L Ps k|lt /fi6 a}+s ;dIf a'emfO{ Ps k|lt ;DalGwt a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nutdf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgIf]kstf{
tyf ;fx'x? k|ltsf] bfloTj,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{
;DklQ tyf ;a} k|sf/sf bfloTjsf]
ljj/0f / ;f]sf] cg'dflgt d"No,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;]jf k|fKt
ug{ u/]sf] s/f/,
-3_ afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|lqmofdf hfg]
cfb]z x'g' eGbf 5 dlxgf cl3sf]
cjlwdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
u/]sf] dxTjk"0f{ sf/f]af/ .
99

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nutnfO{ lnSjL8]6/n]
q}dfl;s kdf cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 / ;fx'x?n] lg/LIf0f ug{
rfx]sf] avt pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
*%= sf/f]af/ cGTo ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ lnlSj8]6/n] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/afxL k|f/De ug{
cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf]] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq To:tf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgDg sf/f]af/ cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] u/]sf]
/f]huf/L ;DaGwL s'g} s/f/,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf kIf ePsf]
s'g} klg ;]jf afkt ul/Psf] s/f/,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;+/Ifs
-6i6L_ sf] x}l;otdf ub}{ cfPsf
;Dk"0f{ sfo{ tyf s/f/,
-3_ cfjZostf / kl/l:ylt adf]lhd
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf zfvf sfof{nosf
s'g} klg lgoldt sfd sf/afxL,
-_ s'g} ;Ldf lagf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] bfloTj axg ug'{ kg]{ egL
eP u/]sf s'g} klg bfloTj,
-r_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfd
sf/afxL .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cGTo ePsf s'g} klg sfd
sf/faf/ afkt To:tf] sf/f]af/ cGTo ul/Psf] lbg ;Ddsf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ltg'{ a'emfpg' jf axg ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj
afx]s cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] yk /sd tyf Ifltk"lt{ bfaL
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
*^= bfaL k]z ug]{ ;"rgf M lnlSj8]6/n] o; P]g adf]lhd
afWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] bfaL x'g] JolQmn] o; bkmf adf]lhd clGtd ;"rgf
k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq cfgf] bfaL
100

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

tyf cfkm"n] kfpg ;Sg] /sd a'em\g] dfWod pNn]v u/L
ljj/0f k]z ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;doleq b]xfo adf]lhd
;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ /fli6o:t/sf] s'g} g]kfnL / c+u|]hL efiffsf]
b}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ x'g] d'Vo
:yfg tyf ;f]sf] k|To]s sfof{nodf ;a}n]
b]Vg] 7fpFdf ;"rgf 6fF; ug]{ u/fpg] .
*&= lnlSj8]6/n] bfaL :jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf
*^ adf]lhd bfaL k/]sf] gAa] lbgleq ;f] pk/ cfjZos
hfFra'em u/L lnlSj8]6/n]] k|fKt k|df0fsf] cfwf/df ;f] bfaL
k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf :jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ u/]sf] hfgsf/L
bfaLstf{nfO{ lbg' kg{]5 / ;f]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;d]t
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfkm\gf] bfaL cf+lzs
:jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ePsf bfaLstf{n] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
kfPsf] kGw| lbgleq cfgf] yk k|df0f eP ;f] ;d]t
;dfj]z u/L bfaL k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] bfaLdf s'g}
;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf lnlSj8]6/n] cf+lzs jf k"0f{ kdf
;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lnSjL8]6/n] u/]sf]
lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em]df To:tf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L kfPsf]
ldltn] PSsfO{; lbgleq bfaLstf{n] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
**= bfaLsf] jlu{s/0f M -!_ lnSjL8]6/n] bkmf *& adf]lhd
:jLs[t, cf+lzs ?kdf :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t bfaLnfO{ ;f]xL
adf]lhd 5'f5'} zLif{sdf 5'6\ofO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cf+lzs kdf :jLs[t
bfaLnfO{ :jLs[t ePhlt :jLs[t / afFsLnfO{ c:jLs[t
bfaLsf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

101

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ bfaLsf] ;"rL tof/ ubf{ To:tf] ;"rLdf
bfaLstf{sf] gfd, 7]ufgf, e'QmfgL x'g] :yfg, ldlt, /sd tyf
bfaL ;'/lIft ug]{ lwtf] eP gePsf] ljj/0f ;d]t k|i6 ?kdf
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} bfaLsf] af/]df ljjfb /xL ;f]sf] lg0f{o
geP;Dd To:tf] bfaLnfO{ ljjflbt bfaLsf] ;"rLdf /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-%_ :jLs[t / d"No lglZrt gePsf bfaLnfO{
lnlSj8]6/n] cfk"mn] tf]s]sf] ;"rL cGtu{t ;"rLs[t ug'{
kg]{5 .
-^_ ;'/lIft ;fx'x?sf] bfaLsf] 5'} juL{s/0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-&_ :jLs[t bfaLnfO{ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] e'QmfgLsf]
k|fyldstf qmddf /xg] u/L ;"rLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 .
*(= ;fx'x?sf] ;ef M -!_ afWofTds vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/afxL
k|f/De ePsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;fx'x?n] cfk;L
5nkmn / ;xdltsf] nflu ;fx'x?sf] ;ef u7g ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{ tyf lbPsf]
lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|lqmofdf uPsf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lnlSj8]6/n] To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;fx' / C0fLx?;Fu cfjZostf cg';f/ jftf{ u/L
;xdlt sfod ug{ ;Sg]5 .
()= vf/]hL of]hgf M -!_ bkmf ** adf]lhd bfaLsf] juL{s/0f ug]{
sfo{ ;dfKt ePkl5 ;f]sf]] tL; lbgleq lnlSj8]6/n] ;f] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL k|lqmofsf] lj:t[t of]hgf tof/
kf/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu cbfnt ;dIf k]z u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
/fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] vf/]hL of]hgfdf
b]xfosf ljifox ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 M

102

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ jf
bfloTjsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f, ;f]sf]
k|s[lt / kl/0ffd,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljut /
k|If]lkt cfo tyf Joosf] ljj/0f,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jt{dfg
cfly{s sf/f]af/ hf/L /fVg] jf /2
ug]{ ;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f,
-3_ cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o jf cfb]z,
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf]
s;'/ jf cGo u}/sfg"gL sfd
sf/afxL afkt Ifltk"lt{ dfu ug{
ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f,
-r_ bfaL juL{s/0f tyf e'QmfgL
k|fyldstf ;lxtsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f,
-5_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] d'Vo
;DklQ jf ;DklQx?sf] ;d"xsf]
laqmL tyf t/ntf ;DaGwL of]hgf,
-h_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] bfloTj
tyf cfufdL gAa] lbgleq
lgIf]kstf{ / ;fx'x?nfO{ ltg'{kg]{
;DefJo e'QmfgL ljj/0f tflnsf,
-em_ afWofTds vf/]hLsf] nfut tyf
vr{,
-`_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo ljj/0f .
-#_ lnlSj8]6/n] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] vf/]hL
of]hgfnfO{ q}dfl;s kdf cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ vf/]hL of]hgfnfO{ cbfntn] :jLs[t u/]kl5 ;f]
of]hgfdf bfaL pNn]v ePsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf
;fx'xnfO{ lg/LIf0fsf] nflu pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
103

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-%_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg afWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
k"0f{ jf cf+lzs kdf nufgL u/L k'gM kF"hLs[t ul/g] 5}g .
(!= lgIf]kstf{nfO{ tTsfn k]ZsL lbg ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf
cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lnlSj8]6/n]
afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|lqmofdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
lgIf]kstf{x?nfO{ lgIf]k ljt/0fsf] ;dodf lx;fa ldnfg x'g]
u/L k]ZsLsf] ?kdf k|lt vftf a9Ldf Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf] k]ZsL bkmf ($
adf]lhd e'QmfgL ubf{sf avt ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 .
(@= ;DklQ laqmL ug]{ clwsf/ M /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf]
cwLgdf /xL lnlSj8]6/n] afWofTds vf/]hL k|lqmofdf uPsf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;fx'sf] :jLs[t bfaLsf] ;'/If0f afkt
lbOPsf] ;DklQ nufot To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cGo
;Dk"0f{ ;DklQnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL ug{ u/fpg
;Sg]5 M
-s_ ahf/df ;lhn};Fu laqmL ug{ ;lsg]
lwtf]kq, ljb]zL d'b|f jf ahf/df t'?Gt}
laqmL x'g ;Sg] ;DklQnfO{ sf/f]af/ x'g]
:yfgdf,
-v_ ;fx'sf] shf{ ;'/If0f afkt lbPsf] ahf/df
;lhn} laqmL x'g] lwtf]kq, ljb]zL d'b|f jf
cGo ;DklQ lwtf] lng] ;fx'x? :jo+n] laqmL
ug{,
-u_ ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ dgfl;a d"No
k|fKt x'Fb}g eGg] lnlSj8]6/nfO{ nfu]df cGo
s'g} klg ta/af6 laqmL ug{,
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd cGo Joj:yf
ug{ .
(#= bfaL km5\of}{6sf] ;"rgf M lnlSj8]6/n] bkmf () adf]lhdsf]
vf/]hL of]hgf adf]lhd bfaL km5\of}{6 ug{ bfaLsf] k|s[lt,
104

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

kl/df0f / e'QmfgL k|fyldstf ;d]t v'nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
($= e'QmfgLsf] k|fyldstf M -!_ afWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] k|fyldstf qmdfg';f/ bfloTj
e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ afWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu ePsf]] vr{,
-v_ lgIf]kstf{sf] s'n :jLs[t bfaL /sdsf]
;Ldfdf ga9\g] u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
ePsf lgIf]k aLdf ;'/If0f;Ddsf] /sd jf
To:tf] /sd lgIf]k /sd sfg"g adf]lhd
:yfkgf ePsf] lgIf]k aLdf ;'/If0f ug{]
;+:yfnfO{ e'StfgL u/]sf] eP ;f] a/fa/sf]
/sd .
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd e'StfgL eO{ afFsL x'g
cfPsf] lgIf]k,
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbg'
kg]{ tnj eQf tyf cGo bfloTj afktsf]
/sd,
-_ g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfo jf /fi6
a}+snfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd,
-r_ cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ltg{ afFsL
z'Ns jf d"Nofg afkt ltg'{kg]{ /sd,
-5_ cGo ;fx' jf cGo bfaL afktsf] /sd,
-h_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf z]o/wgLx? .
-@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg bkmf (! adf]lhd laqmL ljt/0f ubf{ laqmL ljt/0f
gePsf] s'g} ;DklQ s'g} ;fx'n] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6
cfkm"n] kfpg ;Sg] /sd afkt a'em\g d~h'/ u/L lgj]bg
lbPdf To:tf] ;DklQsf] d"No /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf]
dfkb08sf] cwLgdf /xL lnlSj8]6/n] To:tf] ;fx'nfO{ ;f]
;DklQ x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
105

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg ;'/lIft ;fx'x?sf] ;'/If0f afkt s'g} ;DklQ /flvPsf]
eP To:tf] ;DklQ lghx?sf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ dfq k|of]u
ul/g]5 .
(%= a'em\g gcfPsf] j:t' jf /sd M bfaL jf bfloTjsf] ljj/0f
cg';f/ cfgf] /sd jf j:t' lkmtf{ lng o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhd ;"rgf lbOPsf]df tf]lsPsf] ;dodf To:tf] /sd jf
j:t' lkmtf{ lng ;DalGwt JolQm gcfPdf To:tf] j:t' jf
/sd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbP adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/ jf cGo
lgsfosf] lhDdfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
(^= vf/]hLsf] lg0f{o M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd afWofTds
vf/]hLdf /x]sf] / /fi6 a}+saf6 Ohfhtkq /2 ePsf] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hLsf] nflu lnlSj8]6/n] vf/]hLsf]
sfd ;DkGg eP kl5 ;f] sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f ;lxt
cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lnlSj8]6/n] cbfnt ;dIf
lgj]bg u/]df ;f] pk/ cbfntn] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L
To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf afWofTds vf/]hLdf uPsf]
lg0f{o lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cbfntn] lbPsf] lg0f{o
lnlSj8]6/n] g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL efiffsf Ps Ps j6f
/fli6o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf sDtLdf Ps Ps k6s k|sfzg
ug'{ kg]{5 / To;/L k|sfzg ubf{ cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]z
tyf vf/]hL k|ltj]bgsf] d'Vo ljifo ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sflzt ePkl5
lnlSj8]6/n] ;f] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd sDkgL btf{sf]
;"rLaf6 x6fpg sDkgL /lhi6f/nfO{ cg'/f]w ug{]5 / ;f]xL
adf]lhd sDkgL /lhi6f/n] pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd
sDkgL] btf{ lstfaaf6 x6fOPsf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd x6fOPsf] ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sfzg ePkl5 pQm a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds
106

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

vf/]hLsf] sfd sf/afxL cGTo x'g]5 / To:tf] a}+s, ljQLo
;+:yf ljlwjt lj36g ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLn] ;f]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'g} ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v,
kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L, ;f]sf] z]o/wgL jf cGo JolQmsf] o;
P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] s'g} bfloTj eP To:tf]
bfloTj sfod g} /xg]5 .
(&= PseGbf a9L d'n'sdf sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
afWofTds vf/]hL M PseGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|lqmof
/fi6 a}+sn] cGt/f{li6o k|rngnfO{ dWogh/ u/L lgwf{/0f u/]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ PseGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL o;} kl/R5]b adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
(*= bfaL gnfUg] M bkmf *^ adf]lhd cfgf] bfaL k]z ug{
;"rgf ubf{ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq bfaL k]z gug]{ ;fx' tyf
cGo JolQmn] bfaL k]z ug]{ cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 s'g} bfaL
k]z ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
t/ lgIf]kstf{sf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sd pk/ bfaL
gk/]sf] sf/0fn] lghsf] xsdf s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g .

kl/R5]b!#
sf/afxL, s;'/ tyf b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf
((= lgodgsf] sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g
jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf
cfb]zsf] pNn+3g ug]{] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ pNn+3gsf]
k|s[lt / uflDeo{ x]/L /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} Ps
jf Ps eGbf a9L sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ ;r]t u/fpg] jf lnlvt r]tfjgL
lbg],
107

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-v_ ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNgsf nflu
;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ sa'lnotgfdf
u/fpg],
-u_ of] P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf] lgod,
ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf cfb]zsf]
pNn+3g gug{ jf ;'wf/fTds
sbd rfNg lnlvt cfb]z hf/L
ug{],
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfgf]
z]o/wgLnfO{ lbg] nfef+zsf] ljt/0f
jf af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug{ jf
nfef+z ljt/0f jf af]g; z]o/
hf/L ug]{ sfo{df k|ltaGw nufpg],
-_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] :jLsf/ ug{
;Sg] lgIf]k jf lbg ;Sg] shf{ jf
lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug{ jf shf{ lbg]
sfo{df ;Ldf tf]Sg] jf k|ltaGw
nufpg],
-r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/df
cf+lzs jf k"0f{ k|ltaGw nufpg] .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf cj:yfdf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq
lgnDag jf /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{
Ohfhtkq k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] 5
dlxgfleq a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ ;'? gu/]df,
-v_ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt glnO{ a}+ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ aGb
u/]df,
-u_ lgIf]kstf{sf] xslxt ljk/Lt x'g]
108

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

u/L a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng u/]df jf dfu]sf] jf Dofb
k'u]sf] lgIf]k dfu ubf{ lkmtf{
gu/]df jf ug{ g;s]df,
-3_ /fi6 a}+s P]g, o; P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod,
lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf] zt{ pNn+3g u/]df jf
kfngf gu/]df,
-_ e'mf ljj/0f k]z u/L a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkq k|fKt
u/]sf] kfOPdf,
-r_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lgIf]k
;'/If0f gu/fPdf .
-#_ s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks,
z]o/wgL, ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf
cGo s'g} ;DalGwt JolQmn] of] P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb{]zg jf cfb]zsf]
pNn+3g u/]df /fi6 a}+sn] pNn+3gsf] k|s[lt tyf uflDeo{
x]/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L sf/afxL ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ lghn] lnPsf] ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ hkmt tyf
/f]Ssf ug]{ / ;f] z]o/ cGo
JolQmnfO{ laqmL ug{ ;~rfns
;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg],
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
;ldlt, ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L /
cGo sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] a}7s eQf,
dfl;s kfl/>lds nufotsf s]xL
jf ;a} ;'ljwf /f]Ssf jf
lgnDagdf /fVg ;~rfns
;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg],
109

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cWoIf,
;~rfns, k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t
jf k|d'v sfo{sf/Lsf] x}l;otdf
sfd ug{] s'g} klg JolQm jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ /fi6 a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f
jf cg'udgaf6 lgIf]kstf{,
z]o/wgL tyf Ohfhtkq k|fKt
;+:yfsf] lxtdf sfd gu/]sf]
kfOPdf lghnfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{
;f] kbaf6 x6fpg],
t/ o; v08 adf]lhdsf]
sf/afxL ubf{ lghnfO{ cfkm" pk/
nfu]sf] cf/f]ksf] ;kmfO k]z ug{
tLgb]lv kGw| lbgsf] ;do lbg'
kg]{5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cjsfz kfP
afktdf s'g} klg Ifltk"lt{ jf
sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLdf Joj:yf
ePsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g / /fi6
a}+saf6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt s'g} klg
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf kfFr
jif{;Ddsf nflu ;]jfdf axfn /xg
cof]Uo dflgg]5 .
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ubf{
To:tf] sf/afxLdf kg{] ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L jf cGo sd{rf/Ln]
sf/afxLsf] kq ga'em]df jf kq
a'emL :ki6Ls/0f k]z gu/]df
;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] dfWodaf6
/fi6 a}+sn] sf/afxL u/]sf]
hfgsf/L lbg ;Sg],
-_ o; P]g ljk/Lt jf c:jfefljs
tnj eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf s'g}
a+}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lnPsf] jf
lbOPsf] ePdf To:tf] ;Dk"0f{ ;]jf
110

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;'ljwf jf ;f] afkt nfUg] /sd
tyf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf]
Aofh To:tf] ;]jf ;'ljwf lbg]
JolQmaf6 c;'n pk/ ug]{,
-r_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L Jofj;flos
?kn] ;Da4 ePsf] lgsfo ;dIf
sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fpg
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
cfb]z lbg] .
-$_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd
s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] x]nr]qm\ofFO{ jf
ablgotsf] sf/0f ltg{' a'emfpg' kg{] b]lvg cfPdf To:tf]
/sd To:tf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Laf6 c;'n
pk/ ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lbPsf] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L
kfPsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq To:tf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L
jf sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] /sd JolQmut ?kdf ltg'{ a'emfpg'
kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq glt/]
ga'emfPdf To:tf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L jf
lghsf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
vftf jf lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf]] s'g} klg rn crn
;DklQaf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f jf cGo s'g}
sfd sf/afxL u/L ;f]sf] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg jf
k|;f/0f u/]df To:tf] ;"rgf k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ubf{
nfu]sf] vr{ To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] e'QmfgL ug'{
kg]{5 .
!))= hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t hf/L u/]sf]] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg jf cfb]z
adf]lhd lbg' kg]{ hfgsf/L glbg] jf k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhft
111

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

tyf ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] ;doleq k]z gug]{ jf cg'udg,
lg/LIf0f jf ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ /fi6 a+}s jf ;f] sfo{sf nflu
/fi6 a}+saf6 vl6Psf] s'g} clwsf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] sfuhkq,
ljj/0f, tYof+s jf clen]v tf]]s]sf] cjlwleq pknAw
gu/fpg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a+}sn] b]xfo adf]lhd
hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ Dofb gf3]sf] b'O{ xKtf;Dd b}lgs
Psnfv ?k}ofF,
-v_ Dofb gf3]sf] Ps dlxgf;Dd b}lgs
Psnfv kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF,
-u_ v08 -v_ sf] cjlw gf3]kl5 hlxn] ;'s}
ePklg b}lgs Psnfv krf; xhf/
?k}ofF .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks, z]o/wgL,
;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g}
;DalGwt JolQmn] of] P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t
hf/L ePsf] lgod, ljlgod jf lbOPsf] lgb{]zg jf cfb]z jf
zt{sf] pNn+3g u/]df jf /fi6 a}+sn] bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf
-#_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog gu/]df
/fi6 a}+sn] pNn+3gsf] k|s[lt tyf uflDeo{ x]/L bznfv
?k}ofF ;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] hl/afgfsf] /sd
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn] tLg
lbgleq /fi6 a}+snfO{ ga'emfPdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sdf vf]n]sf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sdaf6 sf u/L
c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+snfO{ k|fKt
x'g] gub hl/afgf ;/sf/L sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)!= sf/afxLsf] sfo{ljlw M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df
afx]s bkmf (( adf]lhd sf/afxL jf bkmf !)) adf]lhd
hl/afgf ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw cjnDag ug'{
kg]{5 M
112

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-s_ k|:tfljt sf/afxL jf hl/afgf ug'{
cl3 cf/f]lkt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
jf JolQmnfO{ k|:tfljt hl/afgf jf
sf/afxLsf] af/]df lghn] u/]sf]
sfo{sf] k|s[lt, ;f]sf] ;+lIfKt
Joxf]/f tyf ;f] cg'?k nufpg
;lsg] hl/afgfsf] /sd jf
k|:tfljt sf/afxL ;d]t pNn]v
u/L cfgf] ;kmfO k]z ug]{ ;ft
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbg'
kg]{5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd lnlvt ;"rgf
k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf
JolQmn] cfkm\gf] ;kmfO lnlvt
?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf]
lnlvt ;kmfO dgfl;a b]lvPdf
/fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] cf/f]knfO{
;+zf]wg, ;Lldt jf vf/]h ug{
;Sg]5 .
-3_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf]
lnlvt ;kmfO lrQ a'em\bf]
gb]lvPdf To:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf jf JolQmnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn]
bkmf (( adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL jf
bkmf !)) adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf
ug]{5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] ug]{ sf/afxL jf
hl/afgf ubf{ cjnDag ug'{kg]{ cGo sfo{ljlw /fi6 a+}sn]
tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!)@= Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf pk/ lgoGq0f M -!_ o; P]gdf cGoq
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} Ohfhtkq k|fKt
113

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;+:yfn] of] P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod
jf ljlgod jf ;f] cGtu{t hf/L ePsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf]
pNn+3g u/]sf] jf /fi6 a}+ssf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f
k|ltj]bgaf6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj
k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] jf g;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] jf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng gePsf] jf z]o/wgL jf
lgIf]kstf{sf] clxt x'g] sfo{ u/]sf] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t
ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf]
;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ a9Ldf tLg jif{;Dd lgnDag u/L
To:tf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lng
;Sg]5 .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPkl5 To:tf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt
;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg cfkm} jf s'g} pko'Qm JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yf lgo'Qm u/L ;f] dfk{mt ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfkm} jf cGo
s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yf dfk{mt Joj:yfkg u/]
u/fPsf] Ps jif{leq ;DalGwt Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf]
ljQLo tyf Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f u/L jf u/fO{ ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg
;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{
;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf]
s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfo adf]lhd
ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns
;ldltnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
u/]sf] lgnDag k'ms'jf u/L k'gM
;f]xL ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ ;f]
;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg],
jf
-v_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yfsf] lgnlDat ;~rfns
114

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;ldltnfO{ avf{:t u/L Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgLdWo]af6
gofF ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g u/L
;f] ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf
nufpg], jf
-u_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;fwf/0f
;ef af]nfO{ ;f] ;efaf6 gofF
;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;f]
;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg lhDdf nufpg],
jf
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] pko'Qm b]v]sf] cGo s'g}
sf/afxL rnfpg] .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{
c;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf
k'u]sf] s'/fdf /fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf]
Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfsf] ;DaGwdf lgDg adf]lhd b'O{ dWo]
s'g} Ps sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ o; P]gsf] kl/R5]b!@ df ul/Psf]
Joj:yf cg';f/ afWofTds
vf/]hLsf] k|lqmof ;'? ug]{, jf
-v_ /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd
km/kmf/vsf] sf/afxL cufl8
a9fpg] .
-^_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lng' cl3 ;DalGwt Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cj:yf x]/L kGw| lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbO{
cfgf] ;kmfO k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ /fi6 a}+sn] o; bkmf adf]lhd Ohfhtkq k|fKt
;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf]
;Dk"0f{ vr{ ;DalGwt Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .

115

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-*_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} Ohfhtkq
k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] hfgsf/L g]kfn
;/sf/, cy{ dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
!)#= s;'/ M -!_ s;}n] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf]
lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf zt{ jf ;Ldf ljk/Lt x'g]
u/L b]xfosf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL u/]df o; P]g adf]lhd s;'/
u/]sf] dflgg]5 M
-s_ Ohfhtkq glnO{ a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]af/ u/]df,
-v_ unt jf em'f ljj/0f lbO{ a}+ls
tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{
Ohfhtkq lnPdf,
-u_ a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{]
Ohfhtkqsf] zt{ ;Ldf ljk/Lt x'g]
u/L a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]af/
u/]df,
-3_ Ohfht ljgf ljb]zL ljlgdo
;DaGwL sf/f]af/ u/]df,
-_ o; P]g ljk/Lt shf{ k|jfx jf
cGo nufgL u/]df,
-r_ shf{ k|jfx ubf{, lwtf] d"Nofg
ubf{, shf{ c;'nL ubf{ jf ;f];Fu
;DalGwt s'g} klg sfo{df
clgoldttf u/]df, lwtf]df lnPsf]
;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ jf u}/
a}+ls ;DklQsf] ?kdf ;sf/ ug{'
kbf{ jf u}/ a}+ls ;DklQ ;sf/
u/L laqmL ubf{ lwtf] lnFbf ul/Psf]
d"Nofg agfj6L d"Nodf u/]df,
-5_ ufEbf uflebf, k|flKt ubf{, vf/]hL
ubf{ jf n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ s'g}

116

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L tyf
cGo JolQmn] clgoldttf u/]df,
-h_ v08 -s_ b]lv -5_ ;Ddsf] s;'/
ug{ pBf]u ug]{ jf To:tf] s;'/ ug{
s'g} lsl;dn] d2t k'ofPdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ x'Fbfsf avt
cfgf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L
jf s;'/df ;xof]u ug]{ cGo s'g} JolQm ;d]tn] To:tf] s;'/
cfgf] ;xdlt lagf ePsf] jf To:tf] s;'/ x'g glbg cfkm"n]
e/dUb'/ k|of; u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s
To:tf] s;'/ lgh :jo+n] u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ ljb]zL a}+ssf] zfvfsf] s'g} klg kbflwsf/L jf
sd{rf/Ln]] zfvfsf] lgoldt sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf afx]s
To:tf] zfvfsf] s'g} ;DklQ csf]{ d'n'sdf :yfgfGt/0f u/]df,
;f]sf] :jLs[lt lbPdf, To;f] ug{ clVtof/L lbPdf jf ;f]
sfo{nfO{ d2t ug]{ jf k'Ug] s'g} sfo{ u/]df o; P]g adf]lhd
s;'/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
!)$= b08 ;hfo M -!_ b]xfosf] s;'/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 M
-s_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08
-s_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/]df lauf]
hkmt u/L lauf]sf] tLg u'0ff;Dd
hl/afgf / kfFr jif{;Dd s}b,
-v_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08
-v_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/]df lauf]
eP ;f]] hkmt u/L lauf]sf] b'O{
u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf / b'O{ jif{;Dd
s}b,
-u_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08
-u_, -3_, -_, -r_ jf -5_
adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/]df lauf] eP

117

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

;f] hkmt u/L lauf] a/fa/sf]
hl/afgf / Ps jif{ ;Dd s}b,
-3_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08
-h_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/]df lauf]
eP ;f] hkmt u/L d'Vo JolQmnfO{
x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu lauf] sfod ubf{
sf/f]af/ ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sdnfO{ lx;fa u/L lauf] sfod ug{'
kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ b]lv v08 -3_ ;Ddsf]
hl/afgf ubf{ lauf] v'n]sf]df ;f]xL lauf] adf]lhd / lauf]
gv'n]sf]df bz nfv ?k}ofFb]lv krf; nfv ?k}ofF ;Dd
hl/afgf x'g]5 .
-$_ bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/ ug]{
JolQmnfO{ lauf] adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf / kfFr jif{;Dd s}b
x'g]5 .
-%_ bkmf !)# adf]lhdsf] s;'/ s'g} kmd{ sDkgL jf
;+:yfn] u/]df To:tf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ o;
bkmf adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 / To:tf] ;DalGwt JolQm olsg
x'g g;s]df ;f] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] k|d'vnfO{ ;f]
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 .
-^_ bkmf !)# adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/L s;}n] cfk"m,
cfgf] kl/jf/, gft]bf/ jf cGo s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf ;DklQ
/fv]sf] jf n'sfPsf] kfOPdf ;f] /sd / ;f]af6 a9] a9fPsf]
;DklQ ;d]t hkmt x'g]5 .
!)%= k'g/fj]bg M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn] bkmf (( adf]lhd u/]sf] sf/afxL
jf bkmf !)) adf]lhd u/]sf] hl/afgf pk/ lrQ ga'emfpg]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;f]sf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L,
z]o/wgL jf sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] sf/afxLsf] cfb]z kfPsf]
ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq cbfnt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

118

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

t/ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf pk/ bkmf (( adf]lhd
u/]sf] sf/afxL jf bkmf !)) adf]lhd u/]sf] hl/afgf lj?4
s'g} z]o/wgLn] k'g/fj]bg ubf{ tTsfn sfod /x]sf] r'Qmf
k"FhLsf] sDtLdf kRrL; k|ltzt z]o/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L
z]o/wgLx?n] cfk"mdWo]af6 r'g]sf] k|ltlglwn]] k'g/fj]bg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf JolQmn]
JolQmut sf/afxL jf hl/afgf lj?4 pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
k'g/fj]bg ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ hl/afgf u/]sf] jf s'g} /sd ltg{
a'emfpg cfb]z lbPsf] eP To:tf] /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt
/sd w/f}6L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ kbaf6 x6fOPsf] jf avf{:t ul/Psf] s'g} a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L To:tf]
sf/afxL ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ gk'u];Dd jf lghn]
cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] ePdf ;f] cbfntaf6 ;kmfO
gkfP;Dd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L
jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
!)^= ;hfo ug{ afwf gkg]{ M s'g} JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
s'g} kbdf axfn x'Fbf bkmf !)# adf]lhdsf] s'g} s;'/ u/]sf]
kfOPdf lgh ;f] kbaf6 cjsfz ePsf] jf kbdf axfn
g/x]sf] sf/0fn] o; P]g adf]lhd ;hfo ug{ afwf k'Ug] 5}g .

kl/R5]b!$
ljljw
!)&= k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+s ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6 a}+sn]
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] :Yffkgf, ;~rfng, lgodg,
;'kl/j]If0f, sf/afxL, ufEg] ufleg], k|flKt ug{] jf vf/]hLsf
;DaGwdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f tyf
nufgLnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL 5'} ljz]if gLltut Joj:yf ug{ jf
lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] ;+:yfks jf z]o/wgLn] lng]
119

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

clwstd z]o/ jf s'g} ljb]zL a}+s, ljQLo ;+:yf jf cGo
;+ul7t ;+:yfn] To:tf] a}+ssf] z]o/, l8a]~r/ jf cGo ljQLo
pks/0fdf nufgL ug]{ ;Ldf /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!)*= lgIf]ksf] ;'/If0f u/fpg' kg{] M Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd jf
/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] lgIf]k vftfdf /x]sf] /sdsf] ;'/If0f
u/fpg' kg{]5 .
!)(= a+}ls uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf
/ u|fxsaLrsf] ;DaGw tyf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lx;fa
lstfa, n]vf, vftf, axL, n]h/, >]:tf / n]vfsf] ljj/0f
;DalGwt JolQm afx]s cGo s;}nfO{ hfgsf/L lbOg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] s'g} JolQmsf] ljj/0f jf
hfgsf/L b]xfo adf]lhd s;}nfO{ lbPdf uf]kgLotf e u/]sf]
dflgg] 5}gM
-s_ of] P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g jf ;f]
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod jf
lbOPsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd
/fi6 a}+snfO{ ljj/0f jf hfgsf/L
lbPsf]df jf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfx?aLr shf{ ;"rgf cfbfg
k|bfg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ljj/0f jf
hfgsf/L lbPdf,
-v_ d'2f jf cGo sfg"gL sf/afxLsf]
l;nl;nfdf s'g} ljj/0f jf
hfgsf/L cbfntnfO{ pknAw
u/fPdf,
-u_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg
ug]{, cleof]hg ug]{ jf hfFra'em
tyf cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf
hfFRfa'em ;ldlt jf cGo k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt
120

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

clwsf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt kIfsf]
;"rgf lbPdf jf lgodgsf/L
lgsfonfO{ To:tf] ;"rgf lbPdf,
-3_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;ndf
n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ s'g} ljj/0f jf
hfgsf/L lbPdf,
-_ k|rlnt kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xfotf
;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhd ljb]zL
/fHonfO{ s'g} ljj/0f jf hfgsf/L
pknAw u/fPdf,
-r_ s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] ck/fw
cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf sf/0f
;d]t v'nfO{ s'g} JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] vftfsf] s'g}
ljj/0f jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
vftfsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L g]kfn
;/sf/, cy{ dGqfnoaf6 cg'/f]w
eO{ cfPsf]df /fi6 a}+sn] ;f]
adf]lhd lgb]{zg lbPsf]df .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] hfgsf/L
jf ljj/0f s;}n] klg cglws[t JolQmnfO{ lbg jf lbnfpg'
xF'b}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt cj:yfdf afx]s a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sfo{sf/L k|d'v,
sd{rf/L, n]vfk/LIfs, ;Nnfxsf/ tyf ;DalGwt s'g} klg
JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / To;sf u|fxsaLrsf]
;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ u/L a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lx;fa
lstfa, vftf, axL, >]:tf, n]vf tyf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf]
uf]klgotf sfod ug'{ kg]{ ljifosf] uf]klgotf e ug'{,
u/fpg' x'Fb}g .
!!)= vftf /f]Ssf /fVg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] vftfaf6 s'g} JolQm, kmd{,
121

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf s'g} klg lsl;dn] e'QmfgL lbg jf
/sdfGt/ ug{ gkfpg] u/L vftf /f]Ssf /fVg /fi6 a}+sn]
;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s'g} klg avt lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5M
-s_ s'g} s;'/sf] cg';Gwfgsf]
l;nl;nfdf clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] /fi6 a}+s ;dIf cg'/f]w
u/]df,
-v_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cft+ssf/L
lqmofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
;DaGwL s;'/nfO{ lgjf/0f ug{,
e|i6frf/, ;+ul7t ck/fw tyf
a}+ls tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
sf/f]af/df x'g ;Sg] s;'/hGo
sfo{sf] lgoGq0f u/L /fli6o lxt
sfod /fVg .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf]
lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
!!!= lgIf]k pk/sf] xs bfaL M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf]
lgIf]k pk/ ;f] lgIf]k /fVg] JolQm afx]s c? s;}sf] xs
bfaL nfUg] 5}g .
-@_ lgIf]k /fVg] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf lghn] s;}nfO{
OR5fPsf] eP To:tf] OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] / To:tf]
OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] klg d[To' ePsf] /x]5 jf s;}nfO{
OR5fOPsf] /x]g5 eg] b]xfosf] JolQmdWo] k|fyldstf
qmdfg';f/ h'g JolQm hLljt 5 ;f]xL JolQmsf] To:tf] lgIf]k
pk/ klxnf] xs bfaL nfUg]5 M
-s_ ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL,
-v_ ;uf]nsf] 5f]/f jf 5f]/L, wd{k'q jf
wd{k'qL jf ljwjf a'xf/L,

122

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-u_ ;uf]nsf] afa', cfdf, gflt jf
gfltgL,
-3_ leGg a;]sf] klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f,
5f]/L, afa' jf cfdf, 5f]/f, a'xf/L jf
ljjflxt 5f]/L,
-_ ;uf]nsf]] afh], aHo}, bfh', efO,
ebf, eb}, lbbL jf alxgL, leGg
a;]sf afh], aHo},
-r_ ;uf]nsf] ;f}t]gL cfdf, leGg a;]sf]
5f]/f klsf] gflt jf cljjflxt
gfltgL,
-5_ leGg a;]sf] bfh' jf efO, ebf, eb},
lbbL, alxgL, elthf, elthL
-h_ ;uf]nsf] sfsf, ljwjf sfsL,
efph', efO a'xf/L jf gfltgL
a'xf/L,
-em_ ljjflxt lbbL, alxgL, leGg a;]sf]
gfltgL a'xf/L .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|fyldstf qmddf sf]xL
JolQm geO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xsjfnfsf] To:tf]
lgIf]k pk/ bfaL g/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] lgIf]k /fi6 a}+ssf]
a}+ls ljsf; sf]ifdf hDdf u/L a}+ls ljsf;df k|of]u
ul/g]5 .+
-$_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] lgIf]k pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd xs k'Ug] JolQmsf] d~h'/Ln] afx]s cGo s'g}
JolQmnfO{ lbOg] 5}g .
!!@= bfaL gk/]sf] lgIf]ksf] ljj/0f M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
bz jif{b]lv rNtL gePsf] jf o; P]g adf]lhd xs bfaL
gk/]sf] lgIf]k vftfx?sf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf]
dlxgfleq /fi6 a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

123

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf]
/sd lng cfpg] ;"rgf k|To]s kfFr jif{df Ps k6s /fli6o
:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f]sf] lj:t[t
ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] j]a;fO6df ;d]t
/fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] /sd aL; jif{;Dd lng
a'em\g gcfPdf ;f] /sd /fi6 a}+ssf] a}+ls ljsf; sf]ifdf
hDdf u/L a}+ls ljsf;df k|of]u ul/g]5 .+
!!#= lgIf]k e/L e/fp jf hkmt x'g ;Sg] M a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lgIf]k /sd lwtf] jf hdfgt /fvL shf{
n]gb]g sf/f]af/ u/]sf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
:jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfsf] txljn df;L ;f] df;]sf] /sdaf6
jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} s;'/ dflgg] sfd u/L ;f]
s;'/sf] lauf]af6 jf cft+ssf/L jf a}+ls, ljQLo ck/fw jf
;+ul7t ck/fw ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxLaf6 ;+sng u/L lgIf]k
/fv]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] lwtf] jf hdfgt /x]sf] jf txljn
d:of}6 u/]sf] lauf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;f] lgIf]kaf6
e/L e/fp jf hkmt x'g ;Sg]5 .
!!$= ;~rfnsaf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g] M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;~rfnsn] JolQmut nfe x'g]
u/L s'g} /sd jf lhG;L lnPsf] kfOPdf ;f] /sd jf lhG;L
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] To:tf] ;~rfnsaf6 c;'n pk/ u/L
lng' kg{]5 .
!!%= bfaL ug{ g;lsg] M ;~rfnsn] cfgf] JolQmut lxtsf
nflu jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'ofO{ s'g}
sf/f]af/ ug{ nfu]sf] xf] eGg] hfgL hfgL jf ljZjf; ug]{
kof{Kt sf/0f eP/ klg s;}n] To:tf] ;~rfns jf lghsf]
k|ltlglw;Fu s'g} sf/f]af/ u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] sf/f]af/sf]
;DaGwdf To:tf] JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf pk/ s'g}
bfaL ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
!!^= g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL x'g] M -!_ bkmf !)# df plNnlvt s;'/
;DaGwL d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL eO{ bfo/ ul/g]5 / To:tf]

124

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

d'2f k|rlnt ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]gsf] cg';"rL! df
;dfj]z ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ bkmf !)# adf]lhdsf] s;'/ ug]{ s'g} ;~rfns,
kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L, C0fL jf cGo s'g} JolQmsf lj?4 hf]
s;}n] klg ;f] sf] k|df0f ;lxt lnlvt jf df}lvs ?kdf
glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L
ph'/L lbFbf gfd pNn]v ug{ cfjZos x'g] 5}g .
-#_ bkmf !)# adf]lhdsf] s;'/sf] cg';Gwfg,
txlssft tyf d'2f bfo/ u/L k'k{If ug]{ h:tf ;a} sfo{df
/fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!&= kf/blz{tf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf
ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvfn] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL
kf/blz{tfsf] nflu cfgf] ljQLo cj:yf tyf hf]lvdsf]
l:yltsf ;DaGwdf sDtLdf x/]s tLg dlxgfdf cfjlws
k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z
ul/g' kg{] Go"gtd s'/fx? /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!!*= pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf M pkef]Qmfsf] lxt
;+/If0f ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf sfo{ ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] ljQLo sf/f]af/
;~rfng ul//x]sf / pkef]QmfnfO{ kf/bz{L{
tyf :jR5 lsl;dn] ljQLo ;]jfx? pknAw
u/fO/x]sf] 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf
ug{],
-v_ ljQLo If]qdf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0fsf]
ljifodf ;dGjo ug{],
-u_ a}+ls If]qdf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0fdf ;'wf/
Nofpg tyf ljQLo ;fIf/tf Nofpg
cfjZos ;"rgf ;+sng ug{] .
125

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

!!(= 5'6 / ;'ljwf M -!_ s[lif, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, l;FrfO, hn
ljB't pTkfbg tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cGo s'g}
Joj;fosf] lgldQ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfnL gful/s jf
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+:yflkt ;+:yfnfO{ lbg] a9Ldf bz
nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] rn crn ;DklQsf] lwtf]sf] lnvt
/lhi6]zg ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ shf{ / lgIf]ksf] efsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] lnvtdf cfo l6s6 b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .
!@)= vr{ Joj:yfkg M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|f/lDes,
;+:yfkgf, k|zf;lgs, Jofj;flos, Joj:yfkg tyf cGo
vr{sf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
!@!= ;DklQ ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L / sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] cfgf] / cfgf]
kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] rn crn ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf
bfloTjsf] ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ;f7L
lbgleq tof/ u/L ;DalGwt a}+sdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L /fi6 a}+snfO{ lbg' kg{]5 . To;/L ljj/0f k]z ubf{
;f]sf]] cfo ;|f]t ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
!@@= C0f, bfloTj tyf C0fsf] lwtf]df /x]sf] xs vl/b laqmL x'g
;Sg] M k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg C0f ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df
afx]s s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s;}nfO{ lbPsf] C0f jf
cfkm"n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] bfloTj / ;f]sf] ;'/If0fsf] nflu
lwtf]sf] ?kdf k|fKt u/]sf] jf lbOPsf] rn crn ;DklQdf
/x]sf] lwtf]sf] xs vl/b laqmL x'g ;Sg]5 .
!@#= ljjfbsf] ;dfwfgM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf aLrdf s'g}
ljjfb pTkGg ePdf cfk;L ;xdltaf6 To:tf] ljjfbsf]
;dfwfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfk;L ;xdltaf6 ljjfb
;dfwfg x'g g;s]df /fi6 a}+sn] d]nldnfksf] k|lqmof jf
126

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljjfb ;dfwfgsf pkfox?
cjnDjg u/L ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+saf6 ePsf] lg0f{o
clGtd x'g]5 .
!@$= c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfdk|lt hjfkmb]xL x'g gkg]{ M -!_ o;
P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgod
jf lbPsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg adf]lhd c;n lgotn] u/]sf]
s'g} sfdsf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+s, a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L JolQmut jf ;fd'lxs ?kn]
hjfkmb]xL x'g] 5}gg\ .
-@_ o; P]g jf /fi6 a}+s P]g jf ;f] cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod, ljlgod jf lbOPsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug]{
qmddf c;n lgotn] u/]sf] jf ug{ vf]h]sf] s'g} s'/fn] x'g
cfPsf] jf x'g] xflg gf]S;fgLsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+s, a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;f]sf] kbflwsf/L lj?4 s'g} lsl;dsf] d'2f
k/]df To:tf] d'2fsf] vr{ ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{5 .
t/ ]if, nfk/jfxL jf ablgotaf6 ul/Psf] s'g}
sfdsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt JolQm g} lhDd]jf/ x'g]5 /
To:tf] ljifodf k/]sf] d'2fsf] vr{ /fi6 a}+s jf a+}s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{ 5}g .
!@%= sfd sf/afxL ab/ gx'g] M a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfnssf] lgo'lQm jf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7gdf s'g}
clgoldttf ePsf] jf s'g} ;~rfnssf] kb l/Qm /x]sf]
sf/0fn] dfq ;~rfns jf ;~rfns ;ldltn] u/]sf] s'g}
sfd sf/afxL ab/ x'g] 5}g .
!@^= cWoog ;ldlt tyf pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ /fi6
a}+sn] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sfg"g, shf{ c;'nL, ljQLo If]qsf]
:yfloTj Pj+ ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ;d;fdlos ;'wf/sf ;du|
kIfdf cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ /fi6 a}+s, a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf tyf ;DalGwt lgsfosf k|ltlglw Pj+ lj1x?
;lDdlnt Ps lj1 cWoog ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
127

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

cfjZostf cg';f/ pk;ldltx? ;d]t u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cWoog ;ldlt jf
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] pk;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ /
;'ljwfx? /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!@&= zky u|x0f M -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lgo'Qm ePsf] k|To]s
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sd{rf/Ln] cfgf]
kbsf] lhDd]jf/L ;'? ug'{ cl3 cg';"rLdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf
kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ky cWoIfn] /fi6 a}+s
;dIf, ;~rfns tyf sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] cWoIf ;dIf / cGo
kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Ln] sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
kbflwsf/L ;dIf lng' kg]{5 .
!@*= k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLsf] ;+zf]wg M k|rlnt sfg"gdf
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
k|aGwkq / lgodfjnLsf] ;+zf]wg /fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[t
geP;Dd nfu" x'g] 5}g .
!@(= o; P]g adf]lhd x'g] M -!_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod, ljlgod, sfo{ljlwdf jf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
ag]sf] lgod adf]lhd lbOPsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgdf n]lvPsf
s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / cGodf /fi6 a}+s P]g / cGo
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f tyf km/kmf/v
;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
!#)= afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] M -!_ o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/f
sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} afwf c8\sfp k/]df /fi6 a}+sn] g]kfn
;/sf/sf] :jLs[ltdf To:tf] afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg cfjZos
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg]
cfb]z hf/L ubf{ ;f]sf] sf/0f / cf}lrTo ;d]t v'nfpg'
kg]{5 .

128

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

!#!= cfb]z jf lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgodsf] cwLgdf /xL /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ cfb]z jf lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 .
!#@= lgod jf ljlgod agfpg ;Sg] M -!_ o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog
ug{ /fi6 a}+sn] cfjZos b]v]sf s'g} klg ljifodf
cfjZostf cg';f/ lgod jf ljlgod hf/L u/L nfu" ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] agfPsf] lgod
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
!##= ljlgodfjnL tyf sfo{ljlw agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ of] P]g jf
o; P]g cGtu{t /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{, ;Ldf tyf
dfkb08sf] cwLgdf /xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfut,
k|zf;lgs tyf Jofj;flos sf/f]af/ ;'Jojl:yt ?kn]
;~rfng ug{ ;~rfns ;ldltn] /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{
b]xfosf ljifodf ljlgodfjnL agfpg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf, ;?jf,
avf{:tL, tna, eQf, pkbfg,
lgj[Qe/0f, ljbf, cfr/0f, cg'zf;g
tyf ;]jfsf zt{ / To:tf] ;]jfsf]
u7gsf] ;DaGwdf,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s
k|zf;g ;DaGwdf,
-u_ shf{ ckn]vg ug]{ ;DaGwdf,
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
tf]lslbPsf cGo ljifosf
;DaGwdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ljifox?df afx]s
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf ljifodf cfjZostf cg';f/
sfo{ljlw agfpg ;Sg]5 M

129

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-s_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7s /
;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlwsf
;DaGwdf,
-v_ ;~rfns ;ldltn] ;~rfns,
sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
ug]{ ;DaGwdf,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf tk{maf6
ul/g] s/f/ ;DaGwL zt{x?sf]
;DaGwdf,
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] 5fk
k|of]usf] sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf,
-_ shf{ lbFbf /fVg] lwtf] ;'/If0f jf
lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{ u}/ a}+ls
;DklQsf] d"Nofg ;DaGwdf,
-r_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ cGo sfd
sf/afxLsf] ljifosf] ;DaGwdf,
-5_ sfuhft w'Nofpg] ljifosf
;DaGwdf,
-h_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf
tf]lslbPsf cGo ljifosf
;DaGwdf .
!#$= vf/]hL tyf arfp M -!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g,
@)^# vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf] P]g adf]lhd
eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxL o;} P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf]
dflgg]5 .

130

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

cg';"rL
-bkmf !@& sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
zky u|x0f kmf/fd
d=================================, ==========================================a}+sljQLo
;+:yfsf] ============================== kbdf lgo'Qmdgf]goglgjf{lrt ePsf]n]
;f] kbsf] st{Jo k|rlnt sfg"g tyf g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodg /
lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ;Da4{g tyf a}+sljQLo
;+:yfsf] lxtnfO{ ;b}j Wofgdf /fvL cfgf] st{Jo Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy
kfngf ug]{5' . a}+sljQLo ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ tyf uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{
s'/fx? sxLF st} k|sfz kfg]{ 5}g . ============================== sf] x}l;otn]
;~rfns ;ldltn] clwsf/ lbPsf] / sfg"gn] afWo u/]sf] cj:yfdf
afx]s d]/f] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf s'g} klg hfgsf/L tyf ;"rgf kbdf
axfn /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf
?kdf s'g} klg k|sf/n] s;}nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] 5}g egL Odfg wd{
;DemL ;To lgi7fk"j{s kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky u|x0f ub{5' .
zky u|x0f ug]{ JolQmsf] zky u|x0f u/fpg]
kbflwsf/Lsf]
gfdM
gfdM
kbM
kbM
b:tvt M
b:tvt M
ldltM
ldltM

k|df0fLs/0f ldltM @)&$.!.!)

cf1fn],
sdnzfnL l3ld/]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrj

131

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

efu @
g]kfn ;/sf/
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf]
Joj:yflksf;+;bn] agfPsf] tn n]lvP adf]lhdsf] P]g
;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
;+jt\ @)&$ sf] P]g g+= @
;6fkGg jGohGt' tyf jg:kltsf] cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/nfO{
lgodg tyf lgoGq0f ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgf M g]kfn kIf ePsf] ;6fkGg jGohGt' tyf jg:kltsf
k|hfltsf] cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/ ;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(&# sf] sfof{Gjog
ug{ ;6fkGg jGohGt' / jg:kltsf ljleGg k|hfltsf] ;+/If0f /
To;sf] cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/nfO{ lgodg tyf lgoGq0f ug{sf] nflu
cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf]
Joj:yflksf;+;bn]of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/DeM -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd ;6fkGg
jGohGt' tyf jg:kltsf] cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/ lgoGq0f P]g,
@)&# /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g g]kfne/ nfu" x'g]5 / g]kfn aflx/ hxfF;'s}
/xL a;L o; P]g cGtu{t s;"/ dflgg] sfd ug]{ JolQmsf]
xsdf ;d]t nfu' x'g]5 .

132

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,
-s_ cg'dltkq eGgfn] bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -!_
tyf bkmf * sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd
lbOPsf] cg'dltkq ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ cg';Gwfg clws[t eGgfn] bkmf @#
adf]lhdsf] cg';Gwfg clws[t ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd eGgfn]
o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf tf]lsPsf]
jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ b'n{e jGohGt' jf jg:klt eGgfn]
dxf;lGwsf] cg';"rL! df plNnlvt
jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] s'g} k|hflt jf
pkk|hflt ;Demg' k5{ .
-_ gd'gf eGgfn]] b]xfosf s'/f ;Demg' k5{M
-!_ ;6fkGg jGohGt'sf] hLljt jf
d[t z/L/ jf To:tf] jGohGt'sf]
z/L/sf] s'g} c, c+z, /ut, bfFt,
ofn, xf8, 5fnf, /f}+, l; jf s'g}
kbfy{ jf To:tf] kbfy{sf]
;lDd>0faf6 ag]sf] jf tof/ ePsf]
jf k|of]u ePsf] s'g} j:t', /
-@_ ;6fkGg jg:klt jf To:tf]
jg:kltsf] s'g} efu, 6'qmf, 8fF7,
xfFuf, kft, kmn,k"mn, lap, af]qmf,
h/f jf s'g} kbfy{ jf To:tf]

133

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

kbfy{sf] ;lDd>0faf6 ag]sf] jf
tof/ ePsf] jf k|of]u ePsf] s'g}
j:t' .
-r_ lgsf;L eGgfn] g]kfn aflx/ lgsf;L ug]{
sfd ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn] k'gM lgsf;L
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-5_ lgolGqt k|hgg\ -SoflK6e la|l8_ eGgfn]
b'n{e jGohGt'sf] k/:yfgLo -PS;l;6'_
;+/If0f u/L j+z ;+/If0f ug]{ p2]Zosf] nflu
k|hgg\ u/fO{ To;af6k|yd k':tfsf] jGohGt'
k}bfug]{ jf b'n{e jg:kltsf] k/:yfgLo
-PS;l;6'_ ;+/If0f u/L j+z ;+/If0f ug]{
p2]Zosf] nflu /f]Kg], x'sf{pg], a9fpg] /
To;af6 lap jf la?jf k}bf ug]{ sfd
;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ dxf;lGw eGgfn] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf]
jfl;6g l8=;L=df ;g\ !(&# sf] dfr{ #
tf/]vsf lbg ;DkGg ePsf] ;6fkGg
jGohGt' tyf jg:kltsf k|hfltsf]
cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/ ;DaGwL dxf;lGw
-sGe]G;g cg OG6/g]zgn 6]8 Og O08]Gh8{
:k]l;; ckm jfON8 kmfpgf P08 nf]/f_
;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt' jf jg:klt eGgfn]
dxf;lGwsf] cg';"rL@ df plNnlvt
jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] k|hflt jf pkk|hflt
;Demg' k5{ .
134

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-`_ j}1flgs lgsfo eGgfn] bkmf !*
adf]lhdsf] j}1flgs lgsfo ;Demg' k5{ .
-6_ Joj:yfkg lgsfo eGgfn] bkmf !^
adf]lhdsf] Joj:yfkg lgsfo ;Demg' k5{ .
-7_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt eGgfn]
b'n{e jGohGt' jf jg:klt, nf]kf]Gd'v
jGohGt' jf jg:klt / ;+/lIft jGohGt' jf
jg:klt ;Demg' k5{ .
-8_ ;+/Ifs eGgfn] /fli6o lgs'~h, cf/If,
;+/If0f If]q jf dWojtL{ If]qsf] ;+/If0f tyf
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] v6fPsf]
JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-9_ ;+/lIft jGohGt' jf jg:klt eGgfn]
dxf;lGwsf] cg';"rL# df plNnlvt
jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] k|hflt jf pkk|hflt
;Demg' k5{ .
-0f_ ;+:yf eGgfn] jGohGt' jf jg:klt
;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ p2]Zon] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] ;l7t ;+:yf
;Demg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b@
;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL
Joj:yf
#= b'n{e jf nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf]
sf/f]af/ jf Jofkf/ ug{ jf u/fpg gx'g]M -!_ s;}n] klg b'n{e
jf nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf vl/b
laqmL ug{, cfk"m;Fu /fVg, k|of]u ug{, /f]Kg, x'sf{pg, lgolGqt
135

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

k|hgg\ ug{, cf];f/k;f/ ug{ jf lgsf;L jf k}7f/L ug{ jf
u/fpg x'Fb}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
bkmf ^ adf]lhd cg'dltkq lnO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] zt{sf]
cwLgdf /xL b]xfo adf]lhdsf] p2]Zosf] nflu b'n{e jf
nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf /fVg, k|of]u
ug{, lgolGqt k|hgg\ ug{, cf];f/k;f/, lgsf;L jf k}7f/L ug{
;lsg]5 M
-s_ jGohGt'sf] kfngkf]if0f ug{,
-v_ jg:klt /f]Kg, x'sf{pg,
-u_ jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf pTkfbg
ug{, :jb]z jf ljb]zdf vl/b ljqmL ug{,
-3_ cWoog, cg';Gwfg, k/LIf0f, tfnLd, k|bz{gL,
;+/If0f lzIff, h}ljs ;|f]t ;+/If0f jf z}lIfs
k|of]hgdf pkof]u ug{ .
$= cg'dltkq dfu ug'{ kg]{ M bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf]
s'g} sfo{ ug{ rfxg] JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] tf]lsP adf]lhd
Joj:yfkg lgsfo ;dIf cg'dltkq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
%= k/fdz{ dfu ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf $ adf]lhd cg'dltkq dfu
ePdf Joj:yfkg lgsfon] ;f] ;DaGwdf j}1flgs lgsfoaf6
l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf] k/fdz{ dfu ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd l;kmfl/; ;lxtsf] k/fdz{
dfu ePdf j}1flgs lgsfon] ;f] ljifodf cWoog u/L To:tf]
cg'dltkq lbFbf g]kfndf /x]sf b'n{e jf nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt'
jf jg:kltsf] k|hfltsf] cl:tTjnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{

136

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

s'/fdf ljZj:t ePdf To:tf] cg'dltkq lbg Joj:yfkg
lgsfonfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd j}1flgs lgsfon] l;kmfl/;
ubf{ ckgfpg] sfo{ljlw tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^= cg'dltkq lbg ;Sg]M -!_ j}1flgs lgsfoaf6 bkmf % adf]lhd
l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePdf / Joj:yfkg lgsfo b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
cj:yf ljBdfg ePsf] s'/fdf ljZj:t ePdf;f] lgsfon]
cg'dltkq dfu ug]{ JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfonfO{ tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] cg'dltkq lbg ;Sg]5M
-s_ k}7f/L afx]ssf] cGo sfo{sf] nflu cg'dltkq
dfu ePsf]df To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf cg'dltkq dfu ug]{ JolQm, ;+:yf
jf lgsfosf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf]
b]lvPdf,
-v_ k}7f/L afx]ssf] cGo sfo{sf] nflu cg'dltkq
dfu ePsf]df To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf cg'dltkq dfu ug]{ JolQm, ;+:yf
jf lgsfon] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf]
b]lvPdf,
-u_ ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 To:tf] jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] :j:ytfsf]
k|df0fkq k|fKt ePsf] b]lvPdf,
-3_ hLljt jGohGt' eP To;nfO{ 9'jfgL ug{ ;lsg]
kof{Kt / pko'Qm aGbf]a:t ePsf] / 9'jfgL ubf{
To;nfO{ 3fp, rf]6 gnfUg], To;sf] :jf:Yodf

137

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

xflg gf]S;fgL jf To; pk/ lgd{d Jojxf/
gx'g] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg] cfwf/ ePdf,
-_ h'g d'n'sdf To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf lgsf;L ug{ nfluPsf] xf] ;f]
d'n'ssf] clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon To:tf] jGohGt'
jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf k}7f/L ug{ lbPsf]
cg'dltkq jf cg'dltkq lbg] dg;fokq jf
h'g d'n'saf6 To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf g]kfndf k}7f/L ug{ nfluPsf] xf]
;f] d'n'ssf] clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfon] To:tf]
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf lgsf;L
ug{ lbPsf] cg'dltkq jf cg'dltkq lbg]
dg;fokq k|fKt ePsf] b]lvPdf,
-r_ h'g k|of]hgsf nflu g]kfndf To:tf] jGohGt'
jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf k}7f/L ug{
nfluPsf] xf] ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu dfq k|of]u x'g]
/ Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u gx'g]
b]lvPdf,
-5_ h'g d'n'sdf To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf lgsf;L ug{ nfluPsf] xf] ;f]
d'n'sdf To;sf] k|of]u Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf
nflu gx'g] u/L To:tf] d'n'ssf] clwsf/k|fKt
lgsfoaf6 cfZjf;gkq k|fKt ePsf] b]lvPdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf /x]sf] s'/fdf
ljZj:t x'gsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ Joj:yfkg lgsfon]
s'g} ;Ssn sfuhft jf k|ltlnlk dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / o;/L

138

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

dfu eP adf]lhdsf sfuhft ;DalGwt JolQm, ;+:yf jf
lgsfon] Joj:yfkg lgsfo ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'dltkq lbFbf Joj:yfkg
lgsfon] cg'dltkqdf To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gfsf] k|of]u, Joj:yfkg, kfngkf]if0f, ;+/If0f, af;:yfg,
9'jfgL ;fwg jf dfu{ cflbsf cfjZos zt{x? tf]Sg ;Sg]5 /
To:tf zt{x? kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm,
;+:yf jf lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Joj:yfkg lgsfoaf6 h'g
k|of]hgsf] nflu cg'dltkq lbPsf] xf] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm,
;+:yf jf lgsfon] ;f]xL k|of]hgsf nflu dfq To:tf] jGohGt'
jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] k|of]u ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] cg'dltkq h'g
JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] k|fKt u/]sf] xf] ;f]xL JolQm, ;+:yf jf
lgsfosf] k|of]hgsf nflu dfq dfGo x'g]5 / cGo JolQm,
;+:yf jf lgsfon] k|of]u ug]{ u/L x:tfGt/0f x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_, -$_ jf -%_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] s'g} sfd u/]df
Joj:yfkg lgsfon] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L
h'g;'s} avt cg'dltkq /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ cg'dltkqsf] cjlw, gjLs/0f, b:t'/ / vf/]hL
;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
&= nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf dflgg] M o;
P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf ^ sf]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] cg'dltkq adf]lhd s'g}
139

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] tf]lsP adf]lhd k/:yfgLo ;+/If0f
u/L pTkfbg u/]sf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gfnfO{ nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gf dflgg]5 M
-s_ lgolGqt k|hgg\ u/fO{ k|yd k':tf -Pkm!
h]g]/]zg_ k}bf ug{ cg'dltkq adf]lhd lapsf]
?kdf k|of]u ePsf] b'n{e jGohGt' jf ;f] sf]
gd'gfaf6 pTkfbg ul/Psf] k|yd k':tf / ;f]af6
pTkfbg ul/Psf jGohGt' tyf ;f] sf] gd'gf,
-v_ s[lqd ?kdf x'sf{pg jf pTkfbg ug{ cg'dltkq
adf]lhd lapsf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf] b'n{e
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfaf6 x'sf{OPsf] jf
pTkfbg ul/Psf] jg:klt tyf ;f] sf] gd'gf .
t/ To:tf jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf]
pTkfbg ug{ lapsf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf]
cg'dltkq adf]lhdsf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gfnfO{ b'n{e jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf g} dflgg]5 .
*= ;+/lIft jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] gd'gfsf] sf/f]af/ ug{ ;lsg] M
-!_ ;+/lIft jGohGt'sf] kfngkf]if0f ug{ jf ;+/lIft jg:klt
/f]Kg, x'sf{pg jf To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] gd'gf
cfk"m;Fu /fVg, k|of]u ug{, pTkfbg ug{, lapsf] ?kdf Jofkf/
ug{, cf];f/k;f/ ug{ jf lgsf;L jf k}7f/L ug{ rfxg] JolQm,
;+:yf jf lgsfon] cg'dltkq lng' kg]{5 .

140

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'dltkq lng rfxg] JolQm,
;+:yf jf lgsfon] Joj:yfkg lgsfo ;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhd
lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df ;f] sf] hfFra'em
ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fdf ljZj:t ePdf j}1flgs lgsfo;Fu k/fdz{
u/L Joj:yfkg lgsfon] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} jf ;a}
k|of]hgsf nflu tf]lsP adf]lhd cg'dltkq lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ k}7f/L afx]ssf] cGo sfo{sf] nflu cg'dltkq
dfu ePsf]df To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf cg'dltkq dfu ug]{ JolQm, ;+:yf
jf lgsfosf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf]
b]lvPdf,
-v_ k}7f/L afx]ssf] cGo sfo{sf] nflu cg'dltkq
dfu ePsf]df To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf cg'dltkq dfu ug]{ JolQm, ;+:yf
jf lgsfon] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf]
b]lvPdf,
-u_ hLljt jGohGt' 9'jfgL ug{sf] nflu kof{Kt
aGbf]a:t ePsf] / To;nfO{ 9'jfgL ubf{ 3fp,
rf]6 gnfUg], xflg gf]S;fgL gx'g] jf To; pk/
lgd{d Jojxf/ gx'g] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug]{ cfwf/
ePdf .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cg'dltkq lbFbf Joj:yfkg
lgsfon] cfjZostf cg';f/ To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf /fVg], k|of]u ug]{, kfng kf]if0f ug]{, /f]Kg], x'sf{pg]

141

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

tyf pTkfbg ug]{ tl/sf ;DaGwdf tyf To:tf] jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf lapsf] ?kdf Jofkf/ ug{,
cf];f/k;f/ ug{ jf lgsf;L jf k}7f/L ug{sf] nflu dfu{, 9'jfgL
ug]{ tl/sf, af;:yfg / cGo cfjZos ljifodf zt{ tf]Sg
;Sg]5 / To:tf zt{x? kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt cg'dltkq k|fKt
JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf zt{x? kfngf gePdf
Joj:yfkg lgsfon] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L
h'g;'s} avt To:tf] cg'dltkq /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lbOPsf] cg'dltkqsf] cjlw,
gjLs/0f, vf/]hL, b:t'/ tyf ;f] sf] sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(= pTklQsf] k|df0fkq / lgsf;L cg'dltkq cfjZos x'g] M bkmf
* df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} klg ;+/lIft
jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] gd'gf k}7f/L ubf{ To:tf] jGohGt' jf
jg:kltsf] k|hflt dxf;lGwsf] cg';"rL# df ;dfj]z ug]{
d'n'sn] k|bfg u/]sf] pTklQsf] k|df0fkq / lgsf;L cg'dltkq
cfjZos kg]{5 .
!)= k'gM lgsf;L ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ Psk6s g]kfnleq
k}7f/L ul/Psf] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gf o; bkmf adf]lhd k'gM lgsf;Lsf] cg'dltkq k|bfg geO{
lgsf;L x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf k'gM lgsf;L ug{ rfxg] JolQm, ;+:yf
jf lgsfon] Joj:yfkg lgsfo ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

142

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df / k'gM lgsf;L
ug{ nfluPsf] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
o; P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfndf k}7f/L ul/Psf]
ePdf Joj:yfkg lgsfon] To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gf bkmf ^ jf * adf]lhdsf] k|s[of k'/f u/L k'gM
lgsf;L ug{ cg'dltkq k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!!= jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] cl:tTjpk/ hf]lvd x'g gx'g] M -!_
bkmf ^, * / !) df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f]
adf]lhd cg'dltkq k|bfg ubf{ To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf]
cl:tTj nf]k gx'g] jf To;sf] yk vt/f jf hf]lvd gx'g] /
h'g k|of]hgsf nflu cg'dltkq k|bfg ePsf] xf] ;f] k|of]hgsf
nflu dfq k|of]u x'g] s'/fdf ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L k|bfg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt
jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] sf/f]af/ ug{ cg'dltkq k|bfg u/]kl5
To:tf] cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] To:tf]
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf s] s;/L k|of]u u/]sf]
5 ;f] sf] Joj:yfkg lgsfo jf ;f] lgsfon] clVtof/L lbPsf]
lgsfon] lgoldt cg'udg jf lgu/fgL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cg'udg jf lgu/fgL ubf{
cg'dltkq k|fKt JolSt jf ;+:yf jf lgsfon] cg'dltkqsf]
zt{ k|lts"n x'g] u/L ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gfsf] k|of]u u/]sf] kfOPdf cg'udg jf lgu/fgL ug]{
lgsfon] h'g;'s} jvt To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gf hkmt ug{ jf lgoGq0fdf lng ;Sg]5 .

143

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-$_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] lgsf;L u/]sf] ePdf Joj:yfkg
lgsfo jf ;f] lgsfon] clVtof/L lbPsf] lgsfon] lgsf;L
ul/Psf] d'n'ssf] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;Fu o; bkmfsf]
k|of]hgsf nflu lgoldt ?kdf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Dks{ ug'{
kg]{5 .
!@= dxf;lGwsf] kIf /fi6 x'g' kg]{ M o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf dxf;lGwsf] kIf ePsf] /fi6df dfq lgsf;L ug{
cg'dltkq lbOg]5 .

kl/R5]b#
;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] btf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!#= ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] k|hflt btf{ ug'{kg]{ M -!_ of]
P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt s;}n] cg'dltkq lnO{ jf glnO{ s'g}
hLljt ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt cWoog, cg';Gwfg,
k/LIf0f, k|lzIf0f, k|bz{g, ;+/If0f lzIff, h}ljs ;|f]t ;+/If0f,
z}lIfs k|of]hg jf cGo s'g} k|of]hgsf nflu /fv]sf], k|of]u
u/]sf] jf s'g} ;6fkGg jg:klt /f]k]sf], x'sf{Psf] jf s'g}
;6fkGg jGohGt'nfO{ kfngkf]if0f u/]sf] jf 3/ kfn'jf agfO{
To;af6 nfe k|fKt u/]sf] eP of] P]g k|f/De ePsf] Ps
jif{leq To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt btf{ ug{ ;DalGwt JolQm,
;+:yf jf lgsfon] Joj:yfkg lgsfo ;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhd
lgj]bg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df To:tf] jGohGt'
jf jg:klt k|rlnt sfg"g k|lts"n gx'g] u/L /fv]sf] jf k|of]u
u/]sf] s'/fdf Joj:yfkg lgsfo ljZj:t ePdf ;f] lgsfon]
144

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt tf]lsP adf]lhd btf{ u/L
;DalGwt JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfonfO{ btf{ k|df0fkq k|bfg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f gu/L /fv]sf]
jGohGt' jf jg:klt tf]lsP adf]lhd hkmt x'g]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd lbOg] btf{ k|df0fkqsf] cjlw,
gjLs/0f, btf{ z'Ns tyf cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!$= k}7f/L ul/Psf] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gf btf{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod adf]lhd g]kfndf k}7f/L ul/Psf ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf tf]lsP adf]lhd btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gf btf{ ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon]
To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf k}7f/L u/]sf]
k}+tL; lbgleq b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg u/L Joj:yfkg lgsfo
;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_ To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
lgsf;L ug{ ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] clwsf/ k|fKt
lgsfon] lbPsf] cg'dltkq,
-v_ To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] gd'gfsf]
pTklQsf] k|df0fkq,
-u_ Joj:yfkg lgsfon] k}7f/L ug{ lbPsf]
cg'dltkq,
-3_ eG;f/ dx;'n r'Qmf u/]sf] lg:;f,
-_ To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] gd'gfsf]
:j:ytfsf] k|df0fkq .
145

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bgsf ;DaGwdf
cfjZos hfFra'em u/L To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gf of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod adf]lhd k}7f/L
ul/Psf] b]lvPdf Joj:yfkg lgsfon] To:tf] jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf btf{ u/L ;DalGwt JolQm, ;+:yf jf
lgsfonfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhd btf{ k|df0fkq lbg]5 .
!%= x:tfGt/0f ug{ gx'g] M -!_ bkmf !# jf !$ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf
s'g} klg ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
Joj:yfkg lgsfo jf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] clwsf/Lsf] cg'dlt
lagf xs x:tfGt/0f jf gfd;f/L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] xs x:tfGt/0f jf gfd;f/L ug{
cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b$
Joj:yfkg lgsfo tyf j}1flgs lgsfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!^= Joj:yfkg lgsfoM -!_ o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfosf
lgsfonfO{ Joj:yfkg lgsfo dflgg]5M
-s_ jGohGt' jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] ;DaGwdf
/fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f
ljefu,
-v_ jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] ;DaGwdf
jg ljefu .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L s'g} vf;
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} vf;
lgsfonfO{ Joj:yfkg lgsfosf] ?kdf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
146

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

!&= Joj:yfkg lgsfosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M o; P]gdf
cGoq plNnlvt sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm
Joj:yfkg lgsfosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-s_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod adf]lhd ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf lgsf;L jf
k}7f/L eP jf gePsf]] ;DaGwdf
lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug]{,
-v_ cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQm jf ;+:yf jf
lgsfon] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
ag]sf] lgod jf cg'dltkqdf plNnlvt
zt{ pNn\3g u/]df cg'dltkq /2 ug]{,
-u_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf]
;DaGwdf cWoog cg';Gwfg tyf
k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ jf u/fpg],
-3_ dxf;lGwsf] sfof{Gjogsf] l:yltsf
;DaGwdf ug'{ kg]{ gLltut, ;+:yfut /
sfg"gL pkfosf ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 cfjlws k|ltj]bg
tof/ ug]{,
-_ dxf;lGw sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf cGo
cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{, /
-r_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
!*= j}1flgs lgsfo M -!_ o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfosf
lgsfonfO{ j}1flgs lgsfo dflgg]5M

147

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-s_ jGohGt' jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] ;DaGwdf
k|fs[lts lj1fg ;\u|xfno, lqe'jg
ljZjljBfno,
-v_ jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] ;DaGwdf
jg:klt ljefu .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;''s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L s'g} vf;
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} vf;
lgsfonfO{ j}1flgs lgsfosf] ?kdf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
!(= j}1flgs lgsfosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M o; P]gdf cGoq
plNnlvt sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm j}1flgs
lgsfosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ g]kfn ;/xbleq kfOg] ;6fkGg
jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] cl:tTjsf]
cj:yf af/]df lgoldt ?kdf cWoog
cg';Gwfg u/L Joj:yfkg lgsfonfO{
cfjZos k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{] / To:tf]
cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] ;DaGwdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ k|ltj]bg k|sfzg
ug]{,
-v_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gfsf] :j:ytfsf] k|df0fkq hf/L
ug]{,
-u_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf
k|hfltx?af/] Joj:yfkg lgsfonfO{

148

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

cfjZostf cg';f/ ;Nnfx jf k/fdz{
pknJw u/fpg],
-3_ ljleGg k|hfltsf ;6fkGg jGohGt'
jf jg:kltsf] kl/ro, klxrfg /
jlu{s/0faf/] lg0f{o ug]{,
-_ dxf;lGwdf ;"rLs[t ;6fkGg
jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf k|hfltx?sf]
j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws ljifodf k|rf/
k|;f/ ug]{ jf u/fpg],
-r_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf]
;+/If0fsf nflu dxf;lGw;Fu ;DalGwt
ljleGg lgsfo aLr ;dGjo ug]{, /
-5_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{ ug]{ .

kl/R5]b%
s;"/ / ;hfo
@)= s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg] M s;}n] b]xfosf] s'g} sfd u/]df o; P]g
adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M
-s_ bkmf # ljkl/t b'n{e jf nf]kf]Gd'v
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
v/Lb laqmL ug]{, cfkm";Fu /fVg], k|of]u
ug]{, kfngkf]if0f ug{], /f]Kg], x'sf{pg],
lgolGqt k|hgg\ ug]{, cf];f/k;f/ ug{],
lgsf;L jf k}7f/L ug]{ sfo{ u/] jf
u/fPdf,
-v_ bkmf * ljkl/t ;+/lIft jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] vl/b
149

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

lalqm ug]{, cfk"m;Fu /fVg], k|of]u ug]{,
kfngkf]if0f ug{], /f]Kg], x'sf{pg],
cf];f/k;f/ ug]{, lgsf;L jf k}7f/L ug]{
sfo{ u/] jf u/fPdf,
-u_ bkmf !# jf !$ adf]lhd ;6fkGg
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
btf{ gu/]df,
-3_ bkmf !% adf]lhd cg'dlt glnO{
;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gf xs x:tfGt/0f jf gfd;f/L
u/fPdf, jf
-_ v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ df n]lvP
b]lv afx]s o; P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
ag]sf] lgod ljkl/t s'g} sfo{ u/]df .
@!= ;hfo M -!_ b]xfosf] s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd ;hfo
x'g]5 M
-s_ bkmf @) sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd b'n{e
jGohGt' jf ;f] sf] gd'gf ;DaGwL
s;"/ ug]{nfO{ s;"/sf] dfqf cg';f/
kfFr jif{b]lv kGw| jif{;Dd s}b jf
kfFrnfv ?k}ofFb]lv bznfv ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf jf b'a} / b'n{e jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gf ;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{nfO{
s;"/sf] dfqf cg';f/ Ps jif{b]lv
kfFrjif{;Dd s}b jf Psnfv ?k}ofFb]lv
kfFrnfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgfjf b'a} .

150

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-v_ bkmf @) sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd
nf]kf]Gd'v jGohGt' jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{nfO{ s;"/sf] dfqf
cg';f/ b'O{ jif{b]lv bzjif{;Dd s}b jf
Psnfv ?k}ofFb]lv kfFrnfv ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgfjf b'a} / nf]kf]Gd'v jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf ;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{nfO{ 5
dlxgf b]lv Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf
krf;xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv Psnfv
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgfjf b'a} .
-u_ bkmf @) sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd
;+/lIft jGohGt' jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{nfO{ Ps jif{ b]lv
kfFrjif{;Dd s}b jf aL;xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv
Psnfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf b'a} /
;+/lIft jg:klt jf ;f] sf gd'gf
;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{nfO{ s;"/sf] dfqf
cg';f/ Ps dlxgfb]lv 5 dlxgf;Dd
s}b jf Psxhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv krf;xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf b'a} .
-3_ bkmf @) sf] v08 -u_ / -3_ ljkl/t
sfo{ ug]{nfO{ s;"/sf] dfqf cg';f/
krf;xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv Psnfv
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf .
-_ bkmf @) sf] v08 -_ adf]lhdsf] s'g}
sfo{ ug]{nfO{ s;"/sf] dfqf cg';f/

151

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

Psxhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv kRrL;xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf .
-r_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] s'g} s;"/ ug{ d2t
ug]{, b'?T;fxg ug]{, pS;fpg] jf To:tf]
sfo{ ug{ pBf]u ug]{ JolQmnfO{ d'Vo
s;"/bf/nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo
x'g]5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ 7xl/g] s'g} sfo{ ug]{
JolQmnfO{ d2t ug]{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] ;xof]u k'ofpg]
dltof/nfO{ d'Vo s;"/bf/nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo
x'g]5 .
-#_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL
sfo{df afwf lj/f]w ug]{nfO{ tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b jf kfFrxhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf b'a} ;hfo x'g]5 .
@@= hkmt x'g] M o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;6fkGg
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf tyf To:tf] s;"/df
k|of]u ePsf cGo j:t', ;fdu|L, xftxltof/ tyf ;jf/L ;fwg
;d]t hkmt x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b^
d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg tyf bfo/L
@#= cg';Gwfg clws[tM -!_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg
ug]{ clwsf/ /fli6o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q / dWojtL{
If]qsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ;+/Ifs jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/L / cGo If]qsf] xsdf lhNnf jg
sfof{no /x]sf] lhNnfdf lhNnf jg clws[t jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/L tyf lhNnf jg sfof{no g/x]sf]
152

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

lhNnfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L o; P]g
cGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ;+o'Qm cg';Gwfg 6f]nL
u7g ug{ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} clws[tnfO{ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cg';Gwfg clws[t jf
6f]nLn] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] clwsf/
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ s;"/bf/nfO{ tTsfn lu/tf/ u/L
cfjZos sf/afxL ug]{,
-v_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/df cg';Gwfg
ubf{ jf ;a'b k|df0f ;ng ubf{
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd h'g;'s}
sfof{no, 3/, ejg, uf]bfd, ;jf/L
;fwg jf cGo s'g} :yfgsf] vfgtnf;L
lng] jf lng nufpg],
-u_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;6fkGg jGohGt'
jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf tyf
To:tf] s;"/df k|of]u ePsf cGo j:t',
;fdu|L, xftxltof/, ;jf/L ;fwg tyf
bzL k|df0f k|fKt ePdf a/fdb ug]{,
-3_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ubf{ k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd cg';Gwfg clws[tsf]
x}l;otdf cfjZos clwsf/ k|of]u
ug]{ .
153

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-$_ cg';Gwfg clws[tnfO{ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/df
cg';Gwfg ubf{ cleo'QmnfO{ aofg u/fpg], ;/hdLg d'r'Nsf
tof/ ug]{ ;d]tsf cg';Gwfg sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd k|x/L clws[tnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-%_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf
txlssftsf] sfo{df cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
@$= cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg ;lsg] M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t
sf/afxL rnfOPsf] s'g} JolQmn] s'g} k|df0f nf]k jf gfz ug{
;Sg] jf cg';Gwfgdf afwf, Jojwfg jf k|lts"n k|efj kfg{
;Sg] kof{Kt sf/0f ePdf cg';Gwfg clws[tn] sf/0f v'nfO{
lghnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd y'g'jf k"hL{ lbO{ y'gfdf /fVg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
s'g} cf/f]lkt JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg' k/]df af6fsf] Dofb
afx]s kqmfp u/]sf] rf}aL; 306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf
pkl:yt u/fO{ lghsf] cg'dlt lnP/ dfq y'gfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd y'gfdf /fVg] cg'dlt dfu
u/]sf]df d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] cg';Gwfg ;Gtf]ifhgs eP jf
gePsf] ljrf/ u/L Psk6sdf tL; lbgdf ga9\g] u/L a9Ldf
gAa] lbg;Dd y'gfdf /fVg] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
@%= d'2fsf] bfo/LM -!_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f g]kfn
;/sf/ jfbL x'g]5 .
-@_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ;DkGg
ePkl5 cg';Gwfg clws[tn] d'2f rNg] jf grNg] lg0f{osf]
154

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

nflu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 / ;/sf/L
jsLnaf6 d'2f rNg] lg0f{o ePdf cg';Gwfg clws[tn] d'2f
bfo/ ug{' kg]{5 .
@^= d'2f x]g]{ cbfntM o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f x]g]{
clwsf/ ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b&
ljljw
@&= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljz]if clwsf/ M -!_ bkmf # / * df h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf]
;+/If0fdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|of;nfO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg] jf ;f]
k|of]hgsf] nflu cWoog jf cg';GwfgnfO{ pknlAwd"ns
agfpg k|fljlws ;xof]u k'ofpg] s'g} d'n'ssf] cg'/f]wdf
cWoog, ;+/If0f lzIff jf cg';Gwfgsf] k|of]hgsf nflu g]kfn
;/sf/n] Ps cfly{s jif{df Ps hf]8L;Dd s'g} k|hfltsf]
;6fkGg jGohGt' jf;f] sf] s'g} gd'gf jf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]
;\Vof jf kl/df0fdf s'g} ;6fkGg jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
g]kfnL hgtf / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;b\efjgfsf] k|tLssf] ?kdf
pkxf/ :j?k To:tf] d'n'snfO{ pknJw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pknJw u/fPsf] jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u
gul/g] cfZjf;g ;DalGwt d'n'saf6 To;/L pknJw u/fpg'
cl3 g} g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'6g}lts dfWodaf6 k|fKt ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd"gf pknAw u/fPsf] jflif{s ljj/0f jgtyf e";+/If0f

155

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

dGqfnon] k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq
;\3Lo ;+;bsf] ;DalGwt ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} klg ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf
;f] sf] gd'gf cWoog, cg';Gwfg, cjnf]sg, ko{j]If0f, k/LIf0f,
h}ljs ;|f]t ;+/If0f jf ;+/If0f lzIffsf] k|of]hgsf nflu /fVg,
k|of]u ug{ jf b'n{e jGohGt' eP lgolGqt k|hgg\ u/fO{ klxnf]
k':tf k}bf ug{ / b'n{e jg:klt eP s[lqd ?kdf lap / a]gf{
pTkfbg ug{, /f]Kg jf x'sf{pg ;Sg]5 .
@*= kf/jxgdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf nfu" gx'g] M -!_ bkmf #, * / !) df
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] lznaGb afs; -sG;fOG6d]G6_
csf]{ d'n'saf6 g]kfnsf] Onfsfdf kf/jxg eO{ t];|f] d'n'sdf
9'jfgL ubf{ o; P]gsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5|}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lznaGb afs; g]kfndf
/xFbfsf] cjlwdf j}1flgs lgsfo jf ;DalGwt Sjf/]G6fOg
clwsf/Lsf] lgu/fgLdf /xg]5 .
@(= Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf] nflu sf/f]af/ ePsf] gdflgg] M k|rlnt
sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ko{6sLo,
;fF:s[lts, k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] k|j4{g, z}lIfs, dgf]/~hgfTds,
v]ns'b, cg';GwfgfTds, ;f}Gbo{k/s k|of]hgsf nflu tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] b/df ga9fO{ ;fdfGo z'Ns lnO{ s'g} ;6fkGg
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] b[Zofjnf]sg jf
k|bz{gL u/fpg] sfdnfO{ Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf]
sf/f]af/ dflgg] 5}g .

156

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

#)= hkmt ePsf jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf]
Joj:yfkg M
-!_ o; P]gsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L s'g} sfd sf/afxL
ePsf] sf/0fn] o; P]g adf]lhd hkmt ePsf ;6fkGg
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf Joj:yfkg lgsfon]
b]xfo adf]lhd Joj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ hLljt g/x]sf] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:kltsf] gd'gf gi6 ug]{,
-v_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt hLljt
g} /x]sf] ePdf / ;+/If0f ug{ cfjZos
b]lvPdf g]kfnleqsf] k|fs[lts
af;:yfgdf 5f]8\g jf /f]Kg jf ;fg{ jf
;+/If0fsf] nflu cGo cfjZos pkfo
ckgfpg ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg],
t/ hLljt g} /x]sf] eP tfklg
;+/If0f ug{ xflgsf/s x'g] jf g]kfnsf
/}yfg] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:kltnfO{ k|lts"n k|efj k'ofpg]
jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf
gi6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ ;+/If0f ug{ cfjZos gb]lvPsf] jf
;+/If0f ug{ ;Dej gePsf] nf]kf]Gd'v
jf ;+/lIft jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
lnnfd ug{],
-3_ cfjZos zt{ tf]sL z}lIfs, j}1flgs,
cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf] k|of]hgsf nflu
jf wfld{s sfo{sf nflu ;fj{hlgs
;+:yf jf lgsfonfO{ pknJw u/fpg],jf
157

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-_ tf]lsP adf]lhd cGo tl/sfn]
Joj:yfkg ug]{ jf u/fpg] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
o; P]g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f geO{ k}7f/L ePsf] sf/0fn]
hkmt ePsf] ;6fkGg jGohGt'jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]gd'gf
h'g d'n'saf6 k}7f/L ePsf] xf] ;f]xL d'n'sdf lkmtf{ k7fpg
;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] n]vL k7fpg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd n]vL k7fpFbf ;DalGwt
d'n'sn] To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf lkmtf{
n}hfg rfx]df jf To:tf] d'n'ssf] clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon]
cg'/f]w u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{oaf6 To:tf] jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf ;DalGwt d'n'snfO{ lkmtf{ lbg
;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf]gd'gf lkmtf{ ubf{ nfUg] vr{ To;/L lkmtf{
n}hfg] d'n'sn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] gAa]
lbgleq ;DalGwt d'n'sn] To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gf lkmtf{ n}hfg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd n]vL k7fpFbf ;DalGwt
d'n'sn] lkmtf{ n}hfg OR5f JoQm gu/]df jf OR5f JoQm u/]
tfklg pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq lkmtf{ n}hfg g;s]df
To:tf jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf Joj:yfkg
lgsfon] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Joj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf gi6 ug'{ cl3 To:tf] jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfnfO{ j}1flgs k/LIf0fsf nflu tf]lsP

158

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

adf]lhdsf] k|of]uzfnfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 / ;f] k|of]uzfnfsf]
k|ltj]bgaf6 To:tf] jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf gi6
ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfnt, lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{no / :yfgLo txsf k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df tf]lsP
adf]lhd gi6 ug'{kg]{5 .
#!= ;6fkGg jGohGt' tyf jg:klt /fli6o ;dGjo ;ldlt M -!_
of] P]g tyf dxf;lGwsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu
;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf] k|hfltsf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g
ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut pkfosf
;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ / o; P]gsf]
sfof{Gjogdf cfjZos ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug{ b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] Ps ;6fkGg jGohGt' tyf jg:klt /fli6o
;dGjo ;ldlt /xg]5 M
-s_ ;lrj, jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno ;+of]hs
-v_ ;x;lrj, sfg"g, Gofo, tyf ;+;bLo
dfldnf dGqfno ;b:o
-u_ dxflgb]{zs, eG;f/ ljefu ;b:o
-3_ dxflgb]{zs, /fli6o lgs'~h tyf
jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu ;b:o
-_ dxflgb]{zs, jg ljefu ;b:o
-r_ dxflgb]{zs, jg:klt ljefu ;b:o
-5_ dxflgb]{zs, x'nfs ;]jf ljefu ;b:o
-h_ k|x/L gfoj dxflg/LIfs, s]Gb|Lo
cg';Gwfg Ao"/f], g]kfn k|x/L ;b:o
-em_ cg';Gwfg lgb]{zs, /fli6o cg';Gwfg
ljefu ;b:o
-`_ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, /fli6o ljlw
lj1fg k|of]uzfnf ;b:o

159

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-6_ k|d'v, k|fs[lts lj1fg ;\u|xfno,
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno ;b:o
-7_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/L ;b:o;lrj
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] j}7sdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt If]qsf] lj1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{
;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#@= jGohGt' / jg:kltsf] gfd k|sfzg ug]{ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
dxf;lGwsf] cg';"rL!, cg';"rL@ / cg';"rL# df plNnlvt
jGohGt' tyf jg:kltsf] ljleGg k|hflt jf pkk|hfltsf]
j}1flgs gfd, c\u|]hL gfd tyf ;Dej eP;Dd g]kfnL gfd
;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg
ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd gfd k|sfzg ubf{ To:tf
jGohGt' jf jg:klt g]kfndf kfOg] xf] xf]Og ;f] ;d]t
v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
##= ljj/0fsf] clen]v /fVg] M -!_ Joj:yfkg lgsfon] k|To]s
cfly{s jif{sf nflu b]xfosf] ljj/0fsf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 M
-s_ bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -!_, bkmf * sf] pkbkmf -
#_, bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -#_, bkmf !# sf]
pkbkmf -@_, bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ / bkmf
!% sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf]
cg'dltkq / btf{ k|df0fkqsf] ;\Vof,
cg'dltkq jf k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/Psf] ldlt /
To;sf] lsl;d,

160

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-v_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gf lgsf;L, k}7f/L, v/Lb, laqmL tyf
cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfosf]
gfd tyf ;f] sf] kl/df0f / ;Dej eP;Dd
To:tf jGohGt'sf] cfsf/sf] ljj/0f / efn]
jf kf]yL s] /x]sf] xf] ;f] v'Ng] ljj/0f,
-u_ bkmf @@ adf]lhd hkmt ePsf] jf bkmf @#
sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd a/fdb
ePsf] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f]
sf] gd'gfsf] ljj/0f,
-3_ bkmf @& sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd g]kfn
;/sf/n] ljb]zL d'n'snfO{ pknJw u/fPsf]
;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gfsf] ljj/0f,
-_ o; P]g adf]lhd hkmt jf a/fdb ePsf
;6fkGg jGohGt', jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gfsf ;DaGwdf bkmf #) sf] pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL
ljj/0f,
-r_ bkmf #) sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt
d'n'sn] lkmtf{ nu]sf] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] ljj/0f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f Joj:yfkg lgsfon]
k|To]s jif{ tf]lsP adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 .
#$= sf]if v8f ug{ ;lsg]M -!_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:kltsf]
;+/If0f, ;+jw{g, cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ;d]tsf] nflu Pp6f
sf]if v8f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

161

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g] /sd,
sf]ifsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg / To;sf] cfGtl/s lgoGq0f
tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifsf] n]vfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6 x'g]5 .
#%= k'/:sf/ lbg ;lsg] M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ dflgg] sfo{
ePsf] jf x'g nfu]sf] ;"rgf lbg] / cg';Gwfg tyf ;a'b
k|df0f ;ngsf] sfo{df ;xof]u k'ofpg] JolQmnfO{ Joj:yfkg
lgsfon] Psnfv ?k}ofF;Dd k'/:sf/ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; P]g adf]lhd s;"/ dflgg] sfo{sf] cg';Gwfg
tyf ;a'b k|df0f ;ngdf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'ofO{
;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] Jofkf/
lgoGq0fdf ;xof]u k'ofpg] JolQm jf sd{rf/LnfO{ Joj:yfkg
lgsfon] Psnfv ?k}ofF;Dd /sd k|f]T;fxg k'/:sf/ :j?k
pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
#^= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M o; P]gdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf o;}
P]g adf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
#&= lgod agfpg ;Sg]M g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] P]g sfof{Gjog ug{sf]
nflu cfjZos lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .
#*= lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] P]g / o; P]g
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodsf] clwgdf /xL lgb]{lzsf agfpg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf
k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gfsf] cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/ lgodg /

162

 v08 ^&_ k"jf{ltl/Qmf !s g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&$.!.!)

lgoGq0fsf] nflu vf;u/L b]xfosf ljifodf lgb]{lzsf agfpg
;Sg]5 M
-s_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gfsf] sf/f]af/sf] nflu cg'dltkq k|bfg
ug]{ ljifo,
-v_ k}7f/L ul/Psf ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf
jg:klt jf ;f] sf] gd'gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwL
ljifo,
-u_ ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt jf ;f] sf]
gd'gfsf] clen]v /fVg] ;DaGwL ljifo,
-3_ hkmt ePsf ;6fkGg jGohGt' jf jg:klt
jf ;f] sf] gd'gf Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;DaGwL
ljifo,
-_ cGo cfjZos ljifo .

k|df0fLs/0f ldltM @)&$.!.!)

cf1fn],
sdnzfnL l3ld/]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrj

!^#
d'b|0f ljefu, l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+df d'lb|t . d"No ?= &%.
uf]=x'=b=g+= !^.@)^@.^#

163