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Document Analysis and Insights

This document summarizes amendments made to the existing Money Laundering Prevention Act of Nepal. Key points: 1) The long title of the Act has been amended to include "Prevention of Financing of Terrorism". 2) Definitions have been added for "Investigating Officer" and "Senior Official of an International Organization". 3) The definition of "Predicate Offence" has been expanded to include terrorist acts and offenses that incite public disorder. 4) The Act will now apply throughout Nepal and also cover money laundering and financing of terrorism offenses committed by Nepali citizens abroad.

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AAnit Sapkota
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
330 views58 pages

Document Analysis and Insights

This document summarizes amendments made to the existing Money Laundering Prevention Act of Nepal. Key points: 1) The long title of the Act has been amended to include "Prevention of Financing of Terrorism". 2) Definitions have been added for "Investigating Officer" and "Senior Official of an International Organization". 3) The definition of "Predicate Offence" has been expanded to include terrorist acts and offenses that incite public disorder. 4) The Act will now apply throughout Nepal and also cover money laundering and financing of terrorism offenses committed by Nepali citizens abroad.

Uploaded by

AAnit Sapkota
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f *# sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrj
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] x]l;otdf ;+ljwfg ;efn] agfPsf] tn n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] P]g ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . k|df0fLs/0f ldlt M @)&).!@.!@
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efu @ $= d"n P]gsf] bkmf @ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf @ sf] ;f


b]xfosf] bkmf @ /flvPsf] 5 M
g]kfn ;/sf/ @= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o;
sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg ;ef tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno P]gdf,
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f *# sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] x]l;otdf ;+ljwfg ;efn] agfPsf] tn n]lvP -s_ cg';Gwfg clws[t eGgfn] bkmf !%
adf]lhdsf] P]g ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 . adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] jf tf]lsPsf]
cg';Gwfg clws[t ;Demg' k5{ .
;+jt\ @)&) ;fnsf] P]g g+= @
-v_ cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfsf] pRrkb:y
;DklQ z4' Ls/0f -dgL nfpG8l/_ lgjf/0f Pg] nfO{ ;z + fw] g ug{ JolQm eGgfn] cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfsf]
ags] f] Pg] Joj:yfkgsf] pRr lhDd]jf/L kfPsf
k|:tfjgf M ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f -dgL nfpG8l/_ lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ nfO{ ;~rfns ;b:o, Joj:yfks, lgb]{zs,
;+zf]wg ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n], pklgb]{zs jf ;f] ;/xsf] lhDd]jf/L
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f *# adf]lhd ePsf] jf kfPsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] x}l;otdf ;+ljwfg;efn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 . -u_ cftsf/L sfo{ eGgfn] b]xfosf
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f s[ofsnfk ;Demg' k5{ M
-dgL nfpG8l/_ lgjf/0f -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)&) /x]sf]5 . -!_ ;g\ !((( df ;DkGg ePsf]
-@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 . cftjfbdf ljQLo nufgLsf]
bdg ;DaGwL dxf;lGw
@= ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f -dgL nfpG8l/_ lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ sf] -OG6/g]zgn sGe]G;g km/ b
k|:tfjgfdf ;+zf]wg M ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f -dgL nfpG8l/_ ;k|];g ckm b kmfOgflG; ckm
lgjf/0f P]g, @)^$ -o;kl5 d"n P]g elgPsf]_ sf] 6]/f]l/Hd\\_ sf] wf/f @ sf]
k|:tfjgfdf /x]sf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f eGg] zAbx?sf] ;f pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ f/f
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[nfsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL s;"/sf] ?kdf kl/eflift s'g}
eGg] zAbx?/flvPsf 5g\ . sfo{,
#= d"n P]gsf] bkmf ! df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf ! sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Gbe{ tyf k|s[ltn]
-@_ sf] ;f b]xfosf] pkbkmf -@_ /flvPsf] 5 M ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ql;t kfg]{ jf
-@_ of] P]g g]kfne/ nfu" x'g]5 / ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f s'g} ;/sf/ jf cGt/f{li6o
tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{ ;7gnfO{ s'g} sfo{ ug{ jf
g]kfnleq jf g]kfn aflx/ hxfF;'s} /x] a;]sf] JolQm ;d]tnfO{ gug{ afWo t'Nofpg] p2]Zon]
nfu" x'g]5 . s'g} u}/;}lgs JolQm
-l;lelnog_ jf ;z:q Gsf
-3_ -4_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
avt zq'tfk"0f{ sfo{df ;+nUg -!_ u}/sfg"gL ?kn] tyf hfgLhfgL
gePsf] JolQmsf] Hofg lng] jf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf
ce ug]{ cGo s'g} sfo{, h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 cftsf/L
-#_ g]kfn kIf ePsf b]xfosf sfo{ ug]{ jf ug{ pBf]u ug]{,
dxf;lGw cGtu{t s;"/ dflgg] -@_ cftsf/L sfo{ ug{ dltof/sf]
sfo{ M ?kdf ;xefuL x'g],
-s_ ;g\ !(^# df ;DkGg -#_ cftsf/L sfo{ ug{ c?nfO{
ePsf] jfo'ofgleq ;+ul7t kfg]{ jf lgb]z { g lbg],
ePsf s;"/ tyf cGo jf
s]xL sfo{ ;DaGwL -$_ cftsf/L sfo{ ug]{ ;fd"lxs
6f]lsof] dxf;lGw p2]Zo /fVg] ;d"xn] cftsf/L
-6f]lsof] sGe]G;g cg sfo{ u5{ jf ug]{ dg;fo
ck]mG;]h P08 ;6]{g /fv]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L x'Fbf
cb/ PS6\; sld6]8 x'Fb} jf cfkm"n] ug]{ ;xof]u jf
cg af]8{ Pc/qmfkm\6_, of]ubfgn] cftsf/L sfo{nfO{
-v_ ;g\ !(*& df ;DkGg a9fjf lbG5 eGg] hfgsf/L
ePsf] cftjfbsf] x'Fbfx'Fb} To:tf] ;d"xnfO{
bdg ;DaGwL ;fs{ cftsf/L sfo{ ug{ ;xof]u
If]qLo dxf;lGw ug]{ jf of]ubfg k'ofpg] .
-;fs{ l/hgn sGe]G;g -_ cftsf/L ;7g eGgfn]
cg ;k|];g ckm cftsf/Lx?sf] b]xfosf] s'g} ;+ul7t
6]/f]l/Hd_, jf c;+ul7t ;d"x jf ;+u7g ;Demg'
-u_ of] bkmf k|f/De eP k5{ M
kl5 cftjfbL sfd -!_ u}/sfg"gL tyf hfgLhfgL
sf/afxLsf] lj?4df k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf
g]kfn kIf ePsf] cGo h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 cftsf/L
s'g} dxf;lGw . sfo{ ug]{ jf ug{ pBf]u ug]{,
-3_ cftsf/L JolQm eGgfn] b]xfosf] -@_ cftsf/L sfo{ ug{ dltof/sf]
s'g} sfo{ ug]{ k|fs[lts JolQm ;Demg' ?kdf ;xefuL x'g],
k5{ M

-5_ -6_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-#_ cftsf/L sfo{ ug{ c?nfO{ cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ?kdf x:tfGt/0f jf
;+ul7t kfg]{ jf lgb]{zg lbg], ?kfGt/0f ePsf] ;DklQ jf nfe
jf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-$_ cftsf/L sfo{ ug]{ ;fd"lxs -em_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg eGgfn]
p2]Zo /fVg] ;d"xn] cftsf/L cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ?kdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
sfo{ u5{ jf ug]{ dg;fo ;DaGwL s;"/ jf ;Da4 s;"/ ug{
/fv]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L x'Fbf h'g;'s} k|sf/n] k|of]u ePsf]] jf k|of]u
x'Fb} jf cfkm"n] ug]{ ;xof]u jf ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;fwg, ;DklQ jf cGo
of]ubfgn] cftsf/L sfo{nfO{ s'g} pks/0f ;Demg' k5{ .
a9fjf lbG5 eGg] hfgsf/L -`_ sf/f]af/ eGgfn] ;DklQsf] vl/b,
x'Fbfx'Fb} o:tf] ;d"xnfO{ laqmL, ljt/0f, x:tfGt/0f, nufgL,
cftsf/L sfo{ ug{nfO{ ;xof]u ef]urng jf cGo s'g} cfly{s jf
ug]{ jf of]ubfg k'ofpg] . Jofj;flos sfd sf/afxL ug{sf] nflu
-r_ pRrkb:y JolQm eGgfn] :jb]zL ul/g] ;Demf}tf jf b]xfosf s'g} sfo{
pRrkb:y JolQm, ljb]zL pRrkb:y ;Demg' k5{ M
JolQm jf cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfsf] -!_ Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{,
pRrkb:y JolQm ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6o ;dGjo -@_ vftf vf]Ng],
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn /fhkqdf -#_ ljB'tLojfh'g;'s} dfWodaf6
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] ju{sf] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] d'b|f jf pks/0f
JolQm ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . dfkm{t ul/g] lgIf]k jf /sd
-5_ s/]:kf]l8 a}l eGgfn] s'g} Ps ;ng, e'QmfgL, e'QmfgL cfb]z,
ljQLo ;+:yfn]] cfkm\gf] u|fxsnfO{ csf]{ ljlgdo jf sf]ifsf] :yfgfGt/0f
ljQLo ;+:yf dfkm{t a}l ;]jf pknAw ug]{,
u/fpg] Joj:yf ;Demg' k5{ . -$_ h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] ;]km l8kf]lh6
-h_ s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ eGgfn] ;DklQ -ns/_ sf] k|of]u ug]{,
z'4Ls/0f ;DaGwL s;"/ jf ;Da4 -%_ lxtsf/L -lkm8"l;o/L_ ;DaGw
s;"/af6 k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf k|fKt :yfkgf ug]{,
u/]sf] jf xfl;n u/]sf] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] -^_ s'g} sfg"gL jf s/f/Lo
;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] bfloTjsf cfwf/df k"0f{ jf
;DklQaf6 a9] a9fPsf]] cGo ;DklQ jf
cfly{s nfe jf s'g} klg tl/sfn]
-7_ -8_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
cf+lzs ?kdf e'QmfgL lbg] jf -!_ a} shf{,
lng], -@_ ofq' r]s,
-&_ lr7\7f, afhL jf ;+of]usf -#_ a} r]s,
cfwf/df xf/lht x'g] u/L
v]lnPsf] v]nsf] cfwf/df ul/g] -$_ wgfb]z,
e'QmfgL lbg] jf lng], -%_ z]o/,
-*_ sfg"gL JolQm jf sfg"gL -^_ lwtf]kq,
k|jGwsf] ;+:yfkgf jf btf{ ug]{, -&_ C0fkq -a08_,
-(_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn -*_ 8fkm\6,
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} sfo{ ug{] . -(_ k|tLtkq,
-6_ sfg"gL k|aGw eGgfn] u'7L -!)_ cGo s'g} cfly{s jf ljQLo
-PS:k|]; 6i6_ jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo ;fwg ;|f]t .
sfg"gL k|aGw ;Demg' k5{ . -9_ u}/ljQLo k]zfsdL{ jf Joj;foL
-7_ sfg"gL JolQm eGgfn] sDkgL, eGgfn] b]xfosf] s'g} Jofj;flos sfo{
;+:yfg, ;xsf/L ;+:yf jf cGo s'g} ug]{ k]zfsdL{ jf Joj;foL ;Demg'
;l7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] k5{ M
k|fOe]6 kmd{, ;fem]bf/L jf u}/;/sf/L -!_ Sofl;gf] jf OG6/g]6 Sofl;gf]
;+:yf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . Joj;foL,
-8_ sf]if eGgfn] h'g;'s} tl/sfn] k|fKt -@_ 3/hUuf vl/b jf laqmL
ePsf] jf ;f]af6 a9] a9fPsf] ljQLo Joj;foL,
;DklQ, cfly{s ;fwg ;|f]t jf d"t{ jf -#_ tf]lsPsf] ax'd"No wft' jf
cd"t{, rn jf crn, ef}lts jf j:t'sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ Joj;foL,
cef}lts s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;DklQ,
b]xfosf] pks/0f jf ;fwg ;|f]t -$_ cfkm\gf] u|fxs jf kIfsf]
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] ;DklQ tkm{af6 b]xfosf] sfo{ ubf{,
jf pks/0f jf ;fwg ;|f]t pk/ ;f]sf] tof/L ubf{ jf ;f]df
ljB'tLo jf h'g;'s} k|sf/n] xs ePsf] ;+nUg x'Fbfsf avtsf] gf]6/L
jf lxt /x]sf] sfg"gL sfuhft, lg:;f, klAns, n]vfk/LIfs, n]vf
k|df0fk"hf{ jf s'g} pks/0f ;d]tnfO{ Joj;foL jf To:t} k|s[ltsf]
hgfpF5 M sfo{ ug]{ cGo Joj;foL M
-9_ -10_
10_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-s_ 3/hUuf v/Lb laqmL, -u_ sfg"gL JolQm jf sfg"gL
-v_ u|fxssf] /sd, lwtf]kq jf k|aGwnfO{ Jofj;flos
cGo ;DklQsf] Joj:yfkg, ?kdf /lhi68{ sfof{no,
7]ufgf jf 7fpF pknAw
-u_ a}, art tyf lwtf]kq u/fpg] jf ;f]sf] nflu
;DaGwL sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg, kq Jojxf/sf] lhDdf
-3_ sfg"gL JolQmsf] ;+:yfkgf ubf{ lng],
jf ;~rfng ubf{sf avt -3_ sfg"gL k|aGw jf o:t}
ul/Psf] of]ubfg tyf k|s[ltsf cGo sfg"gL
nufgLsf] Joj:yfkg, k|aGwsf] 6li6 eO{ sfd
-_ sfg"gL JolQm jf sfg"gL ug]{ jf 6li6sf] dgf]gog
k|aGwsf] ;[hgf, ;+:yfkgf, ug]{ jf cGo JolQm dfkm{t
btf{, ;~rfng jf u/fpg], jf
Joj:yfkg, jf -_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
-r_ s'g}Jofj;flos ;+:yfsf] s'g} JolQmsf] tkm{af6 z]o/
v/Lb jf laqmL . wgL lgo'Qm eO{ jf cGo
-%_ cfkm\gf] u|fxs jf kIfsf] s'g} JolQm dfkm{t sfo{ ug]{
tkm{af6 b]xfosf] sfo{ ubf{ jf jf u/fpg] .
;f]sf] tof/L ubf{ jf ;f]df -^_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
;+nUg x'Fbfsf avt Jofj;flos /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
?kdf b]xfosf] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ tf]s]sf] cGo k]zfsdL{ jf
sDkgL jf 6i6 ;]jf k|bfos M Joj;foL .
-s_ sfg"gL JolQm jf sfg"gL -0f_ tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd
k|aGwsf] ;+:yfkgf, btf{ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf
jf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg'
Ph]06 eO{ sfd ug]{, k5{ .
-v_ sfg"gL JolQmsf] ;fem]bf/, -t_ wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kq eGgfn] k"0f{
;~rfns, ;lrj jf To:t} jf ck"0f{ ?kdf /x]sf] a]gfdL, sfNklgs
kbflwsf/L eO{ sfd ug]{ gfd /x]sf] jf wf/sn] s;}sf] clVtof/L
jf cGo JolQm dfkm{t ljgf pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] jf h;n] k|fKt
u/fpg], u5{ p;}n] e'QmfgL lng ;Sg] ofq'r]s,
-11_
11_ -12_
12_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
r]s, k|ldz/L gf]6 jf wgfb]z ;d]tsf -!_ lgIf]k :jLsf/ ug]{ jf
ljlgd]o clwsf/kq nufotsf df}lb|s ;j{;fwf/0faf6 e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{
pks/0f ;Demg' k5{ . u/L cGo /sd lng],
-y_ lgodgsf/L lgsfo eGgfn] ;"rs -@_ k|fOe]6 a}+ls ;DaGwL sfo{
;+:yfsf] lgodg jf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ ug]{,
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt ;+:yf -#_ h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] shf{ lbg],
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] bkmf &g= sf]
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] -$_ pkef]Uo j:t' afx]ssf] ljQLo
tf]s]sf] lgodgsf/L lgsfo ;d]tnfO{ lnlh ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{,
hgfpF5 . -%_ e'QmfgL >[\vnfdf dfWod jf cGo
-b_ d'b|f eGgfn] g]kfnL d'b|f jf ljb]zL ;xfos ;]jf k|bfossf] ?kdf /xL
d'b|f ;Demg' k5{ . sfo{ ug]{ afx]s d'b|f jf d"No
:yfgfGt/0f-EofNo" 6fG;km/_ ug]{,
-w_ /fi6 a} eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfn /fi6 a} -^_ r]s, 8fkm\6, wgfb]z, 8]la6 sf8{,
;Demg' k5{ . qm]l86 sf8{ nufotsf ljB'tLo
jf cGo h'g;'s} k|sf/sf e'QmfgL
-g_ /fi6;]js eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg"g pks/0f hf/L jf Joj:yfkg ug]{,
adf]lhd /fi6;]js dflgg] JolQm
;Demg' k5{ . -&_ ljQLo hdfgt jf k|lta4tf
-sld6d]06_ lbg],
-k_ jf:tljs wgL eGgfn] u|fxs, sf/f]af/,
;DklQ, sfg"gL JolQm jf sfg"gL k|jGw -*_ b]xfosf pks/0fsf] Joj;fo
pk/ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf :jfldTj ug]{ M
x'g], lgoGq0f /fVg], lgb]{zg lbg jf k|efj -s_ r]s, laN;, lgIf]k
kfg{ ;Sg] clGtd lxtflwsf/L jf wgLsf] k|df0fkq,8]l/e]l6E;
?kdf /x]sf] k|fs[lts JolQm ;Demg' k5{ . nufotsf d'b|f ahf/
-km_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{{ eGgfn] bkmf pks/0f,
( adf]lhdsf] ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{{ -v_ ljb]zL d'b|f ljlgdo,
;Demg' k5{ . -u_ ;6xL, Jofhb/ jf cGo
-a_ ljQLo ;+:yf eGgfn] Jofj;flos To:t} d"No jf /sd
?kdf cfkm\gf] u|fxssf] nflu jf lghsf] ePsf] pks/0f,
tkm{af6 b]xfosf] sfo{ ug]{ JolQm
;Demg' k5{ M
-13_
13_ -14_
14_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-3_ x:tfGt/0fof]Uo lwtf]kq, k|zf;s, pRr Goflos clwsf/L, pRr
jf ;'/Iff clwsf/L tyf /fHo lgolGqt
-_ j:t' ljlgdo ahf/ ;+:yfsf] pRrkbflwsf/L jf To:tf]
-sdf]l8l6h dfs]{6_ lhDd]jf/L ePsf] jf kfPsf] JolQm ;d]t
;DaGwL pks/0f . ;Demg' k5{ .
-(_ lwtf]kq lgisf;g jf ;f] -d_ ljefu eGgfn] bkmf !! adf]lhdsf]
;DaGwL ljQLo ;]jf lbg], ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f cg';Gwfg ljefu
;Demg' k5{ .
-!)_ Psn jf;fd"lxs kf]6{kmf]lnof]
Joj:yfkg ug]{, -o_ JolQm eGgfn] k|fs[lts JolQm jf
sfg"gL JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-!!_ cGo JolQmsf] tkm{af6 gub jf
t/n ;DklQ Joj:yfkg jf ;]km -/_ zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg
l8kf]lh6 -ns/_ sf] eGgfn] bkmf &w= adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg
Joj:yfkg ug]{, ;Demg' k5{ .
-!@_ hLjg ladf / ladf;Fu -n_ z]n a} eGgfn] ;+:yfkgf ePsf] jf
;DalGwt cGo nufgLsf] cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf] d'n'sdf ef}lts
k|Tofe"lt -c08//fOl6_ tyf ?kdf pkl:ylt g/x]sf] jf k|efjsf/L
Kn];d]06 ug]{, lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0fsf] s'g} klg
bfo/fdf g/x]sf] ljQLo ;+:yf jf ljQLo
-!#_ /sd jf d'b|f ;6xL ug]{, ;+:yfsf] ;d"x ;Demg' k5{ .
-!$_ pkv08 -!_ b]lv -!#_ df :ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf
plNnlvt sfo{ afx]s cGo nflu :yfgLo k|ltlglw jf tNnf] txsf]
JolQmsf] tkm{af6 /sd -km08_ sd{rf/Lsf] pkl:ylt ePsf] cj:yfnfO{
nufgL ug]{, ;f]sf] k|zf;g tyf ef}lts ?kdf pkl:ylt g/x]sf]
Joj:yfkg ug]{, jf dflgg]5 .
-!%_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf -j_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
sfo{ ug]{ . s;"/ eGgfn] kl/R5]b @ cGtu{tsf]
-e_ ljb]zL pRrkb:y JolQm eGgfn] s;"/ ;Demg' k5{ .
ljb]zL /fi6 k|d'v, ;/sf/ k|d'v, pRr -z_ ;Da4 s;"/ -k|]l8s]6 ckm]G;_ eGgfn]
/fhgLlt1, /fli6o:t/sf] /fhgLlts cg';"rLdf plNnlvt s;"/ ;Demg'
bnsf] s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L, pRr k5{ .
-15_
15_ -16_
16_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-if_ ;DklQ eGgfn] ef}lts jf cef}lts, -s_ ;DklQsf] u}/sfg"gL ;|f]t -Olnl;6
rn jf crn, d"t{ jf cd"t{ h'g;'s} cl/lhg_ n'sfpg] jf 5Ng] jf
k|sf/sf] ;DklQ, sf]if jf s'g} d"No s;"/df ;+nUg JolQmnfO{sfg"gL
ePsf] j:t' jf pks/0f ;Demg' k5{ / sf/afxLaf6 arfpg ;xof]u ug]{
;f] zAbn] ;f] pk/ xs, lxt, bfaL jf p2]Zon] s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ xf]
clwsf/ :yflkt ug]{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] eGg] yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} jf ljZjf;
sfuhft, lg:;f, k|df0fk"hf{ jf ljB'tLo ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ x'Fbfx'Fb}
jf cGo pks/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . To:tf] ;DklQ s'g} klg k|sf/n]
-;_ ;"rs ;+:yf eGgfn] ljQLo ;+:yf jf kfGt/0f jf x:tfGt/0f ug]{,
u}/ljQLo k]zfsdL{ jf Joj;foL ;Demg' -v_ s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ xf] eGg] yfxf
k5{ . kfpFbfkfpFb} jf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{
-x_ :jb]zL pRrkb:y JolQm eGgfn] dgfl;a cfwf/ x'Fbfx'Fb} To:tf]
/fi6klt, pk/fi6klt, dGqL, ;DklQsf] ;xL k|s[lt, ;|f]t, :yfg,
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;b:o, ;+j}wflgs lgM;u{ -l8:kf]lh;g_, sf/f]af/
lgsfosf] kbflwsf/L, g]kfn ;/sf/sf -d'ed]06_, :jfldTj jf ;f] ;DklQ
ljlzi6 >]0fL jf ;f] ;/xsf] jf ;f]eGbf pk/sf] clwsf/ n'sfpg], 5Ng] jf
dflysf kbflwsf/L, k'g/fj]bg abNg], jf
cbfntsf] GofofwLz jf ;f]eGbf -u_ s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ xf] eGg]
dflyNnf] txsf] GofofwLz, pRr hfgL hfgL jf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{
/fhgLlt1, /fli6o:t/sf] /fhgLlts dgfl;a cfwf/ x'Fbfx'Fb} To:tf]
bnsf] s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L, g]kfn ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{, k|of]u ug]{ jf
;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj wf/0f ug]{ .
ePsf ;+:yfsf] pRr kbflwsf/L jf
To:tf] lhDd]jf/L ePsf] jf kfPsf] -@_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s'g}
JolQm ;Demg' k5{ . sfo{sf] if8oGq, d2t, b'?T;fxg, ;xhLs/0f,
dt;Nnfx jf pBf]u ug{ jf ;Da4tf jf ;xeflutf
%= d"n P]gsf] kl/R5]b @ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] hgfpg jf dltof/ x'g x'Fb}g .
;f b]xfosf] kl/R5]b @ /flvPsf] 5 M
kl/R5]b @ -#_ s;}n] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df plNnlvt s'g}
sfo{ u/]df To:tf] sfo{ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ;DaGwL s;"/
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL x'g]5 .
s;"/
$= cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ug{ gx'g] M -!_
#= ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ug{ gx'g] M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] b]xfosf] s'g} JolQmn] cftsf/L sfo{df jf cftsf/L JolQm jf
s'g} sfo{ ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g M
-17_
17_ -18_
18_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
cftsf/L ;7gn] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ jf -u_ ;DklQ jf sf]if s'g} vf; cftsf/L
ug{ ;Sg] s'/f yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} u}/sfg"gL dg;fon] sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt eP jf gePdf,
:j]R5fk"j{s s'g} klg dfWodaf6 k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf -3_ cftsf/L sfo{ jf cftsf/L sfo{ ug{
?kdf ;DklQ jf sf]if pknAw u/fpg jf ;ng ug{ vf]lhPsf] sfo{ ;f] sfo{ ePsf] jf ug{
x'Fb}g . vf]lhPsf] d'n's jf e"efu jf cGoq
-@_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'g} hxfF;'s} ePdf jf x'g] ePdf,
sfo{sf] pBf]u ug{ x'Fb}g . -_ cftsf/L JolQm jf cftsf/L ;7g
-#_ s'g} JolQmn] cftsf/L sfo{ ug{sf] nflu To:tf] sfo{ ug]{ JolQm /x]sf] d'n's jf
jf cftsf/L JolQm jf cftsf/L ;7gnfO{ k|ToIf jf e"efudf /x] jf g/x]df jf cGoq /x]df,
ck|ToIf ?kdf s'g} klg dfWodaf6 ef}lts ;xof]u jf jf
;fwg ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg jf ;f]sf] if8\oGq ug{ -r_ ;DklQ jf sf]if j}wflgs jf cj}wflgs
x'Fb}g . h'g;'s} ;|f]t jf dfWodaf6 ;ng
-$_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_, -@_ jf -#_ df ul/Psf] jf pknAw u/fOPsf] ePdf .
plNnlvt s'g} sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ ug{ -^_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_, -@_, -#_, -$_ jf
x'Fb}g M -%_ df plNnlvt sfo{ u/]df To:tf] sfo{ cftjfbL
-s_ To:tf] sfo{ ug{ dltof/sf] ?kdf sfd s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ x'g]5 .
ug]{, %= ljb]zdf u/]sf] sfo{ s;"/ x'g] M bkmf # jf $ df
-v_ To:tf] sfo{ ug{ cGo JolQmnfO{ ;+ul7t plNnlvt s'g} sfo{ ljb]zL d'n's jf e"efudf ePsf] /
ug]{ jf lgb]{zg lbg], jf To:tf] sfo{ ;f] d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd klg s;"/ x'g]
-u_ To:tf] sfo{ ug{] jf To:tf] sfo{ ug]{ /x]5 eg] To:tf] sfo{ g]kfndf ePsf] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
;fd"lxs p2]Zo /fVg] JolQmx?sf] tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
;d"xnfO{ ck/flws sfo{df a9fjf lbg s;"/ ;/x x'g]5 .
jf To:tf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ hfgL hfgL ^= d"n P]gsf] kl/R5]b # df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] kl/R5]b # sf]
of]ubfg lbg] . ;f b]xfosf] kl/R5]b # /flvPsf]5 M
-%_ o; bkmfdf plNnlvt sfo{sf ;DaGwdf kl/R5]b #
b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf ;d]t cftjfbL u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL x'g]5 M
-s_ cftsf/L sfo{ gePdf jf ;f]sf] ^= a]gfdL jf sfNklgs gfddf sf/f]af/ ug{ gx'g] M ;"rs
pBf]u gePdf, ;+:yfn] a]gfdL jf sfNklgs gfddf vftf vf]Ng jf s'g}
k|sf/sf] sf/f]af/ ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g .
-v_ ;DklQ jf sf]if s'g} cftsf/L sfo{ jf
;f]sf] pBf]udf jf:tljs ?kdf k|of]u
gePdf,
-19_
19_ -20_
20_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
&= z]n a} :yfkgf jf ;~rfng ug{ gx'g] M -!_ s;}n] -@_ ;"rs ;+:yfn]] u|fxssf] klxrfg ubf{
g]kfndf jf g]kfnsf] e"efu dfkm{t z]n a} :yfkgf u|fxs;Fu lng' kg]{ Go"gtd\ sfuhft tf]lsP adflhd
tyf ;~rfng ug{ x'Fb}g . x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] s'g} ljQLo ;+:yfn] z]n a} jf -#_ ;"rs ;+:yfn]] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
z]n a}nfO{ sf/f]af/ ug{ lbg] s'g} klg ljQLo jf cGo u|fxssf] klxrfg ubf{ tyf klxrfgsf] ;Dk'li6 ubf{
;+:yf;Fu Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{ jf To:tf] :jtGq tyf e/kbf]{ ;|f]t ;lxtsf] sfuhft, tYof jf
Jofj;flos ;DaGwnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg xF'b}g . hfgsf/L k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
&s= u|fxssf] klxrfg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] b]xfo -$_ ;"rs ;+:yfn]] cfkm\gf u|fxssf] ;xL ?kdf
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ubf{ u|fxssf] ;xL ?kdf klxrfg tyf klxrfg tyf ;f]sf] ;Dk'li6 ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf pkfo
;f]sf] ;Dk'li6 e/kbf]{ ;|f]taf6 k|fKt sfuhft, tYof ckgfpg' kg]{5 M
jf hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df pkbkmf -#_ / -$_ sf] cwLgdf -s_ sf/f]af/ jf Jofj;flos ;DaGw tyf
/xL ug'{ kg]{5 M ;f]sf] p2]Zo jf nlIft k|s[ltsf] af/]df
-s_ Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf ubf{, pko'Qm ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L lng],
-v_ vftf vf]Nbf, -v_ u|fxs k|fs[lts JolQm ePdf pkbkmf -
-u_ tf]lsPsf] /sdeGbf a9Lsf] cfsl:ds @_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf sfuhft
sf/f]af/ ubf{, ;d]tsf cfwf/df lghsf] gfd, 7]ufgf
/ hGdldlt nufotsf ljj/0f k|fKt
-3_ ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 sf]if :yfgfGt/0f - ug]{,
jfo/ 6fG;km/_ ubf{,
-u_ u|fxs sfg"gL JolQm jf sfg"gL k|aGw
-_ u|fxssf] klxrfgsf] nflu klxn] lnPsf] ePdf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf
hfgsf/Lsf] ;Totf jf kof{Kttfdf zf sfuhft ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;f]sf]
nflu yk ;Dk'li6 ug'{ kbf{, :jfldTj tyf lgoGq0f k4ltsf] af/]df
-r_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f jf cftjfbL ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L lng] tyf ;Dk'li6
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ePsf] zf ug]{,
nflu yk ;Dk'li6 ug'{ kbf{, -3_ cGo JolQmsf] tk{maf6 Jofj;flos
-5_ pRr hf]lvdo'Qm u|fxs jf pRrkb:y ;DaGw :yfkgf jf sf/f]af/ ug]{ eP
JolQmn] k|To]s sf/f]af/ ubf{, jf h;sf tk{maf6 To:tf] ;DaGw jf
-h_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbPsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] lgh tyf
s'g} sfo{ ubf{ . lghsf] tkm{af6 sfd ug]{ JolQmsf]
klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ug]{ /
clVtof/gfdf ;lxtsf] sfuhft lng],
-21_
21_ -22_
22_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] bfloTj k"/f -s_ Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf ug'{ cl3
ug{ u|fxs, sf/f]af/ jf Joj;fosf] ;"rs ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg x]g]{ pRr
k|sf/ tyf k|s[ltsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lng],
cGo ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L lng], -v_ ljBdfg u|fxs pRrkb:y JolQm ePsf]
-r_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbPsf cGo yfxf x'g cfPdf tTsfn v08 -s_
pkfo cjnDjg ug]{ . adf]lhdsf] :jLs[lt lng],
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP -u_ u|fxs jf jf:tljs wgLsf] ;DklQ tyf
tfklg u}/ljQLo k]zfsdL{ jf Joj;foLsf] ?kdf /x]sf sf]ifsf] ;|f]t klxrfg ug{ kof{Kt pkfo
b]xfosf ;"rs ;+:yfn] b]xfosf u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf cjnDjg ug]{,
;Dk'li6 ug'{ clgjfo{ x'g] 5}g M -3_ u|fxs tyf lgh;Fusf] Jofj;flos
-s_ Sofl;gf]n] Ps lbgdf b'O{nfv ?k}ofF jf ;DaGw jf sf/f]af/sf] ;DaGwdf
;f]eGbf sdsf] sf/f]af/df ;+nUg x'g] lg/Gt/ ?kdf cg'udg ug]{,
u|fxssf], -_ bkmf &= adf]lhd a[xt\ u|fxs klxrfg
-v_ ax'd"No wft' tyf j:t'sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;DaGwL pkfo cjnDjg ug]{ .
Joj;foLn] Ps lbgdf bznfv ?k}ofF -#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf
jf ;f]eGbf sd /sdsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ pRrkb:y JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o tyf ;Da4
u|fxssf] . JolQmsf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .
-^_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cfkm\gf] u|fxssf] ;xL &u= jf:tljs wgLsf] klxrfg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn]
klxrfg tyf klxrfgsf] ;Dk'li6 ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf ubf{ jf sf/f]af/ ubf{
;DalGwt ;"rs ;+:yfsf] x'g]5 . jf:tljs wgLsf] klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ug{sf] nflu
&v= pRrkb:y JolQmsf] klxrfg ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M cfjZos dgfl;j pkfox? ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
-!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] u|fxs jf jf:tljs wgL jf -@_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] s'g} JolQmn] cGo s'g}
u|fxs aGg vf]Hg] JolQm pRrkb:y JolQm eP jf JolQmsf] tkm{af6 Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf jf
gePsf] olsg ug{ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL sfd sf/afxL u/] jf gu/]sf]
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . ;DaGwdf olsg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] u|fxs jf jf:tljs wgLsf] -#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd olsg ubf{ s'g}
?kdf /x]sf] ljb]zL pRrkb:y JolQm / Jofj;flos JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmsf] tkm{af6 Jofj;flos ;DaGw
sf/0fn] pRr hf]lvdo'Qm b]lvPsf] cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf jf sf/f]af/ u/]sf] b]lvPdf ;"rs ;+:yfn]
pRrkb:y JolQm jf :jb]zL pRrkb:y JolQm;Fu To:tf] JolQmsf] klxrfg tyf ;f]sf] ;Dk'li6 ;DaGwdf
Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf ubf{ jf sf/f]af/ ubf{
b]xfosf] cltl/Qm pkfo ckgfpg' kg]{5 M
-23_
23_ -24_
24_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
bkmf &s= sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd pkfo Joj:yf ldnfO{ To:tf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;do ;dodf
ckgfpg' kg]{5 . cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
&3= hf]lvdsf] klxrfg, d"Nofg tyf Joj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{ M -*_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf]
-!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] b]z, ef}uf]lns If]q, Joj;fo gLltut, sfo{ljlwut tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL
jf k]zf, sfo{If]q, u|fxs, ;]jf jf pTkfbg, sf/f]af/ Joj:yf sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf lgoldt
tyf ljt/0f dfWod ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ?kdf cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 .
tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL &= a[xt\ u|fxs klxrfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;"rs
hf]lvdsf] klxrfg tyf d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{5 . ;+:yfn] b]xfosf u|fxs;Fu Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf]lvdsf] klxrfg ubf{ jf sf/f]af/ ubf{ a[xt\ u|fxs klxrfg ;DaGwL
tyf d"Nofg ubf{ ;"rs ;+:yfn] /fli6o hf]lvd pko'Qm pkfox? ckgfpg' kg]{5 M
d"Nofg jf lgodgsf/L lgsfon] u/]sf] hf]lvd -s_ bkmf &3=, &k= / #% adf]lhd ul/Psf]
d"Nofg ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg' kg]{5 . hf]lvd d"Nofgaf6 pRr hf]lvdo'Qm
-#_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf]lvd b]lvPsf] u|fxs,
d"Nofg ubf{ hf]lvd;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx?sf] -v_ cfly{s jf sfg"gL p2]Zo :ki6 gb]lvg]
ljZn]if0f u/L] hf]lvdsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . hl6n, 7"nf] jf c:jefljs k|j[lQsf]
-$_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] o; bkmf adf]lhd u/]sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ u|fxs,
hf]lvdsf] d"Nofg ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f, ;"rgf tyf -u_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
k|fKt lgisif{ ;DaGwL clen]v lnlvt ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 . s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL
-%_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ug]{ cGt/f{li6o dfkb08 kfngf gug]{ jf cf+lzs
hf]lvdsf] d"Nofg cfjlws ?kdf u/L To;nfO{ ?kdf dfq kfngf ug]{ egL cGt/f{li6o
cfjZostf cg';f/ cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 . ?kdf klxrfg ePsf] d'n'ssf] u|fxs,
-^_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] -3_ pRrkb:y JolQm / To:tf] JolQmsf]
clen]v ;DalGwt lgodgsf/L lgsfonfO{ pknAw kl/jf/sf] ;b:o tyf lgh;Fu ;Da4
u/fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf] clen]v cGo ;Da4 lgsfon] JolQm jf u|fxs,
dfu u/]df To:tf] lgsfonfO{ ;d]t pknAw u/fpg' -_ bkmf &9= sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf]
kg]{5 . sf/f]af/ ug]{ u|fxs,
-&_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] o; bkmf adf]lhd klxrfg -r_ pRr hf]lvdo'Qm gofF pks/0f
ePsf] hf]lvdsf] :t/ cg'?k u|fxs klxrfg, -k|f]8S6_ jf ;]jf k|of]u ug]{ u|fxs,
Joj:yfkg tyf hf]lvdsf] Go"lgs/0f ug{sf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ gLltut, sfo{ljlwut tyf lgoGq0ffTds -5_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
-25_
25_ -26_
26_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
s;"/ jf cGo s'g} s;"/df zf nfu]sf] -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] u|fxssf] klxrfg
u|fxs, jf tyf ;Dk'li6 ug]{ cjlw lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbP
-h_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbPsf] cGo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
u|fxs . &h= u|fxssf] klxrfg ug'{ kg]{ ;do M -!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn]
-@_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf vftf vf]Ng' jf Jofj;flos ;DaGw sfod ug'{ cufj},
u|fxssf] a[xt\ u|fxs klxrfg ubf{ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] Jofj;flos ;DaGw sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf tyf
lgwf{/0f u/]sf yk pkfox? ;d]t ckgfpg' kg]{5 . cfsl:ds sf/f]af/ -cs]hgn 6fGh]S;g_ ubf{ u|fxs
tyf jf:tljs wgLsf] klxrfg tyf ;f]sf] ;Dk'li6 ug'{
-#_ a[xt\ u|fxs klxrfg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf kg]{5 .
tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
&r= ;/nLs[t u|fxs klxrfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;"rs tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf ;"rs ;+:yfn]
;+:yfn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf u|fxssf] klxrfgsf] ;Dk'li6 Jofj;flos ;DaGw
ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL hf]lvd sd b]lvPsf] u|fxs jf :yfkgf jf sf/f]af/ u/]kl5| klg ug{ ;Sg]5 M
sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf ;/nLs[t u|fxs klxrfg tyf
;Dk'li6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf ckgfpg ;Sg]5 . -s_ Jofjxfl/s ?kdf s'g} klg avt
klxrfgsf] ;Dk'li6 x'g ;Sg] s'/fdf
-@_ pRr hf]lvdo'Qm u|fxs, sf/f]af/ jf ;"rs ;+:yf ljZj:t ePdf,
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo
nufgLsf] cf+zsf b]lvPsf] sf/f]af/sf] xsdf pkbkmf -v_ Jofjxfl/s sf/0fn] tTsfn u|fxs
-!_ adf]lhdsf] ;/nLs[t u|fxs klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 klxrfgsf] ;Dk'li6 ug{ ;Dej gePsf]
;DaGwL Joj:yf ckgfpg kfOg] 5}g . tyf klxrfgsf] ;Dk'li6 ubf{
Joj;fosf] lgoldt ;~rfngdf cj/f]w
-#_ ;/nLs[t u|fxs klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 l;h{gf x'g ;Sg] / To:tf] cj/f]w ug'{
;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 . cfjZos gb]lvPdf, /
&5= ljBdfg u|fxssf] klxrfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -u_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
-!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt vftf s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
;~rfng ul//x]sf jf Jofj;flos ;DaGw sfod /x]sf hf]lvdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf Jojl:yt
ljBdfg u|fxs tyf jf:tljs wgLsf] ;DaGwdf ePsf] ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf .
u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 / ;f]sf] kof{Kttfsf]
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L To:tf u|fxs tyf jf:tljs wgLsf] -#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
k|sf/ / k|s[lt, Jofj;flos ;DaGw, sf/f]af/, pTkfbg tfklg ;"rs ;+:yfn] b]xfosf u|fxs tyf sf/f]af/sf
jf ;]jf, b]z jf ef}uf]lns If]q jf ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u|fxs tyf jf:tljs
hf]lvdsf cfwf/df o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd u|fxssf] wgLsf] klxrfgsf] ;Dk'li6 ug'{ kg]{5 M
klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-27_
27_ -28_
28_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-s_ u|fxs hf]lvdo'Qm jf pRrkb:y JolQm -r_ ;"rs ;+:yf cfkm}n] pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo
jf To:tf] JolQmsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o sfo{ ug]{ .
tyf ;Da4 JolQm ePsf] b]lvPdf, jf &`= t];|f] kIfaf6 u|fxs klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 u/fpg
-v_ u|fxssf] sfd sf/afxL zf:kb ;lsg] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;"rs ;+:yfn] u|fxs
b]lvPdf . klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ;DaGwL s]xL sfo{ t];|f] kIfaf6
&em= lg/Gt/ cg'udg ug]{ M ;"rs ;:yfn] b]xfosf] sfo{ u/L u/fpg ;Sg]5 M
u|fxs, jf:tljs wgL jf sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf lg/Gt/ -s_ u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 o;
cg'udg -cguf]O 8\o" l8lnh]G;_ ug'{ kg]{5 M kl/R5]b adf]lhd x'g] s'/fdf ;"rs
-s_ u|fxssf ;DaGwdf cfkm";Fu k|fKt ;+:yf ljZj:t ePdf,
hfgsf/L, lghsf] Joj;fo jf hf]lvd -v_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cfjZos u|fxssf]
;DaGwL ljj/0f cg'?k sf/f]af/ eP jf klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf
gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ lgh;Fu ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft tyf ljj/0f ;DaGwL
Jofj;flos ;DaGw sfod /x];Dd hfgsf/L ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ tTsfn k|fKt
;'Id k/LIf0f ug]{, x'g] ePdf, /
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd ;'Id k/LIf0f ug{ -u_ u|fxs klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ug{ k|of]u
cfjZos eP lgh;Fu ;DklQsf] ;|f]t ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf
;d]t dfu ug]{ jf k/LIf0f ug]{, hfgsf/L ;"rs ;+:yfn] dfu]sf avt
-u_ pRrkb:y JolQm jf pRr hf]lvdo'Qm ljgf s'g} ljnDj k|fKt x'g] ;'lglZrt
nufotsf u|fxs tyf lgh;Fusf] ePdf .
Jofj;flos ;DaGw, sf/f]af/ tyf -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
jf:tljs wgL;Fu ;DalGwt sfuhft tfklg b]xfosf] t];|f] kIfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;+:yfaf6
tyf ljj/0f cBfjlws ePsf] ePsf] u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6nfO{ ;"rs ;+:yfn]
;'lglZrt ug{ df}h'bf sfuhft tyf :jLsf/ ug{ kfpg] 5}g M
ljj/0fsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cBfjlws -s_ To:tf] ;+:yf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
ug]{, cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
-3_ ;Ldfkf/ s/]:kf]l08 a}+l tyf jfo/ lgjf/0f ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6o dfkb08
:yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ tyf kfngf gug]{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf dfq
u|fxssf ;DaGwdf lgoldt ?kdf kfngf ug]{ egL klxrfg ePsf] d'n'ssf]
cg'udg ug]{, ePdf,
-_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbP
adf]lhdsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{, /
-29_
29_ -30_
30_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-v_ To:tf] ;+:yfdf u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ;DaGwL gLlt tyf
;Dk\'li6 ;DaGwL o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
Joj:yf ljBdfg gePdf, jf &7= jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f -6fG;km/_ ;DaGwL bfloTj M
-u_ To:tf] ;+:yf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf -!_ ljQLo ;:+yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd h'g;'s} d'b|f
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL jf hlt;'s} /sdsf] jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ug'{ cufj} b]xfo
lgjf/0f ;DaGwL lgodg, lg/LIf0f, adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f tyf hfgsf/L lnO{ u|fxssf] ;xL
;'k/Lj]If0fsf] bfo/f cGtu{tsf] gePdf . klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ug'{ kg]{5 M
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd t];|f] kIfaf6 u|fxssf] -s_ pTklQstf{sf] gfd,
klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ul/Psf] eP tfklg o; kl/R5]b -v_ pTklQstf{sf] vftf gDa/ / vftf
adf]lhd u|fxs klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 ;DaGwL clGtd gePsf] cj:yfdf sf/f]af/ klxrfg x'g
bfloTj ;"rs ;+:yfsf] x'g]5 . ;Sg] 5'} ;]t gDa/,
&6= gofF k|ljlw jf cfkm}+ pkl:yt gx'g] u|fxs jf sf/f]af/ -u_ pTklQstf{sf] 7]ufgf jf ;f] gePsf]
;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] k|rngdf cj:yfdf lghsf] hGdldlt / hGd:yfg
cfO;s]sf jf gofF pks/0f tyf Jofkfl/s cEof;, jf gful/stf gDa/ jf /fli6o
cfkm}+ pkl:yt gx'g] u|fxs jf sf/f]af/, ljt/0f k|0ffnL kl/rokq gDa/ jf u|fxs klxrfg
jf gjLg jf ljsf;sf] qmddf /x]sf] k|ljlwaf6 l;h{gf gDa/,
x'g ;Sg] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf
ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL hf]lvdsf] klxrfg tyf ;f]sf] -3_ lxtflwsf/Lsf] gfd tyf vftf gDa/ /
d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{5 . vftf gePsf] cj:yfdf sf/f]af/
klxrfg x'g ;Sg] 5'} ;]t gDa/,
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf]lvdsf] klxrfg
tyf d"Nofg To:tf] pks/0f, Jofkfl/s cEof;, -_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbPsf] cGo
ljt/0f k|0ffnL jf k|ljlw k|of]udf Nofpg' cufj} ug'{ ljj/0f jf hfgsf/L .
kg]{5 . :ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu pTklQstf{
-#_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd eGgfn] jfo/ 6fG;km/ dfkm{t /sd k7fpg] jf:tljs
klxrfg tyf d"Nofg ul/Psf] hf]lvdsf] Joj:yfkg wgL ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
ug{ kof{Kt pkfo ckgfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf Jofr
-$_ cfkm}+ pkl:yt gx'g] u|fxs;Fu Jofj;flos kmfondf hDdf x'g] jfo/ :yfgfGt/0fsf] xsdf ;d]t
;DaGw :yfkgf ubf{ jf sf/f]af/ ubf{ x'g ;Sg] ;DklQ nfu" x'g]5 .
z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL -#_ sf/f]af/ ePsf] Joxf]/f sf8{df b]lvg] u/L
;DaGwL ljz]if hf]lvdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;"rs ;+:yfn] 8]la6 sf8{, qm]l86 sf8{ jf lk|k]8 sf8{ dfkm{t j:t' jf
;]jf v/Lbsf] kl/0ffd :j?k ePsf] jfo/ :yfgfGt/0fdf
-31_
31_ -32_
32_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf tyf ljQLo -!)_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f
;+:yfx?aLr cfkm}+n] cfkm\gf] vftfdf jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ug]{ g]kfnsf] ljQLo ;+:yfn] jfo/
ubf{ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g . :yfgfGt/0fsf] cg'udg, ;f]wvf]h, lgnDjg, c:jLsf/,
-$_ pTklQstf{ jf lxtflwsf/L cfkm\gf] ljBdfg jf:tljs wgL tyf lxtflwsf/Lsf] klxrfg, e'QmfgL
u|fxs ePdf, lghn] ug]{ sf/f]af/af6 s;"/sf] hf]lvd nufotsf ljifodf hf]lvddf cfwfl/t gLlt tyf
gx'g] b]lvPdf / lghsf] ;xL klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
ePsf]df ljQLo ;+:yf ;Gt'i6 /x]df ljQLo ;+:yfn] -!!_ ljQLo ;+:yfn] jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u|fxs klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 gug{ sf/f]af/ ubf{ pTklQstf{ jf lxtflwsf/Lsf] o; bkmf
;d]t ;Sg]5 . adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f eP gePsf] olsg ug{ cfjZos
-%_ ljQLo ;+:yfn] u|fxssf] krxQ/ xhf/ cg'udg ug'{ kg]{5 .
?k}ofF jf ;f]eGbf sd d"Nosf] jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ubf{ -!@_ krxQ/ xhf/ ?k}oFf jf ;f]eGbf a9L
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f jf /sdsf] jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ ljQLo
hfgsf/L glng ;Sg]5 . ;+:yfn] pQm /sdsf] e'QmfgL lbFbf lxtflwsf/Lsf] ;xL
-^_ ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf klxrfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
ljj/0fx? e'QmfgL >[\vnf cGtu{tsf jf e'QmfgL lbg] -!#_ jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f dfkm{t /sd jf d"No
ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ jfo/ :yfgfGt/0fsf] e'QmfgL ;Gb]z k7fpg], dfWodsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ tyf e'QmfgL lbg]
-k]d]06 Dof;]h_ sf ;fy ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . ljQLo ;+:yfn] jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{
-&_ jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL dfWod clen]v tyf ljj/0f sf/f]af/ ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf
-OG6/ldl8o/L_ sf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ jf e'QmfgL lbg] kfFr jif{;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
g]kfnsf] s'g} ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdsf] -!$_ jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f dfkm{t /sd jf d"No
ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{ kg]{5 . k7fpg], dfWodsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ jf e'QmfgL lbg]
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] cfjZos sfuhft ljQLo ;+:yfn] kl/R5]b ^v= adf]lhdsf] JolQm, ;d"x
jf ljj/0f gePsf] kfOPdf ljQLo ;+:yfn] /sd jf ;+u7gsf] /sd tTsfn /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 / s;}n]
k7fpg] jf e'QmfgL >[\vnf cGtu{tsf] ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu sf/f]af/ ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . -!%_ jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ug]{
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd dfu u/]sf] ljj/0f ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] Ph]06sf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf]
k|fKt x'g g;s]df e'QmfgL lbg] jf dfWodsf] ?kdf sfd Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 M
ug]{ g]kfnsf] ljQLo ;:+yfn] To:tf] jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f -s_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
pkbkmf -!)_ adf]lhdsf] gLlt tyf sfo{ljlwsf s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f
cfwf/df lgnDjg, c:jLsf/ jf e'QmfgL ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;DaGwL sfo{qmd nfu" u/fpg] / ;f]sf]

-33_
33_ -34_
34_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
kfngf eP jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf ljQLo nufgL lgoGq0f k|0ffnL tyf
cg'udg ug]{, ;f]sf] kof{Kttfsf] d"Nofg ug]{,
-v_ Ph]06sf] cBfjlws ljj/0f tof/ u/L -r_ s/]:kf]l08 a}l ;DaGw sfod ug'{
;fj{hlgs ?kdf j]a;fO6df k|sfzg k"j{ cfkm\gf] Joj:yfkg x]g]{ pRr
ug]{ . clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lng],
-!^_ jfo/ :yfgfGt/0f ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}n] -5_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
yk cfjZos / pko'Qm Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f
&8= ;Ldfkf/ s/]:kf]l08 a}l ;DaGw ;DaGwL Joj:yf M ;DaGwdf cfcfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L :ki6
-!_ ljQLo ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;Ldfkf/ ?kdf yfxf kfpg],
s/]:kf]l08 a}l ;DaGw sfod ubf{ tyf sf/f]af/ ubf{ -h_ e'QmfgL lbg] vftf -k]Pan y|' Psfp06_
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] pkfo ckgfpg' kg]{5 M sf] k|of]u ug]{ u|fxssf] ;DaGwdf
-s_ /]:kf]08]06 ljQLo ;+:yfsf] klxrfg tyf /]:kf]08]06 ljQLo ;+:yfn] o; kl/R5]b
;Dk'li6 ug]{, adf]lhdsf] u|fxs klxrfg tyf ;f]sf]
;Dk'li6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf kfngf u/] jf
-v_ /]:kf]08]06 ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug]{ sfd gu/]sf], To:tf] u|fxs pk/ lgoldt
sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf kof{Kt hfgsf/L cg'udg k4ltsf] sfof{Gjog u/] jf
xfl;n ug]{, gu/]sf] tyf dfu u/]sf] avt cfkm"nfO{
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd k|fKt hfgsf/L cfjZos ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg ;Ifd
;d]tsf cfwf/df /]:kf]08]06 ljQLo /x] jf g/x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug]{,
;+:yfn] ug]{ Joj;fosf] k|s[lt k"0f{ -em_ z]n a};Fu Jofj;flos ;DaGw :yfkgf
?kdf yfxf kfpg], jf sf/f]af/ gug]{ tyf ul//x]sf] eP
-3_ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf pknAw ;"rgfsf lg/Gt/tf glbg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{,
cfwf/df /]:kf]08]06 ljQLo ;+:yfsf] /
k|lti7f, ;f] pk/ x'g] ;'k/Lj]If0fsf] -`_ /]:kf]08]06 ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} z]n
u'0f:t/ tyf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] vftf k|of]u ug{
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL cg'dlt glbg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
;DaGwL cg';Gwfg jf lgodg ;DaGwL
sf/afxLdf k/] gk/]sf] ;d]tsf -@_ ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm}+ jf u|fxssf] tkm{af6
;DaGwdf d"Nofg ug]{, ul/lbPsf] ;Ldfkf/ s/]:kf]l08 a}l ;DaGwL
Jofj;flos ;DaGw jf sf/f]af/ ubf{ pkbkmf -!_
-_ /]:kf]08]06 ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf
-35_
35_ -36_
36_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
&9= vf; sf/f]af/df ljz]if Wofg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ ;"rs -v_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd pknAw u/fPsf]
;+:yfn] b]xfosf sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf ljz]if Wofg lbg' sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf hfgsf/Lsf
kg]{5 M cfwf/df u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6
-s_ cfly{s jf sfg"gL p2]Zo :ki6 gb]lvg] x'g g;Sg] .
hl6n, 7"nf] jf c:jefljs k|j[lQsf] -@_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] ljBdfg u|fxssf ;DaGwdf
;a} sf/f]af/, pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf To:tf]
-v_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL u|fxs;Fusf] Jofj;flos ;DaGw cGTo ug'{ kg]{5 /
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f cfjZos ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ljQLo hfgsf/L
;DaGwL cGt/f{li6o dfkb08sf] kfngf OsfO{nfO{ ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 .
gug]{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf dfq kfngf ug]{ &t= ;"rs ;+:yfsf] bfloTjM -!_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
egL klxrfg ePsf] d'n'ssf] JolQm, ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ePsf] lgb]{lzsf jf lbPsf]
;+:yf jf sfg"gL k|jGw;Fusf] Jofj;flos lgb]{zgsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;"rs ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf]
;DaGw jf sf/f]af/, jf b]z, ef}uf]lns If]q, sfo{If]q, Joj;fosf] cfsf/,
-u_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbPsf] cGo u|fxs, sf/f]af/ tyf hf]lvdsf cfwf/df ;DklQ
sf/f]af/ . z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
lgjf/0f ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug'{
-@_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt kg]{5 .
sf/f]af/sf] k[i7e"ld tyf p2]Zosf] ;DaGwdf ;s];Dd
a9L k/LIf0f ug]{ / ;f]af6 k|fKt lgisif{sf] lnlvt ?kdf -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] gLlt tyf
clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 . sfo{ljlwdf b]xfosf ljifox? ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{5 M
-#_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf]
clen]v sDtLdf kfFr jif{;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 / -s_ u|fxssf] klxrfg, Jofj;flos ;DaGw,
ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{, lgodgsf/L lgsfo jf cg'udg, sf/f]af/sf] ;"rgf, clen]v
clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Ln] dfu u/]sf avt tTsfn nufotsf cGo bfloTjsf ;DaGwdf
pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . cfGtl/s gLlt, k|s[of tyf lgoGq0f
;DaGwL Joj:yf,
&0f= sf/f]af/ ug{ gx'g] M -!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] b]xfosf]
u|fxssf] vftf vf]Ng jf To:tf] u|fxs;Fu Jofj;flos -v_ lg/Gt/ cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
;DaGw sfod ug{ jf sf/f]af/ ug{ x'Fb}g M -u_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGt{ut ag]sf]
-s_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd u|fxs klxrfg lgod jf hf/L ePsf] lgb]{lzsf jf
tyf ;Dk'li6 ug{ cfjZos sfuhft, lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug{] jf u/fpg]
ljj/0f tyf hfgsf/L pknAw Joj:yf,
gu/fpg], jf
-37_
37_ -38_
38_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-3_ pRr dof{bf ePsf sd{rf/L sfod ug{ lstfa / n]vf ;DaGwL sfuhftx?
sd{rf/L egf{ nufotsf ljifodf pk/ kx'Fr k|fKt ug]{,
sfo{ljlwsf] kof{Kt Joj:yf, -v_ ;"rs ;+:yfsf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L;Fu
-_ sd{rf/LnfO{ lgoldt ?kdf tfnLd tyf s'g} ;"rgf, hfgsf/L, ljj/0f jf
k'gtf{huL ;DaGwL Joj:yf, sfuhft dfu ug]{ / k|fKt ug]{,
-r_ sfd sf/afxLsf] :jtGq ?kdf -u_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
cg'udg, lg/LIf0f, n]vfk/LIf0f u/L lgodfjnL jf hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsf
clen]v cBfjlws ug]{ k|efjsf/L jf lgb]{zgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos
Joj:yf, cGo sfo{ ug]{, /
-5_ zf:kb sf/f]af/sf] klxrfg tyf -3_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{
hfgsf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf, ug]{ .
-h_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] &y= zfvf sfof{no jf ;xfos sDkgLsf] bfloTj M -!_ Ps}
lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsf jf ;d"x cGtu{t g]kfn jf ljb]zdf ;~rflnt ;"rs
lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf] bfloTj k"/f ;+:yf jf ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no jf clwsf+z :jfldTj
ug{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsfl/tf d"Nofg ug{ /xg] u/L ;+:yf :yfkgf ug]{ ;"rs ;+:yfn] of] P]g jf
cfjZos x'g] cGo Joj:yf, / o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ePsf] lgb]{lzsf
-em_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbPsf cGo jf lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
Joj:yf . cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL
Joj:yfsf] kfngf ;d"xut ?kdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf
hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsf jf lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhdsf] :ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu clwsf+z
bfloTj lg/Gt/ ?kdf k"/f ug{ ;"rs ;+:yfn] :jfldTj eGgfn] krf; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf]
Joj:yfkg :t/sf] sfof{Gjog clwsf/L -sDKnfoG; :jfldTj ;Demg' k5{ .
clkm;/_ lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rs ;+:yfn]
-$_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo
sfof{Gjog clwsf/LnfO{ b]xfosf] sfd, st{Jo / nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljifox? ;d]t
clwsf/ tyf ;f]sf nflu cfjZos ;fwg ;|f]t pknAw ;dfj]z u/L ;d"xut gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu"
x'g] ;'lglZrt ug'{ kg]{5 M ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] l;nl;nfdf -s_ u|fxssf] klxrfg tyf ;Dk'li6 / ;DklQ
cfjZos s'g} klg clen]v, lx;fa z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf
ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
;DaGwL ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug]{,
-39_
39_ -40_
40_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-v_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbP adf]lhd sf/f]af/ ePsf] ldltn] sDtLdf kfFr jif{;Dd b'?:t
u|fxs, sf/f]af/, vftf, n]vf k/LIf0f, ?kn] Jojl:yt tyf ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 M
;d"xut kl/kfngf / ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f -s_ u|fxs tyf jf:tljs wgLsf] klxrfg
tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo tyf ;Dk'li6 ;DaGwL clen]v,
nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmd
;d]tsf] hfgsf/L ;d"xut ?kdf -v_ u|fxs, jf:tljs wgL / sf/f]af/sf
cfbfg k|bfg ug]{, / ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] ljZn]if0fsf] lgisif{
tyf k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL ;a} sfuhft,
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd cfbfg k|bfg ljj/0f tyf clen]v,
ul/Psf ;"rgfsf] k|of]u tyf
uf]kgLotfsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ kof{Kt -u_ ;"rs ;+:yfsf] n]vf tyf Jofj;flos
Joj:yf . sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf clen]v,
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf -3_ :jb]zL jf j}b]lzs ?kdf ul/Psf
kfngf ug{ ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"gsf] sf/0fn] sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt cfjZos ;a}
sl7gfO{ x'g] ePdf Ps} ;d"x cGtu{t ;~rflnt ;"rs sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf clen]v,
;+:yf jf ljb]zdf zfvf sfof{no jf clwsf+z :jfldTj -_ sf/f]af/ ug{ u/]sf] k|of;sf] sfuhft,
/xg] u/L ;+:yf :yfkgf ug]{ ;"rs ;+:yfn] lgodgsf/L ljj/0f tyf clen]v, /
lgsfonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf ;+:yfn] ;DklQ -r_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]lslbP
z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL adf]lhdsf cGo sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf
;DaGwL hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ug{ cltl/Qm pkfo clen]v .
ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cjnDjg ul/Psf] tfklg ;"rs ;+:yfn] tf]lsPsf sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf
cltl/Qm pkfox? ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL clen]v kfFr jif{eGbf 36L gx'g] u/L tf]lsPsf] yk
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL hf]lvd Joj:yfkg cjlw;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
ug{ kof{Kt gx'g] b]v]df ljb]zdf vf]n]sf] zfvf
sfof{no jf clwsf+z :jfldTj /xg] u/L :yfkgf u/]sf] -#_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd
;+:yfnfO{ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] bkmf &km= adf]lhdsf] sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf clen]v /fVbf k|To]s sf/f]af/
sf/afxL ug{ jf To:tf] zfvf jf ;+:yf aGb u/fpg :ki6 b]lvg] / sfg"gL sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf k|df0fsf]
;Sg]5 . ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
&b= clen]v ;'/lIft /fVg' kg{] M -!_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] b]xfo -$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /flvPsf sfuhft,
adf]lhdsf sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf clen]v Jofj;flos ljj/0f tyf clen]v clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] dfu
;DaGw ;dfKt ePsf] jf sf/f]af/ ePsf] jf cfsl:ds u/]sf avt tTsfn} pknAw x'g ;Sg] u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .

-41_
41_ -42_
42_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-%_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL &= d"n P]gdf kl/R5]b #s= yk M d"n P]gsf] kl/R5]b # kl5
k|ltj]bg kfFr jif{;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 . b]xfosf] kl/R5]b #s= ylkPsf]5 M
-^_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] sfuhft, ljj/0f tyf kl/R5]b #s=
clen]v ;'/lIft /fVg] ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP ;"rs ;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
&g= ;"rs ;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f M -!_ o; P]g
&w= zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ ;"rs adf]lhd ;"rs ;+:yfn] sfd sf/afxL u/] jf gu/]sf]
;+:yfn] u|fxs, sf/f]af/ jf ;DklQsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf] ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt lgodgsf/L
cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf tLg lbgleq oyf;So rfF8f] lgsfoaf6 lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f x'g]5 .
ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{nfO{ zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL
k|ltj]bg lbg' kg]{5 M -@_ s'g} ;"rs ;+:yfsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfosf]
;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf s'g} Joj:yf /x]g5 eg]
-s_ s'g} ;DklQ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf To:tf] ;"rs ;+:yfsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] ?kdf sfo{
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6o ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df
;DaGwL s;"/ jf cGo s;"/;Fu g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L s'g} lgsfo jf
;DalGwt ePsf] zf nfu]df jf zf lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf] s'g} ;+:yfnfO{ tf]Sg
ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf, jf ;Sg]5 .
-v_ s'g} ;DklQ cftsf/L sfo{, cftsf/L -#_ ;"rs ;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{
JolQm jf cftsf/L ;7g jf ;DaGwdf lgodgsf/L lgsfon] k|rlnt sfg"gdf
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo plNnlvt sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf cltl/Qm o; P]g
nufgL;Fu ;DalGwt jf hf]l8Psf] jf adf]lhdsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] ;d]t kfngf /
To:tf] sfo{df jf To:tf] JolQm jf k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
;7gaf6 k|of]u x'g ;Sg] zf nfu]df
jf zf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ &k= lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
ePdf . -!_ o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgodgsf/L lgsfosf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-@_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf]
zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg u|fxsn] s'g} -s_ cfjlws ?kdf jf cfjZostf cg';f/
sf/f]af/ ug]{ k|of; dfq u/]df ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 . cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q tyf cfkm"n] lgodg
;'k/Lj]If0f ug'{ kg]{ ;"rs ;+:yfsf]
-#_ zf:kb sf/f]af/ klxrfg ug]{ yk cfwf/, hf]lvdsf] klxrfg, d"Nofg tyf
zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf, k4lt tyf cg'dudg ug]{ tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
sfo{ljlw ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] tf]lslbP adf]lhd ug{ kof{Kt tyf k|efjsf/L pkfo
x'g]5 . cjnDjg ug]{,

-43_
43_ -44_
44_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-v_ cfkm"n] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug'{ kg]{ ;"rs s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f
;+:yfnfO{ cfjlws ?kdf jf ;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] kl/kfngf u/fpg],
cfjZostf cg';f/ hf]lvdsf] klxrfg, -5_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
d"Nofg, cg'dudg tyf hf]lvd lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsf jf
Joj:yfkg ug{ kof{Kt tyf k|efjsf/L lbOPsf] lgb]{zg jf cfb]zsf] Joj:yf
pkfo cjnDjg u/fpg], kfngf eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf ;"rs
-u_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] ;+:yfsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ :ynut
lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsf jf lg/LIf0f -cg;fO6 OG:k]S;g_,
lbOPsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug{{] jf u}/:ynut ;'k/Lj]If0f -ckm;fO6
u/fpg], ;'k/lehg_ jf cg'udg ug]{,
-3_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] ug]{ s'g} Joj;fo jf -h_ ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ kl/R5]b # adf]lhdsf]
k]zf btf{ ubf{ jf Joj;fosf] nflu bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
cg'dltkq jf Ohfhtkq lbFbf k]zf jf lgb]{zg hf/L u/L cfjZos yk pkfo
Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{] JolQmn] o; P]g lgwf{/0f ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg],
adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/afxL tyf bfloTj -em_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
k"/f ug{' kg{] zt{ tf]Sg], s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f
-_ ;"rs ;+:yf btf{ ubf{ jf Joj;fosf] ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6o dfkb08 kfngf
nflu cg'dltkq jf Ohfhtkq lbFbf / gug]{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf dfq kfngf ug]{
To:tf] ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfkgf, :yfkgf, egL cGt/f{li6o ?kdf klxrfg ePsf]
;~rfng, Joj:yfkg jf sfd d'n'ssf] u|fxs jf lgh;Fusf]
sf/afxLdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf sf/f]af/sf ;DaGwdf ;"rs
:jfldTj x'g], lgoGq0f ug]{ jf ;xefuL ;+:yfn] u/]sf] hf]lvd d"Nofg / a[xt\
x'g] jf ;f]sf] jf:tljs wgL jf u|fxs klxrfgsf] lj:t[t cg'udg ug]{,
lxtflwsf/L JolQmsf] ljQLo nufot
cGo of]Uotfsf] pko'Qmtf dfkg -`_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] of] P]g jf o; P]g
;DaGwL dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug]{ jf cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf]
u/fpg], lgb]{lzsf jf lbOPsf] lgb]{zg
adf]lhdsf] bfloTj kl/kfngf u/fpg
-r_ ;"rs ;+:yfsf] Joj;fout ;'k/Lj]If0f ;"rs ;+:yfdf /x]sf] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf]
-k|'8]lG;on ;'k/lehg_ ;DaGwL ;"rgf, hfgsf/L tyf sfuhft pknAw
cfwf/e"t dfGotfdf cGt/lglxt u/fpg cfb]z lbg],
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL

-45_
45_ -46_
46_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-6_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL sfo{df -$_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] cGo d'n'ssf] ;dfg
cfjZos ;xof]u k'ofpg], k|s[ltsf] sfd ug]{ lgsfo;Fu ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
-7_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f, cftjfbL cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL lgjf/0f ug]{
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL ;DaGwdf lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
s;"/ jf cGo s'g} s;"/sf] zf nfu]sf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L nufotsf cGo ljifodf cfk;L
jf zf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ug{
;"rs ;+:yfn] bkmf &w= adf]lhd ;Sg]5 .
zf:kb sf/f]af/ klxrfg, d"Nofg, -%_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg
k|ltj]bg lbg] Joj:yf u/L ;f]sf] ug]{ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/] gu/]sf] &km= ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g jf o;
ljz]if d"Nofg ug]{, P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsf jf
-8_ zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg k]z bkmf &k= sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lbPsf] cfb]z jf
gu/]sf] b]lvPdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ljQLo lgb]{zg jf hf/L u/]sf] dfkb08 kfngf gug]{ ;"rs
hfgsf/L OsfO{nfO{ lbg], ;+:yfnfO{ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s'g}
-9_ ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf jf ;a} sf/afxL tyf ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL -s_ lnlvt ?kdf ;r]t u/fpg],
lgjf/0f ;DaGwdf tfnLdsf] Joj:yf -v_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
ug]{ jf u/fpg], / lgod jf hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{lzsf jf
-0f_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{ ug]{ . lbPsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] pNng
-@_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfk u/]df ;f]sf] ufDeLo{sf cfwf/df
lgjf/0f ug{ / ;f];Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6o dfkb08 Sofl;gf] Joj;foL tyf ljQLo
adf]lhd sfo{ ug{ jf u/fpg lgodgsf/L lgsfon] ;+:yfnfO{ bz nfvb]lv kfFr s/f]8
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z jf lgb]{zg ?k}ofF;Dd / cGo ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ Ps
hf/L ug{ jf dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" u/fpg ;Sg]5 . nfvb]lv Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf
ug]{,
-#_ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug]{
lgodgsf/L lgsfon] Ps} ;d"x cGtu{t /xL Ps} jf -u_ sf/f]af/, k]zf jf Joj;fo ug{ cf+lzs
km/s km/s k|s[ltsf] Joj;fo ug]{ ;"rs ;+:yfsf] jf k"0f{ ?kdf /f]s nufpg],
:jb]zL jf ljb]zL lgodgsf/L lgsfo;Fu ldn]/ ;+o'Qm -3_ cg'dltkq, Ohfhtkq jf btf{ lgnDag
?kdf lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ jf To:tf ;"rs ug]{, jf
;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f ;DaGwL ;"rgf tyf -_ cg'dltkq, Ohfhtkq jf btf{ vf/]h
hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . ug]{ .
-47_
47_ -48_
48_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-@_ ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t -3#_ ;lrj, clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsf jf lbPsf] ;b:o
lgb]{zg jf cfb]zsf] pNngsf ;DaGwdf ;hfo ug{ -@_ v08 -!_ kl5 b]xfosf] v08 -r_ ylkPsf] 5 M
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ;hfo kof{Kt gx'g] b]lvPdf
lgodgsf/L lgsfon] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] -r_ k|d'v, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f cg';Gwfg ljefu
pko'Qm ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;b:o
-#_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ (= d"n P]gsf] bkmf *s= df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf *s= sf],
pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ;hfo ubf{ To:tf] ;hfo -!_ v08 -s_ kl5 b]xfosf] v08 -s!_ ylkPsf] 5 M
k|efjsf/L, cg'kflts tyf lg/f]wfTds x'g] u/L ug'{ -s!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf
kg]{5 . ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL /fli6o tyf If]qut
-$_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ o; hf]lvd d"Nofg ;DaGwL sfo{sf] ;xhLs/0f
bkmf adf]lhd sf/afxL jf ;hfo u/]df / To:tf] ;hfo tyf ;dGjo ug]{ / hf]lvd Joj:yfkg tyf
;"rs ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] sfd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos gLltut tyf cGo
sf/afxLsf] sf/0fn] ePsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] kbflwsf/L pko'Qm Joj:yf ug{] jf u/fpg],
jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;"rs ;+:yfn] k|rlnt sfg"g tyf -@_ v08 -_ sf] ;f b]xfosf] v08 -_ /flvPsf]5 M
To:tf] ;"rs ;+:yfsf] sfg"g adf]lhd cfjZos
sf/afxL ug{' kg]{5 . -_ ;Da4 lgsfo, lgodgsf/L lgsfo tyf ljQLo
hfgsf/L OsfO{n] cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf sfd
-%_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] o; bkmf adf]lhd sf/afxL ;DaGwL jflif{s k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf
;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ sf/afxL tyf ;hfo ubf{ ;DalGwt 5nkmn u/L cfjZos ;dGjo ug]{,
;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf
lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf s;"/ eGg] zAbsf] ;f ;DklQ
z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
-^_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DaGwL s;"/ eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ .
u/]sf] sf/afxL jf ;hfodf lrQ ga'em\g] ;"rs ;+:yfn]
k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfnt ;dIf !)= d"n P]gsf] bkmf ( df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf ( sf],
k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . -!_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;f b]xfosf] pkbkmf -!_ /flvPsf] 5
*= d"n P]gsf] bkmf * df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf * sf] pkbkmf M
-!_ df /x]sf s;"/ lgjf/0f eGg] zAbx?sf] ;f ;DklQ -!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f, cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf
z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL ljQLo nufgL tyf ;Da4 s;"/ ;DaGwL zf:kb
s;"/ lgjf/0f eGg] zAbx? /fvL ;f]xL pkbkmfsf], sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg tyf ;f] ;DaGwL cGo ;"rgf
-!_ v08 -3@_ kl5 b]xfosf] v08 -3#_ ylkPsf] 5 M k|fKt ug{, ;f]sf] ljZn]if0f ug{ tyf ljZn]if0fsf] lgisif{

-49_
49_ -50_
50_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
k|jfx ug{ sfof{Tds ?kn] :jfoQ tyf :jtGq OsfO{sf] -3_ o; P]g adf]lhd cGo ;"rgf, sfuhft
?kdf /fi6 a}df Ps ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{{ /xg]5 . tyf ljj/0f k|fKt ug]{,
-@_ pkbkmf -#_ kl5 b]xfosf pkbkmf -$_, -%_ / -^_ -_ zf:kb sf/f]af/ k|ltj]bg nufot o;
ylkPsf 5g\ M P]g adf]lhd k|fKt cGo k|ltj]bg tyf
-$_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] cg'/f]w u/]df hfgsf/Lsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{,
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfn] ljQLo -r_ v08 -_ adf]lhd ljZn]if0f ubf{
hfgsf/L OsfO{df sfd ug]{ u/L cfkm\gf] sd{rf/L ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
pknAw u/fOlbg ;Sg]5 . s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
-%_ /fi6 a}n] ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{nfO{ 5'} s;"/ jf cGo s;"/ ;DaGwL zf
ah]6 pknAw u/fpg]5 . nfu]df ljZn]if0fsf] lgisif{ cfkm}+ jf
;DalGwt lgsfosf] cg'/f]wdf ljefu
-^_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{sf] k|d'v tyf jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s;"/sf]
sd{rf/Lsf] Go"gtd of]Uotf, ;7g ;+/rgf, b/aGbL, cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ lgsfodf
;?jf jf kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf tyf cGo ;fwg ;|f]t k|jfx ug]{,
pknAw u/fpg] nufotsf Joj:yf /fi6 a}sf]
ljlgoddf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -5_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbg] bfloTj
ePsf ;"rs ;+:yf, ;Da4 lgsfo,
!!= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !) df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !) sf] ;f lgodgsf/L lgsfo tyf cfkm\gf
b]xfosf] bkmf !) /flvPsf] 5 M sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/
!)= ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ tfnLdsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
o; P]gdf cGoq n]lvPsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] -h_ zf:kb sf/f]af/sf] klxrfg, zf:kb
cltl/Qm ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{{sf] sfd, st{Jo / sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg tyf
clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M hfgsf/L ;d]tsf ;DaGwdf ;"rs
-s_ o; P]g adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;Ldf ;+:yf jf ;Da4 lgsfonfO{ cfjZos
jf ;f] eGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/sf] ljj/0f k[i7kf]if0f tyf dfu{bz{g ug]{,
k|fKt ug]{, -em_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
-v_ o; P]g adf]lhd zf:kb sf/f]af/ s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
;DaGwL k|ltj]bg k|fKt ug]{, s;"/sf] k|sf/, s;"/ ug]{ k|ljlw, k4lt
-u_ o; P]g adf]lhd d'b|f tyf wf/s tyf k|j[lQ ;d]tsf ljj/0f ;+nUg u/L
ljlgd]o clwsf/kq ;DaGwL ljj/0f cfkm\gf] sfd sf/afxL ;DaGwL jflif{s
k|fKt ug]{, k|ltj]bg /fi6 a} dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/
;dIf k]z ug]{,
-51_
51_ -52_
52_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-`_ zf:kb sf/f]af/ klxrfg, d"Nofg, -^_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] sfd, st{Jo /
k|ltj]bg k|0ffnL tyf ;f]sf] clwsf/ k"/f ug]{ qmddf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] b]xfo
k|efjsfl/tfsf ;DaGwdf lgodgsf/L adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 M
lgsfonfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;"rs -s_ ;"rs ;+:yfaf6 cfjZos yk sfuhft,
;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ jf clen]v, ljj/0f, ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L
lg/LIf0f ;'k/Lj]If0fsf] k|ltj]bg cWoog dfu ug]{ tyf k|fKt ug]{, jf
u/L k[i7kf]if0f lbg],
-v_ s'g} Jofj;flos tYof jf ;Da4
-6_ ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd ug]{ ljb]zL lgsfo, lgodgsf/L lgsfo, ;fj{hlgs
lgsfo;Fu kf/:kfl/stfsf] cfwf/df ;+:yfdf /x]sf] k|zf;lgs, ljQLo jf
;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ;DaGwL sfg"g sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ;"rgf,
;dembf/L sfod ug]{, / sfuhft jf ljj/0fdf kx'Fr k|fKt ug]{
-7_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ . / To:tf] ;"rgf, sfuhft jf ljj/0f
-@_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] ;dfg k|s[ltsf] dfu ug]{ tyf k|fKt ug]{ .
sfd ug]{ s'g} d'n'ssf] lgsfo;Fu cfjZos ;"rgf jf -&_ zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg glbg]
;xof]u dfu ug{ jf cfkm}+ jf s'g} d'n'ssf] ;dfg jf o; P]g adf]lhd lbPsf] cfb]z tyf tf]lslbPsf] zt{
k|s[ltsf] sfd ug]{ lgsfosf] cg'/f]wdf ;"rgf lbg jf kfngf gug]{ jf k]z ug{ cfb]z lbPsf] sfuhft jf
cGo ;xof]u k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . hfgsf/L pknAw gu/fpg] ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ ljQLo
-#_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] pkbkmf -@_ hfgsf/L OsfO{n] uDeL/tfsf cfwf/df bznfv
adf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt ;xof]u tyf ;"rgfsf] k|of]u k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
ubf{ To:tf] ;"rgf jf ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ lgsfon] -*_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] pkbkmf -&_
tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf zt{x? kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 . adf]lhd ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ hl/jfgf ubf{ ;DalGwt ;"rs
-$_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] pkbkmf -@_ ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ dgfl;a df}sf lbg'
adf]lhd s'g} d'n'ssf] ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd ug]{ kg]{5 .
lgsfonfO{ ;"rgf tyf ;xof]u k|bfg ubf{ To:tf] ;"rgf -(_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] pkbkmf -&_
jf ;xof]usf] k|of]usf] ;DaGwdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf adf]lhd u/]sf] hl/jfgfdf lrQ ga'em\g] ;"rs ;+:yfn]
zt{x? ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfnt ;dIf
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
ug]{ s'g} d'n'ssf] lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ;"rgfsf] ;DaGwdf -!)_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] s'g} ;"rs
;d]t bkmf !)v= adf]lhdsf] uf]kgLotf ;DaGwL ;+:yfnfO{ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd hl/jfgf u/]df ;ft
Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 . lbgleq ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lgodgsf/L lgsfonfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-53_
53_ -54_
54_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
!@= d"n P]gdf bkmf !)s= / !)v= yk M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !) kl5 k|jfx, ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfo{ ug]{ ljb]zL lgsfo;Fu
b]xfosf bkmf !)s= / !)v= ylkPsf 5g\ M cfbfg k|bfg ug]{, ;f] pk/ kx'Fr sfod ug]{ tyf To:tf
!)s= sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] ;"rgf, sfuhft jf ljj/0f uf]Ko, ;'/lIft / Jojl:yt
Psd'i6 jf k6s k6s u/L /fi6 a}n] tf]s]sf] /fVg] dfWod ljsf; tyf k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfjZos
cjlwleq ;f]xL a}n] tf]lslbPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 .
/sdsf] sf/f]af/ u/]df ;"rs ;+:yf tyf ;/sf/L -$_ o; P]g adf]lhd ;"rs ;+:yf tyf cGo
lgsfon] To:tf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ;Da4 lgsfon] ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{nfO{ lbg' kg]{
ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{nfO{ ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|ltj]bg, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/Lsf] 9fFrf, dfWod, ;do
pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . tyf sfo{ljlw ;DaGwdf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n]
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;/sf/L cfjZos lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
lgsfo eGgfn] dfnkf]t sfof{no, sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf]
sfof{no tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cGo ;/sf/L lgb]{lzsf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{sf] j]a;fO6df ;d]t
lgsfo ;Demg' k5{ . k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L pknAw !#= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !! df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !! sf]
u/fpg] k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf, k4lt tyf sfo{ljlw ljQLo pkbkmf -$_ sf] ;f b]xfosf] pkbkmf -$_ /flvPsf] 5 M
hfgsf/L OsfO{n] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -$_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljefunfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ljz]if1
!)v= ;"rgfsf] uf]kgLotf sfod ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ljQLo sd{rf/L ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfaf6 dfu u/L
hfgsf/L OsfO{df k|fKt bkmf !)s= adf]lhdsf] sf/f]af/ pknAw u/fO lbg ;Sg]5 .
;DaGwL k|ltj]bg, zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg !$= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !@ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !@ sf] ;f
tyf ;"rgf, sfuhft, ljj/0f uf]Ko /xg] 5g\ / To:tf] b]xfosf] bkmf !@ /flvPsf] 5 M
;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt lgisif{ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg
ubf{ ;"rgfsf] ;|f]t -OG6]lnh]G;_ jf ;f] lgisif{ k|jfx !@= cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_
ubf{ tf]lslbPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 . s'g} d'n'ssf] ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd ug]{ lgsfon] dfu
u/]df jf ljefu cfkm}+n] cfjZos 7fg]df
-@_ o; P]gdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df jf cbfntn] kf/:kfl/stfsf cfwf/df ljefun] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
cfb]z lbPsf]df afx]s ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{df axfn tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
/x]sf] jf axfn 6'6]sf] s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL ;"rgf
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf yfxf kfPsf] hfgsf/L cfkm" ljQLo cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
hfgsf/L OsfO{df g/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t uf]Ko /fVg'
kg]{5 . -@_ ljefun] cfjZos 7fg]df s'g} d'n'ssf]
;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd ug]{ lgsfo;Fu ldn]/ ;DklQ
-#_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] o; P]g adf]lhd z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
k|fKt ;"rgf, sfuhft, ljj/0f ;f]sf] k|of]u, ljZn]if0f,
-55_
55_ -56_
56_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
;DaGwL s;"/sf] ;+o'Qm ?kdf cg';Gwfg ug{ jf u/fpg ljefusf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ s'g} Joxf]/fn] yfxf x'g
;Sg]5 . cfPdf To:tf] Joxf]/fnfO{ ph"/Lsf] ?kdf btf{ ug'{
-#_ ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] kg]{5 .
;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ug{] ljlw, zt{ tyf k|s[of lgwf{/0f -$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf]
ug{ ;dfg k|s[ltsf sfd ug]{ ljb]zL lgsfo;Fu ph'/Lsf] cf}lrTotf x]/L ph'/L ;gfvt u/fpg' kg]{
cfjZostf cg';f/ cfk;L ;dembf/L sfod ug{ b]lvPdf ;DjlGwt ph'/Lstf{nfO{ lemsfO{ ;gfvt
;Sg]5 . u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;gfvt ug]{ JolQmn]
ug]{ s'g} d'n'ssf] lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ;"rgfsf] ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] gfd, 7]ufgf uf]Ko /fVg rfx]df lghsf] gfd,
;d]t bkmf @^ adf]lhdsf] uf]Kotf e ug{ gx'g] 7]ufgf uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{5 .
;DaGwL Joj:yf ;dfg ?kn] nfu"x'g]5 . !^= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !$ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !$ sf] ;f
-%_ cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg b]xfosf] bkmf !$ /flvPsf] 5 M
;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 . !$= k|f/lDes hfFra'em ug]{ M -!_ bkmf !# adf]lhd ph"/L
!%= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !# df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !# sf], jf bkmf !) adf]lhd ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{af6
-!_ pkbkmf -!_ df /x]sf o; P]g cGtu{t s;"/ dflgg] ljZn]if0fsf] lgisif{ ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf
s'g} sfd sf/afxL eGg] zAbx?sf] ;f ;DklQ ljefusf] k|d'vn] To:tf] ph"/L jf ;"rgfsf ;DaGwdf
z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL k|f/lDes hfFra'em ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 .
;DaGwL s;"/ eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|f/lDes hfFra'em
-@_ pkbkmf -@_ df b]xfosf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z ylkPsf] u/fpg ljefusf] k|d'vn] To:tf] ph"/L jf hfgsf/Lsf]
5 M k|s[lt x]/L pko'Qm ;do lbO{ dftxtsf] s'g}
clws[tnfO{ v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ cfkm\gf] gfd, 7]ufgf uf]Ko /fVg] u/L s;}n]
ph"/L lbPsf]df ph"/L btf{ ubf{ ph"/Lstf{sf] gfd -#_ k|f/lDes hfFra'em ubf{ hfFra'em clws[tn]
7]ufgfsf] ;f ljefusf] k|d'vn] tf]lslbP adf]lhdsf] o; P]g cGtu{t cg';Gwfg clws[tnfO{ eP ;/xsf]
;+]t /fvL To:tf] ph"/L btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ kl5 b]xfosf pkbkmf -#_, -$_ / -%_ !&= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !% df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !% sf] ;f
ylkPsf 5g\ M b]xfosf] bkmf !% /flvPsf] 5 M
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f !%= cg';Gwfg clws[t lgo'Qm ug]{ jf tf]Sg] M -!_ bkmf !$
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;}n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf adf]lhd ul/Psf] k|f/lDes hfFra'emaf6 ;DklQ
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
u/]sf], ug{ nfu]sf] jf ul//x]sf] s'/f ljefu jf ;DaGwL s;"/ ePsf] jf x'g ;Sg] dgfl;a cfwf/ eO{
-57_
57_ -58_
58_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
cg';Gwfg sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{ b]v]df ljefusf] !*= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !^ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !^ sf] ;f
k|d'v cfkm}+n] cg';Gwfg ug{ jf cfjZostf cg';f/ b]xfosf] bkmf !^ /flvPsf]5 M
ljefusf] s'g} clws[t sd{rf/L, cGo ;/sf/L clws[t !^= cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_
sd{rf/L jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] s'g} clws[t ljefusf] k|d'vsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg / lgoGq0fdf /xL
sd{rf/LnfO{ cg';Gwfg clws[t lgo'Qm ug{ jf tf]Sg o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf nflu cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] sfd,
;Sg]5 . st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cGo ;/sf/L lgsfo -s_ s'g} ;/sf/L lgsfo, lgodgsf/L
jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ cg';Gwfg lgsfo, ;"rs ;+:yf jf ;DalGwt
clws[t lgo'Qm ug'{ jf tf]Sg' cl3 ljefusf] k|d'vn] JolQm;Fu /x]sf] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
;DalGwt lgsfo jf ;+:yfsf] k|d'v;Fu k/fdz{ ug'{ cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
kg]{5 . ;DaGwL s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt sfuhft,
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP clen]v, ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L
tfklg ljefusf] k|d'vn] s'g} s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ k]z ug{ cfb]z lbg],
s'g} cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfo pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df pQm -v_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L To:tf] lgsfonfO{ g} s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} sfuhft,
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] lnvt, bzL, k|df0f jf s;"/;Fu
eP tfklg s;"/sf] k|s[ltsf cfwf/df b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf ;DalGwt ;fwg /x] ePsf] b]lvPdf jf
a9L lgsfo jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf
s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ug'{ kg]{ b]v]df ljefusf] k|d'vn] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbO{ s'g}
;DalGwt lgsfo jf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] k|d'v;Fu ;/sf/L lgsfo, lgodgsf/L lgsfo,
k/fdz{ u/L ;+o'Qm cg';Gwfg 6f]nL u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;"rs ;+:yf, JolQm jf cGo h'g;'s}
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg ug{] lgsfo :yfgsf] vfgtnf;L lng] tyf ;DalGwt
jf pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ul7t ;+o'Qm cg';Gwfg JolQm jf kbflwsf/LnfO{ e/kfO lbO{
6f]nLn] cg'';Gwfg ubf{ o; P]g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg To:tf] sfuhft, lnvt, bzL, k|df0f jf
clws[tnfO{ k|fKt ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 . s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg jf s;"/af6
k|fKt ;DklQ a/fdb u/L lgoGq0fdf
-^_ cg';Gwfg clws[tn] cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL lng],
sfd k|f/De ug'{ cufj} tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
zky u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -u_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
-&_ ;+o'Qm cg';Gwfg 6f]nL ;DaGwL cGo s;"/ u/]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] jf s;"/df
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 . ;+nUg ePsf] jf ;f]sf] z+sf ug'{ kg]{
-59_
59_ -60_
60_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] JolQm km/f/ x'g] -@_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
jf s'g} k|df0f nf]k jf gfz ug{ ;Sg] s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf]
jf cg';Gwfgsf] sf/afxLdf afwf cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf lbPsf] cfb]z kfngf gug]{
cj/f]w ug]{ jf k|lts"n k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] JolQmnfO{ cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df
dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf lghnfO{ kqmfp ljefusf] k|d'vn] kfFr nfv ?k}Fof;Dd hl/jfgf ug{
u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd y'gfdf ;Sg]5 .
/fVg], -#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
-3_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL tfklg s;}n] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ ug{ d2t
s;"/sf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L ePsf] jf ug]{ p2]Zon] ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg bkmf !*
x'g ;Sg] dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] adf]lhd hf/L u/]sf] cfb]z kfngf gu/]sf] b]lvPdf
JolQm;Fu hfgsf/L, aofg jf tltDaf To:tf] JolQm lj?4 ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
aofg lng], s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/df cg';Gwfg
-_ v08 -3_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L, aofg jf ug{ tyf d'2f rnfpg afwf kg]{ 5}g .
tltDaf aofg lnFbf To:tf] JolQm;Fu !(= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !& df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !& sf],
yk hfgsf/L lng' kg]{ b]lvPdf vf]h]sf -!_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf] ;f b]xfosf pkbkmf -!_ / -@_
avt xflh/ x'g] u/L sfuh u/fO{ /flvPsf 5g\ M
5f8\g] jf hdfgt dfu ug{] / hdfgt
glbPdf d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf] cg'dlt -!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
lnO{ y'gfdf /fVg], s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf] cf/f]k
nfu]sf] jf s;"/df ;+nUg ePsf] jf ;f]sf] z+sf ug'{ kg]{
-r_ bkmf !* adf]lhd s;"/af6 k|fKt dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVbf k|rlnt
;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg sfg"g adf]lhd y'g'jf k'hL{ lbg' kg]{5 .
/f]Ssf /fVg jf lgoGq0fdf lng To:tf]
;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] k"0f{ tyf k|efjsf/L -@_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
klxrfg ug]{, kQf nufpg] tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf]
d"Nofg ug]{, cg';Gwfgsf] nflu y'gfdf /fVbf af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
rf}aL; 306fleq cg';Gwfg clws[tn] d'2f x]g]{
-5_ ljb]zL ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{;Fu s'g} clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ To:tf] clwsf/Lsf]
;"rgf x'g ;Sg] nfu]df ljQLo cg'dlt lnO{ y'gfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
hfgsf/L OsfO{df n]vL k7fpg], /
-@_ pkbkmf -#_ df /x]sf] ljefun] eGg] zAbsf] ;f
-h_ tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ . cg';Gwfg clws[tn] eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ .

-61_
61_ -62_
62_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-#_ pkbkmf -%_ kl5 b]xfosf] -_ cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
pkbkmf -^_ ylkPsf]5 M ;DaGwL s;"/ ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf]] jf
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd cg';Gwfg clws[tn] k|of]u ug{ vf]lhPsf] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt
s;}nfO{ kqmfp ug'{ kbf{, y'gfdf /fVg' kbf{ jf Dofb yk ;fwg .
ug{ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpFbf ;f] ug'{ -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ;DklQ jf ;fwg
cufj} ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ljefusf] k|d'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . n'sfPsf], pkef]u u/]sf], lgM;u{ u/]sf] jf cGo s'g}
t/ s'g} JolQmnfO{ tTsfn kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ sf/0fn] /f]Ssf /fVg jf lgoGq0fdf lng g;lsg] ePdf
ePdf cg';Gwfg clws[tn] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ tTsfn cg';Gwfg clws[tn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
kqmfp u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L oyfzL3| ljefusf] k|d'vnfO{ s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf] zf
lbg' kg]{]5 . nfu]sf] JolQmsf] ;f]xL d"No a/fa/ x'g ;Sg] cGo
;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg' jf lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{5 .
@)= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !* df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] ;f
b]xfosf] bkmf !* /flvPsf] 5 M -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf
;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg] jf lgoGq0fdf lng] ;DaGwdf
!*= /f]Ssf /fVg] jf lgoGq0fdf lng] M -!_ cg';Gwfg cg';Gwfg clws[tn] b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 M
clws[tn] cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf b]xfosf] ;DklQ jf
;fwg / ;f];Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] zf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a -s_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg cfkm}n]
cfwf/ ePsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg hf] ;'s}sf] gfd, ef]u, lgoGq0fdf lng] jf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L
:jfldTj jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lxt /x] ePsf] eP lgsfo dfkm{t lgoGq0fdf lng cfb]z
tfklg /f]Ssf /fVg jf lgoGq0fdf lng ;Sg]5 M hf/L ug]{, jf
-s_ z'4Ls/0f ul/Psf] ;DklQ, -v_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;DalGwt
JolQmnfO{ s'g} ;"rgf glbO{ PstkmL{
-v_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ;DaGwL s;"/ ug{ ?kdf /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z hf/L u/L
k|of]u ul/Psf] jf k|of]u ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ n]lv k7fpg] .
s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg,
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
-u_ cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL tfklg cg';Gwfg clws[tn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
;DaGwL s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ, cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf]
-3_ cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf pkl:yt x'g lbPsf] ;"rgf
nufgLsf] nflu jf cftsf/L sfo{ jf adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq jf bkmf $) adf]lhd tfd]n
cftsf/L JolQm, cftsf/L ;7gn] ePsf] Dofbleq pkl:yt gx'g] JolQmsf] ;DklQ lgh
k|of]u u/]sf] jf k|of]u ug{ 5'6\ofOPsf] cg';Gwfg clws[t ;dIf pkl:yt geP;Ddsf] nflu
jf k|of]u ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;DklQ jf /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
sf]if, jf
-63_
63_ -64_
64_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -v_ jf pkbkmf -$_ -s_ lgj]bs ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f jf cftjfbL
adf]lhd s'g} ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg n]vL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
k7fPsf]df To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lhDdf lng] jf s'g} s;"/df ;+nUg ePsf] gb]lvPdf,
lgoGq0fdf /fVg] JolQm, lgsfo jf ;+:yfn] ;f] ;DklQ -v_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;DklQ
jf ;fwg s;}n] x:tfGt/0f ug{, lwtf] jf aGws lbg, z'4Ls/0f jf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf
laqmL jf ljt/0f ug{ jf cGo s'g} sf/f]af/ ug{ jf cGo ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s'g} s;"/af6
nfe lng gkfpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . k|fKt ;DklQ jf ;fwg ePsf] jf To:tf]
-^_ cg';Gwfg clws[tn] pkbkmf -#_ jf zf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ gePdf, /
-$_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg' jf -u_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lgj]bsn]
lgoGq0fdf lng' cufj} ljefusf] k|d'vnfO{ hfgsf/L u/]sf] cGo s'g} s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt
lbg' kg]{5 . ePsf] gb]lvPdf .
t/ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;DklQ jf -!)_ s;}n] bkmf #$ adf]lhd hkmt x'g ;Sg]
;fwg tTsfn /f]Ssf /fVg' jf lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{ ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] hkmtdf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L
ePdf To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg tTsfn /f]Ssf /fVg] s'g} s/f/Lo jf cGo bfloTj l;h{gf ug{ vf]h]sf]
cfb]z hf/L u/L jf lgoGq0fdf lnO{ oyfzL3| ;f]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf] sfo{ /f]Sg jf ul/;s]sf] eP To:tf]
hfgsf/L ljefusf] k|d'vnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . sfo{ ab/ u/fpg cg';Gwfg clws[tnfO{ cfjZos
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf sf/afxL rnfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
/fv]df jf lgoGq0fdf lnPdf cg';Gwfg clws[tn] tLg -!!_ cg';Gwfg clws[tn] o; bkmf adf]lhd
lbgleq ;f]sf] lnlvt hfgsf/L ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ;DklQ jf ;fwg lgoGq0fdf lnPdf jf /f]Ssf /fv]df ;f]
lbg' kg]{5 . u/]sf]] ldltn] ;ftlbg leq ;f] s'/fsf] k|ltj]bg d'2f x]g]{
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf clwsf/L ;dIf lbg' kg]{5 .
/fv]sf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] ljifodf lrQ ga'em]df -!@_ pkbkmf -!!_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt
;DalGwt JolQmn] bkmf @@ sf] pkbkmf ePdf d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos /
-@_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cbfnt ;dIf /f]Ssf ePsf] pko'Qm cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
;DklQ jf ;fwg km's'jf ug{ lgj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df / /fVg] jf lgoGq0fdf lng] ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP
pkbkmf -!_ jf -$_ adf]lhd lgoGq0f jf /f]Ssf /x]sf] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;DklQ jf ;fwg lgj]bssf] ;DklQ ePsf] b]lvPdf tyf
b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf cbfntn] /f]Ssf /fv]sf] @!= d"n P]gsf] bkmf !( df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf !( sf] ;f
jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg km's'jf ul/lbg b]xfosf] bkmf !( /flvPsf] 5 M
;Sg]5 M
-65_
65_ -66_
66_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
!(= ;DalGwt d'n'snfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ M -!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f 8s'd]06 hf/L gug{ jf hf/L eO;s]sf] eP /f]Ssf /fVg
tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ubf{ bkmf !* adf]lhd /f]Ssf /fVg' -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt
jf lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{ b]lvPsf] s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ lgsfon] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ hf/L geO;s]sf] eP lghsf]
jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg ljb]zdf /x] ePsf] gfddf /fxbfgL jf 6fen/ 8s'd]06 hf/L ug{ x'Fb}g /
b]lvPdf ljefun] To:tf] JolQmsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg hf/L eO;s]sf] eP To:tf] JolQmsf] /fxbfgL jf 6fen/
jf lgoGq0fdf lng ;DalGwt d'n'sdf k|rlnt sfg"g 8s'd]06 /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 .
adf]lhd tTsfn n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!(u= ljz]if cg';Gwfg k|ljlw cjnDag ug{ ;Sg] M -!_
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vL k7fpFbf ljefun] cg';Gwfg clws[tn] ljefusf] k|d'vsf] k|ToIf
To:tf] JolQm / lghsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg /x] ePsf] lgu/fgLdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
:yfg jf a} jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] hfgsf/L pknAw s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg
ePdf ;f] ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 . ug{ k|ToIf e'QmfgL k|ljlw -sG6f]n 8]lne/L_ tyf ;'/fsL
@@= d"n P]gdf bkmf !(s=, !(v= / !(u= yk M d"n P]gsf] bkmf kl/rfng -c08/se/ ck/]zg_ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!( kl5 b]xfosf bkmf !(s=, !(v= / !(u=ylkPsf 5g\ M -@_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
!(s= sf/f]af/sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ cg';Gwfg s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf]
clws[tn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf s;"/df ;+nUg /x]sf] jf
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ;f]sf] zf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] JolQmnfO{
e}/x]sf] s'g} JolQmsf] sf/f]af/sf] lgoldt ?kdf tTsfn kqmfp ug'{ eGbf kqmfp gubf{ s;"/ tyf
cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/ s;"/bf/sf ;DaGwdf yk k|df0f tyf ;"rgf xfl;n x'g
cg'udg cfb]z -slG6Go" df]lg6l/ c8{/_ lbg ;Sg]5 . ;Sg] b]lvPdf / ;f] ubf{ s;"/df ;+nUg /x]sf] jf ;f]sf]
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lbFbf z+sf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] JolQm efuL hfg]
;fdfGotof tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L gx'g] u/L lbg' kg]{5 . ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] s'/fsf] k|ltj]bg cg';Gwfg
clws[taf6 k|fKt eO{ ;f] s'/fdf ljefusf] k|d'v ;Gt'i6
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd cfb]z ePdf ;"rs ePdf lghn] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ tTsfn kqmfp gu/L
;+:yfn] ;DalGwt JolQmsf] sf/f]af/sf] lgoldt ?kdf lghsf] uf]Ko lgu/fgL dfq ug{ ;Sg] u/L cfb]z lbg
cg'udg u/L To:tf] JolQmsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL ;Sg]5 .
k|ltj]bg ljefun] tf]s] adf]lhd k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd cjnDjg ul/g] ljz]if
!(v= /fxbfgL jf 6fen 8s'd]06 /f]Ssf /fVg ;Sg] M -!_ cg';Gwfg k|ljlw ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd
k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg x'g]5 .
cg';Gwfg clws[tn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/df cg';Gwfg @#= d"n P]gsf] bkmf @) df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf @) sf] ;f
e}/x]sf] s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf /fxbfgL jf 6fen/ b]xfosf] bkmf @) /flvPsf] 5 M
-67_
67_ -68_
68_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
@)= ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{ M ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfo jf
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf] clwsf/LnfO{ n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf cg';Gwfg clws[tn] o; kl/R5]b @&= d"n P]gsf] bkmf @& df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf @& df /x]sf
adf]lhd lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] ;DklQ, ;fwg tyf ;f];Fu s'g} a}, ljQLo ;+:yf jf u}/ljQLo ;+:yfsf] eGg] zAbx?sf]
;DalGwt lnvt ljefudf ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 . ;f k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt ;l7t ;+:yfsf] s'g}
@$= d"n P]gsf] bkmf @@ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf @@ sf] eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ .
pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;f b]xfosf] pkbkmf -!_ /flvPsf] 5 M @*= d"n P]gsf] bkmf @* df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf @* sf] ;f
-!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL b]xfosf] bkmf @* /flvPsf]5 M
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf ;DaGwdf @*= ;DklQsf] ;|f]t k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
cg';Gwfg ;dfKt eP kl5 ljefusf] k|d'vn] cfkm\gf] tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL
/fo ;lxt d'2f rNg] jf grNg] lg0f{osf nflu s;"/df d'2f rnfOPsf] JolQmsf] cfo;|f]t jf cfly{s
;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn ;dIf ldl;n Pj+ k|df0f k]z cj:yfsf] t'ngfdf lghsf] ;DklQ c:jfefljs b]lvg
ug'{ kg]{5 . cfPdf jf lghn] c:jfefljs pRr hLjg:t/ ofkg
@%= d"n P]gsf] bkmf @% df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf @% sf] u/]df jf cfkm\gf] x}l;ot eGbf a9L s;}nfO{ bfg,
pkbkmf -@_ kl5 b]xfosf] pkbkmf -#_ ylkPsf] 5 M bftJo, pkxf/, ;fk6L, rGbf jf as; lbPsf] k|dfl0ft
-#_ cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf ;f] s;"/sf ;DaGwdf ePdf lghn] To:tf] ;DklQ s] s:tf] ;|f]taf6 cfh{g
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;d]t d'2f rNg] / ;hfo x'g] u/]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
b]lvPdf ljefun] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;f] d'2fsf] k|rlnt -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DklQsf] ;|f]t
sfg"g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ g;s]df ;|f]t k|dfl0ft ug{ g;s]sf] hlt
;d]t lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] ;DklQ hkmt x'g]5 .
@^= d"n P]gdf bkmf @%s= yk M d"n P]gsf] bkmf @% kl5 b]xfosf] @(= d"n P]gsf] bkmf @( df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf @( sf] ;f
bkmf @%s= ylkPsf] 5 M b]xfosf] bkmf @( /flvPsf] 5 M
@%s= n]vL k7fpg' kg]{ M ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL @(= d'2f rnfpg / ;hfo ug{ afwf gkg]{ M k|rlnt sfg"g
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ afx]ssf] adf]lhd ;Da4 s;"/df d'2f grn]sf] jf rn]sf]df klg
cg';"rLdf plNnlvt ;Da4 s;'/ jf k|rlnt sfg"g g7x/]sf] sf/0fn] dfq s'g} ;DklQ s;"/af6 k|fKt
adf]lhdsf] cGo s;"/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf jf ph"/L ;DklQ ePsf] b]lvPdf ;f]sf] ;DaGwdf ;DklQ
ljefudf k|fKt ePdf jf kl/R5]b @ adf]lhdsf] z'4Ls/0f ;DaGwL s;"/df d'2f rnfpg / ;hfo ug{
s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ub}{ hfFbf cGo s;"/ eP u/]sf] afwf kg]{ 5}g .
b]lvPdf ljefun] ;f] ;DaGwL ;"rgf, ph"/L tyf #)= d"n P]gdf kl/R5]b ^s= / ^v= yk M d"n P]gsf] kl/R5]b ^
cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt lgisif{ / ;ng ul/Psf k|df0f kl5 b]xfosf kl/R5]b ^s= / ^v= ylkPsf 5g\ M
sfuhft ;lxtsf] ldl;n cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu
-69_
69_ -70_
70_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
kl/R5]b ^s ljlgd]o clwsf/kqsf] ;|f]t tyf k|of]u ug{ vf]h]sf]
d'b|f tyf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kqsf] pb\3f]if0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf p2]Zosf ;DaGwdf ;f]wk'5 ug{ ;Sg]5 M
@(s= pb\3f]if0f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cfkm\gf] ;fydf jf sfuf]{, -s_ d'b|f jf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kqsf]
s'/Lo/, x'nfs jf cGo dfWod dfkm{t /fi6 a}n] unt pb\3f]if0f u/]sf] jf pb\3f]if0f
tf]s]sf] eGbf a9L d"Nosf] g]kfnL jf ;f] a/fa/sf] gu/]sf] zf nfu]df, jf
ljb]zL d'b|f jf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kq g]kfnaf6 -v_ s'g} ;Da4 s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]
ljb]z n}hfg] jf ljb]zaf6 g]kfndf Nofpg] JolQmn] zf ug]{ dgffl;a cfwf/ ePdf .
tf]lsP adf]lhd lnlvt ?kdf To:tf] d'b|f jf wf/s -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;f]wk'5 ubf{ To:tf]
ljlgd]o clwsf/kqsf] ;xL ?kdf pb\3f]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 . d'b|f jf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kq pb\3f]if0f gu/]sf] jf
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pb\3f]if0f ubf{ To:tf] em"f] jf unt pb\3f]if0f u/]sf] jf s'g} s;"/;Fu
d'b|f jf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kq cfkm\gf] ;fydf ;DalGwt ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf eG;f/ clws[tn] ;a}
Nofpg] jf n}hfg] eP ;DalGwt eG;f/ clws[t ;dIf d'b|f jf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kq hkmt u/L lauf]
/ sfuf]{, s'/Lo/, x'nfs jf cGo dfWod dfkm{t Nofpg] adf]lhd hl/jfgf ug]{5 .
jf n}hfg] eP ;DalGwt sfuf]{, s'/Lo/ jf x'nfs ;dIf -#_ eG;f/ clws[tn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]]lhd
;f] s'/fsf] pb\3f]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 . hkmt ubf{ ;f]sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
-#_ sfuf]{, s'/Lo/, x'nfs jf cGo To:t} ;]jf JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
;~rfnsn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd pb\3f]if0f u/]sf] d'b|f @(u= ;"rgf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ eG;f/ clws[tn] bkmf @(v=
tyf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kq ;DaGwL ljj/0f adf]lhd zf nfu]sf] d'b|f jf wf/s ljlgd]o
tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf ;DalGwt eG;f/ clws[t ;dIf k]z clwsf/kqsf] ljj/0fsf] hfgsf/L ljQLo hfgsf/L
ug'{ kg]{5 . OsfO{ tyf s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg txlssft ug]{ ;DalGwt
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd pb\3f]if0f lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ tTsfn lbg' kg]{5 .
u/]sf] jf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k]z u/]sf] ljj/0f em"6f] -@_ eG;f/ ljefun] bkmf @(s= adf]lhd
jf unt ePsf] zf nfu]df eG;f/ clws[tn] To:tf] pb\3f]if0f u/]sf] d'b|f tyf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kq
JolQmnfO{ cfkm";Fu /x]sf] d'b|f jf wf/s ljlgd]o ;DaGwL ljj/0f k|To]s dlxgf ljQLo hfgsf/L
clwsf/kq b]vfpg nufpg] jf zf nfu]sf] sfuf]{, OsfO{nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
kf;{n jf k'lnGbf vf]Ng ;Sg]5 .
@(3= eG;f/ P]g adf]lhdsf] dfnj:t' dflgg] M -!_ o;
-%_ d'b|f tyf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kqsf] kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf nflu d'b|f tyf wf/s ljlgd]o
pb\3f]if0f ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 . clwsf/kqnfO{ eG;f/ ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g
@(v= ;f]wk'5, hkmt tyf ;hfo ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ eG;f/ adf]lhdsf] dfnj:t' dflgg]5 .
clws[tn] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf g]kfnaf6 ljb]z n}hfg jf
ljb]zaf6 g]kfndf Nofpg vf]h]sf] d'b|f jf wf/s
-71_
71_ -72_
72_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-@_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd pb\3f]if0f ug'{ kg]{ @(r= cftsf/L JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] ?kdf ;"rLs[t
d'b|f tyf wf/s ljlgd]o clwsf/kqsf] hfFra'em, ug]{ M -!_ cftjfbL s[ofsnfk;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] jf
vfgtnf;L, /f]Ssf, hkmt, k'g/fj]bg tyf sf/afxL ;f]sf] z+sf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] egL s'g}
;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf eG;f/ ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /flvlbg s'g}
adf]lhd x'g]5 . d'n'saf6 g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w eO{ cfPdf k//fi6
kl/R5]b ^v= dGqfnon] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L cljnDj u[x dGqfnonfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
;DklQ tyf sf]if /f]Ssf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
-@_ g]kfnL jf ljb]zL gful/s jf cGo s'g}
@(= cftsf/L JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7g ;DaGwL ;"rgfsf] JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7gn] g]kfn jf g]kfn aflx/ s'g}
k|jfx M -!_ cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ;+nUg JolQm, ;d"x d'n'sdf cftsf/L sfo{ jf ;f]df ljQLo nufgL ug]{
jf ;7g jf cfdljgf;sf xftxltof/sf] lgdf{0f tyf sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] jf ;+nUg x'g ;Sg] dgfl;a
lj:tf/ jf To;df nufgL ug]{ JolQm, ;d"x jf cfwf/ ePdf cfkm}+n] jf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g}
;7gsf] ;DklQ jf sf]if /f]Ssf /fVg] ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm d'n'saf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPdf To:tf] JolQm, ;d"x jf
/fi6 ;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t lg0f{o adf]lhd ;7gsf] ;DaGwdf u[x dGqfnon] cfjZos hfFra'em
;"rLs[t ePsf JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
;"rL k//fi6 dGqfnon] cljnDj cfkm\gf] j]a;fO{6df
/fvL ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ljB'tLo dfWod dfkm{t u[x -#_ s'g} JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7g g]kfn jf g]kfn
dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . aflx/ s'g} d'n'sdf pkbkmf -@_ jf bkmf $
adf]lhdsf] sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] b]lvPdf jf k|rlnt
-@_ u[x dGqfnon] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfg"g adf]lhd cftjfbL s[ofsnfk dflgg] s'g}
;"rLdf /x]sf] cftsf/L JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7g ePsf]
;DklQ jf sf]if o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd tTsfn /f]Ssf b]lvPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] JolQm, ;d"x jf
/fVg] cfb]z hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 . ;+u7gnfO{ cftjfbL s[ofsnfk;Fu ;DalGwt JolQm,
-#_ u[x dGqfnon] pkbkmf -@_ / bkmf @(r= ;d"x jf ;7gsf] ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t u/L To:tf JolQm,
adf]lhd hf/L u/]sf] cfb]z ;lxtsf] ;"rL cljnDj ;d"x jf ;+u7gsf] ;DklQ jf sf]if /f]Ssf /fVg] cfb]z
cfkm\gf] j]a;fO6df k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ cy{ dGqfno, lgodgsf/L lgsfo, -$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t
;DalGwt lgsfo, ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{, ;"rs ;+:yf, JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gnfO{ ;"rLs[t ul//fVg] cfwf/
sfg"gL JolQm tyf k|fs[lts JolQmn] o; kl/R5]bsf] gePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] JolQm, ;d"x jf
k|of]hgsf] nflu pkbkmf -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd k|sflzt ;7gsf] gfd To:tf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5 .
;"rL lgoldt ?kdf j]a;fO6 x]/L To:tf] ;"rLdf -%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;"rLs[t JolQm, ;d"x
plNnlvt JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] af/]df cBfjlws jf ;7gsf] gfd To:tf] ;"rLaf6 x6fOPdf ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L xfl;n ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-73_
73_ -74_
74_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
hfgsf/L u[x dGqfnon] cljnDj cfkm\gf] j]a;fO6df ljQLo jf cGo ;Da4 ;'ljwf bkmf @(= / @(r= df
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . plNnlvt JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf
@(5= ;DklQ tyf sf]if cljnDj /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ ?kdf Psn jf ;+o'Qm ?kdf k|of]u ug{ jf nfe k|fKt
k|fs[lts JolQm, sfg"gL JolQm, ;DalGwt lgsfo jf ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
;"rs ;+:yfn] bkmf @(= / @(r= adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf -%_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf
plNnlvt cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ;+nUg JolQm, ;d"x sf]if /f]Ssf /fv]sf] ljj/0f ;f] sfo{ u/]sf] ldltn] tLg
jf ;7gsf] ;DklQ jf sf]if ljgf k"j{ ;"rgf tTsfn lbgleq k|fs[lts JolQm, sfg"gL JolQm / ;DalGwt
/f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 . lgsfon] cy{ dGqfnodf / ;"rs ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf]
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /f]Ssf /fVbf cfkm";Fu lgodgsf/L lgsfodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
/x]sf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ tyf sf]if cljnDj -^_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd
/f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 M ;"rs ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f tLg lbgleq cy{
-s_ To:tf] JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] k|ToIf dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
jf ck|ToIf ?kn] Psn jf ;+o'Qm -&_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ jf sf]if
:jfldTj, ef]u jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] ;a} /f]Ssf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;DklQ jf sf]if, @(h= gfd x6fpg] jf ;DklQ tyf sf]if km's'jf ug]{ M -!_ bkmf
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ jf @(= jf @(r= adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf]
sf]ifaf6 a9] jf a9fPsf] ;DklQ jf JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7gn] bkmf @(= adf]lhdsf]
sf]if, ;"rLsf] xsdf k//fi6 dGqfnodf / bkmf @(r=
-u_ To:tf] JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] adf]lhdsf] ;"rLsf] xsdf u[x dGqfnodf lgj]bg lbg
tkm{af6 jf lgb]{zgdf /xL sfd ug]{ ;Sg]5 .
h'g;'s} JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] -@_ bkmf @(5= adf]lhd ;DklQ jf sf]if /f]Ssf
;DklQ jf sf]if . /fv]sf]df To:tf] ;DklQ jf sf]if km's'jf ug{ jf
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DklQ jf sf]if /f]Ssf cfkm"nfO{ k/]sf] cGo c;/sf ;DaGwdf bkmf @(=
/fVbf To:tf] ;DklQ jf sf]if of] P]g jf o; P]g adf]lhdsf] ;"rL;Fu ;DalGwt JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7gn]
cGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf plNnlvt k|s[of / cj:yfdf k//fi6 dGqfnodf / bkmf @(r= adf]lhdsf] ;"rL;Fu
afx]s s;}nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{, lwtf] jf aGws lng jf ;DalGwt JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7gn] u[x dGqfnodf
lbg, laqmL ljt/0f ug{ jf sf/f]af/ ug{ gx'g] u/L lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
/f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt
-$_ k|fs[lts JolQm, sfg"gL JolQm, ;DalGwt ePdf ;DalGwt dGqfnon] cfjZos 5fgjLg u/L jf
lgsfo tyf ;"rs ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd u/fO{ ;f] lgj]bg bkmf @(= adf]lhd k|sflzt ;"rLdf
/f]Ssf /fv]sf] ;DklQ tyf sf]if, cfly{s ;fwg ;|f]t, plNnlvt JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7g;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvPdf
-75_
75_ -76_
76_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
k//fi6 dGqfnon] ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;+3df / bkmf @(r= dGqfnon] k//fi6 dGqfno dfkm{t ;DalGwt d'n'sdf
adf]lhd k|sflzt JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7g;Fu ;DalGwt cljnDj n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
b]lvPdf u[x dGqfnon] k//fi6 dGqfno dfkm{t -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vL k7fPsf]
;DalGwt d'n'sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . ;"rLs[t JolQm, ;d"x jf ;7gsf] gfd To:tf] ;"rLaf6
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg x6fOPdf lghsf] /f]Ssf /fv]sf] ;DklQ jf sf]if km's'jf
bkmf @(r= adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] k|sflzt ug{ ;d]t u[x dGqfnon] k//fi6 dGqfno dfkm{t
u/]sf] cftsf/L JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7gsf] ;"rL;Fu ;DalGwt d'n'sdf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
;DalGwt b]lvPdf u[x dGqfnon] cfjZos 5fgjLg @(`= cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; kl/R5]b
u/L u/fO{ To:tf] JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7g bkmf @(r= adf]lhdsf] sfd sf/afxL k|efjsf/L ?kdf eP gePsf]
sf] pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt cj:yfsf] gb]lvPdf jf ;DaGwdf ;du| cg'udg tyf d"Nofg /fli6o ;dGjo
lgj]bs bkmf @(r= adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{ ;ldltn] ug]{5 .
gb]lvPdf To:tf] JolQm, ;d"x jf ;+u7gsf] gfd To:tf]
;"rLaf6 x6fpg jf lghsf] /f]Ssf /x]sf] ;DklQ jf -@_ ;DalGwt lgsfon] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf]
sf]if km's'jf ug]{5 . sfo{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf u/] jf gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf
;DalGwt dGqfnon] lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug'{
-%_ ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o kg]{5 .
k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cftsf/L JolQm,
;d"x jf ;7gsf] gfd ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug]{, bkmf -#_ ;"rs ;+:yfn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] sfo{
@(r= adf]lhd ;"rLs[t cftsf/L JolQm, ;d"x jf k|efjsf/L ?kdf u/] jf gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt
;7gsf] gfd ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug]{ jf ;"rLaf6 x6fpg], lgodgsf/L lgsfon] lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug'{
bkmf @(5= adf]lhd /f]Ssf /fv]sf] ;DklQ jf sf]if kg]{5 .
km's'jf ug]{, ;"rLs/0f jf ;DklQ jf sf]if /f]Ssf lj?4 -$_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL
ph"/L ug]{, lgbf]{if JolQm -af]gfkmfO8 y8{ kf6L{_ sf] cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
sfg"gL clwsf/sf] ;d'lrt ;+/If0f ug]{, ;DklQ tyf @(6= pNn+3g ug]{nfO{ ;hfo M -!_ bkmf @(5= sf] pNn+3g
sf]if /f]Ssf /fv]sf] JolQmsf] e/0fkf]if0fsf nflu ug]{ ;"rs ;+:yfnfO{ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] bkmf &km=
cfjZos Go"gtd vr{ km's'jf ug]{ nufot To:tf] lg0f{o adf]lhd ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
sfof{Gjog ug{ jf u/fpg cfjZos cGo Joj:yf
tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ bkmf @(5= sf] pNn+3g ug]{ ;DalGwt
lgsfosf] lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ clVtof/jfn] k|rlnt
@(em= ;DalGwt d'n'sdf n]vL k7fpg] M -!_ bkmf @(r= sfg"g adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{5 .
adf]lhd k|sflzt ;"rLdf gfd pNn]v ePsf] JolQm,
;d"x jf ;7gsf] s'g} ;DklQ jf sf]if ljb]zdf /x] -#_ bkmf @(5= sf] pNn+3g ug]{ k|fs[lts JolQm
ePsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] ;DklQ jf sf]if /f]Ssf /fVg u[x jf sfg"gL JolQmnfO{ u[x dGqfnon] bznfv ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-77_
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78_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-$_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_ jf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f -$_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_, -#_ jf -$_ df
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k|fs[lts jf sfg"gL JolQm, plNnlvt cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
;"rs ;+:yf jf ;f]sf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Ln] cftjfbL ;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -#_ df plNnlvt
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ ug{ d2t ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'g]5 .
ug]{ jf cftsf/L JolQm, cftsf/L ;d"x jf -%_ sfg"gL JolQm jf ;f]sf] k|of]u u/L s'g}
;+u7gnfO{ jf cftsf/L sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] JolQmn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f jf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf
;DklQ jf sf]if /f]Ssf g/fv]sf] b]lvPdf lghnfO{ ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s'g} s;"/ u/]df To:tf] s;"/
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/df ug]{ JolQm, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ pkbkmf -!_, -@_,
cg';Gwfg ug{ tyf d'2f rnfpg afwf kg]{ 5}g . -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5 .
-%_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf cftsf/L JolQm, -^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] JolQm, kbflwsf/L
;d"x jf ;+u7gsf] ;DklQ tyf sf]ifsf] klxrfg, /f]Ssf, jf sd{rf/L klxrfg x'g g;s]df To:tf] s;"/ x'Fbfsf]
lgoGq0f, cg';Gwfg, hkmt ;DaGwdf o;} P]g adf]lhdsf] avt k|d'v eO{ sfdsfh ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ k|rlnt
Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 . sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g]5 .
#!= d"n P]gsf] bkmf #) df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf #) sf] ;f -&_ s'g} /fi6;]js jf ;"rs ;+:yfsf]
b]xfosf] bkmf #) /flvPsf] 5 M kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f jf
#)= ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s'g}
nufgL ug]{nfO{ ;hfo M -!_ bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -!_ df s;"/ u/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -!_, -@_, -#_ jf
plNnlvt ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ;DaGwL s;"/ ug]{ -$_ df plNnlvt ;hfodf yk bz k|ltzt ;hfo
JolQmnfO{ lauf]sf] bf]Aa/ hl/jfgf / s;"/sf] ufDeLo{ x'g]5 .
x]/L b'O{ jif{b]lv bz jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 . -*_ s'g} sfg"gL JolQmn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f jf
-@_ bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s'g}
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ;DaGwL s;"/ dWo] if8oGq ug]{ s;"/ u/]df To:tf] sfg"gL JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gdf
JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd / cGo s;"/ ug]{ h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;"/sf] ufDeLo{sf
JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ;hfosf] cfwf cfwf/df b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} ;hfo x'g]5 M
;hfo x'g]5 . -s_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_, -#_ jf
-#_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt -$_ adf]lhd x'g ;Sg] hl/jfgfsf] kfFr
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ u'0ff;Dd hl/jfgf ug]{,
ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ljuf] v'n]sf]df ljuf]sf] kfFr u'0ff / ljuf] -v_ cjwL tf]sL ;fj{hlgs v/Lbdf lgif]w
gv'n]sf]df Ps s/f]8 k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf / s;"/sf] ug]{,
ufDeLo{ x]/L tLg jif{b]lv aL; jif{;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
-u_ cjwL tf]sL pTkfbg jf ;]jfsf] v/Lb
ug{ /f]s nufpg],
-79_
79_ -80_
80_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-3_ xflg gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg], #$= ;DklQ jf ;fwg hkmt x'g] M -!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
-_ Ohfhtkq jf cg'dltkq vf/]h ug]{, cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/
jf k|dfl0ft ePdf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt hf] ;'s}sf] gfd,
ef]u, :jfldTj jf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] :jfy{ /x] ePsf]
-r_ To:tf] sfg"gL JolQmnfO{ vf/]h ug]{ . b]xfosf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg hkmt x'g]5 M
-(_ pkbkmf -!_ b]lv -*_ ;Dd n]lvP afx]s s;}n] of] -s_ z'4Ls/0f ul/Psf] ;DklQ,
P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod pNn\3g u/]df lauf]
v'n]sf]df lauf] hkmt u/L ljuf] adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf / ljuf] -v_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ;DaGwL s;"/ ug{
gv'n]sf]df bznfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 . k|of]u ul/Psf] jf k|of]u ug{ vf]lhPsf]
s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg,
#@= d"n P]gsf] bkmf #! df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf #! sf] ;f
b]xfosf] bkmf #! /flvPsf]5 M -u_ cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
;DaGwL s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ,
#!= uf]kgLotf e ug]{nfO{ ;hfo M bkmf !)v= sf] pkbkmf
-@_ adf]lhd uf]kgLotf sfod gug]{ jf bkmf @^ -3_ cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo
ljk/Lt uf]Kotf e ug]{ JolQmnfO{ Ps dlxgfb]lv tLg nufgLsf] nflu jf cftsf/L sfo{ jf
dlxgf;Dd s}b jf Psnfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} cftsf/L JolQm, cftsf/L ;7gn]
;hfo x'g]5 . k|of]u u/]sf] jf k|of]u ug{ 5'6\ofOPsf]
jf k|of]u ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;DklQ, /
##= d"n P]gsf] bkmf ## df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf ## df /x]sf
o; P]g cGtu{tsf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssft ;DaGwL sfd -_ cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
sf/afxLdf eGg] zAbx?sf] ;f cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL sfd ;DaGwL s;"/ ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf]] jf
sf/afxLdf eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ . k|of]u ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;fwg .
#$= d"n P]gdf bkmf ##s= yk M d"n P]gsf] bkmf ## kl5 b]xfosf] -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ;DklQ jf ;fwg
bkmf ##s= ylkPsf] 5 M n'sfPsf], pkef]u u/]sf], lgM;u{ u/]sf], lgbf]{if JolQmsf]
;DklQ jf ;fwg ePsf] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] hkmt
##s= x}/fgL jf em0em6 lbg]nfO{ ;hfo M s;}n] ph"/L lbg' ug{ g;lsg] ePdf s;"/bf/sf] ;f] d"No a/fa/sf] cGo
kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f geO{ s;}nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] xflg ;DklQ hkmt x'g]5 .
gf]S;fgL k'ofpg] jf b'Mv, x}/fgL jf em0em6 lbg]
lgotn] em"f] ph"/L lbPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf cg';Gwfg -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf
clws[tsf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] ;fwg hkmt ubf{ s;"/df ;+nUg gePsf] lgbf]{if
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ bzxhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ JolQmsf] sfg"gL clwsf/sf] ;d'lrt ?kdf ;+/If0f ug'{
;Sg]5 . kg]{5 .
#%= d"n P]gsf] bkmf #$ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf #$ sf] ;f -$_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu pkbkmf -
b]xfosf] bkmf #$ /flvPsf] 5 M !_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;"/df
-81_
81_ -82_
82_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
;+nUg gePsf] lgbf]{if JolQmsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg / #&= d"n P]gsf] bkmf #^ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf #^ sf] 7fpF
;f]af6 a9] a9fPsf] ;DklQ b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg 7fpFdf /x]sf] ;DklQ eGg] zAbsf] ;f ;DklQ jf ;fwg
ePdf cbfntn] hkmt ug]{ 5}g M eGg] zAbx? /fvL ;f]xL bkmfdf /x]sf] ljefun] eGg]
-s_ To:tf] JolQm ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f jf zAbx?sf] ;f cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df
cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ljefusf] k|d'vn] eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ .
;DaGwL s'g} s;"/df ;+nUg ePsf] #*= d"n P]gsf] bkmf #& df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf #& sf] ;f
gb]lvPdf, b]xfosf] bkmf #& /flvPsf] 5 M
-v_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg s;"/af6 k|fKt #&= hfgsf/L lbP afkt ;hfo gx'g] M -!_ ;"rs ;+:yf jf
;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg ;f]sf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] o; P]g adf]lhdsf]
ePsf] gb]lvPdf, bfloTj lgjf{x ug]{ qmddf ug]{ s'g} sfo{ k|rlnt sfg"g
-u_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;DklQ adf]lhdsf] ljQLo jf k]zfut uf]kgLotf ljk/Lt x'g]
z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf b]lvPdf ;d]t o; P]g adf]lhdsf] bfloTj lgjf{x ug]{
ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ x'g'eGbf xb;Ddsf] nflu lghn] k|rlnt sfg"g pNn+3g u/]sf]
cufj} k|fKt u/]sf] / To:tf] ;DklQ jf dflgg] 5}g .
;fwg ;DalGwt JolQmn] s;"/df k|of]u -@_ ;/sf/L lgsfo, ;"rs ;+:yf jf ;f]sf] s'g}
ug{ ;S5 eGg] lghnfO{ yfxf gePsf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
b]lvPdf . ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsf jf lbOPsf]
#^= d"n P]gsf] bkmf #% df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf #% sf] ;f lgb]{zg kfngf ug]{ ;Gbe{df c;n lgotn] s'g}
b]xfosf] bkmf #% /flvPsf] 5 M k|ltj]bg, sfuhft, clen]v, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L
pknAw u/fPsf]df lghn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf]
#%= /fli6o hf]lvd d"Nofg ul/g] M -!_ cfjlws ?kdf tyf uf]kgLotf, k|zf;lgs jf lgodgsf/L bfloTj jf
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s/f/Lo bfloTj e u/]sf] dfgL To:tf] kbflwsf/L jf
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ tyf ;Da4 sd{rf/LnfO{ b]jfgL, kmf}hbf/L, k|zf;sLo jf cg'zf;g
s;"/ ;DaGwdf /fli6o hf]lvd d"Nofg ul/g]5 . ;DaGwL s'g} sf/afxL tyf ;hfo x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] /fli6o hf]lvd #(= d"n P]gsf] bkmf #* df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf #* sf],
d"Nofg ug]{ k|d'v bfloTj sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf] x'g]5 .
-!_ pkbkmf -!_ df /x]sf sAhf ul/Psf] eGg]
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{Gjog zAbx?sf] ;f lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] eGg]
;ldltsf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo clwsf/ tyf /fli6o zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ .
hf]lvd d"Nofg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd
x'g]5 . -@_ 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf dfnj:t' eGg] zAbsf] ;f
;DklQ jf ;fwg eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\
.
-83_
83_ -84_
84_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
$)= d"n P]gsf] bkmf $@ df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf $@ sf] ;f pknAw u/fpg] cGo s'g} ljj/0f jf
b]xfosf] bkmf $@ /flvPsf] 5 M hfgsf/L, jf
$@= dg;fosf] JofVof M ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL -_ v08 -s_ b]lv -3_ ;Ddsf k|ltj]bg,
s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf sfuhft, clen]v, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L
cf/f]lkt JolQmsf] dg;fo, hfgsf/L jf p2]Zosf] lbg] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf]
JofVof ubf{ j:t'ut ?kdf tYok/s kl/l:yltsf] kl/rofTds ljj/0f .
cfwf/df ul/g]5 . -@_ ljefu, cg';Gwfg clws[t jf ljefusf]
$!= d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$s= df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$s= s'g} sd{rf/L jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s;"/sf]
sf] ;f b]xfosf] bkmf $$s= /flvPsf] 5 M cg';Gwfg ug]{ s'g} lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] ;DklQ
$$s= ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L k|s6 ug{ gx'g] M -!_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ jf ;Da4 s;"/sf ;DaGwdf ljQLo
;DaGwL s;"/ jf ;Da4 s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf ;"rs ;+:yf hfgsf/L OsfO{ jf ;"rs ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ;"rgf
jf ;f]sf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln]] b]xfosf] k|ltj]bg, jf k|ltj]bg, sfuhft, clen]v jf hfgsf/L lbg]
sfuhft, clen]v, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L lbg], lbPsf] jf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{, ;"rs ;+:yf jf To;sf]
lbg nfu]sf] Joxf]/f u|fxs jf cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{ kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] kl/ro v'Ng] jf v'Ng ;Sg]
hfgsf/L lbg' x'Fb}g M hfgsf/L s;}nfO{ lbg' x'Fb}g .
-s_ zf:kb sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg jf -#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd hfgsf/L lbg gx'g]
o; P]g adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;Ldf ljj/0f jf Joxf]/f Goflos sf/afxLdf ;d]t pNn]v
jf ;f] eGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL ul/g] 5}g .
k|ltj]bg, -$_ o; bkmf ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{nfO{ b]xfosf
-v_ bkmf !(s= adf]lhd sf/f]af/sf] lg/Gt/ clwsf/Ln] b]xfo adf]lhd ;hfo ug'{ kg]{5 M
cg'udg cfb]z ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg, -s_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] a} tyf ljQLo
-u_ ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{, cg';Gwfg ;+:yf jf Sofl;gf]nfO{ bznfv
clwsf/L, k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf,
s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;DalGwt -v_ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] u}/ljQLo
clwsf/L jf lgodgsf/L lgsfo ;dIf k]zfsdL{ jf Joj;foLnfO{ b'O{nfv
pknAw u/fPsf] sfuhft, clen]v jf ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf,
;"rgf, -u_ ;"rs ;+:yf ;+ul7t ;+:yf eP To:tf]
-3_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] kbflwsf/L jf
lgod jf hf/L ePsf] lgb]{lzsf jf sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] ;+:yfsf] sfg"g
lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd ;"rs ;+:yfn] adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo,
-85_
85_ -86_
86_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-3_ ;]jfsf] u7g tyf ;~rfng ;DaGwL hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd
k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] x'g]5 .
eP tfklg ljefusf] k|d'v, cg';Gwfg $#= d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$u= df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$u= sf]
clws[t jf ljefusf] sd{rf/L jf ;f b]xfosf] bkmf $$u= /flvPsf] 5 M
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s;"/sf]
cg';Gwfg ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt $$u= ljQLo ;+:yf jf a}ls pks/0f dfkm{t sf/f]af/ ug'{ kg]{
clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo ;hfo, M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fi6 a}sf] k/fdz{df g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf] d"No jf ;f]
-_ ;]jfsf] u7g tyf ;~rfng ;DaGwL eGbf a9Lsf] s'g} ;]jf jf j:t'sf] v/Lb laqmL tyf cGo
k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] sf/f]af/ ljQLo ;+:yf jf a}ls pks/0f dfkm{t dfq
eP tfklg ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{sf] ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
k|d'v jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt
clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo ;hfo . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfdf plNnlvt
j:t' jf ;]jfsf] v/Lb laqmL tyf cGo sf/f]af/ gubdf
$@= d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$v= df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$v= gu/L ljQLo ;+:yf jf a}+ls pks/0f dfkm{t ug'{
sf] ;f b]xfosf] bkmf $$v= /flvPsf] 5 M u/fpg' ;DalGwt ;a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
$$v= uf]kgLotf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"g $$= d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$3= df ;+zf]wg M d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$3= df
adf]lhd uf]Ko /xg' kg]{ sfuhft, clen]v, ljj/0f, /x]sf] s;"/ eGg] zAbsf] ;f ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf
;"rgf jf hfgsf/L ;f] ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ eGg]
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cg';Gwfg clws[t jf zAbx? /flvPsf 5g\ .
ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{nfO{ o; P]g adf]lhd cfkm\gf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] k|of]hgsf nflu uf]Ko /x]sf] dflgg] $%= d"n P]gdf bkmf $$r= yk M d"n P]gsf] bkmf $$= kl5
5}g . b]xfosf] bkmf $$r= ylkPsf] 5 M
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu cg';Gwfg $$r= k//fi6 dGqfnonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ M o; P]g
clws[t jf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] k|of]hg v'nfO{ adf]lhd ljefu, lgodgsf/L lgsfo jf ljQLo
dfu u/]df ;DalGwt lgsfo, kbflwsf/L jf JolQmn] hfgsf/L OsfO{n] ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd ug]{ ljb]zL
To:tf] sfuhft, clen]v, ljj/0f, ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L d'n'ssf] s'g} lgsfo;Fu cGt/f{li6o ;xof]u cfbfg
pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . k|bfg ug{] ;DaGwdf ;dembf/L sfod u/]df ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L oyfzL3| k//fi6 dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd uf]Ko /xg' kg]{
sfuhft, clen]v, ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L $^= d"n P]gdf bkmf $& yk M d"n P]gsf] bkmf $^ kl5 b]xfosf]
cg';Gwfg clws[t jf ljQLo hfgsf/L OsfO{n] dfu bkmf $& ylkPsf] 5 M
ug]{ tyf To:tf sfuhft, clen]v, ljj/0f, ;"rgf jf $&= lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug{ ;Sg] M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t
ag]sf] lgodsf] k|efjsf/L ?kn] sfof{Gjog ug{ jf
-87_
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88_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo -r_ xftxltof/ v/vhfgfsf] u}/sfg"gL cf];f/k;f/
nufgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6o dfkb08 kfngf ;DaGwL,
u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L -5_ rf]/L ul/Psf] jf cGo j:t'sf] u}/sfg"gL
ug{ ;Sg]5 . cf];f/k;f/ ;DaGwL,
$&= ?kfGt/ M d"n P]gsf] 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf b]xfosf zAbx?sf] ;f -h_ e|i6frf/ tyf 3'; ;DaGwL,
b]xfosf zAbx? /fvL ?kfGt/ ul/Psf]5 M
-em_ 7uL ;DaGwL,
-s_ cg';Gwfg tyf txlssft eGg] zAbx?sf]
;f cg';Gwfg . -`_ sLt]{ ;DaGwL,
-v_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/ jf o; P]g -6_ vf]6f l;Ssf jf d'b|f ;DaGwL,
cGtu{t ;hfo x'g] s;"/ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;f -7_ gSsnL j:t'sf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbgsf]
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf u}/sfg"gL k|ltlnlk jf rf]/L -kfO/];L ckm
ljQLo nufgL ;DaGwL s;"/ . k|f]8S6;\_ ;DaGwL,
-u_ ;dGjo ;ldlt eGg] zAbx?sf] ;f /fli6o -8_ jftfj/0f ;DaGwL,
;dGjo ;ldlt . -9_ Hofg lng] tyf ce ;DaGwL,
cg';"rL -0f_ ckx/0f, u}/sfg"gL y'gf jf z/L/ aGws
-bkmf @ sf] v08 -z_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ;DaGwL,
;Da4 s;"/ -t_ rf]/L jf 8s}tL ;DaGwL,
!= k|rlnt sfg"g cGtu{tsf] b]xfosf] s'g} s;"/ M -y_ t:s/L -eG;f/, cGtz'Ns tyf s/ ;lxt_
-s_ ;l7t ck/flws ;d"x / u}/sfg"gL jf ;DaGwL,
w'Tof{Ok"j{ssf] c;"nL -ofs]6l/_ df ;xefuL -b_ s/ -k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ;d]t_ ;DaGwL,
x'g] ;DaGwL, -w_ cfk/flws nfe -PS:6;{g_ ;DaGwL,
-v_ ljWj+;fTds sfo{ nufot cftjfb ;DaGwL, -g_ ;fd'lb|s 8s}tL -kfO/];L_ ;DaGwL,
-u_ h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] dfgj a]rlavg tyf -k_ lwtf]kq jf sdf]l8l6h ahf/nfO{ k|lts"n k|efj
cf];f/k;f/ ;DaGwL, kfg]{ -dfs]{6 Doflgk'n];g_ jf leqL sf/f]af/ -
-3_ afn of}g zf]if0f nufot h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] of}g OG;fO8/ 6]l8_ ;DaGwL,
zf]if0f ;DaGwL, -km_ k|frLg :df/s ;+/If0f ;DaGwL,
-_ nfu" cf}ifw tyf dgf]lks kbfy{sf] u}/sfg"gL -a_ jg, /fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f
cf];f/k;f/ ;DaGwL, ;DaGwL,
-89_
89_ -90_
90_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-e_ d'b|f, a}+ls, ljQLo, ljb]zL ljlgd]o, ljlgd]o
clwsf/kq, aLdf jf ;xsf/L;Fu ;DaGwL,
efu @
-d_ sfnf]ahf/, pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f, k|ltikwf{ jf g]kfn ;/sf/
cfk"lt{ ;DaGwL, sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg ;ef tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
-o_ lgjf{rg ;DaGwL, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f *# sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] x]l;otdf ;+ljwfg ;efn] agfPsf] tn n]lvP
-/_ ;~rf/, k|zf/0f, lj1fkg ;DaGwL, adf]lhdsf] P]g ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
-n_ oftfoft Joj;fo, lzIff, :jf:Yo, cf}ifwL jf ;+jt\ @)&) ;fnsf] P]g g+= #
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ 7uL ;DaGwL, km f h
} bf/L s;/" af6 kf| Kt ;DklQ tyf s;/" ;uF ;DalGwt ;fwg /fS] sf
-j_ kmd{, ;fem]bf/L, sDkgL jf ;+3 ;+:yf ;DaGwL, /fVg,] lgoGq0fdf lng] / hkmt ug{] ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ags ] f] Pg]
-z_ 3/, hUuf / ;DklQ ;DaGwL, k|:tfjgf M kmf}hbf/L s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ tyf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt
-if_ lrf, h'jf jf rGbf ;DaGwL, ;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg], lgoGq0fdf lng] / hkmt ug]{ ;DaGwL sfg"gL
Joj:yfnfO{ ;dofg's"n agfpg jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
-;_ gful/stf, cWofudg jf /fxbfgL ;DaGwL .
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f *# adf]lhd
@= bkmf $ adf]lhdsf] cftjfbL s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] x}l;otdf ;+ljwfg;efn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .
;DaGwL s;"/,
kl/R5]b !
#= g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]lslbPsf]
cGo s'g} s;"/, jf k|f/lDes
$= k|s/0f -!_, -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd s;"/ dflgg] s'g} sfo{ ljb]zdf != ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd s;"/hGo ;DklQ
eP u/]sf] / To:tf] sfo{ ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd tyf ;fwg -/f]Ssf, lgoGq0f / hkmt_ P]g, @)&) /x]sf] 5 .
;d]t ck/fw dflgg] /x]5 eg] To:tf] s;"/ . -@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,
cf1fn], -s_ cbfnt eGgfn] lhNnf cbfnt, k'g/fj]bg
cbfnt / ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
e]if/fh zdf{ zAbn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ k|rlnt
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrj sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo jf
clwsf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
k|df0fLs/0f ldlt M @)&).!@.!@ -v_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/L eGgfn] s;"/sf]
cg';GWffg tyf txlssft ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g

-91_
91_ -92_
92_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf], tf]lsPsf] jf clwsf/ sfuhft, lg:;f, k|df0fk"hf{ jf ljB'tLo jf
k|fKt lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ . cGo pks/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-u_ s;"/ eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfn -7_ ;DklQ jf ;fwg eGgfn] s;"/af6 k|fKt
;/sf/ jfbL x'g] kmf}hbf/L s;"/ ;Demg' k5{ . ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg ;Demg'
-3_ s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ eGgfn] s'g} s;"/af6 k5{ .
k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf k|fKt u/]sf] jf xfl;n -8_ ;ldlt eGGffn] bkmf @% adf]lhdsf] sf]if
u/]sf] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ / ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
;f] zAbn] To:tf] ;DklQaf6 a9] a9fPsf]] cGo kl/R5]b @
;DklQ jf cfly{s nfe ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
/f]Ssf tyf lgoGq0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
-_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg eGgfn] cf+lzs jf
k"0f{ ?kdf s;"/ ug{ h'g;'s} k|sf/n] k|of]u #= vf]htnf; tyf klxrfg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]
u/]sf] jf k|of]u ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;fwg, ;DklQ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf bkmf !!
jf pks/0f ;Demg' k5{ . adf]lhd hkmt x'g ;Sg] dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] ;DklQ jf
;fwg bkmf $ adf]lhd /f]Ssf /fVg jf lgoGq0fdf lng
-r_ sf]if eGgfn] bkmf @@ adf]lhdsf] s;"/hGo tbf?vtfsf;fy vf]htnf; tyf klxrfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
;DklQ Joj:yfkg sf]if ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg
-5_ tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd eGgfn] o; vf]htnf; tyf klxrfg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd
P]g adf]lhd ag]sf] lgoddf tf]lsPsf] x'g]5 .
jftf]lsPadf]lhd;Demg'k5{ .
$= /f]Ssf /fVg' jf lgoGq0fdf lng' kg]{ M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf
-h_ lgbf]{if t];|f] JolQm -af]gfkmfO8 y8{ kf6L{_ h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s;"/sf]
eGgfn] s;"/df ;+nUg g/x]sf] JolQm jf lgsfo cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu
;Demg' k5{ . ;DalGwt ;fwg jf ;f] ePsf] z+sf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/
-em_ ljefu eGgfn] bkmf !# adf]lhdsf] s;"/hGo ePsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg hf];'s}sf] gfd, ef]u, :jfldTj jf s'g}
;DklQ Joj:yfkg ljefu ;Demg' k5{ . klg k|sf/sf] xs jf lxt /x] ePsf] eP tfklg tTsfn /f]Ssf
-`_ JolQm eGgfn] k|fs[lts JolQm jf sfg"gL /fVg jf lgoGq0fdf lng;Sg]5 .
JolQm ;Demg' k5{ . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ;DklQ jf ;fwg
-6_ ;DklQ eGgfn] ef}lts jf cef}lts, rn jf n'sfPsf], pkef]u u/]sf], lgM;u{ u/]sf] -l8:kf]lh;g_ jf cGo
crn, d"t{ jf cd"t{ h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] ;DklQ s'g} sf/0fn] /f]Ssf /fVg jf lgoGq0fdf lng g;lsg] ePdf
jf s'g} d"No ePsf] j:t' jf pks/0f ;Demg' cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s;"/ u/]sf] zf nfu]sf] JolQmsf] To:tf]
k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;f] pk/ xs, lxt, bfaL jf ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] k|rlnt d"No a/fa/ x'g ;Sg] cGo ;DklQ
clwsf/ :yflkt ug]{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf]
-93_
93_ -94_
94_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
/f]Ssf /fVg' jf lgoGq0fdf lng' -*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePdf
kg]{5 . cbfntn] ;f] ;DaGwdf cGo cfjZos / pko'Qm cfb]z lbg
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;Sg]5 .
/f]Ssf /fVg] jf lgoGq0fdf lng] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] %= lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg a'emfpg' kg]{ M -!_
b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 M s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf lgoGq0fdf
-s_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg cfkm}n] lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg dWo] bzL k|df0fsf] ?kdf cbfntdf
lgoGq0fdf lng] jf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L k]z ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ jf ;fwg afx]ssf] cGo ;DklQ jf ;fwg
lgsfo dfkm{t lgoGq0fdf lng cfb]z sf7df08f}, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ lhNnfsf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]
hf/L ug]{, jf ljefudf / cGo lhNnfsf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf oyfzL3| a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;DalGwt
JolQmnfO{ s'g} ;"rgf glbO{ PstkmL{ -@_ cbfntsf] cfb]z ePdf bzLsf] ?kdf cbfntdf
?kdf /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z hf/L u/L k]z ePsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;d]t ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg] . k|zf;g sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ^= a}df hDdf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf % adf]lhd a'emfOPsf] ;DklQ
;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg n]vL k7fOPsf]df To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg jf ;fwg ljb]zL d'b|f, ljlgd]o clwsf/kq jf ax'd"No wft' jf
lhDdf lng] jf lgoGq0fdf /fVg] JolQm, lgsfo jf ;+:yfn] ;f] j:t' ePdf ljefun] eP g]kfn /fi6 a}df / lhNnf k|zf;g
;DklQ jf ;fwg s;}n] x:tfGt/0f ug{, lwtf] jf aGws lbg, sfof{non] eP ljefun] tf]lslbPsf] a}df hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
laqmL jf ljt/0f ug{, cGo s'g} sf/f]af/ ug{ jf ;f]af6 nfe -@_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf s;}sf] vftf
lng gkfpg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . /f]Ssf /flvPsf]df To:tf] vftfdf /x]sf] /sdsf] Aofh / ;f]
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf vftfdf hDdf x'g cfpg] cGo /sd ;DalGwt ljQLo ;+:yfn]
/fv]df jf lgoGq0fdf lnPdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] tLglbg leq ;f]xL vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . &= w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{ M s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf
-^_ s;}n] bkmf !! adf]lhd hkmt x'g ;Sg] ;DklQ jf txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] gub tyf ;DklQ
;fwgsf] hkmtdf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} s/f/Lo jf cGo jf ;fwgaf6 k|fKt x'g] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd ljefu jf
bfloTj l;h{gf ug{ vf]h]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf] sfo{ /f]Sg jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu
ul/;s]sf] eP To:tf] sfo{ ab/ u/fpg] ;DaGwdf cfjZos vf]lnPsf] w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 M
sf/jfxL rnfpg] clwsf/ cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 . -s_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lvof nfUg],
-&_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DklQ jf 6'6L km'6L jf ;8LunL hfg] jf cGo
;fwg lgoGq0fdf lnPdf jf /f]Ssf /fv]df ;f] u/]sf]] ldltn] s'g} sf/0fn] xflg gf]S;fgL x'g] eO{
;ftlbg leq ;f] s'/fsf] k|ltj]bg cbfnt ;dIf lbg' kg]{5 . bkmf @! adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL u/L
k|fKt ePsf] /sd, jf
-95_
95_ -96_
96_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-v_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgaf6 s'g} k|s[lt, d"No tyf pknAw eP;Ddsf] cGo ljj/0f ;d]t
cfo:tf k|fKt ePdf To;/L cfo:tf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
afkt k|fKt ePsf] /sd . -#_ kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xfotf k|fKt ug{ o; bkmf
*= ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{ M ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g adf]lhd rnfOPsf] sf/jfxL ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';Gwfg
sfof{non] bkmf % adf]lhd s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf clwsf/Ln] ljefunfO{ lgoldt ?kdf lbg' kg]{5 .
txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ kl/R5]b #
a'emfPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg / ;f] ;DaGwL clen]v tyf
sfuhftx? To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL geP;Dd jf hkmt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;DalGwt wgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ga'emfP;Dd ;'/lIft ?kdf /fVg' !!= ;DklQ jf ;fwg hkmt x'g] M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f
kg]{5 . n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu
(= ljj/0f k7fpg' kg]{ M -!_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s;"/sf] ;DalGwt ;fwg s;"/bf/ jf cGo h'g;'s} JolQm;Fu /x] ePsf]
cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf bkmf $ adf]lhd eP tfklg hkmt x'g]5 .
/f]Ssf /fv]sf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;DaGwL -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ;DklQ jf ;fwg
ljj/0f k|To]s dlxgf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf ;DalGwt lhNnf n'sfPsf], pkef]u u/]sf], lgM;u{ u/]sf], bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -
k|zf;g sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . @_ sf] v08 -u_ jf -3_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf ePsf] jf cGo s'g}
t/ sf7df08f}, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ lhNnfsf cg';Gwfg sf/0fn] hkmt ug{ g;lsg] ePdf s;"/bf/sf] To:tf] ;DklQ jf
clwsf/Ln] To:tf] ljj/0f ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 . ;fwgsf] k|rlnt d"No a/fa/sf] cGo ;DklQ hkmt x'g]5 .
-@_ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd -#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg hkmt ubf{
k|fKt ljj/0f tyf bkmf ^ adf]lhd a}df hDdf u/]sf] ljb]zL cbfntsf] cfb]z jf km};nf clGtd eP kl5 hkmt ul/g]5 .
d'b|f, ljlgd]o clwsf/kq jf ax'd"No wft' jf j:t' ;DaGwL !@= lgbf]{if t];|f] JolQmsf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f M -!_ bkmf !! sf]
ljj/0f / bkmf & adf]lhd w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf u/]sf] /sdsf] pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn]
ljj/0f ljefudf tf]lsP adf]lhd k7fpg' kg]{5 . lgbf]{if t];|f] JolQmsf] sfg"gL clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{5 .
!)= kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwL sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{ M -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgbf]{if t];|f] JolQmsf] sfg"gL
-!_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf bkmf $ clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ cbfntn] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;DklQ jf
adf]lhd lgoGq0fdf lng] jf /f]Ssf /fVg] cfb]z hf/L ePsf] ;fwg hkmt ug]{ 5}g M
;DklQ jf ;fwg ljb]zdf /x] ePsf] hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf -s_ To:tf] JolQm s;"/df ;+nUg ePsf]
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd kf/:kfl/s gb]lvPdf,
sfg"gL ;xfotf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos sf/jfxL rnfpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ s'g} ;DklQ jf ;fwg s;"/af6 k|fKt
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sf/jfxL rnfpFbf cg';Gwfg ePsf] jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]
clwsf/Ln] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg /x] ePsf] 7fpF, To;sf] gb]lvPdf,

-97_
97_ -98_
98_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-u_ s;"/ x'g'eGbf cufj} s;}nfO{ lbPsf] -#_ ljefusf] ;+u7gfTds :j?k / ljefunfO{ cfjZos
;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] xsdf To:tf] kg]{ sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;DklQ jf ;fwg lbFbfsf avt s;"/df -$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
k|of]u x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/f lghnfO{ tfklg ljefusf] :yfkgf geP;Ddsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]
hfgsf/L ePsf] gb]lvPdf, cGo s'g} ljefu jf lgb]{zgfnonfO{ o; P]g adf]lhd ljefun]
-3_ s;"/ x'Fbfsf avt jf s;"/ eO;s]kl5 ug]{ sfd sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
k|fKt u/]sf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] xsdf !$= ljefusf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M o; P]gdf cGoq plNnlvt
To:tf] JolQm s;"/df ;+nUg gb]lvPdf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf cltl/Qm ljefusf] sfd, st{Jo /
/ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg s;"/af6 clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
k|fKt ePsf] jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt
ePsf] s'/f lghnfO{ hfgsf/L ePsf] jf -s_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf]
hfgsf/L x'g ;Sg] dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] l;nl;nfdf /f]Ssf /flvPsf] jf
gb]lvPdf . lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf]
Joj:yfkg ug]{ jf u/fpg],
-#_ hkmt eO;s]sf] s'g} ;DklQ jf ;fwgdf pkbkmf
-@_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf eO{ lgbf]{if t];|f] JolQmsf] sfg"gL -v_ cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf]
clwsf/ ePsf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg l;nl;nfdf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ljb]zL
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbnfO{ lbg]5 . d'b|f, ljlgd]o clwsf/kq, ax'd"No wft'
jf j:t' g]kfn /fi6 a} jf ljefun]
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{ 7xl/Psf] tf]s]sf] a}df ;'/lIft tyf Jojl:yt
;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL eO;s]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf] ?kdf /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg],
;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL x'Fbf k|fKt ePsf] /sd cbfntn]
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbnfO{ lbg]5 . -u_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf]
l;nl;nfdf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ
kl/R5]b $ jf ;fwg bkmf @! adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL
ljefusf] :yfkgf tyf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ug]{ jf u/fpg],
!#= ljefusf] :yfkgf M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ -3_ cbfntsf] cfb]z jf km};nf adf]lhd
tyf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg / lnnfd laqmL hkmt ePsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg k|fKt
;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ Ps s;"/hGo ;DklQ Joj:yfkg ljefusf] ug]{,
:yfkgf ug]{5 . -_ cbfntsf] cfb]z jf km};nf adf]lhd
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] sDtLdf hkmt ePsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf]
/fhkqflt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[tnfO{ ljefusf] k|d'vsf] ?kdf Joj:yfkg ug]{,
sfo{ ug{ dxflgb]{zssf] ?kdf lgo'Qm ug]{5 .

-99_
99_ -100_
100_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-r_ cbfntsf] cfb]z jf km};nf adf]lhd clGtd eP kl5 ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non]
hkmt ePsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg kl/R5]b o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cljnDa lnnfd laqmL ug'{ jf u/fpg'
% adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL ug]{ jf kg]{5 .
u/fpg], -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
-5_ sf]ifsf] n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg], / cbfntsf] cfb]z jf km};nf adf]lhd hkmt x'g] 7xl/Psf]
-h_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ . ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;fj{hlgs lxt, dxTj, ;'/Iff jf cGo s'g}
sf/0fn] lnnfd laqmL ug{ pko'Qm x'g] gb]lvPdf jf To:tf]
!%= w/f}6L vftf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf & sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DklQ jf ;fwg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nflu pkof]uL x'g] b]lvPdf
ljefun] cfjZostf cg';f/ w/f}6L vftfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL gu/L g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;~rfng ug]{ jf u/fpg]5 . ;f]sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug{ jf cGo cfjZos / pko'Qm Joj:yf
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ePsf] ug{ ;Sg]5 .
/sd hkmt ug]{ u/L cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf jf cfb]z clGtd !*= ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] d"Nofg M -!_ cbfntaf6 hkmt x'g]
ePdf To:tf] /sd ljefun] sf]ifdf cfDbfgL afFWg' jf afFWg 7xl/Psf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL ug'{ cl3 ;f]sf] d"No
nufpg' kg]{5 . lgwf{/0f ug{ ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non]
-#_ w/f}6L vftfsf] ;~rfng tyf cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{5 .
adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ ljefuaf6 lnnfd laqmL ul/g] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf]
!^= ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ ljefun] ljb]zL d'n'ssf]] d"Nofg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps d"Nofg ;ldlt /xg]5 M
;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd ug]{ lgsfo;Fu kf/:kl/stfsf cfwf/df -s_ ljefusf] dxflgb]{zs ;+of]hs
;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_ k|ltlglw,dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
-@_ ljefun] o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg sfof{no ;b:o
ug{] ljlw, zt{ tyf k|s[of lgwf{/0f ug{ ;dfg k|s[ltsf sfd
ug]{ ljb]zL d'n'ssf]] lgsfo;Fu cfjZostf cg';f/ cfk;L -u_ k|ltlglw, ;fj{hlgs v/Lb
;dembf/L sfod ug{ ;Sg]5 . cg'udg sfof{no ;b:o
-#_ ljefun] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;dembf/L sfod -3_ k|ltlglw, dxfn]vf lgoGqssf]
u/]df ;f]sf] hfgsf/L oyfzL3| g]kfn ;/sf/, k//fi6 sfof{no ;b:o
dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-_ ljefusf] n]vf k|d'v ;b:o ;lrj
kl/R5]b %
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] d"Nofg ;ldltdf d"Nofg
lnnfd laqmL ;DaGwL Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt lgsfo
!&= ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL ul/g] M -!_ cbfntaf6 hkmt jf ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglwnfO{ ;b:osf] ?kdf cfdGq0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
x'g] 7xl/Psf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg cbfntsf] km};nf jf cfb]z
-101_
101_ -102_
102_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-$_ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 lnnfd laqmL ul/g] -v_ ;DklQ jf ;fwgdf ;f]sf] d"No pNn]v
;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] d"Nofg ug{ k|To]s lhNnfdf b]xfo ePsf]df ;f]xL d"Nosf cfwf/df,
adf]lhdsf] Ps d"Nofg ;ldlt /xg]5 M -u_ ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] aLn lahs km]nf
-s_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;+of]hs k/]df ;f]xL aLn lahssf] cfwf/df,
-v_ lhNnf GofoflwjQmf ;b:o -3_ cfoft ePsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg eP
-u_ txl;nbf/, lhNnf cbfnt ;b:o eG;f/ sfof{nodf a'emfPsf] k|1fkg
kqdf plNnlvt d"Nosf] cfwf/df,
-3_ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs ;b:o ;lrj
-_ ahf/df v/Lb laqmL x'g] ;DklQ jf
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] d"Nofg ;ldltdf ;fwg eP :yfgLo ahf/ d"Nosf]
d"Nofg ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df cfwf/df,
;DalGwt lgsfo jf ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglwnfO{ ;b:osf] ?kdf
cfdGq0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -r_ cGo pko'Qm cfwf/df .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] d"Nofg ;ldltn] -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{ ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] d"Nofg ubf{ lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{ ;'g, rfFbL h:tf ax'd"No wft' jf j:t' /
;DalGwt If]qsf] ljz]if1nfO{ d"Nofg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf z]o/sf] d"Nofg ubf{ cl3Nnf] lbgsf] ahf/ d"Nosf] cfwf/df
cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] d"Nofg ;ldltsf] -#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg d"Nofg ubf{
;lrjfno ljefudf / pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] d"Nofg k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x|f; sL ug'{ kg]{ k|s[ltsf ;DklQ jf
;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] sf]if tyf n]vf ;fwg eP ;f] sf] x|f; sL ;d]t ug'{ kg]{5 .
lgoGqs sfof{nodf /xg]5 . @)= ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ o; P]g
-*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP adf]lhd hkmt ul/Psf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] bkmf !* adf]lhd
tfklg tTsfn ;8LunL hfg] tf]lsPsf ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] d"Nofg u/] kl5 ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g
d"Nofg ljefusf] dxflgb]{zs jf ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf sfof{non] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;fj{hlgs ?kdf lnnfd
clwsf/Ln] ug]{5 . laqmL ug'{ kg]{5 .
!(= ;DklQ jf ;fwg d"Nofg ug]{ cfwf/ M -!_ lnnfd laqmL ug'{ -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;fj{hlgs
kg]{ ;DklQ jf ;fwg d"Nofg ubf{ qmdzM b]xfosf cfwf/df ?kdf lnnfd laqmL ubf{ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] k|s[lt tyf
ug'{ kg]{5 M d"Nosf] cfwf/df ;ft lbgb]lv k}+tL; lbg;Ddsf] ;"rgf
/fli6o:t/sf] kqklqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd d"No tf]lsPsf]
jf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] eP To:tf] d"Nosf t/ bkmf @! adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL
cfwf/df, ubf{ jf krf; xhf/ ?k}FofeGbf sd d"No sfod ePsf] ;DklQ
jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL ubf{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, sf]if tyf
-103_
103_ -104_
104_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no, ;DalGwt sfof{no, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 sfof{non] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg wft'sf] eP sjf8Lsf] ?kdf
tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] sfof{nodf ;"rgf 6fF; u/L lnnfd jf jftf{ u/L pko'Qm ?kdf lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{5 .
laqmL ;DaGwL sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-(_ ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmLsf] nflu pkbkmf -@_
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ul/g] lnnfd laqmLdf jf -&_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ To:tf] ;"rgf ljefusf]
;xefuL x'g rfxg] JolQmn] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] /sd ljefu jf j]a;fO6df ;d]t k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] tf]lslbPsf] w/f}6L vftfdf
hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 . @!= lnnfd laqmL ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf !& df
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf
-$_ ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL ubf{ bkmf !* txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf kl/R5]b@ adf]lhd lgoGq0fdf
adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] d"Nodf g36\g] u/L ;a}eGbf a9L lnOPsf] s'g} ;DklQ jf ;fwg /flv/fVbf lvof nfUg], 6'6L km'6L
d"No saf]n ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . jf ;8LunL hfg] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] xflg gf]S;fgL x'g] ePdf
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf] l hd ;DklQ jf ;fwg ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] s;"/ ;DaGwL
lnnfd laqmL ubf{ lnnfd ;sf/ ug] { JolQmnfO{ d'2f cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf] qmddf /x]sf] eP ;DalGwt
To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg p7fO{ n} h fg ;DklQ jf ;/sf/L jlsnsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ / cbfntdf d'2f k]z eO;s]sf]
;fwgsf] k| s [ l t x] / L tLg lbgb] l v k} + t L; lbg;Ddsf] eP cbfntsf] cg'dlt lnO{ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg hkmt x'g'
Dofb lbg' kg] { 5 . cufj} lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ a9L d"No saf]n ug]{ JolQmn] lnnfd ;sf/ gu/]df -@_ s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf bzL k|df0fsf] ?kdf cbfnt
jf pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] Dofbleq lnnfd ;sf/ ug{ ;dIf k]z ePsf] s'g} ;DklQ jf ;fwg To;} /flv/fVbf lvof
gcfPdf lghn] /fv]sf] w/f}6L hkmt u/L ;f]eGbf 36L bf];|f], nfUg], 6'6L km'6L jf ;8LunL hfg] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] xflg
t];|f] / cfjZostf cg';f/ qmdz M kl5Nnf] a9L d"No saf]n gf]S;fgL x'g] b]v]df cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd
ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lnnfd laqmL ug'{ kg]{5 . laqmL ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -@_, -$_, -%_ jf -^_ adf]lhd lnnfd -#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf ljefu jf
laqmL ;DaGwL sf/jfxL ubf{ ;d]t s;}n] klg lnnfd ;sf/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL ubf{
gu/]df To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] k'gM d"Nofg u/L lnnfd o;} kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
laqmLsf] nflu a9Ldf b'O{ k6s kGw| lbg;DDfsf] Dofb lbO{
;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg lnnfd laqmL
ubf{ k|fKt x'g cfPsf] /sd ;DaGwL tyf cGo tf]lsP
t/ ;jf/L ;fwg lnnfd laqmLsf] nflu ;"rgf k|sfzg adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ljefu jf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non]
ubf{ k|To]s k6s PSsfO{; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ ;DalGwt cbfntnfO{ lnnfd ;sf/ u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq lbg'
kg]{5 . kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd ubf{ ;d]t ;DklQ jf ;fwg
lnnfd laqmL x'g g;s]df ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g
-105_
105_ -106_
106_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
kl/R5]b ^ -s_ ljb]zL cbfntsf] cfb]z jf km};nf
s;"/hGo ;DklQ Joj:yfkg sf]if ;DaGwL Joj:yf adf]lhd hkmt ul/Psf] ;DklQ jf
;fwg lnnfd laqmL u/L k|fKt /sd
@@= s;"/hGo ;DklQ Joj:yfkg sf]if M -!_ kl/R5]b@ adf]lhd ;DalGwt d'n's;Fu afF8kmfF6 ug{,
/f]Ssf /flvPsf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] tyf kl/R5]b#
adf]lhd hkmt ul/Psf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg Joj:yfkg ug{ Ps -v_ w/f}6L afkt hDdf ePsf] ;DklQ
s;"/hGo ;DklQ Joj:yfkg sf]if /xg]5 . tf]lsPadf]lhd ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{
lkmtf{ lbg,
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf
;DklQ /xg]5gM -u_ cbfntsf]cfb]z adf]lhd ;DalGwt
JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ ug{,
-s_ cbfntsf] km};nf jf cfb]z adf]lhd
hkmt ePsf] s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf -3_ ;l~rt sf]ifdf hDdf ug{ .
s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg, -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg g]kfn ;/sf/n] sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sd sfg"gL ;'wf/, s;"/sf]
lnnfd laqmL ubf{, ef8fdf lbFbf jf /f]syfd, lgoGq0f, cg';Gwfg, cleof]hg, Gofo ;Dkfbg tyf
cGo s'g} k|sf/n] Joj:yfkg ubf{ k|fKt ;f] ;DaGwL sfo{df ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf tyf Jofj;flos
/sd, bIftf clea[l4 ug{ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u_ cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd hkmt ePsf] -#_ sf]ifsf] /sd k|of]u ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP
w/f}6L vftfdf /x]sf] /sd, / adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-3_ ljb]zdf hkmt ePsf] eP To:tf] @%= sf]if ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt M -!_ sf]ifsf] ;~rfng
/sdaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps sf]if ;~rfng tyf
cfPsf] /sd . Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /xg]5 M
-#_ sf]ifsf] /sd g]kfn /fi6 a} jf s'g} jfl0fHo a}df -s_ ;lrj, cy{ dGqfno ;+of]hs
vftf vf]nL /flvg]5 . -v_ ;x;lrj, sfg"g, Gofo,
-$_ sf]ifsf] vftf ;~rfng dxflgb]{zs tyf ljefusf] ;+ljwfg ;ef tyf ;+;bLo
n]vf clws[tsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 x'g]5 . dfldnf dGqfno ;b:o
@#= sf]ifsf] n]vf tyf n]vf k/LIf0f M -!_ sf]ifsf] n]vf k|rlnt -u_ ;x;lrj, u[x dGqfno ;b:o
sfg"g adf]lhd /flvg]5 .
-3_ k|ltlglw -k|yd >]0fL_,
-@_ sf]ifsf] n]vf k/LIf0f dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6 x'g]5 .
dxfn]vflgoGqssf] sfof{no ;b:o
@$= sf]ifsf] k|of]u M -!_ sf]ifsf] /sdsf] k|of]u b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M -_ dxflgb]{zs, ljefu ;b:o ;lrj
-107_
107_ -108_
108_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-@_ ;ldltn] cfjZos b]v]df :jb]zL jf ljb]zL kg]{5 / lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] eP ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg'
ljz]if1nfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ko{j]Ifssf] ?kdf efu lng kg]{5 .
cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f cbfntdf bfo/ eO{ ;s]sf]df
-#_ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfk}mn] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg jf lgoGq0fdf lnO/xg
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . cfjZos gb]v]df cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg km's'jf
-$_ ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ljefudf /xg]5 . ul/lbg]5 .
@^= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg km's'jf
clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0f sf7df08f}, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ lhNnfsf
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ljefudf / cGo lhNnfsf cg';Gwfg
-s_ s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf tTsfn lbg'
;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg], lgoGq0fdf lng] tyf hkmt kg]{5 .
ug]{ ;DaGwdf lnOg' kg]{ gLltsf ;DaGwdf
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{, -$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg km's'jf
u/]sf]df cbfntn] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn
-v_ cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd ljb]zdf /x]sf] sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
;DklQ jf ;fwg hkmt x'Fbf jf ljb]zL
cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd g]kfndf /x]sf] -%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ljj/0f k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt
;DklQ jf ;fwg hkmt ubf{ k|fKt ;DklQsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] tyf pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ljj/0f
afF8kmfF6 ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{, k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{non] ;f]sf] ljj/0f
ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-u_ sf]if ;~rfngtyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu
cfjZos sfo{ljlwtyf dfkb08 agfpg], / @*= lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf]
l;nl;nfdf kl/R5]b@ adf]lhd ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf ePsf]
-3_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ . jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf]df ;f]af6 dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn] To:tf]
kl/R5]b & ;DklQ jf ;fwg km's'jf ul/kfpg ;DalGwt cbfntdf lgj]bg
ljljw lbg ;Sg]5 .
@&= ;DklQ jf ;fwg k'ms'jf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ kl/R5]b@ adf]lhd -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df / /f]Ssf /x]sf]
/f]Ssf /flvPsf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg lgj]bssf] ;DklQ
s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg ePsf] ePsf] b]lvPdf / b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg ePdf cbfntn]
gb]lvPdf jf To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgdf lgbf]{if t];|f] JolQmsf] To;/L /f]Ssf /fv]sf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] To:tf] ;DklQ jf
sfg"gL clwsf/ ePsf] b]lvPdf s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf d'2f bfo/ ;fwg km's'jf ug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M
eO{ g;s]sf] jf bfo/ gx'g] ePdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] -s_ lgj]bs To:tf] s;"/df ;+nUg ePsf]
;/sf/L jlsnsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf gb]lvPdf, /
/flvPsf] eP km's'jf ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg'
-109_
109_ -110_
110_
v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-v_ To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgs;"/af6 k|fKt hLjgofkg ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg{] ;DklQ pknAw u/fpg
;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
ePsf] jf zf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z ePdf b]xfo
gePdf . adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 M
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePdf s;"/ ;DaGwL -s_ s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f cbfntdf bfo/ eOg;s]sf]
d'2f cbfntdf bfo/ eOg;s]sf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ eP cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] /f]Ssf ePsf]
jf ;fwg ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf bkmf ;DklQaf6 cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ
% adf]lhd a'emfOg;s]sf] eP cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] /f]Ssf jf ;fwg km's'jf ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
/fv]sf]] ;DklQ jf ;fwg tTsfn km's'jf ul/lbg' kg]{5 / -v_ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ cg';Gwfg
lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ clwsf/Ln] bkmf % adf]lhd ljefu jf lhNnf
lbg' kg]{5 . k|zf;g sfof{nodf a'emfO;s]sf] eP ljefu jf
t/ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] tyf
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf a'emfO;s]sf] eP ljefu jf lhNnf a'emfO g;s]sf] eP cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]
k|zf;g sfof{non] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg tTsfn ;DalGwt cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg
JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 . lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
@(= hkmt ;DklQsf] afF8kmfF6 M o; P]g adf]lhd hkmt x'g] 7x/]sf] -u_ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg bkmf @!
ljb]zdf /x]sf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg tyf s'g} b]zsf] ;Ifd adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL u/L ;f]af6 k|fKt /sd
cbfntsf] clGtd lg0f{o adf]lhd hkmt x'g] 7x/]sf] g]kfndf w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ul/Psf] eP jf ljb]zL
/x]sf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] afF8kmfF6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf g]kfn d'b|f jf ljlgd]o clwsf/ kq jf a'xd"No wft'
;/sf/ tyf ;DalGwt d''n'saLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd jf j:t' a}df hDdf ul/Psf] eP ljefu jf
x'g]5 . ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] cbfntsf]
t/ To:tf] ;Demf}tf gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfb]z adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . #!= ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] pko'Qm Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ s;"/sf]
#)= Go"gtd vr{ lbg ;lsg] M -!_ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf] l;nl;nfdf /f]Ssf /flvPsf] jf
txlssft ubf{ jf d'2fsf] sf/afxL ubf{ s'g} JolQmsf] ;Dk"0f{ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgaf6 cfo:tf k|fKt x'g] jf
;DklQ o; P]g adf]lhd /f]Ssf ePsf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] x'g ;Sg] b]lvPdf ljefun] To:tf] ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] pko'Qm
/x]5 / lgh / lgh;Fu cfl>t JolQmsf] hLjgofkgsf] nflu ?kdf Joj:yfkg ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
csf{] s'g} pkfo jf ;|f]t /x]g5 eg] lgh / lgh;Fu cfl>t -@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljefun] To:tf]
JolQmsf] dfgjf]lrt hLjg ofkgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd\ ;DklQ jf ;fwg tf]lsP adf]lhd ef8fdf nufpg, lnhdf lbg
;DklQ km's'jf ul/lbg jf To;/L /f]Ssf /x]sf] jf lgoGq0fdf jf v]tL u/fpg jf cfo:tf cfpg] sfddf nufpg ;Sg]5 .
lnOPsf] ;DklQ dWo]af6 To:tf JolQmnfO{ Go"gtd kdf

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v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
-#_ /f]Ssf /flvPsf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] ;DklQ jf #^= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M ljefun] o; P]g adf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt
;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd clwsf/ dWo] s]xL clwsf/ cg';Gwfg clwsf/L tyf g]kfn
x'g]5 . ;/sf/sf] s'g} lgsfo jf clws[tnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
#@= ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf #&= k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ljefun] k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt
s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg /f]Ssf jf lgoGq0f ;DaGwL sfd ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq cfkm"n] u/]sf sfd, sf/jfxL
sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] cfjZostf ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
cg';f/ :yfgLo k|zf;g tyf k|x/Lsf] ;xof]u dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf jif{e/L /f]Ssf
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;xof]u dfu u/]df tTsfn /flvPsf, lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf tyf cbfntaf6 hkmt x'g] u/L
;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt :yfgLo k|zf;g tyf k|x/Lsf] cfb]z jf km};nf ePsf ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
st{Jo x'g]5 . hkmt eO{ sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] ;DklQ jf ;fwg ;DaGwL
##= afwf lj/f]w ug]{nfO{ ;hfo M -!_ s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf ljj/0f, bkmf @( adf]lhd afF8kmfF6 ePsf] /sd ;DaGwL
s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg /f]Ssf jf lgoGq0f ;DaGwL sfd ljj/0f tyf ;DklQ jf ;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg], lgoGq0fdf lng] jf
sf/afxLdf s;}n] afwf lj/f]w u/]df jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] hkmt ug]{ ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfox?
lbPsf] cfb]z kfngf gu/]df lghnfO{ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf] ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] 5 dlxgf;Dd s}b jf #*= o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g] M -!_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f
b'O{nfv ?k}of;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j} ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 . n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] P]g k|f/De eP kl5 s;"/af6 k|fKt
-@_ kl/R5]b% adf]lhd ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ jf ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg /f]Ssf, lgoGq0f tyf
ljefuaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] sfd sf/jfxLdf afwf lj/f]w ug]{nfO{ hkmt ;DaGwL Joj:yf o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
ljefusf] dxflgb]{zsn] krf; xhf/ ?k}Fof;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ t/ of] P]g k|f/De x'g' cufj} ePsf] s;"/sf ;DaGwdf
;Sg]5 . To:tf] s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwgsf]
#$= ljefuLo ;hfo M s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt /f]Ssf, lgoGq0f tyf hkmt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;fwg /f]Ssf /fVg] jf lgoGq0fdf lng] ;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ -@_ k|rlnt sfg"gdf s'g} s;"/df ;hfo x'Fbf To:tf]
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] hfgL hfgL s;}nfO{ b'Mv x}/fgL jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;DklQ, dfnj:t' jf ;fwg ;DalGwt
emGem6 lbg] lgotn] s'g} sfd sf/afxL u/]df k|rlnt sfg"gdf JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] jf ;f]af6 kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg] Joj:yf
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ePsf] /x]5 eg] of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 To:tf] s;"/sf
clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo ;hfo ug'{ kg]{5 . ;DaGwdf s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt
#%= g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] M o; P]gdf cGoq ;fwgaf6 klg k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g} lkmtf{ jf Ifltk"lt{
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd lbg' kg]{5 .
hkmt ePsf ;DklQ jf ;fwgsf] k|of]usf ;DaGwdf g]kfn -#_ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;/sf/n] cfjZos / pko'Qm Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . hkmt eO{ lnnfd laqmL ;DaGwL k|s[of ;'? gePsf jf lnnfd
laqmL x'g g;s]sf ;DklQ dfnj:t' jf ;fwg / ;f] ;DaGwL

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v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@ v08 ^#_ cltl/Qmf #@ g]kfn /fhkq efu @ ldlt @)&).!@.!@
cBfjlws ljj/0f ;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] ljefu jf
;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ of] P]g k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssftsf]
l;nl;nfdf /f]Ssf /fv]sf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] ;DklQ,
dfnj:t' jf ;fwg / ;f] ;DaGwL cBfjlws ljj/0f ;DalGwt
lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] ljefu jf ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftsf/L s[ofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL
;DaGwL s;"/sf ;DaGwdf s;"/af6 k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu
;DalGwt ;fwgsf] /f]Ssf, lgoGq0f tyf hkmt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;f] ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ /f]Ssf /flvPsf] jf lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] s;"/af6
k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwgsf] ;DaGwdf o;
P]gsf] bkmf % / ( sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
#(= cGo s'/fdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] M o; P]gdf s;"/af6
k|fKt ;DklQ jf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fwgsf] /f]Ssf tyf
lgoGq0f ;DaGwdf plNnlvt sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ afx]s
s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssft ug{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo jf clwsf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf
cGo Joj:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$)= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/n] cfjZos lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .
$!= lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;Sg] M of] P]g tyf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgb]{lzsf
agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
cf1fn],
e]if/fh zdf{
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrj
k|df0fLs/0f ldlt M @)&).!@.!@
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