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Kinds of Poetry: 1-Pastrol

The document defines and provides examples of different types of poetry including pastoral, lyrical, sonnet, epic, ballad, and haiku. It also outlines poetic terms such as prosody, stanza, and rhyme. Finally, it discusses various figures of speech like simile, metaphor, metonymy, personification, and irony. The types of poetry are defined by their subject matter, structure, intended use, or origin while the poetic terms and figures of speech describe elements of language and style used in poetry.

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386 views3 pages

Kinds of Poetry: 1-Pastrol

The document defines and provides examples of different types of poetry including pastoral, lyrical, sonnet, epic, ballad, and haiku. It also outlines poetic terms such as prosody, stanza, and rhyme. Finally, it discusses various figures of speech like simile, metaphor, metonymy, personification, and irony. The types of poetry are defined by their subject matter, structure, intended use, or origin while the poetic terms and figures of speech describe elements of language and style used in poetry.

Uploaded by

hodhod2
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kinds of poetry

1-Pastrol
The complexity of human problems could be reduced to its
simplest elements. The shepherds & the shepherdesses are 2
imagined as having no worries, & they live in an ideal climate with
no series problems. Love, death & the enjoyment of the beauty of
nature are their only preoccupations & they busy themselves with
making songs about them.
2-Lyrical
An ancient Greece, this was the kind of poem that could be sung to
a lyre & in modern English, lyric poetry covers most forms of short
poetry whether or not intended to be sung.
3-The Sonnet
It is a lyric stanza; it consists of fourteen lines and follows an
elaborate rhyme scheme of iambic pentameter.
There are two kinds of sonnets:
A-The Italian sonnet
This sonnet is divided into one octave (octet) (8 lines) and a sestet
(6 lines). The octave (octet) deals with the problem, the sestet
includes its solution, the octave is rhyming (a b b a, a b b a) the
sestet is rhyming (c d e, c d e)
B-The English (Shakespearian) sonnet
This sonnet is divided into 3 quatrains followed by a couplet. The
quatrains deals with the problem, the couplet includes the solution,
the rhyme is (a b a b, c d c d, e f e f, g g)
4-Epic
A long, dignified narrative poem which gives the account of a hero
important to his nation or race.
5-Ballad
Simple, narrative verse which tells a story to be sung or recited: the
folk ballad is anonymously handed down, while the literary ballad
has a single author.
6-Haiku
Japanese verse in three lines of five, seven, and five syllables, often
(Give a description of) depicting a delicate image.
Poetic Terms
1-Poem
Its an idea expressed through regular units, its a creation based on
form and meaning
2-Prosody
It is the study of form in poetry; it deals with meter, rhyme, rhythm
etc...
3-The stanza
A poem consists of a certain length; the stanza is a group of verse
lines and is considered an independent unit
4-Rhyme
It is the identity of sounds between two words extending from the
last accented vowel to the end of the word. (Fair - chair)
It doesnt include the consonant coming before the last vowel

Figures of speech
1-Simile
It is a comparison between two different items, referring to certain
similarity between them, we use like, such, and as i.e.: her
feeling is like a piece of ice
2-Metaphor
It is a comparison between two different items trying to convince
you that they are the same, we dont use like or as or such. i.e.:
he is a lion
3-Metonymy
In metonymy, the name of some thing is applied to another one
with which it is closely associated.
i.e.: the crown spoke loudly
The crown here stands for the king.
4-Personification
This figure means to attribute a human quality to an abstract idea
or an inanimate object. i.e.: the pen smiled in my hand
5-Ambiguity
This is when a word or a phrase or a sentence has more than one
meaning ei his designs upset her
6-Homonyms
This occurs when two words have the same spelling and the same
pronunciation i.e.:
A mole: a small animal.
A mole: a spot on the skin.
7-Homophones
When two words have the same pronunciation but they have
different spelling i.e.:
-Red -read

8-Paradox
It means a contradiction, it is a statement that seems absurd or self
contradictory, yet when examined is found true i.e.:war is peace
9-Oxymoron
It is a clear contradiction between an adjective and its noun or an
adverb and the word it modifies i.e.: that lie is true
10-Irony
A figure in which the real meaning is to some extent canceled
under language of opposite meaning
i.e.: you are in a good temper today, arent you?
(In this sentence the speaker means the opposite)
11-Periphrasis
In this figure the poet uses a number of words instead of one word
i.e.: the eye of the sky = the sun

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