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Revision Notes
Chemistry
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Revision Notes on Chemistry in
Everyday Life:
Drugs:
Drugs Description Examples
Analgesics Relieve or decreases the pain without Asprin, Analgin, seridon etc.
causing unconsciousness. These are
also known as Pain Killers.
Tranquizers/ These are used for treatment of mental Equanil, Calmpose, Tofranil,
Antidepressants diseases. Barbituric Acid, Cocaine and
Iproniazids etc..
Antiseptics They are applied on living tissues to Dettol, Savlon and Acriflavin etc.
kill or prevent the growth of micro-
organisms.
Disinfectants These are applied on floor, instruments Phenol
or wall etc. to kill microorganisms but
are not safe for application on living
tissues.
Antimicrobial These are use to either kill Salvarsan, Prontosil,
(bactericidal) or stop the growth of Sulphanilamide,
diseases causing microorganisms.
(bacteriostatic). Bacteriostatic Drugs: Erythromycin,
Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol
Bactericidal Drugs: Ofloxacin,
Aminoglycosides.
Antipyretics These drugs bring down the body Paracetamol, Analgin and Novalgin.
temperature during fever.
Antifertility Drugs Prevent pregnancy in women by Norethindrone & Mestranol
controlling menstrual cycle and
ovulation.
Antacids Used for the treatment of acidity. Eno, & Milk of magnesia
[Mg(OH)2]
Metal hydroxides are generally used as
antacids.
Antibiotics These are the chemical substances Penicillin, Amoxicillin and
which are produced by micro Ampicillin.
organisms like bacteria and fungi and
are able to kill or stop the growth of
pathogenic microorganisms.
Antihistamins These drugs compete with histamine Brompheniramine & Terfenadine
for finding sites of receptors and thus
interfere with the natural action of
histamine.
Artificial Sweetening Agents
Food preservatives:
These are the chemical substances which prevent undesirable changes
in flavor, colour, texture of the food during processing and storage of
food.
Examples, Table salt, sugar, vegetable oils, sodium benzoate (C6H5COONa) etc
Cleansing Agents
Soaps:
Sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids.
Soaps do not work with hard water as it forms insoluble salts with calcium
and magnesium ions present in hard water.
Detergents:
Sodium or potassium salts of sulphonic acids. These can work with hard water
also.
Anionic Detergents: Sodium Slats of sulphonated long chain alcohols or
hydrocarbons
Cationic Detergents: Quaternary ammonium salts of ammines with acetates,
chlorates or bromates.
Non-Ionic Detergents: Do not contain any ion.
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