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Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant penicillin antibiotic used to treat infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis through binding to penicillin-binding proteins. Cloxacillin has time-dependent killing and is administered orally, with a bioavailability of 50% and half-life of 0.5 hours. Common adverse effects include hematologic issues, seizures, and increases in liver enzymes. It is dosed at 250-500mg orally every 6 hours in adults and weight-based dosing in pediatrics. Precautions include hypersensitivity reactions and drug interactions that can decrease contraceptive effectiveness or anticoagulation.

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257 views1 page

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant penicillin antibiotic used to treat infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis through binding to penicillin-binding proteins. Cloxacillin has time-dependent killing and is administered orally, with a bioavailability of 50% and half-life of 0.5 hours. Common adverse effects include hematologic issues, seizures, and increases in liver enzymes. It is dosed at 250-500mg orally every 6 hours in adults and weight-based dosing in pediatrics. Precautions include hypersensitivity reactions and drug interactions that can decrease contraceptive effectiveness or anticoagulation.

Uploaded by

Andrew Handisurya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cloxacillin

Antibiotic Class:
Penicillin (penicillinase-resistant penicillin)

Antimicrobial Spectrum:
Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcal spp.

Mechanism of Action:
Exerts bactericidal activity via inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding one or more
of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Exerts bacterial autolytic effect by inhibition of certain
PBPs related to the activation of a bacterial autolytic process.

Pharmacodynamics:
Penicillins produce time-dependent killing

Pharmacokinetics:
Cmax: 7.5-14mcg/ml; Oral bioavailability: 50%; Half- life: 0.5 hours; Table 6

Adverse Effects:
Hematologic: neutropenia, inhibition of platelet aggregation
CNS: seizures
Hepatic: transient increases in transaminases
Other: Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction (fever, chills, sweating, tachycardia, hyperventilation,
flushing, and myalgia)

Dosage:
Adult: 250-500mg po q6h
Pediatric: > 1 month and < 20 kg: 50-100 mg/kg/day po in 4 divided doses
20 kg: usual adult dose

Disease state based dosing: No information

Contraindications/Warnings/Precautions:
Contraindications: Anaphylaxis to cloxacillin or other penicillins
Precautions: Cephalosporin hypersensitivity

Drug Interactions:
Contraceptives - decreased contraceptive effectiveness
Live Typhoid Vaccine - decreased immunological response to the typhoid vaccine
Probenecid - increased cloxacillin levels
Warfarin - decreased anticoagulant effectiveness

Pregnancy:
Category B: No evidence of risk in humans but studies inadequate.

Monitoring Requirements:
Therapeutic: Culture and sensitivities, signs and symptoms of infection
Toxic: Periodic CBC, urinalysis, BUN, SCr, AST and ALT

Brand names/Manufacturer: Available by many names and manufacturers

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