International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P) Volume-7, Issue-8, August 2017
LTE-Advanced System Based On MIMO-OFDM For
Rayleigh Channel
Ratnesh Patel, Dr. Agya Mishra
Abstract This paper presents a model which is MIMO channel matrix on a subcarrier basis and thus simplify the
Channel based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing implementation of a MIMO scheme. The MIMO-OFDM
system for LTE-Advanced system. MIMO-OFDM system basics are described in[1]. By combining MIMO and OFDM
evolved as one of the main features of LTE-Advanced. OFDM in LTE-A its can support more antennas and larger
with cyclic prefix (CP)is a key element for LTE-Advanced to
bandwidths, which is an advantage to increase data rate. The
reduce intersymbol interference(ISI). The performance of the
proposed model is done in terms of bit error rate(BER) for
increasing popularity of this technique is its spectral
rayleigh channel. The experimental results shows better efficiency and higher data rates [8].
performance for BPSK and 16QAM.
In MIMO-OFDM system, IFFT is used at transmitter side
Index Terms BER, CYCLIC PREFIX, , INTERLEAVER, and FFT is used at receiver side to generate orthogonal
ISI, LTE-ADVANCED, MIMO, OFDM, EbNo, RAYLEIGH subcarriers. In this system, cyclic prefix is added to data
CHANNEL. before transmission through channel to combat ISI. The
purpose of using cyclic prefix is to increase the delay spread
of a channel. Some of the advantages to be highlighted are its
I. INTRODUCTION high spectral efficiency; reduction in impulse noise and
LTE-A system, which is being standardized in 3GPP as part robustness to ISI. The use of cyclic prefix reduces the
of LTE Release 10 (evolved Universal Mobile efficiency of system. The transmission over wireless channel
Telecommunications System [UMTS] terrestrial radio access causes ICI and ISI. The ISI results from time dispersion
network [EUTRAN]), aims at fulfilling or exceeding the nature of multipath propagation and ICI from frequency
requirements for International Mobile Telecommunications dispersion caused by Doppler shift[5]. In this paper the
Advanced(IMT-A) as set by International performance of conventional based OFDM system with
Telecommunication Union-Radio communication MIMO-OFDM LTE-A system using different modulation
Sector(ITU-R). With the increasing need for mobile techniques like BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM is presented.
communication services for large number of users, the 3GPP The paper is organized as follows: Section II briefly
LTE-Advanced system has proposed technologies e.g., describes the OFDM system for LTE Advance model. In
enhanced MIMO, that can provide higher spectral efficiency Section III discussed the MIMO principle. Section IV
with effective transmission. To provide a higher capacity, presents the LTE-ADVANCED system. Section V presents
LTE evolves to LTE-Advanced mainly by increasing the peak the simulation results and minimum BER analysis of the
data rate, the spectral efficiency and the number of proposed model and compared with existing 4G
simultaneously active subscribers and improving the usage of communication system. Section VI concludes the paper.
MIMO techniques and the performance at cell edges. The
starting point of LTE-Advanced is the Release 10, however II. OFDM SYSTEM
the LTE/LTE-Advanced technology is continuously Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a
enhanced by adding new techniques and improving existing multicarrier modulation technique in which the spectrum of
ones. Indeed the enhancements for LTE-Advanced continues the subcarriers overlap on each other. Orthogonality is
on Releases 11 and 12, and nowadays, the evolution of maintained among the subcarriers in OFDM. Orthogonal
specifications is moving towards Fifth Generation of Mobile frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique was
Communications Technology (5G)[1]. To achieve peak data adopted in LTE-A since it is a promising tool for combating
rates required by IMT-Advanced, MIMO-OFDM evolved as the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI). Subcarriers has fixed
one of the main features of LTE-Advanced. MIMO-OFDM number of cycles in a time interval and also number of cycles
system is a combination of MIMO and OFDM technologies. through which individual next subcarriers differs is one [3].
MIMO is an smart antenna technology which uses multiple Input data is mapped into the complex plane using some
antennas at both the receiver and transmitter side. The MIMO modulation technique. The mapped data is transformed from
technique in combination with OFDM has been shown as a serial format to parallel format and inverse transform is
good approach for high spectral efficiency wideband systems. applied on the parallel data to generate OFDM symbols.
The fading process experienced by each subcarrier is close to After normalizing all the OFDM IFFT symbols, the
frequency, and therefore, it can be modeled as a constant mathematical discrete-time representation for these symbols
complex gain. This consideration allows to obtain the MIMO is:
Ratnesh Patel, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication,
Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, India
Dr. Agya Mishra, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, The parallel data is then converted to serial format and
Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, India
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LTE-Advanced System Based On MIMO-OFDM
cyclic prefix is appended. At the receiver side, the received
OFDM data symbols converted to the time domain by using
the FFT [3]:
The data transmitted is impaired by the channel. The
receiver functions to receive the data and performs the inverse
operations on it.
III. MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT (MIMO)
MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) is an smart antenna
technology in which multiple antennas is used at both side.
With the multiple antennas it is easy to combine information
from various signals thus improving data and speed integrity
and also to mitigate errors by increasing transmission rate. Fig.-1: Block diagram of MIMO transmitter and receiver
The MIMO technology is a very effective method of
increasing the capacity of the channel and system [7]. MIMO
diagram is shown in Fig. 1. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
was adopted in LTE-Advanced to counter the Inter-Symbol
IV. LTE-ADVANCED MODEL Interference (ISI). The Cyclic prefix is appended to the
OFDM symbol after the IFFT to mitigate the ISI effects. The
The physical connection of our system is illustrated as the channel is used as MIMO channel. The rest of the reception
block diagram in Fig. 2. process is straightforward, since it is just the reverse of the
The information bits are transmitted by Bernoulli binary one having taken place at the transmitter, as described above.
generator with 20 samples per frame, encoder comprises of Fourier based OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique
CRC generator and initially encoded by the Turbo encoder which generates orthogonal subcarriers. This implements the
with a data rate equal to 1/3. The encoded bits are then rectangular window which creates high side lobes which is
interleaved. LTE-Advanced supports a various modulation one of the cause of ICI.
and coding, and can be applied depending upon the channel
condition. The encoded data stream is modulated with
modulation schemes, namely BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and
64-QAM
DATA ENCODER INTERLEAVER MODULATOR IFFT ADD CP P/S
SOURCE
MIMO
CHANNEL
SINK DECODER DEINTERLEAVER DEMODULATOR FFT REMOVE CP P/S
Fig.-2: Block diagram of LTE-ADVANCED SYSTEM
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International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P) Volume-7, Issue-8, August 2017
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
A. BER Analysis of LTE-Advanced Model
In this section we present simulation results to evaluate the
performance of the designed MIMO-OFDM LTE-Advanced
transceiver. The measure used to assess and evaluate the
performance is the achieved bit error rates (BER) for the
different proposed modulators. Table. I-II shows the BER
results for BPSK modulator and corresponding plot are
shown in Fig. (3-4).
TABLE I. BER RESULTS FOR BPSK MODULATORS
Eb/No(in dB) BER Fig: - 4 : Eb/No Vs BER for 16QAM
B. Eb/No Vs BER for different Modulator
1 0.5
The transceiver performance in terms of bit error rate
2 0.45
(BER) versus Eb/No for BPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, QPSK
3 0.41 modulation formats, respectively are presented here. Fig. 5
4 0.35 show the results and are self explanatory and clearly show the
performance ,as Eb/No increases bit error rate decreases.
5 0.3
6 0.26
7 0.17
8 0.09
9 0.0065
Fig: -5: Eb/No Vs BER for different modulators
C. Comparison of LTE-Advanced with Existing LTE system
The performance evaluation for the Single Channel
MIMO-OFDM system with different modulation is
experimented and compared with reference model[2]. The
proposed model is designed for 20 samples per frame and
using a turbo code generator of rate 1/3 with rayleigh channel
and observed better BER of 0.0092 at 5db SNR for BPSK and
BER of 0.0065 at 9db SNR for 16QAM as shown in Table III.
Fig: - 3: Eb/No Vs BER for BPSK
TABLE III. MINIMUM BER COMPARISION
TABLE II. BER RESULTS FOR 16QAM MODULATORS Modulator Minimum
System Name Eb/No
used BER
Eb/No(in dB) BER Proposed Model 0.0065
1 0.08 9 16 QAM
Reference
0.02
2 0.057 Model [2]
3 0.037 Proposed Model 0.0092
BPSK
4 0.02 5
Reference
0.012
5 0.0092 Model [2]
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LTE-Advanced System Based On MIMO-OFDM For Rayleigh Channel
VI. CONCLUSION
This paper concludes with the successful implementation
of single channel MIMO-OFDM LTE-Advanced system. Bit
error rate (BER) is used for measuring performance. We used
four different modulators namely, BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM,
64QAM.Results shows that as we increase EbNo then BER
decreases. The experimental results shows better performance
for BPSK and 16QAM at 5db and 9db.Multiple transmitter
and receiver can be used in future to extend this paper work.
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[6] Binu Mathew, Poppy George, Rashmi V Nathan, Siyana Shukkor,
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[7] Vijay Kumar Kol, Agya Mishra, "Discrete Wavelet Transform based
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Ratnesh Patel was born in Jabalpur, India on june 4,
1991. He received the B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication
Engineering from Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences
(GGITS), Jabalpur, India, in 2013. He is currently pursuing the M.E. degree
in Communication Systems from Jabalpur Engineering College (JEC),
Jabalpur, India. His research interest includes communication system and
digital signal, telecommunication and next generation communication
models.
Dr. Agya Mishra is working as a assistant professor
in Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jabalpur
Engineering College (JEC), Jabalpur, India. She received the Ph.D. degree in
Artificial Intelligence and Adaptive Filtering in 2012 and M Tech. degree in
digital communication in 2001 both from Maulana Azad National Institute
of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, India. She did B.E. degree in Electronics
and Communication Engineering from Government Engineering College,
Ujjain (M.P.), India in 1994. Her research interest includes digital image
and signal processing, computational intelligence and wavelet transform
applications etc.
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