International Journal of ChemTech Research
CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555
Vol.10 No.10, pp 449-458, 2017
Neutrosophic Pre-open Sets and Pre-closed Sets in
Neutrosophic Topology
V. Venkateswara Rao1*,Y. Srinivasa Rao2
1
Mathematics Division, Department of S&H, Chirala Engineering College, Chirala-523
157, India
2
Mathematics Division, Department of S&H, Loyola Institute of Technology and
Management, Sattenapalli, India
Abstract : The purpose of this article is to extend some more topics of topology in
neutrosophic topology. Eerily introduce neutrosophic topological space and open sets, closed
sets, semi-open and semi closed sets, now in this manuscript we extend up to neutrosophic
pre-open and pre-closed (NPO and NPC).
Keywords : Neutrosophic set, Neutrosophic Topology, Neutrosophic pre-open set,
Neutrosophic pre-closed set.
1.1Introduction:
Neutrosophictechnique is a special technique is based on Neutrosophy. This theory developed by
“FlorentinSmarandache“in 1995. In Neutrosophy consider every notion or idea is together with A , Anti-A
and Neut-A here Anti-A is the opposite or negation of A , Neut-A is the field of
“neutralities”.Neutrosophic method is derived fromFuzzy logic or in intuitionistic Fuzzy logic. The first book
was published on Neutrosophy as a title of book is Neutrosophy probability, set and logic in 1998. 1 ,
Rehoboth. The word Neutrosophy introduced from Latin “neuter” – neutral, Greek “Sophia”- skill/wisdom.
Neutrosophy means sill on neutrals. The main task of this study is to apply neutrosophic method to the general
theory of relativity, aiming to discover new hidden effects. Here it’s why we decided to employ neutrosophic
method in this field. Neutrosophic method means to find common features to uncommon entities. T, I, F are
called neutrosophic components will represent the truth value, indeterminacy value and false hood value
respectively referring to neutrosophic methods.
1.2 Notations:
A Proposition
NON-A Not A
Anti-A Opposite of A
Neut-A Neither A nor Anti-A
A Aversion of A
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1.3 Remark:
NON-A is different to Anti-A .
Example 1.1:
A pink , Anti - A = yellow But NON-A =green, red, blue…etc any colour exp ect pink Neut-A
=green, red, blue…etc any colour exp ect pink and yellow . A’ = any shade of pink.
1.4Remark: Between an idea A and its opposite Anti- A there is a continuum power spectrum of
neutralities Neut- A . Neutrosophic theory was studied in neutrosophic metric space, smooth topological
spaces, arithmetic operations, rough sets, neutrosophic geometry, and neutrosophic probability….etc. Now, in
natural way make longer neutrosophic theory in neutrosophic pre-open and pre-closed set and neutrosophic
topological space.
1.5 Neutrosophic logic:
A logic in which each proposition is estimated to have the percentage of truth in subset T the
percentage of indeterminacy in subset I and percentage of falsity in a subset F where T, I, F are defined above
is called neutrosophic logic. T, I, F Truth values where T, I, F are standard or non-standard subsets of non-
standard interval 0,1 , where
ninf =inf T +inf I+inf F 0 And n sup =sup T +sup I+sup F 3 .they are many neutrosophic rules of
inference[2].
The degree of membership to - A M , degree of non-membership-to - A N , such that M+N 1
when M+N=1 one obtain the fuzzy set, and if M+N<1 there is an indeterminacy I=1-M-N .Zadeh et. al.
3 fuzzy set theory as a mathematical tool in 1965 for dealing with uncertainties where each element had
each element had degree of membership acquire form [4-7].
The intuitionistic fuzzy set was introduced y Atanassov in 1983 4 as a generalization of fuzzy set
where besides the degree of membership and the degree non-membership of each element. The neutrosophic set
was introduced by Smarandache and explained neutrosophic set is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy set. In
2012 Salama,Alblow 5 introduced the concept of topological space. In 2016 introduced the concept of
neutrosophic semi-open sets in neutrosophic topological space by p.Ishwarya and dr.k.Bageerathi.
Currently, in this manuscript we recall the neutrosophic pre-open sets and neutrosophic per-closed in
neutrosophic topological spaces.
2.1 Terminologies:
We recollect some important basic preliminaries, and in particular, the work of Smarandache in [1],
Atanassov in [4, 5] and Salama [8, 9]. Smarandache introduced the neutrosophic components T, I, F which
represent the membership, indeterminacy, and non-membership values respectively, where 0,1 is
nonstandard unit interval.
Definition 2.2: Let X be a non-empty fixed set. A Neutrosophic set (NSfor short) A is an object having the
form A = x,μ A x ,σA x ,γA x , x X where A x , A x , A x which represent the degree
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ofmember ship function A x the degree of indeterminacy A x and the degree ofnon-member ship A x
respectively of each element x X to the set A [7].
Definition 2.3: The Neutrosophic subsets 0 N and 1N in X as follows:
0 N may be defined as:
01 0N x, 0, 0,1 : x X
02 0N x, 0,1,1 : x X
03 0N x, 0,1, 0 : x X
04 0N x, 0, 0, 0 : x X
1N may be defined as
11 1N x,1, 0, 0 : x X
12 1N x,1, 0,1 : x X
13 1N x,1,1, 0 : x X
14 1N x,1,1,1 : x X
Definition 2.4: Let A= μ A ,σA ,γ A be a NS on X , then the complement set of the A C A may be defined
as three kinds of complements.
C1 C A = <x,1-μ A ,1-σA x ,1-γ A x >:x X
C2 C A = <x, γA ,σA ,μ A >:x X
C3 C A = <x,γ A ,1-σA ,μ A ,>:x X
Example 2.1: The complement of O N is I N and the complement of I N is O N .
ON = <x,0,0,1>:x X
C1 =C ON = <x,1,1,0>:x X
C2 =C ON = <x,1,0,0>:x X
C3 =C ON = <x,1,1,0>:x X
O N and I N are complement each other
Definition 2.5: Let x be a non empty set and neutrosophic sets A and B in the form
A= <x,μ A x ,σA x ,γA x >:x X
B= <x,μ B x ,σ B x ,γ B x >:x X then we consider two possible definitions for subsets.
1.A B A x B x , A x B x , and A x B x x X .
2.A B A x B x , A x B x , and A x B x x X .
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Proposition 2.1: For any neutrosophicset A , then the following conditions are holds.
1 O N A , ON ON
2 A I N , IN I N
Definition 2.6: Let X be a non-empty set and A,B are neutrosophic sets then
i A B May be defined as
I1 A B=<x,μA μ B , A B , A B
I2 A B=<x,μ A μ B , A B , A B
We can easily generalize the operations of intersection and union in def 5 to arbitrary family of
neutrosophic sets.
Proposition 2.2:For all A and B are two neutrosophic sets then the following conditions are true.
1 C A B C A C B
2 C A B C A C B
Definition 2.7: A neutrosophic topology NT is a non-empty set X is a family of a neutrosophic sets in
X satisfying the following condition.
NT1 ON , IN
NT2 G1 G2 for any G1,G2
NT3 Gi for every Gi : i j
In this case X,τ is called a neutrosophic topological space.
Example 2.2:
Let X x and
A= <x,0.5,0.5,0.4>:x X
B= <x,0.4,0.5,0.8>:x X
C= <x,0.5,0.6,0.4>:x X
D= <x,0.4,0.6,0.8>:x X
Then the family τ = ON ,I N ,A,B,C,D of neutrosophic set in X is neutrosophic topology X .
Definition 2.8: The elements of τ is neutrosophic open sets the complement of neutrosophic open set is called
neutrosophic closed set.
Definition 2.9: Let X,τ be neutrosophic topological space and A x, A , A , A be a neutrosophic set
in X then neutrosophic closure and neutrosophic interior of A are defined by
Ncl A = K:k is a Ncsin X and A K
Nint A = G:gis a Nosin X and G A
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It can also show that Ncl A is neutrosophic closed set and Nint A is neutrosophic open set in X
i A is neutrosophicopen set A=Nint A
ii A is neutrosophicclosedset A=Ncl A
Proposition 2.3: Let X,τ be neutrosophic topological space and A X,τ we have
a Ncl C A =C Nint A
a Nint C A =C Ncl A
Proposition 2.4: Let X,τ be neutrosophic topological space and A,B are two neutrosophic set in X then
the following properties are hold.
a Nint(A) A
b A Ncl A
c A B Nint A Nint B
d A B Ncl A Ncl B
e Nint Nint A =Nint A
f Ncl Ncl A =Ncl A
g Nint A B =Nint A Nint B
h Ncl A B =Ncl A Ncl B
i Nint ON =Ncl ON =ON
j Nint I N =Ncl I N =I N
k A B C B C A
l Ncl A B Ncl A Ncl B
m N int A B Nint A Nint B
Definition 2.10: Let X,τ be neutrosophic topological space and A x, A , A , A be a neutrosophic set
in X then A is called a neutrosophic semi-open if A Ncl Nint A and also neutrosophic semi-closed if
Nint Ncl A A .The complement of neutrosophic semi open set is a neutrosophic semi closed set.
3. Neutrosophic Pre -open:
In this section the concept of neutrosophic pre-open set of X is introduced and also characterizations of
neutrosophic pre-open sets.
Definition 3.1: Let A be neutrosophic set of a neutrosophic topology. Then A is said to be Neutrosophic pre-
open[NPO]set of X if there exists a neutrosophic open set NO such that NO A NO Ncl A .
Theorem3.1:A subset A in neutrosophic topological spaces X is neutrosophicpre open set if and only if
A N int Ncl A .
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Proof: Suppose A N int Ncl A
Now we have to prove that A in neutrosophic topological space
i.e., A is neutrosophic pre-open set.
We know that NO N int A
NO A NO Ncl A .
Therefore A is neutrosophic topological set.
Conversely suppose that
Let A be neutrosophic topological set in X .i.e. NO A NO Ncl A for some NO
But NO N int A , thus NO Ncl A N int Ncl A
Hence A NO Ncl A N int Ncl A
Therefore A N int Ncl A
Hence proved the theorem
Theorem3.2:In neutrosophic topology the union of two neutrosophic pre-open sets again a neutrosophic pre-
open set.
Proof: Let Aand B are neutrosophic pre-open sets in X
A N int Ncl A
B N int Ncl B
Therefore A B N int Ncl A Ncl B
A B N int Ncl A Ncl B
A B N int Ncl A B
By the definition A B is a neutrosophic open set in X .
Theorem3.3:let X , be an NTS.If A is a collection of NPO sets in a NTS X then A is NPO
set in X.
Proof: for each ,we have a neutrosophic open set NO such that
NO A NO NCl A , then NO A NO Ncl A
A N int Ncl A
Hence theorem proved.
Remark3.1:The intersection of any two NPO sets need not be a NPO set in X as shown by the following
example.
Example: let X a, b
A 0.4, 0.8, 0.9 , 0.7, 0.5, 0.3
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B 0.5, 0.8, 0.6 , 0.8, 0.4, 0.3
C 0.4, 0.7, 0.9 , 0.6, 0.4, 0.4
D 0.5, 0.7, 0.5 , 0.8, 0.4, 0.6
Then 0N , A, B, C, D,1N is NTS
Consider
A1 0.6, 0.8, 0.6 , 1.0, 0.5, 0.5
A2 1.0,1.0, 0.3 , 0.7, 0.3, 0.6
From this example A1 A2 is not NPO set.
Theorem 3.4:Every neutrosophic open set in the NTS in X is NPO set in X.
Proof: let A be NO set in NTS.
Then A N int A
Clearly A Ncl A
N int A N int Ncl A
A N int Ncl A
A is a NPO set in X .
Theorem 3.5:Let A be neutrosophic pre-open set in the neutrosophic topological space X and suppose
A B Ncl A then B is neutrosophic pre-open set in X .
Proof: Let A be NO set in neutrosophic topological space X .
Then A N int A also
A Ncl A
N int A N int Ncl A
A N int Ncl A
Hence the theorem proved.
Lemma3.1:Let A be an NO set in X and B a neutrosophic pre-open set in X then there exists an NO set
G in X such that
B G Ncl B it follows that
A B A G A Ncl B Ncl A B
Now, since A G is open, from the above (theorem 5) lemma, A B is neutrosophic pre-open set in X .
Proposition 3.1: Let X and Y are neutrosophic topological space such that X is neutrosophic product
related to Y then the neutrosophic product A B of a neutrosophicpre open set A of X and a neutrosophic
pre open set B of Y is a neutrosophic pre open set of the neutrosophic product topological space X Y .
Proof: let 01 A Ncl 01 and 02 B Ncl 02
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Then 01 02 A B Ncl 01 Ncl 02
01 02 A B Ncl 01 02
NInt 01 02 NInt A B NInt Ncl 01 0 2
01 02 A B N int Ncl 01 02
Hence A B is NPO set in X Y
4. Neutrosophic Pre-closed sets:
Definition 4.1: Let A be neutrosophic set of a neutrosophic topology spaces X . Then A is said to be
neutrosophic pre-closed sets of X if there exists a NC set such that Ncl NC A NC .
Theorem4.1:A subset A in a NTS X is NCS set if and only if Ncl N int A A
Proof: consider Ncl N int A A
Then NC Ncl A clearly Ncl N int A A NC
Therefore A is NPC set
Conversely, suppose that Let A be NPC set in X
Then NC N int A A NC for some NS closed set NC .but Ncl A NC
Hence the theorem proved.
Theorem4.2:Let X , be NTS and A be a neutrosophicsubset of X then A is a neutrosophic pre-closed
sets if and only C A is neutrosophic pre-open set in X.
Proof: Let A be a neutrosophic pre-closed set subset of X .
Clearly Ncl N int A A
Taking complement on both sides
C A C Ncl N int A
C A N int Ncl C A
Hence C A is neutrosophic pre-open set
Conversely suppose that C A is neutrosophic pre-open set i.e. C A N int Ncl C A
Taking complement on both sides we get Ncl N int A A , A neutrosophic pre-closed set
Hence the theorem proved.
Theorem4.3:Let X , be a neutrosophic topological spaces. Then intersection of two neutrosophic pre-
closed set is also a neutrosophic pre-closed set.
Proof: let Aand B are neutrosophic pre-closed sets on X ,
Then Ncl N int A A , Ncl N int B B
Consider A B Ncl N int A Ncl N int B
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Ncl N int A N int B
Ncl N int A B
Ncl N int A B A B
Hence A B is neutrosophic pre-closed set.
Remark4.1: The union of any two neutrosophic pre-closed sets need not be a neutrosophicclosed set on X , .
Theorem 4.4: Let A be a collection of neutrosophic pre-closed sets on X , then A is
neutrosophic pre-closed sets on X , .
Proof: we have a neutrosophic set NC such that NC N int A A NC for all
Then NC N int A A NC
NCl N int A A
Hence A is neutrosophic pre-closed set on X , .
Theorem 4.5: Every neutrosophic closed set in the neutrosophic topological spaces X , is neutrosophic pre-
closed set in X , .
Proof: Let A be neutrosophic closed set means A Ncl A and also N int A A
From that,
Ncl N int A Ncl A , Ncl N int A A , since A Ncl A
Hence A is a neutrosophic pre-closed sets.
Theorem 4.6:Let A be a neutrosophic closed set in neutrosophic topological spaces X , and suppose
N int A B A then B is neutrosophic pre-closed set on X ,
Proof: Let A be a neutrosophic set in neutrosophic topological spaces X ,
Suppose N int A B A
There exist a neutrosophic closed set NC , such that NC N int A B A NC .
Then B NC and also N int B B NC
Thus, Ncl N int B B
Hence B is neutrosophic pre-closed set on X , .
Theorem4.7: Let X and Y are neutrosophic topological space such that X is neutrosophic product related to
Y then the neutrosophic product A B is a neutrosophic pre closed set of the neutrosophic product topological
space X Y . Where neutrosophic pre closed set A of X and a neutrosophic pre closed set B of Y.
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Proof: Let A and B are neutrosophic pre-closed set
C1 N int A A C1 and C2 N int A A C2
Form the above,
C1 N int A C2 N int A A B C1 C2
C1 C2 N int A B A B C1 C2
Hence A B is neutrosophic pre-closed set in neutrosophic topological space X Y .
5. References:
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Neutrosophic Probability, American Research Press, Rehoboth, NM (1999).
2. J. Dezert, Open Question to Neutrosophic Inferences Multiple-Valued Logic, Int. J.Neutros.
Neutrosop.,8 (2002), 439-472
3. L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy Sets, Inform. Control, 8(1965), 338-353.
4. K. Atanassov, Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 20(1986), 87-96
5. K. Atanassov, Review and new result on intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Sofia (1988).
6. C.L. Chang, Fuzzy Topological Spaces, J. Math. Anal Appl.,24 (1968), 182-1 90.
7. Reza Saadati, Jin HanPark,On the intuitionistic fuzzy topological space, Chaos. Solitons. Fractals,
27(2006), 331-344.
8. A.A. Salama, S.A. AL-Blowi, Neutrosophic Set and Neutrosophic Topological Spaces, IOSR Journal of
Math., 3 (2012), 31-35.
9. A. A. Salama, S. A. Alblowi, Generalized Neutrosophic Set and Generalized Neutrosophic Topological
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