Packed Bed Tower Scrubbers
for gaseous emissions -
NOx, Cl2, SO2, others
acid fumes, including
H2SO4, HCI, HNO3, and HF
odor control single and
multi-stage units
combination systems for
hot and cold gases
Systems can incorporate
particulate control, gas
quench, venturis, cartridge
filters, and carbon systems
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Design Criteria: V/F Series
Tri-Mer packed bed scrubbers are versatile, reliable systems Operational Efficiency
that serve the widest variety of processes. They are used Removal efficiency of scrubber: inlet vs. outlet
and specified worldwide. requirement, based on mass emission in lbs/hr. in vs.
Tri-Mer packed scrubbers are highly recommended for the lbs/hr out.
efficient removal of inorganic gases, odors and fumes, and Factors to consider in calculating removal efficiency are:
are particularly appropriate where gas streams have extreme
1. contaminant flow composition
pH. They are well-suited for use as primary or secondary
systems in conjunction with thermal oxidizers, and are also 2. contaminant solubility
used in a series where there are multiple-contaminant gas 3. chemistry that will react
streams. with contaminants
Optimum system performance is achieved with systems that 4. reaction speed
combine intimate gas/liquid mixing and low pressure drop. 5. HTU (height transfer
unit) factors required
CFM for specified
Air flow through the scrubber, based on cubic ft/min. This is removal efficiency
determined by the process to be handled by the scrubber, 6. liquid-to-gas ratio
through information provided by customer and Tri-Mer
7. velocity
analysis. System capacities of heavy service V/F systems
range to 100,000 cfm and above. 8. gas temperature
up to 2000F with
Q-Scrub quench option
Configuration
Internal vs. external recirculation system, fan location in
relation to tower, duct sizes, inlet and outlet plus location of
pump systems, tower access service ports, service platform
requirement. Packed column with redundant
pump and fans incorporating
breech-fitted stack assembly.
Materials of Construction
Determined by application because most contaminants
involve corrosive gases and fumes, material must be able to
withstand continuous contact with high and low pH gases
and scrubbing solutions.
Standard construction materials include polypropylene,
PVC and fiberglass. Optional materials include high alloy
metals such as stainless and Hastelloy. Dual-laminate Tri-Mers Q-Scrub interfaces directly with hot gas sources up
structures incorporating FRP over PVC, PP, PVDF and to 2000F and provides efficient evaporative water cooling
Teflon liners are also available. of the gas stream. Materials of construction for the quench
section include Hastelloy C276 and 316L to 304 stainless
steel. Custom engineered for gas inputs between 500 cfm
to more than 100,000 cfm, Q-Scrub is a reliable solution for
efficient quenching.
System Design
Using the information gathered under the efficiency
requirement section above, and other factors specific to the
site, Tri-Mer engineers determine the optimum tower diameter,
packing depth, recirculation flow rate, and mist eliminator
requirement in microns. These calculations form the basis for
a layout similar to the illustration on the facing page.
External recirculation tank form. Dual fan set-up prior to installation
of duct.
B
A Scrubber body, manufactured standard in 6 intervals, from 12
through 16 diameter A
B Outlet from the scrubber (Note: can also exhaust vertically)
C Mist eliminator
D Mist eliminator access door
E Recirculation liquid distribution nozzle system C
F Recirculation piping system
D
G Recirculation pumps: single or redundant, as shown.
ANSI style pump shown is standard; vertical sump design
is also available
E
H (Optional) recirculation system basket strainer for prevention of
pump damage and nozzle plugging. Y-strainers recommended
with smaller units; basket strainers for systems above 8,000 cfm
P
I Liquid flow meter. Meter can be line-mounted for smaller units;
self-powered for larger systems
Electrically-powered units also available
F
J Packing media. Tri-Packs 2 diameter is recommended for most
applications; other options are available
J
K Packing support grid
L Scrubber inlet (round or rectangular)
M Recirculation tank. Illustrations show internal recirculation sump;
external recirculation sumps can be recommended for applica-
tions such as multi-stage scrubbers incorporating NOx control
and other applications O
Liquid sump should hold (at minimum)
a 1.5x recirculation flow rate I
N Recirculation sump level control system K
O Clear packing removal portal
P Clear packing fill door L
G
H
M
N
Standard construction materials include polypropylene, fiberglass and PVC.
Optional materials include high alloy metals such as stainless and Hastelloy .
Dual-laminate structures incorporating FRP over PVC, PP, PVDF and Teflon liners
are also available.
V/F Series Capacities
Model Maximum Tower Diameter Standard Approximate
Number CFM Feet and Inches Recirculation* Height**
V/F 12 390 1-0 47 10-6
V/F 18 880 1-6 9 15 11-0
V/F 24 1,570 2-0 16 25 11-6
V/F 30 2,450 2-6 25 40 11-6
V/F 36 3,530 3-0 35 58 13-0
V/F 42 4,810 3-6 48 78 14-0
V/F 48 6,280 4-0 62 100 14-6
V/F 54 7,950 4-6 80 128 15-6
V/F 60 9,815 5-0 98 - 158 15-6
V/F 66 11,880 5-6 118 190 16-0
V/F 72 14,135 6-0 140 226 17-0
V/F 78 16,590 6-6 166 265 17-0
V/F 84 19,240 7-0 192 307 17-6
V/F 90 22,090 7-6 220 354 17-0
V/F 96 25,130 8-0 252 402 18-0
V/F 102 28,370 8-6 284 454 18-0
V/F 108 31,808 9-0 318 508 19-0
V/F 114 35,440 9-6 354 568 19-0
V/F 120 39,270 10-0 392 628 19-0
V/F 126 43,300 10-6 432 692 19-6
V/F 132 47,516 11-0 475 760 19-6
V/F 138 39,270 11-6 519 830 20-0
V/F 144 43,300 12-0 565 904 21-0
V/F 150 47,516 12-6 614 982 22-0
V/F 156 66,366 13-0 664 1060 22-6
V/F 162 71,570 13-6 716 1145 23-0
V/F 168 76,970 14-0 770 1232 23-0
V/F 174 82,565 14-6 825 1320 25-0
V/F 180 88,360 15-0 884 1412 26-0
V/F 186 94,345 15-6 944 1509 27-0
V/F 192 100,530 16-0 1005 - 1608 28-0
Elevation estimates incorporate a minimum recirculation sump capacity of 1.5x the recirculation flow rate indicated.
Elevation assumes a rectangular inlet configuration for gas dispersion, and a round outlet for external fan location.
Maximum cfm capacity must be confirmed by manufacturer. Efficiency requirement may dictate a lower cfm than indicated.
*Standard recirculation flow range in gals/min. Consult Tri-Mer for exact flow requirement based on application.
**Approximate height with standard recirculation and 5-0 packing. All dimensions are for reference only for construction.
Tri-Mers VTB Series Packed Bed Scrubbers
Light Duty Integrated Fan System
A Top-mounted exhaust blower with SERIES TOWER FAN STD CFM STD. RECIRC.
motor assembly D SIZE FAN HP MAX. RATE/GPM
B Mist eliminator VTB 14 8 550 6
C Spray header and nozzles VTB 18 10 2 880 9
D Tri-Packs tower packing
VTB 24 12 3 1,570 16
E Packing support grid VTB 36 18 7 3,530 35
F Tank access (optional) VTB 48 22 10 6,280 62
A
G Recirculation tank VTB 60 27 15 9,815 98
extension (optional- VTB 72 33 20 14,135 140
required with vertical
pump option)
1. Standard material of construction PVC or
H Recirculation liquor polypropylene
I Liquid flowmeter L 2. Inlet pressure typically limited to 3 w.g.
J Horizontal recirculation B 3. Standard packing depth 3-0
pump 4. Unit outlet integrated with top-mounted blower
K Scrubber inlet 5. Consult Tri-Mer Corporation for exact fan and pump
connection horsepower
C M
L Horizontal fan 6. Horizontal magnetic pump standard with model
discharge VTB 14-8 thru VTB 48-22. VTB 60-27 and 72-33;
may use ANSI style
M Packing fill and D
cleanout ports 7. Vertical sump style pumps are also available
N Y strainer (optional)
O Steel sub base
K F
O
I G
H
This compact system incorporates the J
exhaust blower into the packed bed tower N
as a unified vertical structure.
VTB series applications range to 14,135 cfm.
8,000 cfm VTB units constructed of black
polypropylene ready to ship.
Design Criteria: V/F and VTB Series
Control Panels Pre-wiring
All Tri-Mer scrubber packages are available with electrical Skid-mounted: Tri-Mer electrical systems are available
control panels, which can incorporate the following features: completely pre-wired prior to shipment.
Panel-mounted flowmeters, pH controls, flow indicators, Larger systems: available pre-wired to terminal boxes specific
ORP conductivity controls, alarms and auxiliaries. to each piece of equipment. This greatly simplifies field wiring.
PLC options. Most customers specify a dedicated PLC
control interface for scrubber operation. Auxiliary loop
tie-ins can be made to specific plant processes, so that
system chemistry is activated automatically. This provides
the user with maximum control and flexibility.
HMI
The operator interface
depicts system status in
full detail, in a form most
useful to plant personnel.
Valve positions, liquid and
air flow conditions, pH,
reduction or oxidation
potential and other
Multi-stage scrubber pump room.
required parameters are
available at-a-glance.
System alarms and other UL stamped panel assemblies are available
Piping
Piping connecting the recirculation tank, pumping system and
process interrupt functions from Tri-Mer.
spray header assemblies is part of the Tri-Mer package. These
are detailed through
piping assemblies have been thoroughly tested at Tri-Mer.
the HMI.
Materials of Construction V/F series scrubbers are
specified for heavy duty
Standard alternatives include
applications such as steel pickling,
polypropylene, fiberglass and PVC. plating, anodizing and other metal
finishing operations generating
Capacities corrosive fumes and gases. They
Capacities range from 100 cfm to over are most effective for applications
100,000 cfm in various models. involving inorganic compounds
with high solubility or chemically
reactive characteristics. V/F
Catwalk Access units are used throughout the
V/F and VTB Series Packed Bed Systems semiconductor industry.
are available with optional catwalk access
The V/F series is a design
platforms. incorporating the recirculating
tank, inlet transition, packed bed
Recirculation Tank section, mist eliminator and a
V/F and VTB series units have recirculation remote mounted exhaust blower.
tanks which incorporate a horizontal or V/F units occupy a modest foot
vertical-style pump. Piping between the print and can be easily used as a
spray header assembly and pump is scrubber for single or multiple tank
included in the package. chemical processes.
Packing
The standard random dump section of the wet scrubber
system incorporates ultra-high efficiency Tri-Packs tower
packing, originally engineered for use with Tri-Mers Tri-
NOx Multi-Chem system.
Mist Eliminator Efficiency
Mist eliminator systems are
available in rigid chevron
blade style and/or layered pad
designs. Selection depends Dual stage HCI scrubber with Multi-stage external recirculation system.
on the efficiency required and fiberglass columns and catwalks.
scrubber size. Typical mist
eliminator efficiencies are
based on 99% on
15 micron size droplets. Lower or higher efficiency rates are
possible and will be recommended by Tri-Mer engineering,
where applicable.
Inlet Vs. Outlet Performance
It is critical, when calculating the efficiency of the V/F or VTB
series scrubber, to know the inlet load of the contaminant
being removed. This data should be provided to Tri-Mer Dual pump back-up on multi-stage system. ANSI design.
in the form of a mass emission number, relating to lbs per
hour of contaminant to be removed. Tri-Mer engineers will
use HTU (height transfer unit) and NTU factors to calculate
Pumps
Pumps for the V/F series
the necessary packing depth. Also using the inlet load
scrubber systems are
information, engineering will calculate the liquid-to-gas ratio
offered in two categories:
for optimum pump sizing for recirculation rates.
Tri-Mer Corp. uses 1. ANSI horizontal units
conservative calculations 2. Vertical submerged
in the design of systems head units
to assure reliable, long-
term performance Blowers are available in
belt-driven and direct drive versions.
under a wide range of
operating conditions.
Many competitive systems Exhaust Blowers
are designed to operate In the Tri-Mer standard design, materials of construction include
with velocities more than polypropylene, PVC or FRP. The inlet cone is laminar flow-
20% higher than a Tri-Mer molded; its bell-shaped design insures smooth air entry, with
Multi-stage scrubber system (Tri-NOx)
system, and recirculation constructed of polypropylene and
minimal system effect loss.
flow rates less than 50%. fiberglass, with catwalk access. The impeller design is backwardly inclined, flat blade (or air
Use of these under-sized foil wheel). Wheels are available in Class 2, 3, or 4 categories,
systems on industrial applications often results in failure to depending on pressure requirements. Materials of construction
meet operating permit requirements. for fan impellers are mild steel with FRP coating, stainless steel,
For the system owner, this means the choice will be to and special alloys such as Hastelloy.
significantly modify, or replace, the equipment. Tri-Mers Standard arrangements include one and nine. Vibration
conservative engineering approach serves our customers isolation is available for the inlet and outlet duct; spring isolation
predictably and well, because systems meet stack is available for the fan base. The fan discharge depends on
efficiency and other operational requirements from the first stack requirements and fan position. The fan package is then
day theyre online. mated to the appropriate scrubber and tested.
Design Options
Single-Stage Vertical Flow
These Units are applied to inorganic scrubbing applications
requiring between 3 and 16 ft. of packing. This includes
a multitude of chemical processes, metal finishing and
semiconductor applications. This also includes certain odor
control systems (such as light inputs of ammonia or sulfur-
based compounds) that are accommodated with a single-
stage process.
Two-Stage Vertical Flow
These systems use two independent columns, operating
in series. Columns can operate with identical chemistry, or
more typically, use two different chemical processes. An
example is ammonia combined with other acids, which
requires one stage for primary removal using sulfuric acid, Single stage V/F series packed Fiberglass-constructed, 2-stage HCI
and a second stage operating as a caustic scrubber. The scrubber with dual pumps and scrubber with dual fans and catwalk
design can be used in many other applications that require containments pan constructed of assembly.
UV-stabilized polypropylene.
dual chemistries to destroy contaminants, and is common
throughout Tri-Mers design portfolio.
Multi-Stage Scrubbers (NOx)
In this equipment design, Tri-Mer incorporates three or more
scrubber stages. The best known application for this design
is the Tri-NOx Multi-Chem process, which handles NOx,
(NO+NO2) in any ratio. The primary application of the Tri-NOx
Multi-Chem process is the removal of NOx from gas streams
where other contaminants co-mingle with NOx. This situation
makes other types of NOx removal technology impractical,
because they use catalytic devices to remove the NOx,
and gas streams containing particulate or other inorganic/
organic matter can readily poison the catalyst and destroy the
system.
In contrast, the Tri-NOx Multi-Chem system is not vulnerable
to catalytic poisoning. This feature makes the Tri-NOx
Multi-Chem system an excellent system for processes such
Tri-NOx Multi-Chem plant constructed of black, UV-stabilized polypropylene with
as hazardous waste incinerators, calcinators, and rotary external recirculation systems and catwalk access assembly.
kilns; also for a wide variety of chemical nitrations and metal
finishing operations which emit inorganic and organic material
in concert with NOx.
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CORPORATION
1400 Monroe St. P.O. Box 730 Owosso, MI 48867-0730
Phone (989) 723-7838 FAX (989) 723-7844
Email: [email protected]
2013 Tri-Mer Corp. All rights reserved.
