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Short History

This document provides a short history of various Unix-like operating systems such as BSD, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD. It summarizes their key features and differences in licensing. It also describes the development process, funding, and community behind FreeBSD.

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Pocho Gomez
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52 views

Short History

This document provides a short history of various Unix-like operating systems such as BSD, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD. It summarizes their key features and differences in licensing. It also describes the development process, funding, and community behind FreeBSD.

Uploaded by

Pocho Gomez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Short history

Based on: http://www.levenez.com/unix/


1978 BSD (Barkeley software distribution)
Based on unix system developed by Bell.
1991 386BSD BSD port to Intel (Based on
4.3BSD).
1991 Linux based on Minix.
1993 FreeBSD and NetBSD Based on 386BSD.
1995 - OpenBSD splits from NetBSD.
2001 Apples Darwin, based on FreeBSD.
Latest releases: 5.3, 4.11.
The most popular of the *BSDs.
Historically aimed for maximum.
performance on X86. Now supports most of
the popular hardware platforms.
Biggest installations: Yahoo servers,
ftp.cdrom.com, www.netcraft.com.
Of course it runs NetBSD
Last version: NetBSD 2.0.
Aims for supporting as many architectures
possible.
Portable design.
40 supported architectures.
www.openbsd.org
Current version: OpenBSD 3.6.
Try to be the #1 most secure operating
system.
Secure by default.
Based on Canada is not restricted by US
export laws.
developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/darwin/
The operating system behind Apples MAC OS X.
Based on FreeBSD.
Apples cool GUI, on top of a reliable Open
source unix.
Runs on PowerPC based Macintosh.
Version for X86 is also available.
Licensing Issues
Linux GPL
Must publish your source code if your code
is based on a GPLd software.
*BSD - BSD license.
Do what ever you want, just give us credit.
Poul Henning Kamp - Beerware license
Do what ever you want, just buy me beer
when we meet.
FreeBSD The people behind
FreeBSD Core Team The board of
directors.
FreeBSD Committers The programmers.
Release Engineering Teams
Documentation engineering team
Port management team.
Donations Team.
FreeBSD The people behind
cont
Technical Review Board.
Security officer.
Security Team.
Bugmeisters and GNATS admins.
Core team secretary.
Funding
Donations raised by the FreeBSD
foundation (can be of money or hardware).
Very well organized site with donation want
list, and list of received donations.
Dontations raised by individuals.
Selling CDs and merchandise.
FreeBSD Base System
Linux is a kernel.
FreeBSD is a whole system (much like a
linux distribution).
The base system is developed under one
administrative control.
All needed applications are integrated into
FreeBSD.
FreeBSD Ports
Collection of utility and application
software that has been ported to FreeBSD.
All ports are found in one central CVS.
Upgrade downgrade mechanism (much like
apt-get and rpm).
Today - 12326 ports.
Release Engineering
Current version up to date code.
Real hackers run current on their laptop.
Stable version stable code.
Release version code of a formal release
based on the stable at that time.
Very organized release process.
Getting FreeBSD
http://www.freebsd.org/where.html
Purchase a 4 CD set.
Download ISO files.
Download sources via CVS and compiling.
Installing using install floppies and a
network connection.
FreeBSD CVS
cvsup keeping up to date with a chosen
branch.
anoncvs getting small pieces of code on
demand.
CTM getting patches by mail.
Web interface looking at a certain file,
and checking diffs between versions.
Reporting Bugs
Very organized problem report (pr)
submission mechanism.
Web searchable list of all reported problem
reports.
Bugmeisters responsible for perliminery
classification of the bugs, and handing them
over to the developers.
Trying to put the bug fixing in top priority.
FreeBSD documentation
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-
1/books/faq/index.html
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-
1/books/handbook/
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-
1/books/developers-handbook/
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-
1/books/handbook/eresources.html#ERESOURCE
S-MAIL
www.google.com/bsd
Kame Project
http://www.kame.net/
Joint effort of 6 Japanies companies.
Aims to provide IPv6 and IPsec (for IPv4
and IPv6) for all BSD variants.
Provides much more than it aimed for.
Integrated into the formal releases.
One floppy version of FreeBSD.
Based on old 3.0 version.
Need at least 386SX with 8M RAM.
4 available versions Dialup, Router, Networking
and Dial-in server.
A custom version of FreeBSD on a floppy can
also be built.
Linux compatibility mode
Full binary compatibility for linux as long as the
application doesnt overly use i386 specific
calls.
Linux_base port contains Linux libraries.
/compat/linux dir contains Linux config files.
http://www.linuxinfor.com/english/FreeBSD/linux
emu-advanced.html
No performance degradation.
Whos Better? Testing
Performance
Results of MySQL test I found on
http://software.newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=04/1
2/27/1243207&from=rss
With small files that can be cached easily, on one
CPU, NetBSD seemed best, before Linux, and
way before the others.
When switching to 2 CPUs Linux took the lead.
On bigger files, Linux was best, before FreeBSD.
NetBSD was way behind.
Testing performance (cont)
http://bulk.fefe.de/scalability/
Tests system calls like socket, bind, fork, connect
and mmap.
Tests also HTTP request latency.
Does not test network traffic load.
Conclusions are that Linux 2.6 is best, FreeBSD
5.1 and Linux 2.4 (except for mmap and fork) do
very good. Others fall behind.

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