23.203 14 CFR Ch.

I (1112 Edition)

(e) Compliance with the require- (4) Spoilers/speedbrakes: Retracted and ex-
ments of this section must be shown tended unless they have no measureable ef-
under the following conditions: fect at low speeds.
(5) Power:
(1) Wing flaps. Retracted, fully ex-
(i) Power/Thrust off; and
tended, and each intermediate normal (ii) For reciprocating engine powered air-
operating position. planes: 75 percent of maximum continuous
(2) Landing gear. Retracted and ex- power. However, if the power-to-weight ratio
tended. at 75 percent of maximum continuous power
(3) Cowl flaps. Appropriate to configu- results in nose-high attitudes exceeding 30
ration. degrees, the test may be carried out with the
(4) Power: power required for level flight in the landing
(i) Power off; and configuration at maximum landing weight
(ii) 75 percent of maximum contin- and a speed of 1.4 VSO, except that the power
may not be less than 50 percent of maximum
uous power. However, if the power-to- continuous power; or
weight ratio at 75 percent of maximum (iii) For turbine engine powered airplanes:
continuous power result in extreme The maximum engine thrust, except that it
nose-up attitudes, the test may be car- need not exceed the thrust necessary to
ried out with the power required for maintain level flight at 1.5 VS1 (where VS1
level flight in the landing configura- corresponds to the stalling speed with flaps
tion at maximum landing weight and a in the approach position, the landing gear re-
speed of 1.4 VSO, except that the power tracted, and maximum landing weight).
may not be less than 50 percent of max- (6) Trim: At 1.5 VS1 or the minimum trim
speed, whichever is higher.
imum continuous power. (7) Propeller: Full increase r.p.m. position
(5) Trim. The airplane trimmed at a for the power off condition.
speed as near 1.5 VS1 as practicable.
(6) Propeller. Full increase r.p.m. posi- 23.203 Turning flight and accelerated
tion for the power off condition. turning stalls.
[Doc. No. 27807, 61 FR 5191, Feb. 9, 1996] Turning flight and accelerated turn-
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: By Amdt. 2362, 76 ing stalls must be demonstrated in
FR 75755, Dec. 2, 2011, 23.201 was amended by tests as follows:
revising paragraph (d), by revising and redes- (a) Establish and maintain a coordi-
ignating current paragraph (e) as paragraph nated turn in a 30 degree bank. Reduce
(f), and by adding a new paragraph (e), effec- speed by steadily and progressively
tive Jan. 31, 2012. For the convenience of the tightening the turn with the elevator
user, the added and revised text is set forth until the airplane is stalled, as defined
as follows:
in 23.201(b). The rate of speed reduc-
23.201 Wings level stall. tion must be constant, and
(1) For a turning flight stall, may not
* * * * * exceed one knot per second; and
(2) For an accelerated turning stall,
(d) During the entry into and the recovery
from the maneuver, it must be possible to
be 3 to 5 knots per second with steadily
prevent more than 15 degrees of roll or yaw increasing normal acceleration.
by the normal use of controls except as pro- (b) After the airplane has stalled, as
vided for in paragraph (e) of this section. defined in 23.201(b), it must be possible
(e) For airplanes approved with a max- to regain wings level flight by normal
imum operating altitude at or above 25,000 use of the flight controls, but without
feet during the entry into and the recovery increasing power and without
from stalls performed at or above 25,000 feet,
it must be possible to prevent more than 25
(1) Excessive loss of altitude;
degrees of roll or yaw by the normal use of (2) Undue pitchup;
controls. (3) Uncontrollable tendency to spin;
(f) Compliance with the requirements of (4) Exceeding a bank angle of 60 de-
this section must be shown under the fol- grees in the original direction of the
lowing conditions: turn or 30 degrees in the opposite direc-
(1) Wing flaps: Retracted, fully extended, tion in the case of turning flight stalls;
and each intermediate normal operating po-
(5) Exceeding a bank angle of 90 de-
sition, as appropriate for the phase of flight.
pmangrum on DSK3VPTVN1PROD with CFR

(2) Landing gear: Retracted and extended as grees in the original direction of the
appropriate for the altitude. turn or 60 degrees in the opposite direc-
(3) Cowl flaps: Appropriate to configura- tion in the case of accelerated turning
tion. stalls; and

202

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 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 23.207

(6) Exceeding the maximum permis- at 75 percent of maximum continuous power

sible speed or allowable limit load fac- results in nose-high attitudes exceeding 30
tor. degrees, the test may be carried out with the
power required for level flight in the landing
(c) Compliance with the require- configuration at maximum landing weight
ments of this section must be shown and a speed of 1.4 VSO, except that the power
under the following conditions: may not be less than 50 percent of maximum
(1) Wing flaps: Retracted, fully ex- continuous power; or
tended, and each intermediate normal (iii) For turbine engine powered airplanes:
operating position; The maximum engine thrust, except that it
(2) Landing gear: Retracted and ex- need not exceed the thrust necessary to
maintain level flight at 1.5 VS1 (where VS1
tended;
corresponds to the stalling speed with flaps
(3) Cowl flaps: Appropriate to configu- in the approach position, the landing gear re-
ration; tracted, and maximum landing weight).
(4) Power: (6) Trim: The airplane trimmed at 1.5 VS1.
(i) Power off; and (7) Propeller: Full increase rpm position for
(ii) 75 percent of maximum contin- the power off condition.
uous power. However, if the power-to-
weight ratio at 75 percent of maximum 23.207 Stall warning.
continuous power results in extreme (a) There must be a clear and distinc-
nose-up attitudes, the test may be car- tive stall warning, with the flaps and
ried out with the power required for landing gear in any normal position, in
level flight in the landing configura- straight and turning flight.
tion at maximum landing weight and a (b) The stall warning may be fur-
speed of 1.4 VSO, except that the power nished either through the inherent aer-
may not be less than 50 percent of max- odynamic qualities of the airplane or
imum continuous power. by a device that will give clearly dis-
(5) Trim: The airplane trimmed at a tinguishable indications under ex-
speed as near 1.5 VS1 as practicable. pected conditions of flight. However, a
(6) Propeller. Full increase rpm posi- visual stall warning device that re-
tion for the power off condition. quires the attention of the crew within
the cockpit is not acceptable by itself.
[Amdt. 2314, 38 FR 31820, Nov. 19, 1973, as
amended by Amdt. 2345, 58 FR 42159, Aug. 6, (c) During the stall tests required by
1993; Amdt. 2350, 61 FR 5191, Feb. 9, 1996] 23.201(b) and 23.203(a)(1), the stall
warning must begin at a speed exceed-
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: By Amdt. 2362, 76
ing the stalling speed by a margin of
FR 75755, Dec. 2, 2011, 23.203 was amended by
revising paragraph (c), effective Jan. 31, 2012. not less than 5 knots and must con-
For the convenience of the user, the revised tinue until the stall occurs.
text is set forth as follows: (d) When following procedures fur-
nished in accordance with 23.1585, the
23.203 Turning flight and accelerated stall warning must not occur during a
turning stalls.
takeoff with all engines operating, a
takeoff continued with one engine in-
* * * * * operative, or during an approach to
(c) Compliance with the requirements of landing.
this section must be shown under the fol- (e) During the stall tests required by
lowing conditions: 23.203(a)(2), the stall warning must
(1) Wings flaps: Retracted, fully extended, begin sufficiently in advance of the
and each intermediate normal operating po- stall for the stall to be averted by pilot
sition as appropriate for the phase of flight.
(2) Landing gear: Retracted and extended as
action taken after the stall warning
appropriate for the altitude. first occurs.
(3) Cowl flaps: Appropriate to configura- (f) For acrobatic category airplanes,
tion. an artificial stall warning may be mu-
(4) Spoilers/speedbrakes: Retracted and ex- table, provided that it is armed auto-
tended unless they have no measureable ef- matically during takeoff and rearmed
fect at low speeds. automatically in the approach configu-
(5) Power: ration.
pmangrum on DSK3VPTVN1PROD with CFR

(i) Power/Thrust off; and

(ii) For reciprocating engine powered air- [Amdt. 237, 34 FR 13087, Aug. 13, 1969, as
planes: 75 percent of maximum continuous amended by Amdt. 2345, 58 FR 42159, Aug. 6,
power. However, if the power-to-weight ratio 1993; Amdt. 2350, 61 FR 5191, Feb. 9, 1996]

203

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