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Field Work No. 1 Laying of Simple Curve by Transit and Tape: Mapúa Institute of Technology

This document summarizes a fieldwork assignment where students were tasked with laying out a simple curve using a transit and tape based on provided data. The group accurately laid out the curve and computed the length of the chord, which was off from the measured length by only 0.27%. The exercise helped students understand how to lay out curves for roads and apply their classroom knowledge of curve calculations and transit use. Minor errors were encountered but the objectives of learning curve layout were achieved.

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123 views4 pages

Field Work No. 1 Laying of Simple Curve by Transit and Tape: Mapúa Institute of Technology

This document summarizes a fieldwork assignment where students were tasked with laying out a simple curve using a transit and tape based on provided data. The group accurately laid out the curve and computed the length of the chord, which was off from the measured length by only 0.27%. The exercise helped students understand how to lay out curves for roads and apply their classroom knowledge of curve calculations and transit use. Minor errors were encountered but the objectives of learning curve layout were achieved.

Uploaded by

Eliminated Pro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila


School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

FIELD WORK NO. 1


LAYING OF SIMPLE CURVE BY
TRANSIT AND TAPE

COURSE AND SECTION: CE 121-0F/C10

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: PALILEO,Manuel Elijah C. STUDENT NUMBER: 2015111996

GROUP NO: 6 CHIEF OF PARTY: Lumanog, Lyka

DATE OF FIELDWORK:

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 11 December 2017

SUBMITTED TO:
GRADE
PROFESSOR: ENGR. BIENVENIDO CERVANTES
FIELD WORK NO.1: LAYING OF SIMPLE CURVE BY THEODOLITE AND TAPE
(THE INCREMENTAL CHORD AND DEFLECTION ANGLE METHOD)

DATE: GROUP NO. : 6


TIME: 12:00 PM-4:30PM LOCATION:
WEATHER: SUNNY PROFESSOR: ENGR. BIENVENIDO CERVANTES

DATA SUPPLIED
R = 20 m
Backward Tangent direction: 225 (azimuth)
Forward Tangent direction: 280 (azimuth)
Station of the Vertex: 30 + 015
Adopt Full chord length of 3 m

STATION CENTRAL DEFLECTION


INCREMENTAL
OCCUPIED OBSERVED INCREMENTAL ANGLE
CHORD
ANGLE FROM BACK
30 + 004.589 30 + 006 1.411 4 2 35 2 1 18
TANGENT
30 + 009 3 8 35 40 6 19 8
30 + 012 3 8 35 40 10 36 58
30 + 015 3 8 35 40 14 54 48
30 + 018 3 8 35 40 19 12 38
30 + 021 3 8 35 40 23 30 28
30 + 023.79 2.79 7 59 57 27 30

COMPUTED LENGTH OF THE CHORD: 18.47 m


ACTUAL LENGTH OF THE CHORD: 18.45 m
RESEARCH
HORIZONTAL CURVES

When a highway changes horizontal direction, making the point where it changes direction
a point of intersection between two straight lines is not feasible. The change in direction would be
too abrupt for the safety of modem, high-speed vehicles. It is therefore necessary to interpose a
curve between the straight lines. The straight lines of road are called tangent because the lines are
tangent to the curves used to change the direction.

In practically all modem highways, the curves are circular curves that is, curves that form
circular arcs. The smaller the radius of a circular curve, the sharper the curve. For modern, high
speed highways, the curves must be flat, rather than sharp that means they must be large-radius
curves.

In highway work, the curves needed for the location or improvement of small secondary
roads may be worked out in the field. Usually, however, the horizontal curves are computed after
the route has been selected, the field surveys have been done and the survey base line and necessary
topographic features have been plotted. In urban work, the curves of the streets are designed as an
integral part of the preliminary and final layouts, which are usually done on a topographic map.
But in urban work, the streets and their curves are of secondary importance: the best use of the
building sites is of primary importance.

The principal consideration in the design of a curve is the selection of the length of the
radius or the degree of curvature. This selection is based on such considerations as the design speed
of the highway and the sight distance as limited by headlights or obstructions. Some typical radii
you may encounter are 12 000 feet or longer on an interstate highway, 1 000 feet on a major
thorough-fare in a city, 500 feet on an industrial access road, and 150 feet on a minor residential
street.
DISCUSSION

Field Work number 1 was about laying out a simple curve through the use of the theodolite
and tape with the use of the incremental chord and deflection angle method. Before proceeding to
the site, the professor provided the necessary data such as the bearings of the back and forward
tangent and the degree of the curve that enabled the group to compute various data which was
significant for laying out the curve using the formulas that were discussed thoroughly in the
previous lectures. The professor provided enough time for the class to compute the necessary data
first before going to the site so that the class would only layout the curve.

When the group had entered the site, the first thing that the group did was to setup the
instrument by following the drill by setting everything to zero and orienting to the north and so on.
After setting the instrument, the group now laid out the back and forward tangent lines using the
theodolite and tape. The site was too small for the values that were computed and, thus scaling
down the measurements was necessary which made less effort on the part of the group. By
following what was written in the manual, the group was able to layout the curve. The group was
not surprised that there was a small discrepancy on the computed value of the length of the chord
to the measured chord length using the tape for the group knew that there were a lot of possible
sources of errors that would be encountered but despite that the errors are very minimal.

CONCLUSION

After performing this field work, the group was rest assured that all of the objectives of
this field work have been met and achieved. The group was able to lay out the simple curve and
understand the principle behind the use of the incremental chord and deflection angle method.
After the professor had discussed it clearly in the lecture, the group got its relevant application to
our course civil engineering such that in roads and major highways, we can measure the correct
laying out of curves before constructing the roads. Since the theodolite was not a new instrument
for each and everyone in the group then mastering the skills in leveling, orienting and using the
theodolite effectively was already accomplished.

In every field work, there are always errors that should be considered. In this particular
field work, the error experienced by the group was very minimal which was about 0.27% this
was probably due to the tape measurements. Since laying out longer distances using a steel tape
would have larger potential of errors. The group was able to correct the error we had in
calculating the computed value of the length of the long chord. This is to guarantee that the
group will have an accurate reference spot or the point of curvature. The measurement of
bearings led us to a fault of locating the point of tangency, which is why we redo the
computation of measurements.

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