Drug Study
Name of Drug Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibility
Action
Generic Name: Action: Therapeutic Contraindicated in: CV: CHF, Assessment
Sodium Chloride Sodium is a major outcome: IV solution: pulmonary edema, Assess fluid balance
(soe-dee-um klor-ide) cation in Hypertonic (3%, edema. (intake and output,
extracellular fluid 5%) solutions daily weight, edema,
Brand Name: and helps maintain Uses: should not be FLUIDS AND and lung sounds)
water distribution, IV: hydration and used in patients ELECTROLYTES: throughout therapy
fluid and provision of NaCl in with elevated, hypernatremia, Assess patient for
Functional class: electrolyte balance, deficiency states. slightly hypervolemia, symptoms of
Mineral and electrolyte acid-base decreased, or hypokalemia, hyponatremia
replacements/supplements equilibrium, and Maintenance of normal serum (headache,
osmotic pressure. fluid and sodium. Fluid Local: IV tachycardia, dry
Chemical class: electrolyte status retention or extravasation, mucous membranes,
Chloride is the in situations in hypernatremia. irritation at IV site nausea, vomiting,
major amino in which losses muscle cramps) or
Pregnancy category: extracellular fluid may be hypernatremia
C and is involved in excessive. Precautions: (edema, weight gain,
maintaining acid- (excess diuresis Patients prone hypertension,
Dosage and routes: base balance. or severe salt to metabolic, tachycardia, fever
Intravenous Solutions of NaCl restriction). acid-base, or flushed skin, mental
0.9% NaCl (isotonic) assemble fluid and irritability)
1L (contains 150 mEq extracellular fluid. electrolyte throughout therapy.
sodium/L), rate and abnormalities, Sodium is measured
amount determined by Reduces corneal including: in relation to its
condition being treated edema by an geriatric concentration to
osmotic effect. patients, those fluid in the body,
0.45% NaCl (hypotonic) with nasogastric and symptoms may
1 to 2L (contains suctioning, change based on
75mEq sodium/L), rate vomiting, patients hydration
and amount determined diarrhea, status.
by condition being diuretic therapy, Lab test
treated. glucocorticoid considerations:
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therapy, fistulas, monitor serum
3%, 5% NaCl CHF, severe sodium, potassium,
(hypertonic) 100ml over renal failure, bicarbonate, and
1hr (3% contains 50mEq sever liver chloride
sodium per 100ml; 5% disease concentrations and
contains 83.3mEq sodium (additional acid-base balance
per 100ml) electrolytes may periodically for
be required), patients receiving
Oral NaCl preserved prolonged therapy
1 to 2g 3times daily with benzyl with sodium
alcohol should chloride.
not be used in Monitor serum
neonates. osmolarity in
PO: inadequate patients receiving
hydration (water hypertonic saline
and other solutions.
electrolytes
must be Nursing Diagnosis
replaced) Fluid volume deficit
Fluid volume excess
Implementation
Dosage of NaCl
depends on patients
age, weight,
condition, fluid and
electrolyte balance,
and acid-base
balance.
Do not administer
bacteriostatic NaCl
containing benzyl
alcohol as a
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preservative to
neonates. This
should not be used
to reconstitute or to
dilute solutions or to
flush intravascular
catheters in
neonates.
Infusion of 0.45%
NaCl is hypotonic,
0.9% NaCl is
isotonic, and 3% and
5% NaCl are
hypertonic
Rate of hypertonic
solutions should not
exceed 100ml/hr.
Patient/family
education
Explain to patient
the purpose of the
infusion
Advise patient at
risk for
dehydration due to
exposure to
extreme
temperatures when
and how to take
NaCl tablets.
Inform patients that
undigested tablets
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may be passed in
the stool; oral
electrolyte
solutions are
preferable.
Evaluation
Prevention or
correction od
dehydration
Normalization of
serum sodium and
chloride levels
Prevention of heat
prostration during
exposure to high
temperatures.
