MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

Table 12.2-1 Design Coefficients and Factors for Seismic Force-Resisting Systems

Structural System
Limitations Including
ASCE 7 Structural Height, hn (ft)
Section Limitsc
Where Response
Detailing Modification Deflection Seismic Design Category
Requirements Coefficient, Overstrength Amplification
Seismic Force-Resisting System Are Specified Ra Factor, Ω0g Factor, Cdb B C Dd Ed Fe
A. BEARING WALL SYSTEMS
1. Special reinforced concrete shear 14.2 5 2½ 5 NL NL 160 160 100
wallsl, m
2. Ordinary reinforced concrete shear 14.2 4 2½ 4 NL NL NP NP NP
wallsl
3. Detailed plain concrete shear wallsl 14.2 2 2½ 2 NL NP NP NP NP
l
4. Ordinary plain concrete shear walls 14.2 1½ 2½ 1½ NL NP NP NP NP
l k k
5. Intermediate precast shear walls 14.2 4 2½ 4 NL NL 40 40 40k
l
6. Ordinary precast shear walls 14.2 3 2½ 3 NL NP NP NP NP
7. Special reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 5 2½ 3½ NL NL 160 160 100
8. Intermediate reinforced masonry shear 14.4 3½ 2½ 2¼ NL NL NP NP NP
walls
9. Ordinary reinforced masonry shear 14.4 2 2½ 1¾ NL 160 NP NP NP
walls
10. Detailed plain masonry shear walls 14.4 2 2½ 1¾ NL NP NP NP NP
11. Ordinary plain masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1¼ NL NP NP NP NP
12. Prestressed masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1¾ NL NP NP NP NP
13. Ordinary reinforced AAC masonry 14.4 2 2½ 2 NL 35 NP NP NP
shear walls
14. Ordinary plain AAC masonry shear 14.4 1½ 2½ 1½ NL NP NP NP NP
walls
15. Light-frame (wood) walls sheathed 14.1 and 14.5 6½ 3 4 NL NL 65 65 65
with wood structural panels rated for
shear resistance or steel sheets
16. Light-frame (cold-formed steel) walls 14.1 6½ 3 4 NL NL 65 65 65
sheathed with wood structural panels
rated for shear resistance or steel
sheets
17. Light-frame walls with shear panels of 14.1 and 14.5 2 2½ 2 NL NL 35 NP NP
all other materials
18. Light-frame (cold-formed steel) wall 14.1 4 2 3½ NL NL 65 65 65
systems using flat strap bracing

B. BUILDING FRAME SYSTEMS

1. Steel eccentrically braced frames 14.1 8 2 4 NL NL 160 160 100
2. Steel special concentrically braced 14.1 6 2 5 NL NL 160 160 100
frames
3. Steel ordinary concentrically braced 14.1 3¼ 2 3¼ NL NL 35j 35j NPj
frames

Continued

73
 CHAPTER 12 SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES

Table 12.2-1 (Continued)

Structural System
Limitations Including
ASCE 7 Structural Height, hn (ft)
Section Limitsc
Where Response
Detailing Modification Deflection Seismic Design Category
Requirements Coefficient, Overstrength Amplification
Seismic Force-Resisting System Are Specified Ra Factor, Ω0g Factor, Cdb B C Dd Ed Fe

4. Special reinforced concrete shear 14.2 6 2½ 5 NL NL 160 160 100

wallsl,m
5. Ordinary reinforced concrete shear wallsl 14.2 5 2½ 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
l
6. Detailed plain concrete shear walls 14.2 and 2 2½ 2 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.2.8
7. Ordinary plain concrete shear wallsl 14.2 1½ 2½ 1½ NL NP NP NP NP
l k k
8. Intermediate precast shear walls 14.2 5 2½ 4½ NL NL 40 40 40k
9. Ordinary precast shear wallsl 14.2 4 2½ 4 NL NP NP NP NP
10. Steel and concrete composite 14.3 8 2½ 4 NL NL 160 160 100
eccentrically braced frames
11. Steel and concrete composite special 14.3 5 2 4½ NL NL 160 160 100
concentrically braced frames
12. Steel and concrete composite ordinary 14.3 3 2 3 NL NL NP NP NP
braced frames
13. Steel and concrete composite plate 14.3 6½ 2½ 5½ NL NL 160 160 100
shear walls
14. Steel and concrete composite special 14.3 6 2½ 5 NL NL 160 160 100
shear walls
15. Steel and concrete composite ordinary 14.3 5 2½ 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
shear walls
16. Special reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 5½ 2½ 4 NL NL 160 160 100
17. Intermediate reinforced masonry shear 14.4 4 2½ 4 NL NL NP NP NP
walls
18. Ordinary reinforced masonry shear 14.4 2 2½ 2 NL 160 NP NP NP
walls
19. Detailed plain masonry shear walls 14.4 2 2½ 2 NL NP NP NP NP
20. Ordinary plain masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1¼ NL NP NP NP NP
21. Prestressed masonry shear walls 14.4 1½ 2½ 1¾ NL NP NP NP NP
22. Light-frame (wood) walls sheathed 14.5 7 2½ 4½ NL NL 65 65 65
with wood structural panels rated for
shear resistance
23. Light-frame (cold-formed steel) walls 14.1 7 2½ 4½ NL NL 65 65 65
sheathed with wood structural panels
rated for shear resistance or steel sheets
24. Light-frame walls with shear panels of 14.1and 14.5 2½ 2½ 2½ NL NL 35 NP NP
all other materials
25. Steel buckling-restrained braced 14.1 8 2½ 5 NL NL 160 160 100
frames
26. Steel special plate shear walls 14.1 7 2 6 NL NL 160 160 100

74
 MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

Table 12.2-1 (Continued)

Structural System
Limitations Including
ASCE 7 Structural Height, hn (ft)
Section Limitsc
Where Response
Detailing Modification Deflection Seismic Design Category
Requirements Coefficient, Overstrength Amplification
Seismic Force-Resisting System Are Specified Ra Factor, Ω0g Factor, Cdb B C Dd Ed Fe
C. MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME
SYSTEMS
1. Steel special moment frames 14.1 and 8 3 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
12.2.5.5
2. Steel special truss moment frames 14.1 7 3 5½ NL NL 160 100 NP
h h
3. Steel intermediate moment frames 12.2.5.7 and 4½ 3 4 NL NL 35 NP NPh
14.1
4. Steel ordinary moment frames 12.2.5.6 and 3½ 3 3 NL NL NPi NPi NPi
14.1
5. Special reinforced concrete moment 12.2.5.5 and 8 3 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
framesn 14.2
6. Intermediate reinforced concrete 14.2 5 3 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
moment frames
7. Ordinary reinforced concrete moment 14.2 3 3 2½ NL NP NP NP NP
frames
8. Steel and concrete composite special 12.2.5.5 and 8 3 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
moment frames 14.3
9. Steel and concrete composite 14.3 5 3 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
intermediate moment frames
10. Steel and concrete composite partially 14.3 6 3 5½ 160 160 100 NP NP
restrained moment frames
11. Steel and concrete composite ordinary 14.3 3 3 2½ NL NP NP NP NP
moment frames
12. Cold-formed steel—special bolted 14.1 3½ 3o 3½ 35 35 35 35 35
moment framep

D. DUAL SYSTEMS WITH SPECIAL 12.2.5.1

MOMENT FRAMES CAPABLE OF
RESISTING AT LEAST 25% OF
PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
1. Steel eccentrically braced frames 14.1 8 2½ 4 NL NL NL NL NL
2. Steel special concentrically braced 14.1 7 2½ 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
frames
3. Special reinforced concrete shear wallsl 14.2 7 2½ 5½ NL NL NL NL NL
4. Ordinary reinforced concrete shear 14.2 6 2½ 5 NL NL NP NP NP
wallsl
5. Steel and concrete composite 14.3 8 2½ 4 NL NL NL NL NL
eccentrically braced frames
6. Steel and concrete composite special 14.3 6 2½ 5 NL NL NL NL NL
concentrically braced frames

Continued

75
 CHAPTER 12 SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDING STRUCTURES

Table 12.2-1 (Continued)

Structural System
Limitations Including
ASCE 7 Structural Height, hn (ft)
Section Limitsc
Where Response
Detailing Modification Deflection Seismic Design Category
Requirements Coefficient, Overstrength Amplification
Seismic Force-Resisting System Are Specified Ra Factor, Ω0g Factor, Cdb B C Dd Ed Fe
7. Steel and concrete composite plate 14.3 7½ 2½ 6 NL NL NL NL NL
shear walls
8. Steel and concrete composite special 14.3 7 2½ 6 NL NL NL NL NL
shear walls
9. Steel and concrete composite ordinary 14.3 6 2½ 5 NL NL NP NP NP
shear walls
10. Special reinforced masonry shear walls 14.4 5½ 3 5 NL NL NL NL NL
11. Intermediate reinforced masonry shear 14.4 4 3 3½ NL NL NP NP NP
walls
12. Steel buckling-restrained braced 14.1 8 2½ 5 NL NL NL NL NL
frames
13. Steel special plate shear walls 14.1 8 2½ 6½ NL NL NL NL NL

E. DUAL SYSTEMS WITH 12.2.5.1

INTERMEDIATE MOMENT
FRAMES CAPABLE OF
RESISTING AT LEAST 25% OF
PRESCRIBED SEISMIC FORCES
1. Steel special concentrically braced 14.1 6 2½ 5 NL NL 35 NP NP
framesf
2. Special reinforced concrete shear wallsl 14.2 6½ 2½ 5 NL NL 160 100 100
3. Ordinary reinforced masonry shear 14.4 3 3 2½ NL 160 NP NP NP
walls
4. Intermediate reinforced masonry shear 14.4 3½ 3 3 NL NL NP NP NP
walls
5. Steel and concrete composite special 14.3 5½ 2½ 4½ NL NL 160 100 NP
concentrically braced frames
6. Steel and concrete composite ordinary 14.3 3½ 2½ 3 NL NL NP NP NP
braced frames
7. Steel and concrete composite ordinary 14.3 5 3 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
shear walls
8. Ordinary reinforced concrete shear 14.2 5½ 2½ 4½ NL NL NP NP NP
wallsl

F. SHEAR WALL-FRAME 12.2.5.8 and 4½ 2½ 4 NL NP NP NP NP

INTERACTIVE SYSTEM WITH 14.2
ORDINARY REINFORCED
CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES
AND ORDINARY REINFORCED
CONCRETE SHEAR WALLSl

76
 MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

Table 12.2-1 (Continued)

Structural System
Limitations Including
ASCE 7 Structural Height, hn (ft)
Section Limitsc
Where Response
Detailing Modification Deflection Seismic Design Category
Requirements Coefficient, Overstrength Amplification
Seismic Force-Resisting System Are Specified Ra Factor, Ω0g Factor, Cdb B C Dd Ed Fe
G. CANTILEVERED COLUMN 12.2.5.2
SYSTEMS DETAILED TO
CONFORM TO THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR:
1. Steel special cantilever column 14.1 2½ 1¼ 2½ 35 35 35 35 35
systems
2. Steel ordinary cantilever column 14.1 1¼ 1¼ 1¼ 35 35 NPi NPi NPi
systems
3. Special reinforced concrete moment 12.2.5.5 and 2½ 1¼ 2½ 35 35 35 35 35
framesn 14.2
4. Intermediate reinforced concrete 14.2 1½ 1¼ 1½ 35 35 NP NP NP
moment frames
5. Ordinary reinforced concrete moment 14.2 1 1¼ 1 35 NP NP NP NP
frames
6. Timber frames 14.5 1½ 1½ 1½ 35 35 35 NP NP

H. STEEL SYSTEMS NOT 14.1 3 3 3 NL NL NP NP NP

SPECIFICALLY DETAILED FOR
SEISMIC RESISTANCE,
EXCLUDING CANTILEVER
COLUMN SYSTEMS
a
Response modification coefficient, R, for use throughout the standard. Note R reduces forces to a strength level, not an allowable stress level.
b
Deflection amplification factor, Cd, for use in Sections 12.8.6, 12.8.7, and 12.9.2.
c
NL = Not Limited and NP = Not Permitted. For metric units use 30.5 m for 100 ft and use 48.8 m for 160 ft.
d
See Section 12.2.5.4 for a description of seismic force-resisting systems limited to buildings with a structural height, hn, of 240 ft (73.2 m) or less.
e
See Section 12.2.5.4 for seismic force-resisting systems limited to buildings with a structural height, hn, of 160 ft (48.8 m) or less.
f
Ordinary moment frame is permitted to be used in lieu of intermediate moment frame for Seismic Design Categories B or C.
g
Where the tabulated value of the overstrength factor, Ω0, is greater than or equal to 2½, Ωo is permitted to be reduced by subtracting the value of 1/2
for structures with flexible diaphragms.
h
See Section 12.2.5.7 for limitations in structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories D, E, or F.
i
See Section 12.2.5.6 for limitations in structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories D, E, or F.
j
Steel ordinary concentrically braced frames are permitted in single-story buildings up to a structural height, hn, of 60 ft (18.3 m) where the dead load of
the roof does not exceed 20 psf
(0.96 kN/m2) and in penthouse structures.
k
An increase in structural height, hn, to 45 ft (13.7 m) is permitted for single story storage warehouse facilities.
l
In Section 2.2 of ACI 318. A shear wall is defined as a structural wall.
m
In Section 2.2 of ACI 318. The definition of “special structural wall” includes precast and cast-in-place construction.
n
In Section 2.2 of ACI 318. The definition of “special moment frame” includes precast and cast-in-place construction.
o
Alternately, the seismic load effect with overstrength, Emh, is permitted to be based on the expected strength determined in accordance with AISI S110.
p
Cold-formed steel – special bolted moment frames shall be limited to one-story in height in accordance with AISI S110.

77