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Discrete Time Signals and Systems

The document discusses discrete time signals and systems. It defines discrete time signals as functions of an integer-valued independent variable and describes some common elementary signals like the unit sample, unit step, and unit ramp signals. It also covers classifications of discrete time signals based on their energy, periodicity, symmetry and transformations. The document then introduces discrete time systems and describes them using input-output models involving transformations or operators.

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Junaid Anwar
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110 views18 pages

Discrete Time Signals and Systems

The document discusses discrete time signals and systems. It defines discrete time signals as functions of an integer-valued independent variable and describes some common elementary signals like the unit sample, unit step, and unit ramp signals. It also covers classifications of discrete time signals based on their energy, periodicity, symmetry and transformations. The document then introduces discrete time systems and describes them using input-output models involving transformations or operators.

Uploaded by

Junaid Anwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Discrete Time Signals


and Systems
Contents
• Discrete Time Signals
• Some Elementary DTS
• Classifications
• Manipulations of DTS
• Discrete Time Systems
• Input Output Description of Systems
2.1 Discrete Time Signals
• Discrete-time signal 𝑥(𝑛) is a function of an independent variable that is an integer.
• Discrete-time signal is not defined at instants between two successive samples.
Also, it is incorrect to think that 𝒙(𝒏) is equal to zero if n is not an integer.
• Representations
• Functional representation
• Sequence representation

• Tabular representation
2.1.1 Some Elementary Discrete Time Signals
• Unit Sample Sequence: 𝜹(𝒏)
The unit sample sequence is a signal that is zero everywhere except
at n=0 where its value is unity.
This signal is sometimes referred to as a unit impulse.
• Unit Step Signal/Sequence: u(𝒏)

• Unit ramp Signal/Sequence: 𝒖𝒓 (𝒏)


• Exponential signal:

If a is real then x(n) will be real signal. When parameter a is complex. It can be
expressed as
r= 0.9, 𝜽 = 𝝅/𝟏𝟎

r= 0.9, 𝜽 = 𝝅/𝟏𝟎
2.1.2 Classification of Discrete
Time Signals

1. Energy and
Power Signals
• Relationship between Power and Energy:
Define the signal energy of 𝑥(𝑛) over the finite interval - N ≤ n ≤ N as

then we can express the signal energy E as

and the average power of the signal 𝑥(𝑛) as

Ramp function is neither a power signal nor an energy signal.


Example 2.1.1
2. Periodic and Aperiodic Signals

A signal x (n) is periodic with period N ( N > 0) if and only if

the smallest value of N is called fundamental period. If there is no value of N, the


signal is called Non-periodic signal.

Periodic signals are power signals or energy signals???


3. Symmetric(Even) and Antisymmetric (Odd)
Signals
• A real-valued signal 𝑥(𝑛) is called symmetric (even) if Even Signal
𝑥(−𝑛)= 𝑥 𝑛
• A real-valued signal 𝑥(𝑛) is called antisymmetric
(odd) if
𝑥(−𝑛)= −𝑥 𝑛
For an odd signal 𝒙(𝟎) = 𝟎
Odd Signal
• Signal in terms of even and odd signal.
Transformation of the independent variable
Example 2.1.2
Transformation of the independent variable
Example 2.1.3
• Amplitude Scaling

• Summation

• Product

______________________________________________
2.2.1 Input Output Description of Systems

Transformation/Operator
Example 2.2.1
Solution:
________________________________

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