Ch.

10 Design of Short Columns

Subject to Axial Load and Bending
• Axial Loading and Bending
• Development of Interaction Diagram
• Column Design Using P-M Interaction Diagram
• Shear in Columns
• Biaxial Bending
• Examples
Axial Load and Bending

Equivalent
Development of Interaction Diagrams
 b cu=0.003 0.85f’c
Fs4
As4, d4 s4 fs4
c a Cc
M
As3, d3 s3
P X fs3 P Fs3
h
As2, d2 s2 fs2
Y Fs2
As1, d1 fs1
s1 Fs1
Section Strain Stress Equilibrium
Pn  Cc  Fsi  0.85 f cab  Asi f si where f si  f y
h a h 
M n  Cc     Fsi   d i 
2 2 2 
※ P-M interaction curve can be constructed by
plotting (Mn,Pn) for various s1 or c.
Example 10.2: column section

6 #29 bars 356 mm

64 mm 482 mm 64 mm

610 mm
 Example 10.2: Strain Profile
0.002
s  180 a  1c  0.85  366  311.1 mm
244
 0.001475
0.003
 s   302
366
 0.002475   y

64 mm 180 mm 302 mm 64 mm

244 mm c=366 mm

610 mm
 Example 10.2: Force Equilibrium
Cc  0.85 f cab
 0.85  27.6  311.1 356 10 3
f s  0.001475  200000
 2598 kN
 295 MPa

Ts  As f s 2598 kN 801 kN C s  As f s

3 571 kN  1935  414 10 3
 1935  295 10

92 mm
 801 kN
 571 kN
155 mm

149 mm
64 mm 241 mm 241 mm 64 mm

305 mm 305 mm

Pn  Cc  Cs  Ts  2598  801  571  2828 kN

h a h 
M n  Cc     Fsi   d si 
2 2 2 
  311.1   3
 2598   305    571  241  801  241  10
  2  
 718.9 kN  m
Example 10.2: Tension Failure
New Strain Profile

 s > y (y)

64 mm

610 mm
Example 10.2: P-M Interaction Curve

6595 kN

2828 kN 718.9 kN-m

2245 kN 759 kN-m

403 kN-m

1602 kN
P-M Interaction Diagram
P-M Interaction Depending on Steel
P-M Curve with Strength Reduction Factor


(Mn, Pn)

(Mn, Pn)
P-M Curve for Design
Pn  0.80 0.85 f cAg  Ast   f y Ast 
Pn  0.85 0.85 f cAg  Ast   f y Ast 
Modification of Strength Reduction Factor 
 Column Design Using P-M
Interaction Diagrams
• Column design charts are nothing but P-M
interaction curves arranged in one of various
ways
• The primary purpose of design charts is to
make column design quick and easy without
constructing the P-M curve for every specific
column
• It is important to keep the bar arrangement as
close as possible between the chart and
reality
 Estimation of Column Size
• Least dimension of rectangular section  200 mm
• Minimum diameter of circular section  300 mm
• For tied columns
Pu
Ag 
0.45 f c  f y 
• For spiral columns

Pu
Ag 
0.55 f c  f y 
Example 10.3 The short 1420 in (356508 mm) tied column is to
be used to support PD=125 k (556 kN), PL=140 k (623 kN), MD=75
k-ft (102 kN-m) and ML=90 k-ft (122 kN-m). If f’c=4 ksi (27.6 MPa)
and fy=60 ksi (414 MPa), select reinforcing bars to be placed in its
end faces only using appropriate ACI column interaction diagrams.

(64 mm)
☞ Since column design charts in SI units are
not available, US customary units are used.

Pu  1.2 PD  1.6 PL  1.2  125  1.6 140  374 kips

Pu374
 Pn    575.4 kips ( t   y assumed )
 0.65
M u  1.2M D  1.6 M L  1.2  75  1.6  90  234 k  ft
(381) (508 mm) M 234
 Mn  u   360 k  ft
 0.65
M 360 12
e n   7.51in
Pn 575.4
15
  0.75
(356 mm) (64 mm) 20
Example 10.3 The short 1420 in (356508 mm) tied column is to
be used to support PD=125 k (556 kN), PL=140 k (623 kN), MD=75
k-ft (102 kN-m) and ML=90 k-ft (122 kN-m). If f’c=4 ksi (27.6 MPa)
and fy=60 ksi (414 MPa), select reinforcing bars to be placed in its
end faces only using appropriate ACI column interaction diagrams.

Pn 575.4
(64 mm)   0.513
f cAg 4 14  20
Pn e 575.4  7.51
  0.193

f c Ag h 4 14  20  20
  0.022 (  0.7, Graph A3)
  0.0185 (  0.8, Graph A4)
   0.0202 (  0.75)
(381) (508 mm)
 Ast  bh  0.0202  356  508  3653 mm 2
Use 6 #29 ( Ast , provided  3870 mm 2 )
fs
Since  0.55  1.0   t  0.002
fy
(356 mm) (64 mm)    0.65 O.K.
0.513   0.022

0.193
0.513   0.0185

0.193
Example 10.4 Design a short column for Pu=600 kips (2670 kN),
Mu=125 k-ft (170 kN-m), f’c=4 ksi (27.6 MPa), fy=60 ksi (414 MPa).
Place bars uniformly around all four faces.
Determination of column section, assuming   0.02 64 mm
Pu 600  1000
Ag    256 in 2
0.45 f c  f y  0.454000  0.02  60000 
 16 16 in (256 in 2 )
16  2 1.6  2  3 / 8  1
   0.69
16
  0.65 assumed
Pn P 600
 u   0.901 279 406
f cAg f cAg 0.65  4  256
Mn Mu 125  12
   0.141
f cAg h f cAg h 0.65  4  256  16
  0.04 (  0.6, f s f y  0    0.65, Graph A6)
  0.036 (  0.7, f s f y  0    0.65, Graph A7) 279 mm
0.036  0.04 64 64
   0.04   0.09  0.0364 (  0.69) 64 mm
0.1
 Ast  bh  0.0364  256  25.4 2  6012 mm 2 406 mm
Use 8 #32 ( Ast , provided  6552 mm 2 )
   0.04
0.901

0.141
   0.036
0.901

0.141
 Example 10.5 Select reinforcing bars for the short round
spiral column if f’c=4 ksi (27.6 MPa), fy=60 ksi (414
MPa), Pu=500 kips (2225 kN), Mu=200 k-ft (271 kN-m).
Pu 500
  0.531
f c Ag 0.75  4  314

Mu 200  12
  0.127
202580 mm2 f cAg h 0.75  4  314  20
15
  0.75
20
381 mm   0.0195 (  0.7, f s f y  0.45, Graph A11)
64 mm 64 mm
508 mm   0.0155 (  0.8, f s f y  0.55, Graph A12)
   0.0175 (  0.75 by interpolation )
 Ast  Ag  0.0175  202580  3545 mm 2
Use 6 #29 ( Ast , provided  3870 mm 2 )
Since f s f y  1.0,  t   y ,   0.7
   0.024

0.531

0.127
   0.02
0.531

0.127
 Example 10.7 Using the appropriate interaction curves, determine
the value of Pn for the short tied column if ex=10 in (254 mm).
Assume f’c=4 ksi (26.7 MPa) and fy=60 ksi (414 MPa).
(76 mm)

e 10
  0.5
3#32(2445 mm2) h 20
2  3.79
  0.0316
12  20
(356) (508)
14
  0.7
3#32(2445 mm2) 20
(305 mm)
(76 mm)
From Fig.10.15,
Pn e 0.24 f cAg h 0.24  4 12  20  20
 0.24 is read  Pn    460.8 kips
f cAg h e 10
  0.0316
 Shear in Columns
1
i) without axial load, Vc  f c  bw  d (approximate)
6
 Vu d  bw d
Vc   
f c  120 ρw   0.3 f cbw d (accounting for flexure)
 Mu  7
Vu d
where 1
Mu
ii) with axial compression,
 Nu  1 

Vc  1   f c bw  d (approximate)
 14 A  6 
 g 
 4h  d 
M m  M u  Nu   for M u when accounting for flexure noted above
 8 
 0.3 N u  1 
ii) with axial tension, Vc  1   f c bw  d
 Ag  6 

where N u  factored axial load, positive in compression and all units in N , mm.
Biaxial Bending
 Biaxial Bending – Bresler Formula
1 1 1 1
  
Pni Pnx Pny Po
where
Pni  the nominal axial load capacity of the section when the load is placed
at a given eccentricity along both axes
Pnx  the nominal axial load capacity of the section when the load i splaced
at an eccentricity ex
Pny  the nominal axial load capacity of the section when the load is placed
at an eccentricity e y
Po  the nominal axial load capacity of the section when the load is placed
with a zero eccentricity. It is usually taken as 0.85 f cAg  Ast f y
 Example 10.8 Determine the design capacity Pni of the short tied
column subjected to biaxial bending. Use f’c=4 ksi (27.6 MPa),
fy=60 ksi (414 MPa), ex=16 in (406 mm) and ey=8 in (203 mm).
(64 mm)

Bending about X  axis

20
  0.8
(8 #29) 25
8
  0.0213
(508) (635) 15  25
e 16
  0.64
h 25
Pn e
 0.185 (Graph A8)
254 f cAg h
(64 mm)
(64 mm) 0.185  4  15  25  25
(381 mm) Pnx   434 kips
16
 e/h=0.64

  0.0213

0.185
 Example 10.8 Determine the design capacity Pni of the short tied
column subjected to biaxial bending. Use f’c=4 ksi (27.6 MPa),
fy=60 ksi (414 MPa), ex=16 in (406 mm) and ey=8 in (203 mm).
(64 mm)

Bending about Y  axis

10
(8 #29)    0.67
15
8
   0.0213
(508) (635) 15  25
e 8
  0.53
h 15
Pn e
 0.161 (Graph A6 and A7)
254 f cAg h
0.161 4 15  25 15
(64 mm)
(64 mm) Pny   452.3 kips
(381 mm) 8
 e/h=0.53

  0.0213

0.159
 e/h=0.53

  0.0213

0.177
 Example 10.8 Determine the design capacity Pni of the short tied
column subjected to biaxial bending. Use f’c=4 ksi (27.6 MPa),
fy=60 ksi (414 MPa), ex=16 in (406 mm) and ey=8 in (203 mm).
(64 mm)
Axial loading capacity for M  0
Po  0.85 f cAg  f y Ast
 0.85  4 15  25
(8 #29)
 60  8
(508) (635)
 1755 kips
Using Bresler's formula
1 1 1 1
  
Pni Pnx Pny Po
1 1 1
254
  
(64 mm)
(64 mm) 434 452.3 1755
(381 mm)  Pni  253.5kips