Outline
Persistence via Database
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
Lecture 10:
JDBC API
Database Connectivity
- JDBC
Wendy Liu
CSC309F – Fall 2007
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Java Persistence
JDBC (Java Database Relational Database
Connectivity) Management System
Object relational (RDBMS)
Persistence via Database mapping Object-oriented
Java Data Object Database Management
(JDO) System (OODBMS)
Enterprise JavaBean
(EJB)
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Three Tier Architecture Database Advantages
Data Safety
data is immune to program crashes
Concurrent Access
atomic updates via transactions
Fault Tolerance
replicated DBs for instant fail-over on machine/disk crashes
Data Integrity
aids to keep data meaningful
Scalability
Database can handle small/large quantities of data in a uniform manner
A way of saving and accessing structured data on Reporting
persistent (disk) storage easy to write SQL programs to generate arbitrary reports
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Relational Database Movie Database Example
First published by Edgar F. Codd in 1970
A relational database consists of a collection
showtimes
of tables showtimeid movieid theaterid sdate stime available
1 1 1 3/20/2005 20:00:00 90
A table consists of rows and columns 2 1 1 3/20/2005 22:00:00 90
Each row represents a record
orders
orderid userid showtimeid
1 1 1
Each column represents an attribute of the
records contained in the table
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RDBMS Technology
Client/Server Databases
Derby, Oracle, Sybase, MySQL, PointBase,
SQLServer JDBC
Embedded Databases (Java DataBase Connectivity)
Derby, PointBase
Personal Databases
Access
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JDBC Background JDBC Architecture
Common SQL database access interface
Allow Java programs to issue SQL statements and
process the results
Database independence
Can update underlying database with minimal code
impact
Represent database constructs as objects
Database connections, SQL statements, result sets, and
database metadata
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html
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Components of JDBC Architecture - 1 Components of JDBC Architecture - 2
Java application JDBC Driver
In need to access database Translates API calls to requests made against the
Uses the API specific database
Specific driver required for the chosen database
JDBC API
Installed on the client. Usually a set of class files
Provides DB independent abstraction to
placed in the class path
Establish a connection with a database
Send SQL statements All large databases are now supported
Process the results
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Components of JDBC Architecture - 3
DBMS
The actual database engine
Derby, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, MS Access,
PointBase, Postgresql JDBC API
v3.0
v4.0
(May incur different class names in the Derby drivers)
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API Highlights Establishing a Connection
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/
javax.sql
javax.sql
DataSource
getConnection() DataSource
java.sql
- Read the full method signatures from this API carefully before using - public Connection getConnection()
Connection
commit(), rollback(), setAutoCommit() Attempts to establish a connection with the data source
For transactions that this DataSource object represents
createStatement(), prepareStatement()
Statement
For SQL statements
public Connection getConnection(String username,
executeQuery(), executeUpdate() String password)
PreparedStatement
Precompiled SQL statement; more efficient for multiple executions Attempts to establish a connection with the data source
executeQuery(), executeUpdate(), setInt(), setString() that this DataSource object represents using the given
Parameter index starts from 1
ResultSet username and password
next()
Accessing next row
getString(), getInt()
Retrieving attribute values
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Derby Example 1: Connection Executing a Query
import org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDataSource; java.sql
import javax.sql.DataSource;
PreparedStatement
import java.sql.*; Precompiled SQL statement; more efficient for multiple executions
… executeQuery(), executeUpdate(), setInt(), setString()
// Driver code Parameter index starts from 1
EmbeddedDataSource eds = new EmbeddedDataSource(); Statement
eds.setDatabaseName(dbname); executeQuery(), executeUpdate()
eds.setCreateDatabase("create");
ResultSet
…
next()
// JDBC code Accessing next row
Connection con = eds.getConnection(); getString(), getInt()
Retrieving attribute values
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Example: PreparedStatement Example: Executing Query
String insertStmt="INSERT INTO ACCOUNT Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
(NAME, AMOUNT) VALUES (?, ?);";
PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(insertStmt); // Send the query to the DB, get back a ResultSet
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM PART;");
// Fill in the first and second args // Go through all rows returned by the query
ps.setString(1,"Charlie Smith"); while(rs.next()){
ps.setDouble(2, 23.45); // Pull out individual columns from the current row
int rowsAffected = ps.executeUpdate(); int pno = rs.getInt("PNO");
String pname = rs.getString("PNAME");
// Replace the first and second args
// Print out the values
ps.setString(1, "Arnold Jones"); System.out.println(pno + "\t“ + pname);
ps.setDouble(2, 102.23); }
rowsAffected=ps.executeUpdate(); rs.close();
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Executing Update
int rowsAffected =
stmt.executeUpdate(
"DELETE * FROM ACCOUNTS;");
Executes SQL INSERT, UPDATE, or Announcements
DELETE statements
Returns the number of rows affected
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Midterm Important Announcement (Repeat)
Topics covered Tuesday Oct 16, 2007
Lectures 1-9 inclusive 2-hr tutorial given in a CDF lab, BA3185
From XHTML to Java Servlets and JSP
Thursday Oct 18, 2007
Use lecture notes as a guideline
Midterm, BA2195
You can bring only 1 page cheat-sheet
Letter
size
Starting Tuesday Oct 23, 2007
The official lecture room will be BA2185 on each
Double sided
Tuesday until the end of term
Format similar to previous years
No change to Thursdays’ classes (BA1240)
Short conceptual questions ~40%
Programming questions ~60%
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