An Assignment on the Bangladesh
Studies
Department of Management Studies
Submitted To Mr. Swafiqul Islam Mitul
Lecturer,
Department of Management Studies,
Jagannath University, Dhaka.
Submitted By ADROITS A
10th Batch; Section: B
Department of Management Studies,
Jagannath University, Dhaka.
Date of Submission: 07 August, 2017
1
1.1 Brief history of Mujibnagar Government:
Mujibnagar Government the government constituted at Mujibnagar to conduct the
Bangladesh war of liberation, formed on 10 April 1971 after the declaration of
independence on 26 March 1971. Elected parliament members of 1970's election from East
Pakistan formed Bangladesh Government. The cabinet took oath on 17th April at liberated
area in mango grove of Baidyanathtala (Bhoborpara) Meherpur, Kustia [Present Name is
Mujibnagar]. This government took all policy decisions with respect to liberation war. The
Mujibnagar government headed by Tajuddin Ahmad took oath on 17 April 1971 at
Mujibnagar. This government had also been known as Mujibnagar Government in-exile, as
the activities of the government had been conducted from outside of the territory of
Bangladesh.
Bangladesh government adapted "Declarations of Independence" on 10th April 1971. This has
been the legal basis of Bangladesh constitution after final victory.
1.2 List of Govt. running that Mujibnagar Govt.
Although the government was formed on 10 April and its oath was taken on 17 April 1971,
the portfolios were assigned among the ministers on 18 April. The incumbents of the
government were:
Bangabandhu Sheikh
President
Mujibur Rahman
Vice President, (Entrusted with the powers, functions and
Syed Nazrul Islam responsibilities of the President since the President himself was
then detained in Pakistan).
Prime Minister, In charge of Defence, Information, Broadcasting
and Communications, Economic Affairs, Planning Division,
Tajuddin Ahmad Education, Local Government, Health, Labour, Social Welfare,
Establishment as well as other affairs the responsibility of which
was not yet entrusted to any one.
Khondakar Mostaq Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Law and Parliamentary
Ahmad Affairs.
M Mansur Ali Minister, Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce.
Minister, Ministry of Home, Civil Supplies, Relief and
AHM Qamaruzzaman
Rehabilitation, Agriculture.
Mujibnagar government was divided into fifteen ministries and divisions. Besides, some
divisions were placed under the Cabinet.
2
2.1 List of Brigade Forces
The brigade forces are as follows:
1. Z Force commanded by Lt. Col. Ziaur Rahman, consisted of 1, 3 and 8 East Bengal
Regiment.
1st East Bengal Regiment - Commanding Officer - Major Ziauddin
3rd East Bengal Regiment - Commanding Officer - Major Shafaat Jamil
8th East Bengal Regiment - Commanding Officer - Major Aminul Haque
2. K Force, commanded by Lt. Col. Khaled Mosharraf, was created in September with 4,
9 and 10 East Bengal Regiment.
3. S Force, with Major K.M. Safiullah, was created in October 1971 and consisted of 2
and 11 East Bengal Regiment.
2.1 List of Sectors
Sector Aria Commander
1 Chittagong District, Chittagong Hill Tracts, • Major Ziaur Rahman (April 10,
and the entire eastern area of the Noakhali 1971 – May 15, 1971)
District on the banks of the river Muhuri. • Captain Rafiqul Islam (June 10,
The headquarters of the sector was at 1971 – February 14, 1972)
Harina.
2 Districts of Dhaka, Comilla, and Faridpur, • Major Khaled Mosharraf (April
and part of Noakhali District.The 10, 1971 – September 22, 1971)
headquarters of the sector was at • Major ATM Haider (Sector
Melaghar Commander September 22, 1971 –
February 14, 1972)
3 Area between Churaman Kathi (near • Major K. M. Shafiullah (April 10,
Sreemangal) and Sylhet in the north and 1971 – July 21, 1971)
Singerbil of Brahmanbaria in the south. • Captain A. N. M. Nuruzzaman
(July 23, 1971 – February 14, 1972)
4 Area from Habiganj District on the north to • Major Chitta Ranjan Dutta (April
Kanaighat Police Station on the south 10, 1971 – February 14, 1972)
along the 100 mile long border with India. • Captain A Rab
The headquarters of the sector was initially
at Karimganj and later at Masimpur.
5 Area from Durgapur to Dawki (Tamabil) of • Major Mir Shawkat Ali (April 10,
Sylhet District and the entire area up to 1971 – February 14, 1972)
the eastern borders of the district. The
headquarters of the sector was at
Banshtola.
3
6 Rangpur District and part of Dinajpur • Wing Commander M Khademul
District. The headquarters of the sector Bashar (April 10, 1971 – February
was at Burimari near Patgram. 14, 1972)
7 Rajshahi, Pabna, Bogra and part of • Major Nazmul Huq (April 10 –
Dinajpur District. The headquarters of the September 27, 1971)
sector was at Tarangpur near Kaliaganj. • Major Quazi nooruzzaman
(September 30 – February 14,
1972)
• Subedar Major A Rab
8 In April 1971, the operational area of the • Major Abu Osman Chowdhury
sector comprised the districts of Kushtia, (April 10 – July 17, 1971)
Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Faridpur and • Major Abul Manzoor (August 14,
Patuakhali. At the end of May the sector 1971 – February 14, 1972)
was reconstituted and comprised the
districts of Kuhstia, Jessore, Khulna,
Satkhira and the northern part of Faridpur
district. The headquarters of the sector
was at Benapole.
9 Barisal, Patuakhali, and parts of the district • Major M. A. Jalil (July 17 –
of Khulna and Faridpur.The headquarters December 24, 1971)
of the sector was at Hasnabad • Major MA Manzur
• Major Joynal Abedin
10 This sector was constituted with the naval • Commander HQ BD Forces
commandos. (December 3–16, 1971)
11 Mymensingh and Tangail along with parts • Major Ziaur Rahman (June 26,
of Rangpur - Gaibandha, Ulipur, Kamalpur 1971 – October 10, 1971;
and Chilmari. The headquarters of the • Major Abu Taher (October 10,
sector was at Teldhala until October 10, 1971 – November 2, 1971(injured
then transferred to Mahendraganj. from mine blast);
• Squadron Leader M. Hamidullah
Khan) (November 2, 1971 –
February 14, 1972)
2.3 No. of Gallantry award wins in all category in liberation war 1971
A total of 677 participants of the Liberation War received gallantry awards for their
contribution. Four categories of gallantry awards were created after the war in Bangladesh.
Among them
Bir Sreshtho 7
Bir Uttom 22
Bir Bikrom 175
Bir Protik 426
4
2.4 List of 7 Bir Sreshtho
The Bangladesh Gazette on 15th December 1973 was declared "Bir Sreshtho" award. In the
liberation war 1971, millions of people lost their lives, millions of people injured, millions of
people lost their property, millions of people lost their home and millions of people were
subjected to untold miseries. The seven "Bir Sreshtho" are Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mohiuddin
Jahangir, Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Hamidur Rahman, Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mostofa Kamal, Bir
Sreshtho Shaheed Matiur Rahman, Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mohammad Ruhul Amin, Bir
Sreshtho Shaheed Munshi Abdur Rouf, Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Nur Mohammad Sheikh.
1. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mohiuddin Jahangir
Birthday: March 6, 1945
Birth district: Barisal
Rank: Captain
ID Number: BSS-10439
Squad: Bangladesh Army.
Martyr Day: December 9, 1971
2. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Hamidur Rahman
Birthday: February 2, 1953
Birth district: Jhenaidah
Rank: Sepoy
ID Number: 3943014
Squad: Bangladesh Army
Martyr Day: October 8, 1971
3. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mostofa Kamal
Birthday: December 16, 1947
Birth district: Barishal
Rank: Sepoy
ID Number: 3937798
Squad: Bangladesh Army
Martyr Day: April 18, 1971
4. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Matiur Rahman
Birthday: October 29, 1941
Birth district: Dhaka
Rank: Flight Lieutenant
ID Number: 4367 (Pakistan)
Squad: Bangladesh Air Force
Martyr Day: August 20, 1971
5. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mohammad Ruhul Amin
Birthday: 1935
Birth district: Noakhali
Rank: Engine Room Artificer, Class-1
ID Number: 62066
5
Squad: Bangladesh Navy
Martyr Day: December 10, 1971
6. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Munshi Abdur Rouf
Birthday: May 1, 1943
Birth district: Faridpur
Rank: Lance Nayek
ID Number: Unavailable
Squad: Bangladesh Rifles
Martyr Day: April 18, 1971
7. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Nur Mohammad Sheikh
Birthday: February 26, 1936
Birth district: Jessore
Rank: Lance Nayek
ID Number: 9459
Squad: Bangladesh Rifles
Martyr Day: September 5, 1971
2.5 Name of foreigners & foreign prime minister winning awards
1. The Bangladesh Freedom Honour: Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (India)
2. Bangladesh Liberation War Honour:
President Ram Baran Yadav (Nepal)
President Girija Prasad Koirala (Nepal)
Prime Minister Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala (Nepal)
King Jigmi Dorji Wangchuck (Bhutan)
President Leonid IIyich Brezhnev (Chaina)
President Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny (Chaina)
Prime minister Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (Chaina)
President Marshal Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia)
Prime minister Sir Edward Richard George Heath (England)
President Pranab Mukherjee (India)
Prime minister I. K. Gujral (india)
Prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee (India)
3. Friends of Liberation War Honour:
Friends of Liberation War Honour conferred to individuals, six organisations and
Mitra Bahini. The individuals include 257 Indians, 88 Americans, 41 Pakistanis, 39
Britons, nine Russians, 18 Nepalese, 16 French and 18 Japanese.
6
2.6 Recognition by different countries
Category Country Date
1st country Bhutan 4 December 1971
1st European country Poland 12 January 1972
1st African country Senegal 1 February 1972
1st North American Canada 14 February 1972
1st South American Colombia
1st Communist country Poland 12 January 1972
1st Oceania Tonga 25 January 1972
1st Non-Muslim Country Bhutan 4 December 1971
1st Arab Country Iraq
1st Middle East Country Iraq
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3.1 Amendment
Amendment Date Particulars
no
1st 15 July 1973 the first amended was made to the Article 47
of the constitution. The amendment inserted
an additional clause, Article 47(3) that
allowed punishment and prosecution of war
criminals under international law. A new
Article 47A was also added, which specified
that certain fundamental rights will be
inapplicable in those cases
2nd 22 September 1973 Second amendment of the constitution was
suspended some of the fundamental rights of
the citizens during a state of emergency The
act made following changes to the
constitution:
Amended articles 26, 63, 72 and 142.
Substituted Article 33.
Inserted a new Part IXA to the
constitution.
3rd 28 November 1974 Third Amendment brought changes in Article
2 of the constitution. An agreement was
made between Bangladesh and India in
respect of exchange of certain enclaves and
fixation of boundary lines between the
countries
4th 25 January 1975 1. Amended articles 11, 66, 67, 72, 74,
76, 80, 88, 95, 98, 109, 116, 117, 119,
122, 123, 141A, 147 and 148 of the
constitution
2. Substituted Articles 44, 70, 102, 115
and 124 of the constitution
3. Amended part III of the constitution
out of existence
4. Altered the Third and Fourth Schedule
5. Extended the term of the first Jatiya
Sangsad
6. Inserted a new part, VIA in the
constitution and
7. Inserted new articles 73A and 116A in
the constitution.
8
Significant changes included:
The presidential form of government
was introduced replacing the
parliamentary system.
A one-party system in place of a multi-
party system was introduced;
the powers of the Jatiya Sangsad were
curtailed;
the Judiciary lost much of its
independence;
the Supreme Court was deprived of its
jurisdiction over the protection and
enforcement of fundamental rights
5th 6 April 1979 This Act amended the Fourth Schedule to the
Constitution by adding a new Paragraph 18 in
the Constitution during the period between
15 August 1975 and 9April 1979 (both days
inclusive).
» The expression Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-
Rahim was added before the Preamble of the
Constitution.
Fundamental principles of state policy were
made as absolute trust and faith in the
Almighty Allah, nationalism, democracy and
socialism meaning economic and social
justice.
6th 30 May 1981 Providing, inter alia, that if the Vice President
is elected as President, he shall be deemed to
have vacated his office on the date on which
he enters upon the office of President.
7th 11 November 1986 » The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act
1986 was passed ratifying all the
Proclamations and Proclamation Orders.
» By the same Act the retiring age of the
Judges of the Supreme Court was fixed at 65
in place of 62.
8th 7 June 1988 » Setting up six permanent Benches of the
High Court Division outside thecapital and
authorizing the President to fix by notification
the territorial jurisdiction of the permanent
Benches.
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» By the same Act, Islam was made the state
religion of Bangladesh.
» This Act also amended (i) the word 'Bengali'
into 'Bangla' and 'Dacca' into'Dhaka' in Article
5 of the Constitution, (ii) acceptance of any
title, honours, award or decoration from any
foreign state by any citizen of Bangladesh
without the prior approval of the President.
9th July 1989 » This amendment provided for the direct
election of the Vice-President
» It also provided that a Vice-President might
be appointed in case of avacancy, but the
appointment must be approved by the Jatiya
Sangsad.
10th 12 June 1990 » Reservation of thirty seats for the next 10
years in the Jatiya Sangsad exclusively for
women members, to be elected by the
members of the Sangsad.
11th 6 August 1991. » The Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act
1990 amended Article 65 of the Constitution
» Reservation of thirty seats for the next 10
years in the Jatiya Sangsad exclusively for
women members, to be elected by the
members of the Sangsad.
12th 6 August 1991 » The President became the constitutional
Head of the State
» The Prime Minister became the executive
Head;
» The cabinet headed by the Prime Minister
became responsible to the Jatiya Sangsad and
the post of the Vice-President was abolished
» The President was required to be elected by
the members of the Jatiya Sangsad.
13th 26 March 1996 » Giving all possible aid and assistance to the
Election Commission for holding the general
election of members of the Jatiya Sangsad
peacefully, fairly andimpartially.
» The caretaker government, comprising the
Chief Adviser and not more than10 other
advisers and collectively responsible to the
President.
10
14th 6 May, 2004 » Reservation of 45 seats for women on a
proportional representation basis for the
next 10 years
» Increasing in the retirement age of Supreme
Court Judges from 65 to 67years
15th 30 June 2011 » Caretaker system abolished
» Elections to be held under incumbent
cabinet
» Islam as State religion and ‘Bismillah-Ar-
Rahman-Ar-Rahim’ retained above the
preamble.
» Removal of 'Absolute Faith and Trust in
Allah' from the constitution.
» Revival of Article 12 to restore Secularism
and freedom of religion.
» Maintains the provision allowing religion-
based politics.
» Denies recognizing the indigenous people,
will be termed as tribal and ethnic minorities
» The people of Bangladesh shall be known as
Bangalees as a nation and citizens of
Bangladesh shall be known as Bangladeshis
» Inserted articles 7A and 7B in the
Constitution after Article 7 in a bid to end
take-over of power through extra-
constitutional means and highest level of
punishment would be awarded for those
power capturers by extra-constitutional
means.
» Basic provisions of the constitution are not
amendable.
» In the case of a dissolution Parliament by
any reason, election should be held within 90
days of such dissolution.
» Increasing the number of women reserve
seats to 50 from existing 45.
» The Supreme Command of the defense
services shall vest in the President and the
exercise thereof shall be regulated by law.
» The Chief Justice shall be appointed by the
President, and the other judges shall be
appointed by the President in consultation
with the Chief Justice.
» The portrait of the Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
shall be preserved and display at the offices
of the President, the Prime Minister, the
Speaker, and the Chief Justice and in head
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and branch offices of all government and
semi-government offices, autonomous
bodies, statutory public authorities,
government and non-government
educational institutions, embassies and
missions of Bangladesh abroad.
» Incorporation of speech of Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman on March 7, 1971, declaration of
independence by Mujibur Rahman after
midnight of March 25, 1971 and the
proclamation of Independence declared at
Mujibnagar on April 10, 1971.
16th 20 October, 2014 » Power of Parliament to impeach Supreme
Court Jurdges.
3.2 List of Constitutional Institutions:
1. Public Service Commission (PSC)
2. Election Commission (EC)
3. Comptroller & Auditor General (CAG)
4. Supreme Court
5. Attorney General
6. Administrative Tribunal
7. Ombudsman
3.3 Oath Taking
President from Speaker
Prime Minister from President
Minister from President
Member of Parliament from Speaker
Speaker/Deputy Speaker from President
Chief Justice from President
Justice of Supreme Court from Chief Justice
Comptroller from Chief Justice
PSC Chair from Chief Justice
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4.1 Administrative structure of Bangladesh:
No. of Division: 8 divisions
1. Dhaka Division
2. Chittagong Division
3. Khulna Division
4. Barisal Division
5. Rajshahi Division
6. Rangpur Division
7. Sylhet Division
8. Mymensingh Division
No. of Districts: 64 districts.
No. of Upazilas: 500 upazilas (as of 9 May 2016).
No. of police stations: 615 police stations. . Headquarters -6, Phoenix Road, Fulbaria, Dhaka
– 1000.
No. of Pourashava: 223
No. of City Corporations: 11 City Corporations.
1. Chittagong City Corporation (CCC)
Chittagong Division
2. Comilla City Corporation (COCC)
1. Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC)
2. Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)
Dhaka Division
3. Gazipur City Corporation (GCC)
4. Narayanganj City Corporation (NCC)
Barisal Division 1. Barisal City Corporation (BCC)
Khulna Division 1. Khulna City Corporation (KCC)
Rajshahi Division 1. Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC)
Rangpur Division 1. Rangpur City Corporation (RACC)
Sylhet Division 1. Sylhet City Corporation (SCC)
4.2 No of Ministries:
Ministries: 31
Ministers: 49
Equivalent to Ministers: 3
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4.3 Warrant of precedence
1. Cabinet Ministers of the Republic, Chief Whip, Deputy Speaker of Jatiya Sangsad,
Leader of the Opposition in Jatiya Sangsad;
2. Persons holding status of a Minister without being members of the cabinet, Members
of the cabinet, Mayor of Dhaka;
3. Ambassadors and High Commissioners of the Commonwealth countries accredited to
Bangladesh;
4. Ministers of State of the Republic, Deputy Leader of the opposition in Jatiya Sangsad,
Whip, Chief Election Commissioner, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission,
Judges of the Supreme Court (Appellate Division);
5. Persons accorded status of State Ministers, Election Commissioners, Judges of the
Supreme Court (High Court Division);
6. Deputy Ministers of the Republic;
7. Persons accorded status of Deputy Ministers, Envoys accredited to Bangladesh;
8. Cabinet Secretary, Principal Secretary to the Government, Chief of Staff of Army, Navy
and Air Force;
9. Members of the Jatiya Sangsad;
10. Visiting Ambassadors and High Commissioners not accredited to Bangladesh;
11. Attorney General, Comptroller and Auditor General, Governor of Bangladesh Bank,
Ombudsman;
12. Secretaries to the Government, Officers of the rank of Major General in the Army and
equivalent in the Navy and the Air Force, Inspector General of Police, Chairman of
Public Service Commission, Chairman of University Grants Commission;
13. Officers holding the status of secretaries to the government, Vice Chancellors of
universities, National Professors, Director General of National Security Intelligence;
14. Mayors of municipal corporations (within the jurisdiction of their respective
corporation);
15. Additional Secretaries to the Government, Charges d’ Affairs ad interim of foreign
countries accredited to Bangladesh, Visiting Ambassadors and High Commissioners of
Bangladesh, Professors of Universities in selection grade, Chairman of state
corporations, Chairman of Tariff Commission, Director General of Anti-Corruption
Commission;
16. Officers of the status of Additional Secretaries to the Government, Managing Director
of Bangladesh Biman, Vice Chairman of the Export Promotion Bureau, Members of
National Board of Revenue, Members of the Public Service Commission, Registrar of
Supreme Court;
17. Joint Secretaries to the Government, Commissioners of Divisions (within their
respective charges), Additional Inspector General of Police, Chairman of Rajdhani
Improvement Trust (RAJUK), Officers of the rank of Brigadier in the Army, and
equivalent in the Navy and Air Force, Surveyor General of Bangladesh;
18. Officers of the status of Joint Secretaries of the Government of Bangladesh,
Commissioners of Divisions (outside their respective charges), Deputy Inspector
General of Police (within their respective charges), Inspector General of Prisons,
14
Officers of the rank of Full Colonel in the Army, and equivalent in the Navy and Air
Force;
19. Additional Commissioners (within their respective charges), Mayors of municipal
corporations (outside their respective charges);
20. Chairman of District Councils (Zila Parishad), if elected (within their respective
charges), Deputy Commissioners (within their respective charges), Deputy Inspector
General of Police (outside their respective charges), District and Sessions Judges
(within their respective charges), Officers of the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the
Army, and equivalent in the Navy and Air Force;
21. Deputy Secretaries to the Government, Chairman, if elected, of class-1 municipalities
(within their respective charges), Chairman of upazila parishad (within their respective
charges), Civil Surgeon (within their respective charges), Superintendents of Police
(within their respective charges), Officers of the rank of Major in the Army, and
equivalent in the Navy and the Air Force.
15
Reference
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List & Notes
Mujibnagar Govt Details of http://www.mujibnagar.com/mujibnagar-
Mujibnagar govt. government/mujibnagar-government
Brigade forces BD forces 1971 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_
Armed_Forces
List of sectors Sectors and Sub- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_
sectors Armed_Forces
Gallantry award Wartime https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshi_
gallantry awards honours_system
Bir-sreshthas 7 (Seven) Bir http://celebritynreality.blogspot.com/2014
Sreshtho of /12/7-seven-bir-sreshtho-of-
Bangladesh bangladesh.html
liberation war
Foreign PM winning Special https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshi_
award decoration (For honours_system
Non-national)
Recognition International https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International
Recognition of _recognition_of_Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Amendments Constitutional http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=
Amendments Constitutional_Amendments
Oath takings Schedule III Oath and affirmation, The constitution of
People republic of Bangladesh
Administrative http://www.cabinet.gov.bd/site/page/c3a1
Structure of BD d735-abd6-4655-89ff-
9e506d7537d7/Hon'ble-Ministers
Ministries and ministers http://55bcf4d6-dd85-45c1-94b6-
bcb06e4b1b12/45/Ministries-&-Divisions
Warrant of precedence http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=
Warrant_of_Precedence
16
