Section 2

Structure and Written Expression

Time: 25 minutes
This section is designed to test your ability to recognize language structures that are appropriate in standard written
English. The questions in this section belong to two types, each of which has special directions.

DIRECTIONS: Questions 1-15 are partial sentences. Below each sentence you will see four words or phrases,
marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Select the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer
sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that contains the letter for the answer you have chosen. Fill
in the space completely.

Example I
Drying flowers is the best way ________________ them.
(A) to preserve
(B) by preserving
(C) preserve
(D) preserved
The sentence should state, “Drying flowers is the best way to preserve them.” Therefore, the correct answer
is (A).

Example II
Many American universities ________________ as small, private colleges.
(A) begun
(B) beginning
(C) began
(D) for the beginning
The sentence should state, “Many American universities began as small, private colleges.” Therefore, the correct
answer is (C).

1. Rhododendrons would rather ____ in shady (B) is as old as

places, and so would azaleas (C) that is old as
(A) to grow (D) as old as that
(B) growing 5. According to recent investigations, unselfish
(C) grown motives, such as true empathy, ______ , and
(D) grow commitment to a principle, sometimes surpass
2. _____ are prepared from flour or meal derived self-interest in influencing human behavior.
from some form of grain (A) to have solidarity with others
(A) with bakery products (B) others with solidarity
(B) while bakery products (C) solidarity with others
(C) bakery products (D) one has solidarity with others
(D) they are bakery products 6. The chairman arrived _____ than all the other
3. Most beekeepers have observed ______ at the board members.
approach of the thunderstorm. (A) the earliest
(A) enraging the bees (B) more earlier
(B) that bees become enraged (C) more early
(C) that bees enraging (D) earlier
(D) become enraged the bees
4. Although the name was not popularized until the
Middle of Ages, Engineering _____ Civilization.
(A) as old as
7. The spectators were sitting quietly in the stand 12. Gardeners transplant bushes and flowers by
______ had just been completed moving them from one place to _______.
(A) who (A) other
(B) it (B) others
(C) which it (C) another
(D) which (D) each other
8. Hollywood, the heart of America’s motion picture 13. Exercise can be classified as active or passive
industry, ________ of Los Angeles a century ago. with the former _______ effort and the latter the
(A) was only a quiet suburb use of machines of training assistants.
(B) only quiet suburb was (A) involves physical
(C) quiet suburb only was (B) physics is involved
(D) suburb was quiet only (C) involving physical
9. Florida has not yet ratified the Equal Rights (D) physically involved
amendment, and ______. 14. A ratio is a comparison of ________ whole or a
(A) several other states hasn’t either part to another part.
(B) neither has some others states (A) part to the
(C) some other states also have not either (B) a part to
(D) neither have several other states (C) a part to the
10. The cyclist _______ he crossed the main street. (D) the part to the
(A) looked with caution after 15. The construction if the Alaska Highway
(B) had looked cautiously before ____________ in 1939 and led to a economic
(C) was looked cautious when boom and population growth in Northern
(D) looks cautious when Territories.
11. The soybean contains vitamins, essential (A) was beginning
minerals, ____high percentage of protein. (B) it began
(A) a (C) has been begun
(B) And a (D) was begun
(C) Since a
(D) Of which a
DIRECTIONS: In questions 16-40 every sentence has four words or phrases that are underlined. The four underlined
portions of each sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one word or phrase that makes the sentence
incorrect. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that contains the letter for
the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space completely.
EXAMPLE I
Christopher Columbus has sailed from Europe in 1492 and discovered a new land
A B C
he thought to be India.
D
The sentence should state, “Christopher Columbus sailed from Europe in 1492 and discovered a new land thought to
be India.” Therefore, you should choose answer (A).
EXAMPLE II
As the roles of people in society change, so does the rules of conduct in certain situations.
A B C D
The sentence should state, “As the roles of people in society change, so do the rules of conduct in certain situations.”
Therefore, you should choose answer (B).

16. From a psychological perspective, these people who expect that the worse will happen to him
A B C D
are seldom disappointed.

17. The gopher digs with the big strong claws of its two front foot and with its overhanging front
A B C D
teeth.

18. Same marine invertebrates, such as the sea urchin and the starfish, migrates from deep water
A B
to shallow during spring and early summer to spawn.
C D

19. Although some higher structures have been build in New York City, none characterizes
A B C
the skyline better than the Empire State Building.
D

20. Contrary to popular belief, bananas grown on the soft stalk of a leafy plant and not on trees
A B C
with woody trunks.
D

21. Esperanto is unique among languages because they were invented by a single man, Ludwig
A B C D
Zamenhof.

22. Margaret Mitchell, the author of Gone with the Wind, had researched the Civil War and then
A
had written the story about Georgia and the period that followed the war.
B C D
23. It is not known why many seeds undergo a period of dormancy even during the times when
A B C
conditions for their growth is favorable.
D

24. During the past decade, twenty million college graduates spended more than fifty billion
A B C
dollars in ten-year student loans.
D

25. The gold used in jewelry is not strong enough unless it be alloyed.
A B CD

26. Parallel beams of light converge and can be eventually brought into focus when pass through
A B C
a convex lens to produce a real image on a screen.
D

27. Sedatives are a group of drugs that legally prescribed and should be taken as directed.
A B C D

28. General damage that been caused by aphids or pollution is sometimes known as blight.
A B C D

29. Fred Astaire is said to had been the most popular dancer of his time, but he was also a
A B C
talented actor, singer, and choreographer.
D

30. Rembrandt was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1656, and his possessions were sale.
A B C D

31. In some states, it has against the law to ride a motorcycle without a helmet.
A B C D

32. Paper was so expensive during the Middle Ages that it has to be used sparingly.
A B C D

33. One of the most distinctive plant found in the desert is the Saguaro cactus.
A B C D

34. The stories of Dr. Seuss have been enjoyed by millions of childrens.
A B C D

35. Provide pensions for retired persons is the primary function of the social security system.
A B C D

36. Sloths spend most of its time hanging upside down from trees and feeding on leaves and
A B C
fruit.
D
37. George Herman Ruth, which was better known as Babe Ruth, began his baseball career
A B C D
in 1914 with the Baltimore Orioles.

38. Roman The New York City subway system is the most longest underground railroad operating
A B C D
in the United States.

39. The Slater Mill, built in 1793, it was one of the first successful mills in the United States.
A B C D

40. Blacksnakes ascend trees to reach bird’s nests and ingest the eggs and young birds.
A B C D