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Cisco Routers: © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cisco Public ITE I Chapter 6

Router basic

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94 views

Cisco Routers: © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cisco Public ITE I Chapter 6

Router basic

Uploaded by

Hari Shanker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cisco Routers

ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Cisco Routers models

ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
How to choose the appropriate Cisco router

 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Router Initialization

ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Router components

 Router is typically like a computer which operates with


Two main components

–Hardware (Router physical components )


–Software (IOS)
• Internetworking operating system.
• configuration file

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Router hardware components

1. Power Supply
2. CPU
3. Memory (RAM , NVRAM ,ROM ,Flash )
4. System bus
5. Interfaces
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Router physical characteristics

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Router external connections

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Ports and Interfaces

 Port - normally means one of the management ports used


for administrative access
 Interface normally refers to interfaces that are capable of
sending and receiving user traffic.
 Note: However, these terms are often used
interchangeably in the industry and even with IOS output.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Management
Ports

 Console port - Most common of the management ports


–Used to connect a terminal,
–Or most likely a PC running terminal emulator software,
 No need for network access to that router.
 The console port must be used during initial configuration of the router.

 Auxiliary (AUX) port


 Not all routers have auxiliary ports.
–At times, can be used similarly to a console port
–Can also be used to attach a modem.
 Note: Auxiliary ports will not be used in this curriculum.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Router
Interfaces

 Interface on Cisco routers refers to a physical connector on the router whose main
purpose is to receive and forward packets.
 Routers have multiple interfaces used to connect to multiple networks which may mean:
–Various types of networks
–Different types of media and connectors.
–Different types of interfaces.
 For example, Fast Ethernet interfaces for connections to different LANs and also have
different types of WAN interfaces used to connect a variety of serial links, including T1,
DSL, and ISDN.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Router Interfaces

 Every interface on the router:


–Belongs to a different network

 Cisco IOS will not allow two active interfaces on the


same router to belong to the same network.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
LAN Interfaces

 Ethernet and Fast Ethernet interfaces.


 Used to connect the router to the LAN, similar to how a PC’s Ethernet NIC.
–Layer 2 MAC address
–Participates in the Ethernet LAN the same way as any other hosts on that LAN.
•Example: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP):
–Maintains ARP cache for that interface
–Sends ARP requests when needed
–Responds with ARP replies when required
 Typically an RJ-45 jack (UTP).
–Router to switch: straight-through cable.
–Router to router via Ethernet interfaces, or PC’s NIC to router’s Ethernet
interface: crossover cable.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
WAN Interfaces

 Example: serial, ISDN, and Frame Relay interfaces.


 Used to connect routers to external networks, usually over a larger geographical
distance.
 The Layer 2 encapsulation can be different types including:
–PPP
–Frame Relay
–HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control).
 Similar to LAN interfaces, each WAN interface has its own IP address and subnet
mask, making it a member of a specific network.
 Note: MAC addresses are used only on Ethernet interfaces and are not on WAN
interfaces.
 However, WAN interfaces use their own Layer 2 addresses depending on the
technology.
 Layer 2 WAN encapsulation types and addresses are covered later in the course.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Serial Connectors

 Cisco routers support the EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21,


and EIA/TIA-530 standards for serial connections,
 Memorizing these connection types is not important.
 Just know that a router has a DB-60 port that can support five
different cabling standards.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Serial Connectors

DCE Cable

DTE Cable

 Router is typically a DTE device.


 The DTE cable is connected to the serial interface on
the router to a CSU/DSU device (DCE).

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Physically Connecting
a WAN Interface

 Typically, the router is the DTE


device and is connected to a
CSU/DSU, which is the DCE
device.
–Serial interfaces require a clock
signal to control the timing of the
communications.
–In most environments, the service
provider (a DCE device such as a
CSU/DSU) will provide the clock.
–By default, Cisco routers are DTE
devices

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Serial Connectors

 In our labs we will use serial DTE/DCE cables (no


CSU/DSU) with a DTE cable connected to one router
and a DCE cable connected to the other router.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Ethernet Connectors

 Straight-through
cables are used for:
–Switch-to-router
–Hub-to-router
–Switch-to-PC/server
–Hub-to-PC/server  Crossover cables are used
for:
Switch-to-switch
PC/server-to-PC/server
Switch-to-hub
Hub-to-hub
Router-to-router
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Router-to-PC/server 20
Cisco Software components

• Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System)


 It is the operating system that manages the hardware
platform it is working on.

• Configuration File
 It is a program file that contains commands that
reflect how the router will react.

ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22

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