Second Semester Projects Expanded
Second Semester Projects Expanded
Pascal’s Triangle
Generate Pascal’s Triangle for rows zero to sixteen.
Do the following and be able to explain the following by referring to Pascal’s Triangle:
Explain how each row is generated.
Explain how to use the triangle to calculate combinations.
Explore and explain patterns noticeable in the triangle (e.g. odd numbers, numbers divisible by 3, etc.)
Discuss how the Sierpinski Triangle is related to Pascal's Triangle.
Discuss the Pascal Matrix (including its three configurations)
Conics
Be able to generate or demonstrate the following graphs from two cones:
parabola circle ellipse hyperbola
Explain and give definitions and formulas for the above conics.
Discuss the following terms as they associate with conics:
asymptote horizontal vertical vertex
Sequences and Series
Explain the difference between a sequence and a series. Give examples.
Explain summation notation and give examples.
Explain the differences between geometric and arithmetic series. Give examples.
Numbers
Give symbols, explanations, brief history, and examples for each of the following:
Naturals Complex Numbers Reals
Rationals Integers Algebraic
Irrationals Whole Numbers Transcendental
Division by Zero
Give a brief history about zero.
Give a proof as to why division by zero is undefined.
Special Numbers
The constants 0, 1, i, and e have many important and unique properties.
Explain what these numbers are and the meaning of their values.
Explain how they are related to each other.
Give their development in the history of mathematics.
Explain what these numbers are used for.
Matrices
Explain how to find the inverse of a 2x2 matrix. Give examples.
Explain Cramer's Rule for a 3x3 matrix. Give examples.
Radicals
Explain the history of the radical symbol.
Prove that the square root of 2 is irrational.
Quadratic Formula
Prove the Quadratic Formula by applying the "completing the square" method.
Explain any limitations to the Quadratic Formula.
Logarithms
Explain the natural logarithm. Give examples.
Explain the graph of a logarithm and how it compares to that of an exponential. Give examples.
Explain practical applications of logarithms. Give examples.
Probability I
Explain the Monty Hall Problem and its solution.
Probability II
Explain the Birthday Paradox.
Give a graph of the number of people versus the probability of sharing a birthday.
Apply the paradox to the classroom to calculate the probability that any two people in the room share a birthday.
Combinatorics
Explain the Pigeonhole Principle.
Explain how the Pigeonhole Principle can be used to calculate sample spaces in probability.
Create three problems that use the Pigeonhole Principle and solve them.
Statistics
Gather numerical data by giving one-question surveys or going online. Data in your set must have at least twenty (20) data points.
Responses must be numbers. Give sources for your data. Perform the following:
Write your data set with brackets from least to greatest
Calculate the mean x .
Calculate the median or Q2.
Calculate the mode(s).
Based on the number of modes in your data, are the modes statistically useful?
Calculate the range of the data.
Calculate the first and third quartiles, Q1 and Q3.
Calculate the interquartile range.
Calculate the variance.
Calculate the standard deviation σ.
Represent your data with either a box-and-whisker plot, a stem-and-leaf plot, or a normal curve.
Matrices II
Matrices are used to represent systems of linear equations.
Explain how to solve a system of linear equations in two variables with a matrix and reduced row echelon form. Give
examples.
Explain how to solve a system on linear equations in three variables with a matrix and reduced row echelon form. Give
examples.