12.

2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.1. Mass of benzene = 22 gms.
Mass of carbon tetrachloride = 122 gm
Total mass = 22 + 122 = 144 gms.
Mass of benzene
Mass % of benzene =  100  22  100  15.28 %
totalmass 144
 Mass % of Carbon Tetrachloride = (100 - 15.28) % = 84.72%
A.2. Mass of first solution = 300 gms
25
Mass of solute in it = 25%   300  75 gms
100
Mass of second solution = 400 gms
40

65 A
Mass of solute in it = 40%   400  160 gms
100

8 4 LR
Mass of resulting solution after mixing = (300 + 400) gms = 700 gms
Mass of solute in the resulting solution = (75 + 160) gms = 235 gms
24 A
Now,
12 I K

Mass of Solute
Mass % of solute   100  235  100  33.57 %
Total Mass of Solution 700
93 T

 Mass % of Solvent = (100 - 33.57) % = 66.43%

K

A.3. Mass of Aspirin = 6.5 gms

Mass of acetonitrile = 450 gms
A

Total mass = (6.5 + 450) = 456.5 gms

H

Mass of aspirin
 100  6.5  100  1.424 %
S

Mass % of aspirin  Total Mass 456.5

#

A.4. Let total mass of solution = 100 gms

20
 Mass of ethylene glycol   100  20 gms
100
 Mass of water = (100-20) gms = 80 gms
Number of moles of ethylene glycol
given mass 20
nB    0.322
molar mass 62
given mass 80
Number of moles of water, n A  molar mass  18  4.444

Now, Mole fraction of ethylene glycol ,

nB 0.322 0.322
B     0.068
nA  nB 4.444  0.322 4.766
 Mole fraction of water,  A  1   B  1  0.068  0.932

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 1

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.5. Let total mass of solution = 100 gms
30
 Mass of benzene = 30%   100  30 gms
100
 Mass of carbon tetrachloride = (100 - 30) gms = 70 gms.
given mass 30
No. of moles of benzene = molar mass  78  0.385

given mass 70
No. of moles of carbon tetrachloride    0.454
molar mass 154
no. of moles of benzene
Now, mole fraction of benzene =

65 A
total no. of moles

8 4 LR
0.385 0.385
   0.459
0.385  0.454 0.839
24 A
 mole fraction of carbon tetrachloride = 1- 0.459 = 0.541
12 I K

A.6. Given mass of solute, w B  5 gms

Molar mass of solute, M B  40
93 T

given mass 5 1
K

No. of moles of solute =    0.125

molar mass 40 8
A

Volume of solution = 450 ml

H

No. of moles of solute  1000 0.125  1000

S

Now, molarity =   0. 278 M

Volume of Solution (in ml) 450
#

A.7.
(a) Given mass of solute = w B  30 gms
Molar mass of solute = 58.9 + (62) 2 + 18 (6) = 290.9 gm/mol.
given mass 30
No. of moles of solute, n B  molar mass  290.9 moles

Volume of Solution = 4.3 L

No. of moles of solute 30
Now, molarity = Volume of Solution (in L)  290.9  4.3  0. 024 M

(b) Using molarity equation (in case of dilution), we have

M1V1 = M 2 V2
(Before dilution (After dilution)
M1V1 0.5 M  30 ml
 M2    0.03 M
V2 500 ml

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.8. Volume of solution = 250 ml
Molarity of solution = 0.15 M
Molar mass of solute = MB=122 g/mol
No. of moles of solute  1000
Now, molarity = Volume of solution (in ml)

 WB  1000
 
Molarity  
 M B  Volume of Solution (in ml)
WB 1000
 0.15  
122 250

65 A
0.15  122  250
 WB   4.575 gms

8 4 LR
1000
A.9. Let total mass of solution = 100 gms
24 A
68
 Mass of solute (nitric acid) present in it = 68%   100 gms  68 gms
12 I K

100
Density of solution = 1.504 gm/ml.
Mass of Solution 100
93 T

Volume of Solution   ml
Density 1.504
K
A

given mass 68
No. of moles of solute = molar mass  63 moles
H
S

no. of moles of solute  1000

Now, molarity  volume of solution (in ml)
#

 68 
   1000 68 1000 680  1.504
63
     1.504   16.23 M
 100  63 100 63
 
 1.504 
Molarity = 16.23 M
A.10. Let the maximum molarity i.e. solubility of CuS in water at the given temperature
be ‘x’ M.
Now, according to the reaction,
 Cu 2 (aq)  S2 (aq)
CuS (Solid)  H 2 O 

We have,  Cu 2   x M , S2   x M and Ksp   Cu 2  S2   x  x  x 2

 6  1016  x 2
or x  6  108  2.45  108 M
CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 3
12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.11. Given mass of solute, w B  2.5 gms
Molar mass of solute i.e. CH 3COOH  60 gms / mole
given mass 2.5
no. of moles of solute = molar mass  60 moles

Mass of solvent, w A  75 gms

no. of moles of solute  1000 2.5  1000
Now, molality    0.556 m
mass of solvent (in gms) 60  75
A.12. Mass of solution = 2.5 kg = 2500 gms
Molality of solution = 0.25 m
The given solution is a dilute solution and therefore

65 A
Mass of solvent = Mass of solution = 2500 gms.
Let mass of solute = x gms

8 4 LR
Molar mass of solute (urea) = 60 gms / mole
24 A
given mass x
no. of moles of solute  
12 I K

molar mass 60
no. of moles of solute  1000
Now, Molality 
mass of solvent (in gms)
93 T
K

x 1000 0.25  60  2500

 0.25   or x  37.5 gms
A

60 2500 1000
H

A.13. Mass of solvent (water), wA = 1 kg = 1000 gms.

Mass of solute (Na+ ions), wB = 92 gms.
S

Molar mass of solute, MB = 23 gms / mole

#

given mass 92
no. of moles of solute = molar mass  23  4 moles

no. of moles of solute 4 moles

Now, molality mass of solvent (in kg)  1 kg  4 m


A.14. Mass of solute, wB = 1.5 mg  1.5  103 gms

Molality of solution = 1.5  103 m
Molar mass of solute, M B  12 (19)  1 (21)  (14(1)  16(3)  311
no.of moles of solute  1000
Now, molality =
mass of solvent (in gms)

31.5  103  1000 1000

 1.5  10   x  3.2 gms and
311  x 311
mass of solution = mass of solvent + mass of solute = 3.2 + 0.0015 = 3.2 gms

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 4

 12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.15. Let mass of solution = 100 gms, density of solution = 1.202 gm / ml
 mass of solute in it, WB = 20 gms
and mass of solvent, WA = (100 - 20) gms = 80 gms
given mass 20
No. of moles of solute, n B    0.12
molar mass 166
given mass 80
No. of moles of solvent, n A  molar mass  18  4.444

Mass of solution 100

Volume of solution =   83.195 ml
Density 1.202
n B  1000 0.12  1000
Molarity    1.44 M

65 A
(i)
Volume of Solution (in ml) 83.195

8 4 LR
n B  1000 0.12  1000
(ii) Molality    1.5 m
w A (in gms) 80
24 A
12 I K

nB 0.12 0.12
(iii) Mole fraction of KI,  B  n  n  4.444  0.12  4.564  0.0263
A B

A.16. The given aqueous glucose solution is 10% (w/w).

93 T

 10 gms of glucose (solute) is dissolved in 100 gms of solution.

K

Mass of solvent, wA = (100-10) gms = 90 gms , Density of soluion = 1.2 gm/ml

A

w B 10 1
No. of moles of solute, B M  180  18 moles
n 
H

B
S

w A 90
No. of moles of solvent, n A  M  18  5 moles
#

1 91
Total no. of moles = n A  n B  5   moles
18 18
Mass of Solution 100
 Volume of Solution    83.33 ml
Density 12
n B  1000 1 1000
(i) Molarity  Volume of solution (in ml)  18  83.33  0.67 M

n B  1000 1 1000
(ii) Molarity = w (in gms)  18  90  0.617 m
A

nB 1 / 18 1
(iii) Mole fraction of solute ,  B  n  n  91 / 18  91  0.01
A B

 Mole fraction of solvent ,  A  1   B  1  0.01  0.99

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 5

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.17. Let moles of Na2 CO3 = x
 Moles of NaHCO3 = x (as the mixture contains equimolar amounts of the two
components)

Mass of Na2CO3 = no. of moles × molar mass = x × 106 = 106 x gms

Mass of NaHCO3 = no. of moles × molar mass = x × 84 = 84 x gms
Total mass = 106 x + 84 x = 190 x
1
 190 x = 1 or x
190
1
 Moles of Na 2 CO3  moles of NaHCO3  x  moles
190
Now, according to the stoichiometry of the following reactions ,

65 A
Na 2 CO3  2HCl 
 2 NaCl  H2 O  CO2

8 4 LR
NaHCO3  HCl 
 NaCl  H 2 O  CO 2
24 A
12 I K

Total moles of HCl required

1 1 3
2   for Na 2 CO3   1  (For NaHCO3 )  moles
190 190 190
93 T
K

No. of moles of HCl 1000

A

Finally, Molarity of HCl solution =

Volume of Solution (in ml)
H

3 1000 3000
S

0.1    x  157.89 ml
190 x 19
#

A.18. Mass of solute, wB = 222.6 gms,

density of solution = 1.072 g/ml.
Mass of solvent, w A  200 gm
 Mass of solution = 222.6 + 200 = 422.6 gm
Mass of Solution 422.6
Volume of solution =   394.2 ml
Density 1.072
given mass 222.6
No of moles of solute, n B  molar mass  62  3.59 moles

n B  1000 3.59  1000

Now, molarity = Volume of Solution (in ml)   9.1 M
394.2
n B  1000 3.59  1000
Also, molality = w (in gms)   17.95 m
A 200

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 6

 12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.19. The given solution (drinking water) is 15 ppm by mass.
It means that 15 gms of solute (CHCl3) is present in 106 gms of solution.
For such a dilute solution, mass of solvent = mass of solution = 106 gms.
Mass of Solute 15
(i) Mass % of Solute   100  6  100  1.5  103%
Mass of Solution 10

n B  1000  w  1000 15 1000

(ii) Molality   B    6  1.255  10 4 m
w A (in gms)  M B  w A 119.5 10
A.20. According to Henry’s law,
At a constant temperature, the mass of the gas (m) dissolved in solution is
directly proportional to the partial pressure (P) of the gas.
m1 P1

65 A
 m  p  
m2 P2

8 4 LR
P1m 2 1 bar  5.00  102 gm
P2    7.62 bar
24 A
 m1 6.56  103 gm
12 I K

A.21. Volume of water = 1 L = 1000 ml

Density of water = 1 gm / ml (assumed)
Mass of water = Volume × density = 1000 × 1 = 1000 gm
93 T

given mass 1000

K

No. of Moles of water = molar mass  18  55.55 moles

A

Partial pressure of nitrogen, PN 2 = 0.987 bar

H

Henry’s law constant for N2, KH = 76.48 K bar = 76480 bar

S

Now, According to Henry’s law

#

PN 2 n N2 0.987
PN 2  K H  N 2  N2   
KH n N 2  n H 2O 76480

0.987  55.55
 76480 n N 2  0.987 n N 2  0.987 n H 2O  n N2 
76479.013
Now,
Millimoles of N 2  1000  moles of N 2
1000  0.987  55.55 987  55.55
 
76479.013 76479.013
987  55.55
Let x 
76479.013
log x  2.9943  1.7447  4.8835  0.1445  1.8555
x  7.169  10 1  0.7169 millimoles

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 7

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.22. The solubility of H2S in water at S.T.P. = 0.195 m
It means that 0.195 moles of H2S are present in 1000 gm of H2O at 273 K, 1atm.
given mass 1000
no of moles of water, n H2O  molar mass  18  55.555

Now, according to Henry’s law

PH 2S  K H x H 2S

PH2S 1 atm 55.75

KH     285.9 atm
x H2S  0.195  0.195
 
 0.195  55.555 
= 285.9 × 1.013 bar = 289.6 bar

65 A
A.23. Henry’s law constant for CO2, KH = 1.67×108 Pa

8 4 LR
K H  1.67  108 Pa  1.67  103 bar  1670 bar  1670  0.987 atm  1648.29 atm
Partial pressure of CO2, PCO2 = 2.5 atm
24 A
Volume of soda water = 500 ml
12 I K

Density of soda water = 1 gm / ml (assumed)

 Mass of soda water = 500 × 1 = 500 gms
93 T

given mass 500

 No. of moles of soda water    27.78 moles
K

molar mass 18
A

Now, according to Henry’s law, we have

H

PCO2 = KH . x CO 2
S

PCO2 n CO 2 2.5 2.5 n H2O

x CO2   n CO2 
#

 KH  n CO 2  n H 2O 1648.29 
1644.79
w CO2 2.5  27.78 27.78  44  2.5
    1.86 gms
44 1644.79 1644.79
A.24. Henry’s law constant for CH4 = 4.27 × 105 mm Hg
Partial pressure of CH4 = 760 mm Hg
Now, according to Henry’s law
PCH4 760
PCH4  K H . x CH4  x CH4   5
 1.78  10 3
KH 4.27  10
A.25. Step I : Calculation of Partial pressures :
20
Partial pressure of oxygen   10 atm  2 atm  2  760 mm Hg
100
79
Partial pressure of nitrogen =   10 atm  7.9 atm  7.9  760 mm Hg
100

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 8

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
Step II : To find the compositon of O2 and N2 dissolved in water
According to Henry’s law , we have
PO2  K H . x O 2 , PN 2  K H . x N 2
PO2 PN 2
 x O2  , x N2 
KH KH
2  760 mm Hg 7.9  760 mm Hg
x O2  x N2 
 3.30  10 7 mm Hg , 6.51  10 7 mm Hg

 x O2  4.606  105 , x N2  9.22  105

A.26. Let chloroform (CHCl3) = component ‘A’ and
dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) = component ‘B’ , so that

65 A
PAO  200 mm Hg , PBO  415 mm Hg

8 4 LR
w A  25.5 gm , w B  40 gm
24 A
M A  119.5 , M B  85
12 I K

wA 255 w B 40
nA    0.213 , nB    0.470
M A 119.5 M B 85
93 T

nA 0.213
xA    0.312 , x  1  x  1  0.312  0.688
K

n A  n B 0.213  0.470 B A
A

PA  PAO x A  200  0.312  62.4 mm Hg ,

H

PB  PBO x B  415  0.688  285.52 mm Hg

S

Psolution = PA  PB  62.4  285.52  347.92 mm Hg

#

(ii) Mole fraction of component ‘A’ in vapour phase is given by ,

PA 62.4
 yA    0.18  y B  1  y A  1  0.18  0.82
PA  PB 347.92
A.27. PAO  450 mm Hg, PBO 700 mm Hg
Let x A  a  x B  1  xA  1  a
Given that , P solution = 600 mm Hg
PA  PB  600
PAO x A  PBO x B  600
450 a + 700 (1 - a) = 600
700 - 250 a = 600  a = 0.4
 x A  0.4, PA  PAO x A  450  0.4  180 mm Hg
x B  1  x A  1  0.4  0.6, PBO  PBO x B  700  0.6  420 mm Hg

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 9

 12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
Step II : To find vant hoff factor (i)
Tf (Calculated) = Kfm = 1.86 ×0.5 = 0.93 K
Tf (observed) = 1°C = 1 K (Because Tf is the difference of two temperatures)
Tf (observed) 1
i   1.0753
Tf (Calculated) 0.93
Step III : To find degree of dissociation (  ) and dissociation constant (Ka)
FCH 2 COOH 
 FCH 2 COO   H 
moles before dissociation n 0 0
moles after dissociation n (1  ) n n
Conc. before dissociation C 0 0

65 A
Conc. after dissociation C (1  ) C C

8 4 LR
Observed no. of moles n (1  )  n  n
i  1 
normal no. of moles n
24 A
i  1      i  1  1.0753  1  0.0753
12 I K

 FCH 2 COO    H   C. C C 2 0.5 (0.0753) 2

Ka    
 FCH 2 COOH  C (1   ) 1   1  0.0753
93 T
K

5  (7.53) 2
Ka   103  3.07  103
A

9.247
H

A.56. Let volume of solution = x ml , density of solution = 1.41 gm / ml

S

 mass of solution = volume × density = 1.41 x gm

#

69
mass of HNO3 present in it = 69% =  1.41x gm
100
According to question,
69 23  100
 1.41 x  23  x  23.64 ml
100 69  1.41
A.57. Let water = component A, ethanol = component B & acetic acid = component C
and total mass of the solution = 100 gms, so that
25
(i) w A  25 gm, M A  18 gm / mol, n A   1.389
18
25
(ii) w B  25 gm, M B  46 gm / mol, n B   0.543
46
50
(iii) w C  50 gm, M B  60 gm / mol, n C   0.833
60
n A  n B  n C  1.89  0.543  0.833  2.765

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 0

 12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
Now,
nB 1.389
xA    0.502
n A  n B  n C 2.765
nB 0.543
xB    0.196
n A  n B  n C 2.765
x C  1  x A  x B  1  0.502  0.196  0.302
A.58. Let water = component A, Acetic acid = component B & ethanol = component C
so that
12
(i) w B  12 gm, M A  18, nA   0.67
18

65 A
108
(ii) w B  108 gm, M B  60, nB   1.8

8 4 LR
60
92
24 A
(iii) w C  92 gm, M C  46, nC  2
46
12 I K

n A  n B  n C  0.67  1.8  2  4.47

nA 0.67 nB 1.8
Now, x A    0.15 , xB    0.40
93 T

n A  n B  n c 4.47 n A  n B  n c 4.47
K

and x C  1  x A  x B  1  0.15  0.40  0.45

A

A.59. Let volume of H 2SO 4 solution required = x ml , density = 1.80 gm / ml

H

Mass of H 2SO 4 solution = Volume × density = 1.8x gm

S

80
#

Massof H 2SO 4  80%of mass of H 2SO 4 solution   1.8x 1.44 x gm

100
given mass 1.44 x
Moles of H 2SO 4  
molar mass 98
no of moles of solute  1000
Now, Molarity  volume of solution (in ml)

1.44x 1000 19.6

 0.2    x  13.6 ml
98 1000 1.44
A.60. Molarity of aq KOH Solution = 6.90 M
It means that 6.9 moles of KOH are present in 1000 ml of solution
Let density of solution = x gm/ml
Mass of solution = Volume × density = 1000 x gm
30
Mass of KOH in it = 30%   1000 x  300 x
100

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 1

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
given mass 300 x
Moles of KOH in it = molar mass  56

A.T.Q.
300 x 6.9  56
6.9  x  1.288 gm / ml
56 300
A.61. Let volume of water = 1000 ml
Density of water = 1 gm / ml
Mass of water = Volume ×density = 1000 × 1 = 1000 gms
given mass 1000
Moles of water  molar mass  18  55.55 moles

65 A
no. of moles of Solute  1000 55.55  1000
Now, Molarity    55.55 M

8 4 LR
Volume of Solution (in ml) 1000
A.62. w B  18 gm, M B  180 gm / mol, Vsolution = 500 ml,
24 A
w B 18 1
12 I K

nB    moles
M B 180 10
n B  1000 1 1000
Molarity     0.2 M
93 T

Vsolution (in ml) 10 500

K

Density of the solution is needed to calculate the molality.

A

A.63. N um ber of Cl  ions = 1.505 × 1023

H

1.505  1023 1
S

Moles of Cl ions =
 
6.22  1023 4
#

1 1 1 1
 Moles of CaCl 2   moles of Cl  ions   
2 2 4 8
Volume of solution = 500 ml
no. of moles of solute  1000 1 1000
Molarity     0.25 M
Volume of solution (in ml) 8 500
A.64. Volume of 1st solution = 100 ml
5 1
Moles of NaOH in it  
40 8
n B  1000 1 1000
Molarity of 1st solution     1.25 M
Vsolution (in ml) 8 100
Now, using molarity equation for mixing of solution, we have
M1V1  M 2 V2  M 3 V3
(1.25) (100)  (0.2) (200)  x (100  200)

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 2

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
165
x  0.55 M
300
A.65. Volume of Solution = 5 litre
Density of solution = 0.98 kg / litre
 Mass of solution = volume × density = 5 × 0.981 = 4.905 kg = 4905 gms

Molality of solution = 2m
 2 moles of solute (M.M. = 32) are dessolved in 1000 gm of solvent
or 2 mole (= 2 × 32 gms) of solute are dissolved in 1000 gm of solvent
or 2 moles (= 64 gms) of solute are present in 1064 gm of solution
Now,
1064 gm of solution contains CH3OH = 2 moles

65 A
2  4905
 4905 gm of solution will contains CH3OH   9.22 moles

8 4 LR
1064
A.66. w B  5.6 gm, w A  100 gm, M B  137  (17) 2  8(18)  315 gm / mol
24 A
wB 1000 5.6 1000
12 I K

Molality    
M B w A (in gms) 315 100
 0.178 m

 Ba(OH)2   0.178 m   OH    2   Ba(OH) 2   2  0.178  0.356 m

93 T

A.67. wB = 20.7 gm, Vsolution = 500 ml, dsolution = 1 gm/ml

K

Therefore, mass of solution = v × d = 500 × 1 = 500 gm

A

 w A  500  w B  500  20.7  479.3 gm

H

w B 20.7
S

nB  
M B 138
#

n B  1000 20.7 1000

Now, molality     0.313 m
w A (in gms) 138 479.3

 wB  1000
A.68. Molality   
 M B  w A (in gms)
x 1000
 1.55    x  1.55  92  142.6 gm
46 2000
A.69. Molarity of solution = 2.05 M
 nB = 2.05 moles, Vsolution = 1000 ml
Mass of solution = Volume × density = 1000 × 1.02 = 1020 gm
Mass of solute = number of moles × molar mass = 2.05 × 60 = 123 gm
 Mass of solvent , wA = 1020 - 123 = 897 gm
n B  1000 2.05  1000
Now, molality = w (in gms)   2.29 m
A 897

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 3

 12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
A.70. Mass of sugar syrup (solution) = 214.2 gms
Mass of sugar (solute) = 34.2 gms
 Mass of solvent, wA = 214.2 - 34.2 = 180 gm
w B 34.2
Moles of solute, n B    0.1 moles
M B 342
w A 180
Moles of solvent, n A    10 moles
M A 18
n B  1000 0.1  1000
(i) Molality  w (in gms)  180  0.56 m
A

nB 0.1 0.1
xB     0.0099

65 A
(ii) n A  n B 10  0.1 10.1

8 4 LR
A.71. Molality of solution = 2.5 m = 2.5 moles / kg
 n B  2.5 moles, w A  1 kg  1000 gm
24 A
w A 1000
12 I K

nA    55.55 moles
MA 18
nB 2.5 2.5
93 T

Now, x B  n  n  55.55  2.5  58.05  0.043

K

A B

A.72. Let benzene = component ‘A’, Toluene = component ‘B’ and n A  n B  100
A

Given that x A  0.5

H
S

nA nA
  0.5   0.5  n A  50
nA  nB
#

100
 n B  100  50  50
Mass of benzene, w A  n A  M A  50  78 gm
Mass of toluene, w B  n B  M B  50  92 gm
Total mass of solution = (50 × 78 + 50 × 92) = 50 × 170 gm
50  78
 Mass % of benzene  50  170  100  45.9%

A.73. Let n A  n B  100, given that xA = 0.85

nA
xA 
nA  nB
nA
0.85   n A  85  n B  100  85  15 moles
100
Mass of solvent , w A  n A  M A  85  18 gms

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 4

 12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
n B  1000 15  1000
Now, molality  w (in gms)  85  18  9.8 m
A

wB 4 1
A.74. wB = 4 gm, MB = 40  nB    moles
M B 40 10
1
Volume of solution = 1 decilitre = L  100 ml
10
Density of solution = 1.038 gm/ml
Therefore, mass of solution = 100 × 1.038 = 103.8 gm
 Mass of solvent, w A  10.38  4  99.8 gm
99.8
Moles of solvent, n A   5.54 moles

65 A
18

8 4 LR
nB 0.1 0.1
(i) xB     0.018
n A  n B 5.54  0.1 5.64
24 A
12 I K

n B  1000 0.1  1000

(ii) Molarity = V  1M
solution (in ml) 100
n B  1000 0.1  1000
93 T

(iii) Molality    1.002 m

K

w A (in gms) 99.8

A.75. Molarity of solution = 18 M , density = 1.84 gm / ml
A

 nB = 18 moles, Volume of solution = 1000 ml

H

Mass of solution = volume × density = 1000 × 1.84 = 1840 gm

S

Mass of solute = nB × MB = 18 × 98 = 1764 gm

#

Mass of solvent = 1840 - 1764 = 76 gm

w A 76
Moles of Solvent, n A    4.22 moles
M A 18
1764
(i) Mass % of solute   100  95.87 %
1840
nB 18 18
(ii) xB     0.81
n A  n B 4.22  18 22.22

2 80.575 1
A.76. w B  8.0575  10 kg  80.575 gm, n B   moles
323 4
Volume of solution = 1 dm3 = 1 L
Density of solution = 1072.2 kg/m3 = 1.0772 kg/litre
 Mass of solution = V × d = 1 × 1.0772 Kg = 1077.2 gm
Mass of solvent, wA = 1077.2 - 80.575 = 996.626 gm

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 5

 12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
w A 996.625
Moles of solvent, n A    55.37 moles
MA 18
n B  1000 1 1000
(i) Molarity     0.25 m
Vsolution (in ml) 4 1000
n B  1000 1 1000
(ii) Molality     0.25 m
w A (in gms) 4 996.625
nB 0.25
(iii) xB    0.0045
n A  n B 55.37  0.25
A.77. Henry’s Law constant, K H  4.34  104 atm

65 A
Partial pressumre of the gas, Pgas = 0.2 atm

8 4 LR
Let volume of water = 1000 ml = 1 L
Density of water = 1 gm/ml
Mass of water = v × d = 1000 × 1 = 1000 gm
24 A
1000
12 I K

Moles of water, n H 2O =  55.55 moles

18
According to Henry’s law
93 T

P gas = KH. xgas

K

PO2 n O2 PO 2
x O2  
A

 KH  n O2  n H 2 O KH
H

n O2 0.2 n O2 1
S

   
n O2  n H 2 O 43400 n O2  n H 2 O 217000
#

217000 n O2  n O2  n H 2O  216999 n O2  n H2O

n H 2O 55.55
n O2  
216999 216999
log n O2  1.747  5 3365  3.5918  4.4082  n O2  2.55  104 moles

2.55  104 moles

[O2 ]   2.55  10 4 M
1litre
A.78. Mass of water = volume × density = 1000 × 1 = 1000 gms
1000
Moles of water, n H2O   55.55 moles
18
0.02
Moles of nitrogen , n N2   7.143  10 4 moles
28

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 6

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
n N2 7.143  10 4
x N2    1.29  105
n N 2  n H 2O 55.55
Now, according to Henry’s law : Pgas = KH xgas
Pgas 1 atm
KH   5
 7.75  10 4 atm
x gas 1.29  10
A.79. PCO 2 4 atm  4  1.01325 bar
Mass of water = Volume × density = 1000 ml × 1 gm / ml = 1000 gm
1000
Moles of water, n H2O   55.55 moles
8
Henry’s law constant, K H  1.67 K bar  1670 bar

65 A
8 4 LR
Let mass of CO 2  x gms
x
moles of CO2, n CO2  moles
24 A

44
12 I K

According to Henry’s law,

Pgas n CO2 4.053
Pgas = KH xgas  xgas =  
93 T

KH n CO 2  n H 2O 1670
K

On cross multiplying , shifting the terms , we get

A

1665.947 n CO2  4.053 n H 2O

H

x
1665.947   4.053  55.55
S

44
#

4.053  55.55  44
 x  5.95 gms
1665.947
A.80. For a mixture of non reacting gases only, the mole fraction of gases is the same as
is their volume percentage.
 x N 2  79%  0.79, x O 2  21%  0.21
According to Dalton’s law of partial pressures ,
PO2  x O2  Ptotal  0.21  1 atm  0.21 atm
PN 2  x N 2  Ptotal  0.79  1 atm  0.79 atm
Now, According to Henry’s law
Pgas  x gas or Pgas  K H x gas
PN 2 K H( N 2 ) x N 2
 
PO 2 K H(O2 ) x O 2

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 7

12.2 SOLUTIONS NUMERICALS
x N2 PN 2  K H(O 2 ) 0.79  4.56  104
   2
x O2 PO 2  K H( N 2 ) 0.21  8.54  104

 x N 2 : x O2  2 :1
A.81. Let
Benzene = component ‘A’ Toluene = Component ‘B’ & w A  w B  78  92 gms
w A 78  92
 nA    92 moles
MA 78
w B 78  92
nB    78 moles
MB 92

65 A
nA 92 92
xA     0.541

8 4 LR
n A  n B 92  78 170
x B  1  x A  1  0.541  0.459
24 A
Now, Psolution = PA  PB  PAO x A  PBO x B
12 I K

Pso lution  150 (0.541)  50 (0.459)  81.15  22.95  104.1 torr

A.82. Benzene = Component ‘A’, Toluene = Component ‘B’
93 T

PaO  0.256 bar, PBO  0.0925 bar, x B  0.6

K

 x A  1  x B  1  0.6  0.4
A

PA  PAO x A  0.256  0.4  0.1024 bar

H
S

PB  PBO x B  0.0925  0.6  0.0555 bar

#

Ptotal  PA  PB  0.1024  0.0555  0.1579 bar

(ii) Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase (yA) is given by
PA 0.1024
yA    0.648
PA  PB 0.1579
y B  1  y A  1  0.648  0.352
A.83. Ethanol = ‘A’, methanol = ‘B’
PAO  44.5 mm Hg, PBO  88.7 mm Hg
60
w A  60 gm, M A  46, n A   1.304 moles
46
40
w B  40 gm, M B  32, n B   1.25 moles
32
nA 1.304 1.304
xA     0.51
n A  n B 1.304  1.25 2.554

CBSE CHEMISTRY (12.2) 2 8