Flat Glass: Standard Specification For
Flat Glass: Standard Specification For
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for annealed, 3.1 For additional definitions of terms, Refer to Terminol-
monolithic flat glass of rectangular shape supplied as cut sizes ogy C 162.
or stock sheets. This specification is applicable for laboratory 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and field evaluation only to the extent that such evaluation can 3.2.1 bevel—an angled surface at the edge of a lite of glass.
be carried out in accordance with the test method(s) prescribed 3.2.2 blemish —an imperfection in the body or on the
herein. surface of the glass. For the purpose of this specification
1.2 This specification covers the quality requirements of blemishes are divided into three categories:
flat, transparent, clear and tinted glass having glossy, appar- 3.2.2.1 crush blemish—a lightly pitted condition with a dull
ently plane and smooth surfaces. The glass is intended to be gray appearance.
used primarily for mirrors, coatings, glazing, and general 3.2.2.2 linear blemish—Scratches, rubs, digs, and other
architectural or similar uses. similar imperfections.
NOTE 1—Reflective distortion is not addressed in this specification.
3.2.2.3 point blemish—knots, dirt, stones, gaseous inclu-
NOTE 2—There may be blemishes or other glass quality requirements sions and other similar imperfections
that are not addressed in this specification. 3.2.3 chip depth—the measured distance of a chip from the
face of the glass into the thickness.
1.3 This specification covers the quality requirements of
3.2.4 chip length —the distance parallel to the edge of the
patterned or wired glasses intended to be used primarily for
glass from one edge of a chip to the other.
decorative and general glazing applications.
3.2.5 chip width—the perpendicular distance from the edge
1.4 The dimensional values stated in metric units are to be
of the glass to the inner edge of the chip.
regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in
3.2.6 cut sizes—glass ordered cut to its final intended size.
parentheses are for information only.
3.2.7 digs—deep, short scratches.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.8 dirt—a small particle of foreign matter embedded in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the surface of a flat glass sheet.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.9 fire cracks—small, sometimes microscopic fissures in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the edge of wired or patterned glass.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.10 flare—a protrusion on the glass edge or corner of an
2. Referenced Documents otherwise rectangular surface.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2.11 gaseous inclusion—a round or elongated bubble in
C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products2,3 the glass.
2.2 Other Standards: 3.2.12 knot—an inhomogeneity in the form of a vitreous
NFRC 300 Procedure for Determining the Solar Optical lump.
Properties for Simple Fenestration Products4 3.2.13 lines—fine cords or strings, usually on the surface of
sheet glass.
3.2.14 patterned glass—rolled flat glass having a pattern on
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
one or both surfaces.
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.08 on Flat 3.2.15 ream—a linear distortion due to non-homogeneous
Glass. layers of flat glass.
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originally 3.2.16 rub—abrasion of a glass surface producing a frosted
published as C 1036 – 85. Last previous edition C 1036 – 91 (1997).
2
Latest issue, unless otherwise specified by the agency applying Specification appearance.
C 1036. 3.2.17 scratch—damage on a glass surface in the form of a
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. line caused by the relative movement of an object across and in
4
National Fenestration Rating Council, 1300 Spring Street, Suite 500, Silver
Spring, MO 20910.
contact with the glass surface.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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(cut-size or stock sheets) for use in the production of general 5.1.1.1 Shell Chips—Shell chips are permitted. (See Table 6
use mirrors and other applications.
for acceptance criteria.)
Quality-Q3 Recommended or intended, or both, 5.1.1.2 V-Chips—V-Chips are not permitted.
(cut-size or stock sheets) for architectural applications including 5.1.2 Dimensional Tolerances —Tolerances for length,
reflective and low emissivity coated glass
products, and other select glazing applications.
width, squareness, and thickness shall be in accordance with
Table 1.
Quality-Q4 Recommended or intended, or both, 5.1.3 Blemishes —Allowable blemishes are addressed in
(cut-size or stock sheets) for general glazing applications.
Section 6 and in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.
4.1.2 Type II—Patterned and Wired Flat Glass: 5.1.4 Uniformity—For cut sizes of glass with a thickness of
Class 1 - Clear 6 mm (1⁄4 in.), or less the glass shall not vary in thickness more
Class 2 - Tinted: than 0.1 mm (.004 in.) over a 100 mm (4 in.) area.
Quality Intended Use 5.1.5 Distortion—Reams, strings, lines and other allowable
Quality-Q5 Intended for use where design and aes- distortion (in transmission) are addressed in Section 6 and
thetic characteristics are major consid- Table 5.
erations.
5.1.6 Squareness—The squareness requirements for cut
Quality-Q6 Intended for general glazing where glass are shown in 6.1.8 and in Table 1.
functional characteristics are a consid- 5.2 Requirements for Type II, (Patterned and Wired Flat
eration and where blemishes are not a Glass)
major concern.
5.2.1 Wired (Forms 1 and 2)
5.2.1.1 Form 1 (Polished Both Sides)—Glass may contain
Form Description waviness that does not interfere with vision normal to the
Form 1 Wired Glass, polished both sides surface.
5.2.1.2 Form 2 (Patterned One or Both Sides)—Glass shall
Form 2 Wired Glass, patterned surfaces not contain fire cracks.
5.2.1.3 Dimensional Tolerances—Tolerance for length,
Designation Traditional
mm in. Length and WidthA
mm Designation
min max min max 6 mm (6 in.) 6 mm (6 in.) 6 mm (6 in.)
1.0 micro-slide 0.79 1.24 0.031 0.049 1.6 (⁄ )
1 16 2.0 (⁄ )
5 64 6.4 ⁄
14
2.0 picture 1.80 2.13 0.071 0.084 1.6 (1⁄16) 2.0 (5⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
2.5 single 2.16 2.57 0.085 0.101 1.6 (1⁄16) 2.0 (5⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
2.7 lami 2.59 2.90 0.102 0.114 1.6 (1⁄16) 2.0 (5⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
B
3.0 double-1⁄8 in. 2.92 3.40 0.115 0.134 1.6 (1⁄16) 2.0 (5⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
4.0 ⁄
5 32 in. 3.78 4.19 0.149 0.165 1.6 (1⁄16) 2.0 (5⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
5.0 ⁄
3 16 in. 4.57 5.05 0.180 0.199 1.6 (1⁄16) 2.0 (5⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
6.0 ⁄ in.
14 5.56 6.20 0.219 0.244 1.6 (⁄ )
1 16 2.0 (⁄ )
5 64 6.4 ⁄
14
8.0 ⁄
5 16 in. 7.42 8.43 0.292 0.332 2.0 (5⁄64) 2.8 (7⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
10.0 ⁄ in.
38 9.02 10.31 0.355 0.406 2.4 (3⁄32) 3.4 (1⁄8) 6.4 ⁄
14
12.0 ⁄ in.
12 11.91 13.49 0.469 0.531 3.2 (1⁄8) 4.5 (11⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
16.0 ⁄ in.
58 15.09 16.66 0.595 0.656 4.0 (5⁄32) 5.7 (7⁄32) 6.4 ⁄
14
19.0 ⁄ in.
34 18.26 19.84 0.719 0.781 4.8 (3⁄16) 6.8 (1⁄4) 6.4 ⁄
14
22.0 ⁄ in.
78 21.44 23.01 0.844 0.906 5.6 (7⁄32) 7.9 (19⁄64) 6.4 ⁄
14
A
Length and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass include flares and bevels.
B
Within the 3.0 designation there are some applications that may require different thickness ranges (see manufacturer).
width, and thickness shall be in accordance with Table 7. areas of blemishes. Scattered areas of non-uniform surface and
5.2.1.4 Wire and Mesh—Diameter of wires shall be from scattered surface blemishes are permissible.
0.43 mm to 6.4 mm (0.017 in. to 0.025 in.) Discoloration and NOTE 5—Patterned glass can vary slightly in both configuration and
slight distortion of wire are permissible. Wired glass may color from run to run.
contain numerous gaseous inclusions along the wire.
5.2.1.4.1 Mesh M1, diamond shall be welded. Opening in 6. Test Methods
the mesh shall not exceed 32 mm (11⁄4in.) between wire NOTE 6—All visual inspections for blemishes shall be made with 20/20
intersection measured across diagonal corners of the diamond. vision (naked eye or corrected).
5.2.1.4.2 Mesh M2, square shall be welded. Opening in the 6.1 Test Methods for Type I Glass (Transparent Flat Glass):
mesh shall not exceed 16 mm (5⁄8in.) between wire intersec- 6.1.1 Ream, Strings, Lines and Distortion— ( See Fig. 1)
tions measured along a side of the square. Place specimen in a vertical position at a distance of approxi-
5.2.1.4.3 Mesh M3, parallel strand, spacing shall be as mately 4.5 m (15 ft.) from a zebra board with 25 mm (1 in.)
specified. black and white diagonal stripes. The viewer shall look through
5.2.1.4.4 Mesh M4, as specified. the sample at a distance of 4.5 m (15 ft.) using daylight
5.2.2 Patterned (Form 3): (without direct sunlight) or other uniform diffused background
5.2.2.1 Dimensional Tolerances—Finishes F1 and F2, pat- lighting that simulates daylight with a minimum illuminant of
terns P1, P2, P3, and P4. Tolerances for patterns P1 and P2 for 160 foot-candles. Start with the glass specimen parallel with
length, width, and thickness shall be in accordance with Table the zebra board (identified as zero degrees) and perpendicular
8. Check with the manufacturer for thickness and dimensional with the viewer’s line of sight. Rotate the specimen clockwise
tolerances on Random pattern P3 and Special pattern P4. from zero until it reaches the angle at which the distortion
5.2.2.2 Patterned glass shall not contain fire cracks. appears and report that angle-referred to as the vision interfer-
5.2.2.3 Surface Pattern ence angle. Refer to Table 5 for evaluation criteria.
5.2.2.3.1 Quality Q5—Surface pattern shall be clear, sharp, 6.1.2 Blemish Detection for Point Blemish (Knots, Dirts,
defined and free of obvious disfiguration that affects the Stones, Gaseous Inclusions and Other Similar Blemishes)—
appearance of the pattern. Place samples in a vertical position at a distance of approxi-
5.2.2.3.2 Quality Q6—Surface pattern shall be free of large mately 1 m (39 in.) from the viewer. The viewer shall look
$ 1.20 < 1.50 None allowed Allowed with a Allowed with a Allowed
$ (0.05) < (0.06) minimum separation of minimum separation of
1500 mm (60 in.)F 600 mm (24 in.)F
$ 1.50 < 2.00 None allowed None allowed Allowed with a Allowed
$ (0.06) < (0.08) minimum separation of
600 mm (24 in.)F
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$ 2.00 < 2.50 None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed with a
$ (0.08) < (0.10) minimum separation of
600 mm (24 in.)F
through the sample at an angle of 90° (perpendicular) to the Table 3 for evaluation criteria.
surface using daylight, (with out direct sunlight), or other 6.1.5 Detection for Linear Blemishes (Scratches, Rubs,
uniform diffused background lighting that simulates daylight, Digs, and Other Similar Blemishes)—Place samples in a
with a minimum illuminate of 160 foot-candles. If a blemish is vertical position to the viewer. The viewer shall stand approxi-
detected, refer to Tables 2 and 3 for evaluation criteria. mately 4 m (160 in.) from specimen and look through the
6.1.3 Point Blemish Measurement—Point blemish size shall sample at an angle of 90° (perpendicular) to the surface using
be determined by measuring the length and width of the
daylight (without direct sunlight), or other uniform diffused
blemish and calculating the average of the two dimensions.
background lighting that simulates daylight, with a minimum
The allowable blemish sizes listed in Table 2 include associ-
ated distortion for Q1 and Q2, but Q3 and Q4 do not include illuminate of 160 foot-candles. The viewer shall move towards
associated distortion. the specimen until a blemish is detected (if any). The distance
6.1.4 Blemish Detection for Crush—Place samples in a from the viewer to glass surface when the blemish is first
vertical position at a distance of approximately 2 m (78 in.) detectable is defined as the Detection Distance. Blemish
from the viewer. The viewer shall look through the sample at intensity is determined by comparing the Detection Distance to
an angle of 90° (perpendicular) to the surface using daylight the Blemish Intensity Chart at the bottom of Table 4. Blemish
(without direct sunlight), or other uniform diffused background Length is determined by measuring the perpendicular distance
lighting that simulates daylight, with a minimum illuminate of between the ends of the blemish. Refer to Table 4 for
160 foot-candles. If a blemish is detected refer to Table 2 and evaluation criteria.
Medium > 75 mm (3 in.) None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed
Heavy # 150 mm (6 in.) None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed with a
minimum separation
of 600 mm (24 in.)
Heavy >150 mm (6 in.) None allowed None allowed None allowed None allowed
A
Glass thicker than 6.0 mm (1⁄4 in.) and less than or equal to 12.0 mm (1⁄2 in.) may contain proportionally more and longer blemishes. Table 4 does not apply to glass
thicker than 12.0 mm (1⁄2 in.). Allowable blemishes for glass thicker than 12.0 mm (1⁄2 in.) shall be determined by agreement between the buyer and the seller.
B
See 6.1.5 for detection of linear blemishes.
TABLE 5 Allowable Distortion (Type I Glass) for Cut Size and and transmittance of glass are to be determined in accordance
Stock Sheet Qualities Thickness 6.0 mm (1⁄4 in.) or Less with NFRC 300.
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 6.2 Test Methods For Type II Glass (Wired or Patterned
Glass):
Allowable Vision $ 60° $ 50° $ 35° $ 25°
Interference AngleA 6.2.1 Associated Distortion and Blemish Appraisal—Due to
A
See 6.1 (and Fig. 1) for determining the vision interference angle.
the variety of uses of patterned and wired glass, specific
inspection guidelines are beyond the scope of this specifica-
tion. Check with the manufacturer for more information
6.1.6 Blemish Distribution—In order to determine the sepa- 6.2.2 Dimensional Measurements—to measure the length
ration between blemishes (See Table 2 and Table 4), measure and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass, measure the
the distance between the two closest points of the blemishes. perpendicular distance from edge to edge, including flares and
The minimum separation distance between blemishes is deter- bevels. Measurements taken at any point must meet the
mined by the minimum separation required for the larger of the tolerance requirements of Table 7 or Table 8, or both.
two blemishes. 6.2.3 Point Blemish Measurement—Point blemish size shall
6.1.7 Dimensional Measurements—To measure the length be determined by measuring the length and width of the
and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass, measure the blemish and calculating the average of the two dimensions.
perpendicular distance from edge to edge, including flares and The allowable blemish sizes listed in Table 9 do not include
bevels. associated distortion.
6.1.8 Squareness Measurement—After measuring the length 6.2.4 Solar/Optical Properties—For patterned and wired
and width for compliance with dimensional tolerance, measure glass, check with the manufacturer when the solar and optical
the length of both diagonals (corner to corner). The difference properties are required.
in length between the two diagonals (D1–D2) shall not exceed 6.2.5 Measuring the Thickness of Patterned Glass—The
the limits set forth in Table 1. thickness of patterned glass shall be determined by measuring
6.1.9 Solar/Optical Properties—If specified, the reflectance high point to high point to the precision and accuracy in Table
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Chip depth Chip depth # 25 % Chip depth # 50 % Chip depth # 50 % Chip depth # 50 %
of glass thickness of glass thickness of glass thickness of glass thickness
Chip widthB Chip width # 25 Chip width # 50% Chip width # Not limited
% of glass thickness of glass thickness glass thickness
or 1.6 mm (1⁄16 in.) or 1.6 mm (1⁄16in.) or 6 mm (1⁄4 in.)
whichever is greater whichever is greater whichever is greater
Chip lengthB Chip length # 2 Chip length # 2 Chip length # 2 Not limited
times the chip width times the chip width times the chip width
A
Glass thicker than 6.0 mm 1⁄4 in. and less than or equal to 12.0 mm (1⁄2 in.) may contain proportionally more and larger blemishes. Table 6 does not apply to glass thicker
than 12.0 mm (1⁄2 in.). Allowable blemishes for glass thicker than 12.0 mm shall be determined by agreement between the buyer and the seller.
B
Chip width and length are not applicable to stock sheets.
4.0 ⁄
5 32 in. 3.62 4.37 0.143 0.172 1.6 (1⁄16)
5.0 ⁄
3 16 in. 4.39 5.42 0.173 0.213 1.6 (1⁄16)
5.5 ⁄
7 32 in. 5.43 5.90 0.214 0.232 2.4 (3⁄32)
8.0 ⁄
5 16 in. 7.61 9.10 0.300 0.358 4.0 (5⁄32)
7. Marking
7.1 Each package of glass shall bear a label, affixed by the
manufacturer, giving the manufacturer’s name or trademark,
nominal thickness, and place of manufacture.
thicker than 12.00 mm (1⁄2 in.). Allowable blemishes for glass thicker than 12.0 mm (1⁄2 in.) shall be determined by agreement between the buyer and the seller.
B
See 6.1.2 for detection of point blemishes.
C
See 6.2.3 for measurement of point blemishes.
D
Blemishes not specifically mentioned shall be compared to the blemish they most closely resemble.
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