3 Rules of Differentiation

d
◦ (c) = 0
dx − derivative of a constant function is zero
d d
◦ [cf (x)] = c f (x) − constant multiple rule
dx dx
d n − power rule
◦ x = nxn−1
dx

◦ (f + g)0 = f 0 + g 0
− sum rule
0 0 0
◦ (f − g) = f − g
− difference rule
0 0 0
◦ (f · g) = f · g + f · g
− product rule
 f 0 g · f 0 − f · g 0
◦ = − quotient rule
g g2

Chain rule
dy dy du
◦ = where y = f (u) and u = g(x)
dx du dx
◦ If F (x) = f [g(x)] then F 0 (x) = g 0 (x) · f 0 [g(x)] (another form)

Exponential functions Logarithmic functions

d x d 1
◦ a = ax (ln a) ◦ loga x =
dx dx x(ln a)
d x d 1
◦ e = ex ◦ ln |x| =
dx dx x

Trigonometric functions
d d
◦ sin x = cos x ◦ csc x = − csc x cot x
dx dx
d d
◦ cos x = − sin x ◦ sec x = sec x tan x
dx dx
d d
◦ tan x = sec2 x ◦ cot x = − csc2 x
dx dx

Inverse trigonometric functions

d 1 d −1
◦ sin−1 x = √ ◦ csc−1 x = √
dx 1 − x2 dx x x2 − 1
d −1 d 1
◦ cos−1 x = √ ◦ sec−1 x = √
dx 1 − x2 dx x x2 − 1
d 1 d −1
◦ tan−1 x = ◦ cot−1 x =
dx 1 + x2 dx 1 + x2

1
Hyperbolic functions
d d
◦ sinh x = cosh x ◦ csch x = −csch x coth x
dx dx
d d
◦ cosh x = sinh x ◦ sech x = −sech x tanh x
dx dx
d d
◦ tanh x = sech2 x ◦ coth x = −csch2 x
dx dx

Inverse hyperbolic functions

d 1 d −1
◦ sinh−1 x = √ ◦ csch−1 x = √
dx 1 + x2 dx |x| x2 + 1
d 1 d 1
◦ cosh−1 x = √ ◦ sech−1 x = √
dx 2
x −1 dx x 1 − x2
d 1 d 1
◦ tanh−1 x = ◦ coth−1 x =
dx 1 − x2 dx 1 − x2

1
◦ [f −1 (x)]0 = − Inverse rule
f 0 (f −1 (x))

dy  dy   dx 
◦ If x = h(t) and y = g(t) then = / . [Parametric differentiation.]
dx dt dt

2
 Exercise 5. Differentiate.
Exercise 1. Differentiate.
1. y = 2sin πx
1. f (x) = 2x3 − 4x2 + 5x − 3
2. f (x) = sin sin sin x
(x − 1)(2x + 3)
2. g(x) = (A constant) p √
A 3. y = 1 + 1 + x
3 3
3. y = x 2 − 43 x− 4  1 + e2x 
4. g(x) = cos
4. y = (x + x−1 )4 1 − e2x
t2
2
u − 3u + 1 5. q = 23
5. H(u) = √
u
Exercise 6. Differentiate.
Exercise 2. Differentiate.
1. f (x) = ln x1 + 1
ln x
1. f (x) = (x2 + 3x)ex
2. y = log3 (xex )
2x + 1
2. y = 3. G(y) = ln | cos ln x|
x2 − 3x + 5
3. g(x) = (1 + xex )(1 − ex )−1 4. y = ln ln ln s
w log3 3v
4. Z = where k is a constant 5. F (v) =
w+ k 1 + log5 5v
w

5. y = (1 + ex )(x + ex ) dy
Exercise 7. Find dx
by implicit differentiation.
√ √
Exercise 3. Differentiate. 1. 2 x − 3 y = 4

1. f (x) = sin x cos x 2. x3 (x − 2y) = y(3x2 + y)

2. y = cos θ(1 − sin θ)−1 3. x sin y + y sin x = 1

x
3. g(θ) = eθ (tan θ − θ) 4. e y = x − y
√ y
4. y = x sin x 5. tan(x − y) =
1 + x2
5. y = tet csc t
Exercise 8. Use logarithmic differentiation to
Exercise 4. Differentiate. find the derivative of the function.
e−2x cos2 x
1. f (x) = (2x3 − 3x2 + 1)5 1. f (x) =
(1 + x)5 (2x + 3)
√
2. y = 1 + 3e2x 2. y = xx
3. g(x) = (x2 + 6)3 (3x3 − x + 3)4 3. y = (ln x)sin x
4. z = sin(ew ) + esin w 2 √
4. g(x) = ex (1 + x2 )−3 cos x
r
1 + s2 5. z = (tan θ) θ
1

5. G(s) =
2 + s2

3
Exercise 9. Differentiate. Exercise 11.

1. f (x) = ex cosh x 1. If xy = y x find y 0 .

2. y = sinh2 x2 2. Find y 00 if y = ln(sec x + tan x).

3. y = cosh−1 e−x 3. If g(u) = ln(1 + e2u ) find g 0 (0).

√
4. g(t) = tanh ln t 4. If Q(s) = 4s + 1 find Q00 (2).

5. y = csch−1 csc x 5. If f (x) = g(g(x)) find f 0 in terms of g 0 .

Exercise 10. Differentiate. Exercise 12.

√
1. y = arcsin x 1. Find h00 (r) if h(r) = ln(πr3 ).
d2
2. g(θ) = cos−1 sin−1 θ
p
2. Find dx 2 sin(x2 ).

3. y = (tan−1 x−1 )−1 3. Find f 00 (2) if f (t) = et te .

4. h(s) = cot−1 (s2 ) 4. Find g (100) (x) if g(x) = sin 2x.

5. y = sec−1 (2x + 1) 5. Find f (99) (1) if f (x) = x100 .

Exercise 13.

0 d  f (x) 
1. If f (2) = 4 and f (2) = −5 find  .
dx x x=2
p
2. if g(x) = 4 + 3f (x), where f (1) = 7, and f 0 (1) = 4 find g 0 (1).

3. If h is a twice differentiable function and g(x) = xh(x2 ) find g 00 in terms of h, h0 and h00 .

4. If F (x) = f (3f (4f (x))), where f (0) = 0 and f 0 (0) = 2 find F 0 (0).
d x √
5. Show that |x| = . (Hint: Recall that |x| = x2 and apply the chain rule.
dx |x|

Exercise 14.
p
If g(x) = f (x) where the graph of f is shown
find g 0 (3).

√
Exercise 15. If f (x) = x3 + 4x + 4 find (f −1 )0 (3).
dy dy 
Exercise 16. If x = 2 sin t and y = cos t find and  .
dx dx t= π4