1.
(12x + 14) - (6x + 17) 2. 32x2
28x2
3. [(12x2 + 14x + 13) - (10x2 + 10x + 4)] × 4. x (9x2 + 2x + 8)
[(-5x6 + 10x4 + 3x) (-5x - 12)]
5. (-10x + 12) (9x - 4) 6. (11x6 + 4x5 + 7x) (-8x + 8)
7. (88x12 + 55x11 + 99x3) ÷ 11x2 8. [(16x2 - 5x - 8) + (20x2 - 9x + 8)] × [(9x
- 3) (-5x - 11)]
9. (-5x + 6) (5x + 5) 10. (-20x5 - 17x4 + 17x3) - (16x7 + 9x6 -
10x)
11. (8x) (-4x + 9) 12. (-10x2 + 4x + 3) (5x2 + 4x + 5)
13. (-14x8 + 6x6 + 12x4 - 10x3) ÷ 4x3 14. -36x11
63x5
15. (-14x + 13) (-15x - 10) 16. x (x2 + 4x + 4)
17. (-6x - 12) (-8x - 9) 18. 39x2
-42x3
19. (108x7 + 168x5 - 132x4 + 120x2) ÷ 20. (20x2 - 8x + 19) - (6x2 + 6x + 20) - (-
8
168x 13x2 - 10x + 16) - (20x2 + 6x - 14)
Classify as a monomial, binomial, or trinomial.
1. -9x - 4 2. -14x2 - 14x + 19
Monomial Binomial Monomial Binomial
Trinomial Trinomial
Add.
3. (14x + 15) + (10x + 14) 4. (8x + 10) + (11x + 10) 5. (14x2 + 5x + 19) + (11x2
+ 18x + 17)
Subtract.
6. (7x + 7) - (11x + 13) 7. (11x + 17) - (14x + 18) 8. (7x2 + 17x + 13) - (12x2
+ 10x + 4)
Multiply.
9. (6x) (11x + 9) 10. 5x (4x + 1) 11. 10x (11x2 + 5x + 4)
Use FOIL.
12. (11x + 8) (2x + 5) 13. (7x + 7) (5x + 3) 14. (5x + 2) (11x + 7)
Multiply.
15. (5x2 + 6x - 10) (8x - 3) 16. (9x2 + 11x - 9) (12x - 5) 17. (-7x7 - 12x6 + 9) (6x2 -
10x - 7)
Divide.
18. 24x 19. 72x4 20. 105x
4x 36x2 126x2
Divide.
21. (12x4 + 28x3 + 32x) ÷ 4 22. (12x4 + 3x3 + 18x2) ÷ 3 23. (75x4 + 70x3 + 30x) ÷
630x
Add, Subtract, and Multiply.
24. [(7x + 4) (-8x - 8)] + [(8x + 9) (5x + 25. [(11x) (10x + 11)] - [(16x + 14) - (10x
6)] + 16)]
Factor out the GCF from each polynomial.
26. -165x3 + 198x 27. 350x3 - 400x2 - 300x 28. -135x6 + 108x5 - 27x4
Write each polynomial as the product of two binomials.
29. (x - 12)9 + x(x - 12) 30. x(x + 7) + 9(x + 7) 31. (x - 10)-9 + 7x(x - 10)
Factor completely.
32. x2 + 14x + 49 33. 49x2 - 64 34. 64x2 - 9
Factor completely.
35. 49x2 - 28xy + 4y2 36. 9x4 - 100 37. 4x4 + 28x2 + 49
Factor completely.
38. x2 - 12x + 20 39. x2 - 19x + 84 40. x2 - x - 12
Solve by factoring.
41. 81x2 - 100 = 0 42. 25x2 - 144 = 0 43. 64x2 + 48x + 9 = 0
1. Factor. 2. What is the missing factor?
f(x) = -x3 + 5x2 + 66x f(x) = 3x3 - 192x
= ( ? )(3x)(x + 8)
3. f(x) = -4x3 - 12x2 + 72x 4. f(x) = -x3 + 17x2 - 60x
Is x - 3 a factor? Is x - 12 a factor?
5. Factor. One factor is given. 6. What is the missing factor?
f(x) = -2x3 - 6x2 + 56x f(x) = -2x3 + 98x
Factor: -2x = ( ? )(x + 7)(-2x)
7. Factor. One factor is given. 8. Factor.
f(x) = 4x3 - 24x2 - 28x f(x) = -2x3 + 8x2 + 64x
Factor: x + 1
9. What is the missing factor? 10. f(x) = x3 + 8x2 - 48x
f(x) = -x3 + 14x2 - 49x Is x + 9 a factor?
= ( ? )(x - 7)(x - 7)
11. Factor. One factor is given. 12. Factor. One factor is given.
f(x) = -4x3 - 28x2 + 120x f(x) = -x3 - 5x2 + 14x
Factor: x - 3 Factor: x - 2
13. Factor. 14. f(x) = x3 - x2 + 8x - 8
f(x) = x3 - 6x2 - 12x + 72 Is x2 + 8 a factor?
15. Factor. 16. What is the missing factor?
f(x) = 3x3 - 12x2 - 180x f(x) = -x3 + 8x2 - 12x
= ( ? )(x - 6)(x - 2)
17. f(x) = x3 + x2 - 120x - 432 18. f(x) = -3x3 - 12x2 - 12x
Is x + 9 a factor? Is x - 1 a factor?
19. What is the missing factor? 20. Factor. One factor is given.
f(x) = x3 + 12x2 - 2x - 24 f(x) = -3x3 - 6x2 + 297x
= ( ? )(x + 12) Factor: x - 9
Complete.
1. (-2x3 - 2x2 + 12x) ÷ (x + 2. (3x3 - 15x2 - 42x) ÷ (x + 3. (-2x3 - 38x2 - 180x) ÷ (x
3) 2) + 10)
Complete.
4. (x4 + 8x3 - 18x2 - 72x + 5. (-6x4 - 2x3 + x2 + 72x + 6. (x4 - 12x3 - 14x2 + 132x +
81) ÷ (x2 + 8x - 9) 55) ÷ (-x2 - 2x - 5) 33) ÷ (x2 - 12x - 3)
Describe the left and right behavior of the graph of the function.
7. f(x) = 8x - x6 + 2x2 - 3x3 8. f(x) = -5x5 + x4 - 9x3 + 9. f(x) = -6x6 - 2x5 + 7x4 - x3
+ x7 - 6x5 3x2 - 3 - 3x2 + 2x - 5
Graph each function. State the points of any local maxima or minima to the nearest
tenth.
10. f(x) = 3x3 - 6x + 20 11. f(x) = x3 - 4x2 - 4x - 12 12. f(x) = x3 + 5x2 + x - 3
Factor.
13. f(x) = -2x3 - 6x2 - 4x 14. f(x) = x3 + 4x2 - 31x - 15. f(x) = x3 - 343
70
Factor.
16. f(x) = 2x3 - 30x2 + 112x 17. f(x) = -2x3 - 2x2 + 4x 18. f(x) = x3 - 1000
What is the missing factor?
19. f(x) = x3 - 8 20. f(x) = -3x3 + 72x2 - 21. f(x) = x3 - 64
2
= ( ? )(x + 2x + 4) 432x = ( ? )(x2 + 4x + 16)
= ( ? )(x - 12)(-3x)
Factor.
22. f(x) = x3 + 8x2 - 10x - 23. f(x) = -4x3 + 4x2 + 440x 24. f(x) = x3 - 12x2 + 20x
80
Is the given expression a factor of the polynomial?
25. f(x) = -x3 - 3x2 + 54x 26. f(x) = x3 - 1728 27. f(x) = x3 - 5x2 - 46x -
Is x - 6 a factor? Is x - 15 a factor? 40
Is x + 1 a factor?
Factor. One factor is given.
28. f(x) = 4x3 + 48x2 + 44x 29. f(x) = 8x3 - 1728 30. f(x) = x3 + 2x2 - 8x
2
Factor: 4x Factor: 4x + 24x + 144 Factor: x - 2
Complete
31. f(x) = -4x3 - 24x2 + 32. What is the missing 33. Factor.
64x factor? f(x) = -2x3 - 10x2 +
Is x - 2 a factor? f(x) = 4x3 - 84x2 + 132x
440x
= ( ? )(x - 10)(4x)
Factor and solve.
34. f(x) = -3x3 + 54x2 - 35. f(x) = x3 - 7x2 - 7x + 49 36. f(x) = 27x3 + 216
243x
Factor and solve.
37. f(x) = -3x3 + 18x2 - 15x 38. f(x) = x3 + 23x2 + 156x 39. f(x) = x3 - 3x2 - 6x + 18
+ 288
Factor and solve.
40. f(x) = x3 + 8 41. f(x) = -4x3 + 44x2 - 42. f(x) = x3 + 8x2 - 8x - 64
112x
Apply variable substitution and then factor to find all of the roots.
43. f(x) = x3 - 49x + 120 44. f(x) = 8x3 - 512 45. f(x) = x3 + 729
State all possible rational zeros.
46. f(x) = x3 - 4x2 - 4x + 16 47. f(x) = 5x4 + 8x3 - 18x2 - 48. f(x) = 10x4 - 7x3 - 11x2
32x - 8 + 7x + 1
Find all the rational zeros.
49. f(x) = x4 + 8x2 - 9 50. f(x) = 4x4 + 7x3 - 25x2 - 51. f(x) = 3x3 + 18x2 - 21x
35x + 25
Find all zeros.
52. f(x) = x4 - 2x3 - 6x2 + 53. f(x) = -3x3 + 21x2 - 18x 54. f(x) = x3 - 5x2 + x + 15
10x - 3
State all possible rational zeros.
55. f(x) = 11x4 + 41x3 + 56. f(x) = x4 - 3x3 - 2x2 + 57. f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 9x
44x2 + 10x - 4 12x - 8
Find all the rational zeros.
58. f(x) = x3 - x2 + 25x - 25 59. f(x) = 9x4 + 6x3 - 20x2 - 60. f(x) = 3x3 - 2x2 - 9x + 2
6x + 11
Find all zeros.
61. f(x) = 8x4 - 7x3 - 19x2 + 62. f(x) = x3 + 7x2 + x + 7 63. f(x) = x3 - 8x2 + 17x -
7x + 11 10
down 1. down 2.
Use FOIL. Use FOIL.
(3x + 11) (2x + 8) (8x + 12) (2x + 11)
Answer: Answer:
6x? + 46x + 88 16x2 + ? + 132
down 3. down 4.
Divide. Solve by factoring.
(117x4 + 81x3 + 144x) ÷ 1404x 49x2 - 140x + 100 = 0
Answer: Answer:
x3 ?2 4 (7x - ?)(7x - 10)
+ + 3
12 52 39 x = 1
7
down 5. down 6.
Factor out the GCF from each polynomial. Add.
2x3 + 10x2 (20x2 + 14x + 12) + (19x2 + 20x + 12)
Answer: Answer:
2x2(x + ?) ?2 + 34x + 24
down 7. down 8.
Write each polynomial as the product of two Divide.
binomials. (24x4 + 32x3 + 32x2) ÷ 4
-8(9x - 11) + 7x(9x - 11)
Answer:
Answer: ?4 + 8x3 + 8x2
(7x - 8)(9x - ?)
down 9. down 10.
Multiply. Write each polynomial as the product of two
(11x6 - 7x4) (9x - 5) binomials.
-7(5x + 7) + 4x(5x + 7)
Answer:
?7 - 55x6 - 63x5 + 35x4 Answer:
(? - 7)(5x +
7)
down 11. down 12.
Multiply. Multiply.
(8x + 7) (12x) (10x) (11x + 7)
Answer: Answer:
96x2 + ? 110x2 + ?
down 13. across 1.
Multiply. Add.
(-10x2 - 11x - 12) (9x + 2) (11x + 16) + (8x + 6)
Answer: Answer:
-90x3 - ?2 - 130x - 24 19x + ?
across 4. across 5.
Add. Subtract.
(9x + 4) + (16x + 9) (8x2 + 18x + 15) - (19x2 + 13x + 5)
Answer: Answer:
25x + ? -11x2 + ? + 10
across 6. across 7.
Divide. Factor completely.
45x4 x2 - 9x - 10
15x4 Answer:
(x + ?)(x - 10)
across 10. across 12.
Divide. Subtract.
(72x4 + 60x2 + 96x) ÷ (-12) (20x + 11) - (8x + 4)
Answer: Answer:
-6x? - 5x2 - 8x 12x + ?
across 14. across 15.
Subtract. Factor completely.
(7x + 18) - (17x + 5) 4x2 - 36xy + 81y2
Answer: Answer:
? + 13 (2x - ?)(2x - 9y)
across 16. across 17.
Factor completely. Use FOIL.
81x2 - 126x + 49 (3x + 6) (4x + 10)
Answer: Answer:
(? - 7)(9x - 7) 12x2 + 54x + ?
across 18.
Write each polynomial as the product of two
binomials.
(x + 1)-9 + x(x + 1)
Answer:
(x - ?)(x +
1)
1. [(6x + 10) - (17x + 10)] + [10x (4x + 2)] 2. [(5x + 3) (8x + 6)] × [(-9x + 10) (12x2 +
5x - 5)]
3. [(15x2 + 8x + 19) + (12x2 + 5x + 18)] × 4. [(-5) (-11x + 6)] × [(11x2 + 16x + 9) +
[(2x + 6) (9x + 4)] (14x2 + 8x + 12)]
5. [(20x2 - 17x + 8) - (-7x2 + 17x + 8)] + 6. [(-2x + 8) (12x2 - 4x - 6)] × [(10x2 + 9x
[(-8x + 1) (-4x)] + 11) + (-17x2 - 15x + 12) + (10x2 - 10x
- 8)]
7. [(-18x6 - 15x4 + 10x) - (17x6 + 16x2 + 8. [(-4x - 3) (9x - 7)] + [(-10x5 + 16x4 +
17x)] × [(-2x) (3x + 4)] 4x3) + (-4x6 + 15x5 + 11x3)]
9. [x (3x2 - 8x + 4)] × [(-10x + 10) (10x - 10. [(-18x2 + 5x + 11) - (-15x2 + 7x - 4)] ×
9)] [(12x5 - 2x4 - 8x2) (-6x + 6) (-2x2 + 12x
+ 6)]
11. [(8x6 - 8x5 - 14x3 - 20) - (-9x7 + 9x4 + 12. [(-8x) (10x + 11)] × [(-11x2 + 6x - 6) +
12x2 + 16x + 18)] + [(3x6 + 6x5 - (5x2 + 16x - 10)]
11x4) (-9x + 5) (2x + 8)]
13. [(12x + 14) (12x - 10)] - [(-18x2 + 10x 14. [(4x + 11) (12x - 11)] + [(-8x2 - 8x - 9)
- 18) - (5x2 + 9x - 13)] + (-8x2 - 7x + 6)]
15. [-11x (11x2 + 10x + 11)] × [(11x + 16. [(-11x7 - 18x6 + 10x2 - 11) - (-20x7 -
14) (13x - 16)] 11x6 - 18x)] × [(-18x7 - 6x6 + 20) +
(4x7 - 15x6 - 11x3)]
17. [(8) (5x2 + 7x + 6)] + [(-17x + 13) (19x 18. [(-11x) (2x + 4)] - [(-10x6 + 14x3 - 7x2)
+ 9)] - (6x5 - 19x + 8)]
19. [(4x - 9) (3x2)] × [(6x - 19) (-14x + 9)] 20. [(6x7 + 9x6 - 16x3 - 10) + (-14x6 + 7x4)]
× [(5x - 5) (-2x3 + 12x2 - 7x + 3)]
Multiply.
1. (-2x2 - 4x + 11) (5x - 12) 2. (-11x + 3) (-10x2 - 7x - 9)
3. (4x2 + 12x + 10) (-9x2 + 8x + 2) 4. (7x2 - 6x - 8) (-2x + 2)
5. (10x5 + 3) (-2x2 - 11x + 2) 6. (-12x - 3) (12x2 - 11x + 3)
7. (-10) (2x2 + 8x + 3) 8. (2x6 + 3x5) (-5x - 12)
9. (6x7 - 8x2 + 7) (-4x - 3) (-6x2 - 7x - 11) 10. (-9x2 + 11x + 2) (8x2 + 6x - 7)
11. (8x5 + 3x4 + 2x3) (5x + 10) (12x2 + 6x 12. (-7x + 11) (-12x + 3)
+ 6)
13. (4x3 + 5x2 - 12x) (-12x - 2) (7x2 - 9x + 14. (7x + 3) (7x2 + 3x + 10)
12)
15. (9) (8x2 - 2x + 3) 16. (-12x + 12) (4x2 - 11x + 11)
17. (-6x4 + 11x2 + 3x) (10x + 4) (4x - 4) 18. (-3x6 - 6x3) (11x - 6) (10x - 10)
19. (-11x7 + 11x6 + 11x2) (9x3 - 7x2 - 4x + 20. (-3x + 8) (-4x3 + 8x2 - 2x + 12)
6) (-7x - 11)
Solve by factoring.
1. x2 - 24x + 144 = 0 2. x2 - 20x + 100 = 0
3. 64x2 + 16x + 1 = 0 4. x2 - 49 = 0
5. x2 + 6x - 55 = 0 6. 9x2 - 49 = 0
7. 81x2 - 1 = 0 8. 9x2 + 24x + 16 = 0
9. x2 - 64 = 0 10. x2 - 5x - 84 = 0
11. 49x2 - 168x + 144 = 0 12. 25x2 - 60x + 36 = 0
13. x2 - x - 110 = 0 14. x2 - 16 = 0
15. 25x2 - 36 = 0 16. x2 - 14x + 24 = 0
17. 49x2 - 144 = 0 18. x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
19. x2 - 18x + 81 = 0 20. 25x2 - 120x + 144 = 0
21. 49x2 - 1 = 0 22. 25x2 - 144 = 0
23. x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 24. x2 - 14x + 33 = 0
25. x2 - 81 = 0 26. x2 - 23x + 132 = 0
27. x2 - 144 = 0 28. 81x2 - 100 = 0
29. x2 - 8x + 7 = 0 30. 36x2 + 60x + 25 = 0
Complete.
1. (x3 + 2x2 - 120x) ÷ (x + 12) 2. (-2x3 + 40x2 - 192x) ÷ (x - 8)
3. (-2x4 + 14x3 + 162x2 - 1134x) ÷ (-2x) 4. (51x4 - 204x3 + 4964x2 - 20400x -
13600) ÷ (17)
5. (x3 - 4x2 - 25x + 100) ÷ (x - 4) 6. (16x3 - 6x2 - 18x) ÷ (8x2 - 3x - 9)
7. (x3 - 15x2 + 36x) ÷ (x - 12) 8. (11x4 + 34x3 - 534x2 + 454x - 45) ÷ (x2
+ 4x - 45)
9. (x4 - 12x3 + 4x2 + 192x - 320) ÷ (x - 10. (-x3 + 12x2 - 46x + 60) ÷ (-x2 + 6x -
10) 10)
11. (x3 + 18x2 + 80x) ÷ (x + 10) 12. (25x4 - 60x3 + 57x2 - 24x + 4) ÷ (-5x2
+ 4x - 1)
13. (4x4 - 48x2) ÷ (4x) 14. (x4 + 2x3 - 90x2 - 162x + 729) ÷ (x2 +
2x - 9)
15. (-27x4 + 225x3 - 276x2 + 168x) ÷ (3x) 16. (2x3 - 18x2 + 40x) ÷ (x - 5)
17. (x4 + x3 - 33x2 - 3x + 90) ÷ (x2 + x - 18. (5x5 - 11x4 + 239x3 - 539x2 -
30) 294x) ÷ (x)
19. (-3x4 + 12x3 - 147x2 + 588x) ÷ (x - 4) 20. (7x5 - x4 + 60x3 - 9x2 - 27x) ÷ (x)
21. (-3x3 + 36x2 - 105x) ÷ (x2 - 12x + 35) 22. (4x3 - 4x2 - 528x) ÷ (x - 12)
23. (-3x5 + 327x3 - 2700x) ÷ (-3x) 24. (0) ÷ (0)
4 3 2
25. (x + x - 19x - 7x + 84) ÷ (x - 3) 26. (-40x5 + 24x4 - 44x3 + 24x2 -
4x) ÷ (4x)
27. (4x4 + x3 + 2x2 + x - 2) ÷ (4x2 + x - 2) 28. (2x4 + 9x3 - 85x2 - 4x + 288) ÷ (x - 4)
29. (2x3 + 2x2 - 12x) ÷ (x + 3) 30. (9x4 + 144x2) ÷ (-3x)
Factor.
1. f(x) = -3x3 + 3x2 + 216x 2. f(x) = -2x3 + 34x2 - 132x
3. f(x) = 2x3 - 8x2 - 42x 4. f(x) = -2x3 + 24x2 - 40x
5. f(x) = x3 + 5x2 - 36x 6. f(x) = -2x3 - 28x2 - 96x
7. f(x) = -x3 + 6x2 - 9x 8. f(x) = 2x3 - 36x2 + 162x
9. f(x) = -x3 + 6x2 + 27x 10. f(x) = 4x3 - 40x2 + 64x
11. f(x) = -2x3 - 32x2 - 128x 12. f(x) = -2x3 + 2x2 + 4x
13. f(x) = -3x3 + 108x 14. f(x) = x3 - 8x2 - 7x + 56
15. f(x) = 4x3 - 24x2 + 36x 16. f(x) = x3 + 2x2 - 8x - 16
17. f(x) = -4x3 - 4x2 + 528x 18. f(x) = x3 + x2 - 57x + 135
19. f(x) = -4x3 - 16x2 + 180x 20. f(x) = -3x3 - 24x2 + 144x
21. f(x) = x3 + 10x2 + 5x + 50 22. f(x) = x3 - 3x2 - 3x + 9
23. f(x) = x3 - 6x2 + 8x 24. f(x) = -x3 + 8x2 + 33x
25. f(x) = x3 - 13x2 + 26x + 112 26. f(x) = -3x3 - 66x2 - 363x
27. f(x) = -4x3 - 72x2 - 320x 28. f(x) = -2x3 - 10x2 + 48x
29. f(x) = x3 - 7x2 - 36x + 252 30. f(x) = x3 - 7x2 + 6x
Complete.
1. (x3 - 3x2 - 108x) ÷ (x - 12) 2. (-4x3 + 72x2 - 288x) ÷ (x - 12)
3. (-2x3 + 14x2 + 36x) ÷ (x + 2) 4. (-x3 + 13x2 - 22x) ÷ (x - 11)
5. (x3 + 9x2 + 20x) ÷ (x + 5) 6. (3x3 + 15x2 - 252x) ÷ (x - 7)
7. (-4x3 + 52x2 - 120x) ÷ (x - 10) 8. (x4 - 20x3 + 98x2 + 20x - 99) ÷ (x - 11)
9. (x4 + 3x3 - 43x2 - 75x + 450) ÷ (x - 3) 10. (2x3 - 12x2 + 10x) ÷ (x - 5)
11. (3x3 + 3x2 - 216x) ÷ (x - 8) 12. (4x3 - 80x2 + 400x) ÷ (x - 10)
13. (3x3 - 30x2 + 48x) ÷ (x - 8) 14. (-x3 - 3x2 + 40x) ÷ (x + 8)
15. (-x3 + 4x2 + 45x) ÷ (x + 5) 16. (x4 - 13x3 + 4x2 + 468x - 1440) ÷ (x -
8)
17. (-5x5 - 2x4 + 32x3 - 48x + 32) ÷ (x + 18. (-4x3 + 48x2 - 140x) ÷ (x - 7)
2)
19. (x4 - 10x3 + 100x2 - 1000x) ÷ (x - 10) 20. (-3x3 - 66x2 - 360x) ÷ (x + 10)
21. (-x3 + x2 + 20x) ÷ (x + 4) 22. (x5 + 3x4 - 65x3 - 195x2 + 64x +
192) ÷ (x + 3)
23. (-10x4 + 96x3 + 157x2 - 51x + 24. (-2x3 - 38x2 - 168x) ÷ (x + 12)
198) ÷ (x + 2)
25. (-2x3 + 26x2 - 44x) ÷ (x - 11) 26. (x4 + 3x3 - 43x2 - 9x + 120) ÷ (x + 8)
27. (x4 - 15x3 + 11x2 + 375x - 900) ÷ (x - 28. (-3x3 + 363x) ÷ (x - 11)
12)
29. (4x3 - 400x) ÷ (x - 10) 30. (x5 + 2x4 - 53x3 + 41x2 + 322x -
385) ÷ (x - 5)
Factorization of Polynomials Using
Algebraic Identities
We know that the algebraic identities of second degree are
These identities can be used to factorise quadratic polynomials.
A polynomial is said to be cubic polynomial if its degree is three
The algebraic identities used in factorising a third degree polynomial are:
Cubic polynomials can be factorised using Factor theorem
Factor theorem: is a polynomial and is a real number, if , then
is a factor of .
Example 1:
Evaluate 95 x 96.
Solution:
95 x 96 = (90 + 5) x (90 + 6)
= (90)2 + (5 + 6)(90) + (5)(6) (Using identity IV)
= 8100 + 990 + 30 = 9120 (Answer)
Example 2:
Evaluate 104 x 96.
Solution:
104 x 96 = (100 + 4) x (100 - 4)
= (100)2 - (4)2 (Using identity III)
= 10000 - 16
= 9984 (Answer)
Example 3:
Factorise 4x2 + 2xy + y2.
Solution:
4x2 + 2xy + y2 = (2x)2 + 2(2x)(y) + (y)2
= (2x + y)2 (Using identity I)
= (2x + y)(2x + y) (Answer)
Example 4:
Factorise 9x2 - 6xy + y2.
Solution:
9x2 - 6xy + y2 = (3x)2 - 2(3x)(y) + (y)2
= (3x - y)2 (Using identity II)
= (3x - y) (3x - y) (Answer)
Example 5:
Expand (3x - 7y - z)2.
Solution:
(3x - 7y - z)2 = {3x+(-7y)+(-z)}2 (Using identity V)
= (3x)2 + (-7y)2 + (-z)2 + 2(3x)(-7y) + 2(-7y)(-z) + 2(-z)(3x)
= 9x2 + 49y2 + z2 - 42xy + 14yz - 6zx (Answer)
Example 6:
Expand (2x + 1)3.
Solution:
(2x + 1)3 = (2x)3 + (1)3+ 3(2x)(1)(2x + 1) (Using identity VI)
= 8x3 + 1 + 6x(2x + 1)
= 8x3 + 12x2 + 6x + 1 (Answer)
Example 7:
Expand (2x - 3y)3.
Solution:
(2x - 3y)3 = (2x)3 - (3y)3 - 3(2x)(3y)(2x - 3y) (Using identity IV)
= 8x3 - 27y3 - 18xy(2x - 3y)
= 8x3 - 27y3 - 36x2y + 54xy2 (Answer)
Example 8:
Factorise 27x3 + y3 + z3 - 9xyz.
Solution:
27x3 + y3 + z3 - 9xyz = (3x)3 + (y)3 + (z)3 - 3(3x)(y)(z)
= (3x + y + z){(3x)2 + (y)2 + (z)2 - (3x)(y) - (y)(z) - (z)(3x)} (Using identity VIII)
= (3x + y + z)(9x2 + y2 + z2 - 3xy - yz - 3zx) (Answer)
(3a + 4b)2 (ii) (x - 5y)2
Suggested Answer :
Considering the expansion problems given
(i) (3a + 4b)2 = (3a)2 + 2 (3a) x (4b) + (4b)2
= 9a2 + 24ab + 16b2
(ii) (x - 5y)2 = (x)2 - 2 (x) (5y) + (5y)2
= x2 - 10xy + 25y2
Math expansion problem with large numericals
Example 2 :
Find algebraically the value of 2052.
Suggested Answer :
On expansion the large value can be written as,
2052 = (200 + 5)2
= (200)2 + 2 (200) (5) + (5)2
= 40000 + 2000 + 25
= 42025
Expansion solved problem with perfect square
Example 3 :
If the expression 36x2 + Kx + 25 is a perfect square, find K.
Suggested Answer :
Middle term of the given expression
=2 6x 5
= 60 x
K = 60
Algebraic identities in math expansion problems
1. a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 - 2ab
2. a2 + b2 = (a - b)2 + 2ab
5. (a + b)2 = (a - b)2 + 4ab
7. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
8. (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
= a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
9. (a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3
= a3 - b3 - 3ab (a - b)
Example 4 :
If x + y = 10 and xy = 21, find x2 + y2.
Suggested Answer :
x2 + y2 = (x + y)2 - 2xy
= (10)2 - 2 21
= 100 - 42 = 58
Example 5 :
Expand: (a + 3b - 4c)2
Suggested Answer :
(a + 3b - 4c)2 = (a)2 + (3b)2 + (-4c)2 + 2[(a) (3b) + (3b) (-4c)
+ (-4c) (a)]
= a2 + 9b2 + 16c2 + 6ab - 24bc - 8ac
More Expansion problems with algebraic identities
Example 6 :
If x2 + y2 + z2 = 38, x + y + z = 10, find xy + yz + zx.
Suggested Answer :
We have (x2 + y2 + z2) + 2 (xy + yz + zx) = (x + y + z)2
38 + 2 (xy + yz + zx) = (10)2
2(xy + yz + zx) = 100 - 38
= 62
xy + yz + zx = 31
Example 7 :
Expand: (5a - 2b)3
Suggested Answer :
(5a - 2b)3 = (5a)3 - 3(5a)2 (2b) + 3(5a) (2b)2 - (2b)3
= 125a3 - 150a2b + 60ab2 - 8b3
Example 8 :
If find
Suggested Answer :
64 + 12 =
