SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY
School of Nursing
LEVEL III
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
SUBMITTED TO:
MA’AM RACHELLE GAY PACIAL
SUBMITTED BY:
ALESSANDRA P. GAYAGAY
DATE OF SUBMISSION:
OCTOBER 1, 2018
NAME OF THE DISEASE DESCRIPTION MANAGEMENT
1. ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA Is a congenital defect of the Esophageal Atresia Repair
digestive system in which the
esophagus does not develop
properly. With esophageal atresia,
the esophagus does not form
properly while the fetus is
developing before birth, resulting
in two segments; one part that
connects to the throat, and the
other part that connects to the
stomach. However, the two
segments do not connect to each
other.
Since the esophagus is in two
segments, liquid that a baby
swallows cannot pass normally
through the esophagus and reach
the stomach. Milk and other fluids
cannot be digested if the
esophagus does not connect to the
stomach.
2. TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL Is an abnormal connection in one Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair
FISTULA or more places between the
esophagus (the tube that leads
from the throat to the stomach)
and the trachea (the tube that
leads from the throat to the
windpipe and lungs). Normally, the
esophagus and the trachea are two
separate tubes that are not
connected. When a baby with a TE
fistula swallows, the liquid can
pass through the abnormal
connection between the
esophagus and the trachea. When
this happens, liquid gets into the
baby's lungs. This can cause
pneumonia and other problems.
3. ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA Newborns with esophageal atresia When TE fistula is repaired, the
WITH often also have a connection between the
tracheoesophageal fistula which is esophagus and the trachea is
TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL
a direct connection between the closed in surgery. Repair of
FISTULA esophagus and the trachea esophageal atresia depends on
(windpipe). Most commonly with how close the two sections of
esophageal atresia, this connection esophagus are to each other.
forms off of the lower (distal) Sometimes esophageal atresia
pouch; however, it can also form requires more than one surgery.
off of the upper pouch or both, The repair of esophageal atresia
and in some cases, a fistula will or tracheosophageal fistula with
form without atresia. The esophageal atresia can be
tracheoesophageal fistua can lead accomplished with either open
to breathing problems (aspiration (thoracotomy) or minimally
pneumonia), if saliva from the invasive surgical approaches.
upper pouch, or stomach contents Depending upon the length of the
from the lower pouch, enter the gap between the upper and
trachea and lungs. lower portions of the
discontinuous esophagus and the
In newborns with EA/TEF, the
experience of the pediatric
trachea may also be affected by a
surgeon, the esophagus may be
condition known as
reconnected using the minimally
tracheomalacia. This means the
invasive approach in many cases.
trachea is softer and less rigid than
Sometimes multiple procedures
normal. This varies in severity from
are necessary to connect the
child to child. This can contribute
upper and lower esophageal
to a "barking cough." This is
segments.
expected to improve as the child
grows older. Sometimes
tracheomalacia is severe and
requires additional treatment.
4. PYLORIC STENOSIS Also called infantile hypertrophic Pyloromyotomy
pyloric stenosis, is a condition
caused by an enlarged pylorus. The
pylorus is a muscle that opens and
closes to allow food to pass
through the stomach into the
intestine. When this muscle
becomes enlarged, feedings are
blocked from emptying out of the
stomach. The retained feedings
cause the infant to vomit.
5. HIRSCHSPRUNG’S Is a condition that affects the large Surgery to bypass or remove the
DISEASE intestine (colon) and causes diseased part of the colon is the
problems with passing stool. The treatment.
condition is present at birth
(congenital) as a result of missing
nerve cells in the muscles of the
baby's colon. A newborn who has
Hirschsprung's disease usually
can't have a bowel movement in
the days after birth. In mild cases,
the condition might not be
detected until later in childhood.
Uncommonly, Hirschsprung's
disease is first diagnosed in adults.
REFERENCES:
MayoClinic. (2018). HIRSCHSPRUNGS DISEASE. Retrieved September 30, 2018 from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hirschsprung's-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-
20351556
Pediatric Surgery. (2016). Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal fistula. Retrieved September 30, 2018
from https://pedsurg.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/esophageal-atresia.aspx
Pediatric Surgery. (2018). Pyloric Stenosis. Retrived September 30, 2018 from
https://pedsurg.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/pyloric-stenosis.aspx
Stanford Children’s Health. (2018). Tracheoesophageal fistula and Esophageal Atresia. Retrieved September
30, 2018 https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=tracheoesophageal-fistula-and-
esophageal-atresia-90-P02018
