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Artificial Neural Networks

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a machine learning approach that models the human brain and consists of interconnected artificial neurons. Each neuron receives inputs, applies an activation function to calculate an output value, and passes that output to other neurons. ANNs are specified by their neuron model, architecture, and learning algorithm used to train the network by modifying weights based on examples to model tasks correctly. ANNs can handle noisy or incomplete data, work with many variables, provide general solutions, and continuously learn.

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57 views3 pages

Artificial Neural Networks

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a machine learning approach that models the human brain and consists of interconnected artificial neurons. Each neuron receives inputs, applies an activation function to calculate an output value, and passes that output to other neurons. ANNs are specified by their neuron model, architecture, and learning algorithm used to train the network by modifying weights based on examples to model tasks correctly. ANNs can handle noisy or incomplete data, work with many variables, provide general solutions, and continuously learn.

Uploaded by

Hamza babar
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ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

• An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information


processing paradigm that is inspired by biological nervous
systems.
• It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected
processing elements called
neurons.
• An ANN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data
classification
● Artificial neural network (ANN) is a machine learning approach that models
human brain and consists of a number of artificial neurons.
● Neuron in ANNs tend to have fewer connections than biological neurons.
● Each neuron in ANN receives a number of inputs.
● An activation function is applied to these inputs which results in activation
level of neuron (output value of the neuron).
● Knowledge about the learning task is given in the form of examples called
training examples.

● An Artificial Neural Network is specified by:


- neuron model: the information processing unit of the
NN,
- an architecture: a set of neurons and links connecting
neurons. Each link has a
weight,
- a learning algorithm: used for training the NN by
modifying the weights in order
to model a particular learning task correctly on the training
examples.
● The aim is to obtain a NN that is trained and generalizes well.
● It should behaves correctly on new instances of the learning task.

BIOLOGICAL NEURON MODEL


Four parts of a typical nerve cell :
• DENDRITES: Accepts the inputs
• SOMA : Process the inputs
• AXON : Turns the processed inputs into
outputs.
• SYNAPSES : The electrochemical contact
between the neurons
ARTIFICIAL NEURON MODEL
• Inputs to the network are represented
by the x1 mathematical symbol, xn
• Each of these inputs are multiplied by a
connection weight , wn sum = w1 x1 +
……+ wnxn
• These products are simply summed, fed
through the transfer function, f( ) to generate a result and then output.

NEURON MODEL
• Neuron Consist of:
• Inputs (Synapses): input
signal.
• Weights (Dendrites):
determines the importance of
incoming value.
• Output (Axon): output to
other neuron or of NN. TERMINOLOGY

Biological Terminology Artificial Neural Network Terminology


Neuron Node/Unit/Cell/Neurode
Synapse Connection/Edge/Link
Synaptic Efficiency Connection Strength/Weight
Firing frequency Node output

ADVANTAGES
• It involves human like thinking.
• They handle noisy or missing data.
• They can work with large number of variables or parameters.
• They provide general solutions with good predictive accuracy.
• System has got property of continuous learning.
• They deal with the non-linearity in the world in which we live.
APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS
• classification
in marketing: consumer spending pattern classification.
In defence: radar and sonar image classification.
In agriculture & fishing: fruit and catch grading.
In medicine: ultrasound and electrocardiogram image classification,EEGs, medical
diagnosis.
• recognition and identification
In general computing and telecommunications: speech, vision and handwriting recognition.
In finance: signature verification and bank note verification.
• assessment
In engineering: product inspection monitoring and control.
In defence: target tracking.
In security: motion detection, surveillance.
• forecasting and prediction
In agriculture: crop yield forecasting.
In marketing: sales forecasting.
In meteorology: weather prediction.

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