International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Need for Wireless Fire Detection Systems using IOT

Reshma Shinde1, Ritika Pardeshi2, Archana Vishwakarma3, Nayan Barhate4
1Student, Dept. of Computer Engineering, DYPIET college, Maharashtra, India
2Student, Dept. of Computer Engineering, DYPIET college, Maharashtra, India
3Student, Dept. of Computer Engineering, DYPIET college, Maharashtra, India
4Student, Dept. of Computer Engineering, DYPIET college, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Internet of things is an interconnection of is an interconnection of physical devices embedded with

physical devices embedded with electronics, software, sensor electronics, software , sensor which is capable of collecting

which is capable of collecting data from the surrounding and data from the surrounding and sending data over internet is

sending data over internet is called IOT. The fire detection called IOT. The devices that provides to the Internet Of

gathers all of the techniques and processes that contribute to Things extends personal, household, public, business and

early detection of a fire. We identify three main categories: industrial spaces and any area that’s not affected by them

Smoke detection, Flame detection and Temperature detection. now likely will be in the future. In daily life many of us see

Automatic fire alarm system provides real-time surveillance, and interact with smart gadgets to our internet connected

monitoring and automatic alarm. An automatic fire alarm smartphones, which have containing accelerometers,

system based on wireless sensor networks is developed, which gyroscope, GPS and sometime heart rate monitor. In the

is designed for high-rise buildings. To provide early personal area we have wearable devices like fitness trackers

extinguishing of a fire disaster, large numbers of detectors and heart monitors that use our phones to send and receive

which periodically measure smoke concentration or data.

temperature are deployed in buildings. In this paper will we Applications of IOT:

present the different techniques we had been already used to 1. IOT for mobile operator

detect fire. Some of those techniques include fire detection 2. IOT for manufacture of smart devices

using image processing and sensors, fire detection using CCTV 3. IOT for Banks and payment solution

technology, Fire detection using zigbee which is a kind of 4. IOT for Automobile industry

personal area network. 5. IOT for Airlines

Key Words - Arduino microcontroller, Fire alarm system, 6. IOT for Health

Wireless sensor networks, Sensor etc. Wireless sensor network is a network in which a large

1. INTRODUCTION number of sensors are deployed and data is collected from

them and send to a particular system for processing. In this
The main characteristics of sensor nodes include: small
paper will we present the different techniques we had been
physical size, low cost, limited processing power, low battery
already used to detect fire. Some of those techniques include
capacity, and short-range communications. A Wireless
fire detection using image processing and sensors, fire
Sensor Networks consist of huge number of sensor nodes
detection using CCTV technology, Fire detection using zigbee
and is a set of hundreds or thousands of micro sensor nodes
which is a kind of personal area network. All this techniques
that have capabilities of sensing, establishing wireless
have some advantages and some disadvantages which is
communication between each other and doing
computational and processing operations. Internet of things
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1078
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

mentioned in the further section. Some of the components to detect fire has occurred or not. If among this three if value
that are generally used in IOT for fire detection are: of two or more sensor is one then fire will be present that
1.1 Microcontrollers: means alarm will ring as the fire will be detected. It value of
In microcontroller system has middle ware that sends data only one sensor is one then fire will not be detected.
to system and detects fire generation or not. Microcontroller 2. LITERATURE SURVEY:
is the main part of this system. To which all the sensor Zigbee based Technique [3][12]:Wireless sensor network
outputs are given as input to microcontroller. Power supply is a network which consists of nodes deployed for gathering
is given for the release of the functions in the information and using it for processing. WSN is used for
microcontroller. As PIC18f4550 has feature of inbuilt ADC it various application like security, agriculture, monitoring and
makes the circuit less bulky. In controller transfer analog for many other purposes. Fire detection can be done using
signal to digital signal and transfer data to server. zigbee. Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4 specification which is used
1.2 Temperature Sensor: for data transmission. It is used to create a personal area
Temperature sensor is a sensor which will sense the network which is cheaper than Bluetooth, WIFI and other
temperature of its surrounding and send these details to the network. In zigbee loss of data is negligible hence it is
processing unit. In this system our processing system will be efficient. For detecting fire using zigbee RS 232 is used it is
the Arduino board which will take the readings of the sensor zigbee device. A large number of nodes are deployed to form
and then send these values to our system. We will consider a cluster, these nodes are sensors consisting of zigbee devices.
constant value of temperature sensor, whenever the sensor Each clusters consists of cluster head, it collects data from
value will be less than the constant value it will return zero the different sensors and pass it to the computer for
else will return one. This combination of zero and ones will processing or manipulation. When fire occurs in the room,
be used to detect fire. where this nodes are deployed the reading of the sensors
1.3 Gas sensor: (temp sensors, smoke sensors) is above the normal reading.
Gas sensor is a sensor which will detect gas. It will detect The changes in the sensors reading lets computer know that
gases which are released when fire is caused like carbon a condition of fire being occurred is detected. Thus when fire
dioxide, carbon monoxide and many more. When any gases is detected the alarm rings .The advantage of this technique
will be detected the sensor will give value as one, if no is that it is simple, less expensive. Disadvantage is that it
particular gas is detected it will give value zero. This requires large number of clusters os sensors to be deployed.
combination of zero and ones will be used to detect fire. The
Safe From Fire [2]: It is an algorithm which is used for fire
gas sensor will particularly detect the gases that are released
detection. The technique which uses this algorithm is known
when fire is detected
as Safe From Fire technique. In this technique three sensors
1.4 Flame sensor:
are used which are flame sensors, gas sensors and
Flame sensor is a sensor which will detect presence of
temperature sensors. Arduino is a microcontroller which is
Flame. It will detect flame which is generated when fire is
used for collecting data from the sensors. The technique
caused. When flame of any intensity will be detected the
consists of two parts that are software module and hardware
sensor will give value as one, if no particular flame is
module. The software part consists of webpage through
detected it will give value zero. This combination of zero and
which user will login in the system and the sensors along
ones will be used to detect fire. Thus value of this three
with Arduino will start working. The reading of sensors is
sensors will be used to form combination which will be used
passed to the Arduino to through which it is stored in the
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1079
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

database. Database maintains record of all the readings of products. Commercial FTIR instruments are now available,
sensor whenever fluctuation occurs in the reading at least and have the potential to sense CO, HCN, HCl, CO2, H2O, and
any two sensors then automatically alarm rings. Which miscellaneous hydrocarbons. Their measurements for CO,
detect that fire has been occurred. CO2 and total hydrocarbons were found to follow similar
trends as the measurements of single parameter
Fire detection using image processing and sensors [6]: It
instruments. However, advanced data analysis scheme for
uses a camera along with sensors. The camera keeps on
the FTIR-based fire detection system must be developed to
capturing images every 30 seconds and sensors keep on
quantify the gas and smoke concentrations and to determine
sensing the environment parameter. Whenever a picture is
if a fire condition is present. In addition, a wide range of
capture which contains red, yellow or orange color in
applications of FTIR-based fire detection systems is limited
specific pattern image processing is done. The RGB image is
by high initial costs and maintenance requirement.
converted into grey image which is further converted to
3. CONCLUSION
binary value. When specific pattern indicating fire is found,
There is an immense need of implementation of automatic
value of sensor is also checked at that moment. If pattern of
fire detecting system to protect lives and assets from fire
fire is found in grey image and if reading are also
hazards. In this paper full fire protection systems are
corresponding to the fire condition then fire detected. It
explained. Use of real-time control via the Internet or
rings alarm, or generate some voice to inform others about
wireless network will extend the monitoring and control of
the fire.
fire safety systems outside of the building. The status of the
CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) technology [13]: It has fire safety system and other building systems can be
great advantage for use on sensing and monitoring a fire. monitored at any time and from anywhere via the Internet
Compared with other types of fire detectors, the video or wireless network. The fire safety systems located in many
cameras cannot be fooled by visible, or emissions from buildings will be controlled from one central facility office.
common background sources, eliminating such false alarm This will increase the efficiency and reduce costs for building
problems. It is processes multiple spectral images in real management operations, more efficiently discriminate
time to reliably detect a small fire or smoke at greater between fire and non-fire threats and increase the time
distances in very short times, and at the same time, it can available for property and life protection. However, Internet-
identify the location of a fire, track its growth and monitor based monitoring and control of building service systems
fire suppression. It can be trained for very rapid response, will need security protection to prevent false fire
making it suitable for explosion suppression information being provided to building owners and fire
brigades.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers for
REFERENCES
fire detection [13]: FTIR can examine the entire spectrum
[1] Muhammad Salihin Ahmad Azmil, Norsuzila Yaacob,
from about 2.5 m to 25 m, and quantify the presence of
Khairul Nizam Tahar, Suzi Seroja Sarnin, "Wireless Fire
multiple species of interest to provide early fire warning
Detection Monitoring System for Fireand Rescue
with low false alarms. FTIR measurement also provided
Application",2015 IEEE 11th International Colloquium
significant amounts of additional data prior to ignition and
on Signal Processing its Applications (CSPA2015), 6-8
during early stage of combustion, including monomeric
Mac. 2015, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.
species, unburned fuel, oxygenates, olefins, and pyrolysis

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1080
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

[2] Md Iftekharul Mobin, Md Abid-Ar-Ra_, Md Neamul Islam, Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 5, May
and Md Rifat Hasan, "An Intelligent Fire Detection and 2015.
Mitigation System Safe from Fire(SFF)", International [11] Robert A. Sowah,Abdul R. Ofoli,Selase Krakani,Seth
Journal of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887) Volume Fiawoo,”Hardware Design and Web-based
133 - No.6, January 2016. Communication Modules of a Real-time Multi-Sensor
[3] L.R.Patil, Divya Chopda, Mansi Borse, "Forest-Fires Fire Detection and Notification System using Fuzzy
Monitoring System Using Logic”,DOI 10.1109/TIA.2016.2613075, IEEE.
WirelessTechnology",International Journal of Emerging [12] P. N. Narendra Reddy, P. I. Basarkod, S. S.
Technologyand Advanced Engineering Website: Manvi,”WirelessSensorNetwork based Fire Monitoring
www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO9001:2008 and Extinguishing System in Real Time Environment”, Int.
Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 4, April 2016). J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 03,
[4] Mr. Santosh P. Patange, "Design and Implementation of Issue:02, Pages:1070-1075 (2011).
AutomaticFire Alarm System based on Wireless Sensor [13] Zhigang Liu and Andrew K. Ki, “Review of Recent
Networks", September 2015,Volume 2, Issue 9. Development in FireDetection Technologies”.
[5] S.R.Vijayalakshmi and S.Muruganand, "DESIGN
CHALLENGES INWIRELESS FIRE SECURITY SENSOR
NODES", International Journalof Embedded systems and
Applications (IJESA) Vol.5, No.2, June 2015.

[6] Sadiccha C. Pol, Ashwini H. Wagh, Pooja T. Ramole,

Smrati H. Sharma,"Fire Detection Using Image Processing
and Sensors", International Journalof Engineering
Trends and Applications (I JETA) Volume 3 Issue 2, Mar-
Apr 2016.

[7] Osman S. da Penha Jr.,Eduardo F. Nakamura, "Fusing

Light and Temperature Data for Fire Detection".

[8] Jimin Cheon, Jeonghwan Lee, Inhee Lee, Youngcheol

Chae, Youngsin Yoo,and Gunhee Han, "A Single-Chip
CMOS Smoke and Temperature Sensor for an Intelligent
Fire Detector",IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 9, NO.
8,AUGUST 2009.

[9] Ren C. Luo Fellow, ZEEE, Kuo L. Su, Kuo Ho Tsai,

"Intelligent Security Robot Fire Detection System Using
Adaptive Sensory Fusion Method".

[10] Kausik Sen1, Jeet Sarkar1, Sutapa Saha1, Anukrishna

Roy1, DipsetuDey1, Sumit Baitalik1,Chandra Sekhar
Nandi2, “Automated Fire Detectionand Controlling
System”, International Advanced Research Journal in

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1081