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Standard Forehead Flap
Applications
Coverage
Middle and Inferior Thirds
of Face
Lateral Face
Oral Cavity
Frontal and Maxillary Sinus
Reconstruction
Eyelids
Nose
‘Tongue 272 Regional Flaps: Anatomy and Basic Techniques / Headand Neck
Standard flap
Extended flap
Dominant pesice: Froniatoranch of superficial emporal artery (0)
Minor pedicles: Supratrochlear ater (m:supraorbtalantery (m;) Standard Forehead Flap
273
FEATURES
LOCATION: This flap comprises the hairless skin of the forehead between the scalp and
the eyebrows and extends laterally to the preauricular and temporal hair-bearing
skin, The flap is based laterally on one side of the forehead and extends across the
forehead to the edge of the hair-bearing temporal sealp on the contralateral side. In
the patient with alopecia of the frontal scalp the flap may be shifted superiorly tothe
cexisting hairline.
SIZE:22 X Tem
Muscle: Occipitofrontalis
ORIGIN: Procerus, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, and zygomatie process of the
frontal bone
INSERTION: Galea aponeurotica
Flap Type: Fasciocutaneous
Pattern of Circulation: Type \
VASCULAR ANATOMY
Dominant Pedicle: Superficial temporal artery and vein
REGIONAL SOURCE: External carotid artery and vein
“TH:4em
DIAMETER:2m
LOCATION: Originates posterior to the vertical ramusof the mandible within ordeep to
the parotid gland and extends over the zygomatic process of the temporal bong
‘The superficial temporal artery is located anterior to the superficial temporal vei
and both course in a superior direction deep to the superficial temporal fascia. Ap-
proximately 4 em superior to the zygomatic arch the artery divides into its terminal
branches, including the frontal and parietal branches. The frontal branch courses
anteriorly and supplies the frontalis muscle and overlying forchead and frontal scalp
skin,
Minor Pedicle: Supratrochlear artery and venae comitantes
REGIONAL SOURCE: Terminal branch of ophthalmic artery
LENGTH 3m
DIAMETER: I mum
LOCATION: Exits the orbit at the medial edge and courses through the frontal muscle
and cephalad over the anterior epicranium.
Minor Pedicle: Supraorbital artery and venae comitantes
REGIONAL SOURCE: Ophthalmic artery
LENGTH: 4m
DIAME
LOCATION: Exits the supraorbital foramen or notch beneath the frontalis muscle and
courses cephalad over the anterior epieranium.
ER Imm
