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Digital Signal Processing: B.E Ece (5Th Semester)

This document discusses digital signal processing experiments conducted in MATLAB. It includes 10 experiments: 1) generating basic signals like impulse, step, ramp using MATLAB; 2) performing time reversal and time shifting on sequences; 3) determining convolution of sequences using the conv function; 4) convolution without using conv; 5) building a convolution function; 6) finding correlation between signals; 7) calculating correlation using conv; 8) finding cross correlation; 9) circular convolution; and 10) calculating the discrete Fourier transform of a sequence. The document provides the aim, requirements, theory and MATLAB code for each experiment.

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Saatwat Cool
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58 views17 pages

Digital Signal Processing: B.E Ece (5Th Semester)

This document discusses digital signal processing experiments conducted in MATLAB. It includes 10 experiments: 1) generating basic signals like impulse, step, ramp using MATLAB; 2) performing time reversal and time shifting on sequences; 3) determining convolution of sequences using the conv function; 4) convolution without using conv; 5) building a convolution function; 6) finding correlation between signals; 7) calculating correlation using conv; 8) finding cross correlation; 9) circular convolution; and 10) calculating the discrete Fourier transform of a sequence. The document provides the aim, requirements, theory and MATLAB code for each experiment.

Uploaded by

Saatwat Cool
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIGITAL SIGNAL

PROCESSING

SESSION: 2018-19
SUBMITTED BY :RONIT SHARMA
SUBMITTED TO:MR.SUMIT BUDHIRAJA
ROLL NO.:UE165092
 B.E ECE (5th SEMESTER)
INDEX
S.NO. NAME OF THE REMARKS
EXPERIMENT
1. TO GENERATE BASIC
ELEMENTARY SIGNALS IN
DISCRETE USING MATLAB.

2. TO PERFORM TIME REVERSAL


AND TIME SHIFTING
OPERATIONS ON A SEQUENCE.

3. TO DETERMINE CONVOLUTION
OF 2 SEQUENCES USING INBUILT
MATLAB FUNCTION conv.

4. CONVOLUTION OF 2 SEQUENCES
WITHOUT USING INBUILT
FUNCTION.

5. TO BUILD A FUNCTION FILE FOR


CONVOLUTION OF 2
SEQUENCES.
6. TO FIND CORRELATION
BETWEEN 2 SIGNALS.
7. TO CALCULATE CORRELATION
USING conv FUNCTION.
8. TO FIND CROSS CORRELATION

9. CALCULATE CIRCULAR
CONVOLUTION OF 2 SIGNALS.

10. TO CALCULATE DFT OF A


SEQUENCE.
FIGURE WINDOW
EXPERIMENT-1

AIM: TO GENERATE BASIC ELEMENTARY SIGNALS


INDISCRETE
USING MATLAB.
REQUIREMENTS: A PC with MATLAB installed in it.
THEORY: The basic elementary signals are:
 Unit impulse signal- It isdefined as:
1; 𝑡 = 0
𝛿(𝑡) = { )=1;t=00;t≠0
0; 𝑡 ≠ 0
 Unit step signal- It is defined as:
0; 𝑡 < 0
𝑢(𝑡) = { )=0;t<01;t≥0
1; 𝑡 ≥ 0
 Unit ramp signal- It is defined as:
𝑡; 𝑡 ≥ 0
𝑟(𝑡) = { )=t;t≥00;t<0
0; 𝑡 < 0
 Exponential signal- It is defined as:
𝑘 𝑡 ; 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑥(𝑡) = { (𝑎+𝑗𝑏)𝑡 )=k^t;real
𝑒 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
exponential sequencee^a+jbt;complex exponential sequence
These elementary functions can be represented in discrete form in
MATLAB using “stem” function.
CODE:
COMMAND WINDOW

FIGURE WINDOW
EXPERIMENT-2
AIM: TO PERFORM TIME REVERSAL AND TIME SHIFTING
OPERATIONS ON A SEQUENCE.
TIME SHIFTING

MATLAB can be used to perform shifting of signals. A signal can be delayed as


well as advanced.

 The basic idea is to add the shift value to indices and thereby plotting the
signal.

TIME REVERSAL

The inbuilt function fliplr() function can be used to perform reversing or


folding a signal.

Syntax:

 fliplr(a) : if a is row vector it returns a vector with the same size of


a but with reversed order.
if a is column vector it flips the elements one column to the other.

CODE:
COMMAND WINDOW

FIGURE WINDOW
EXPERIMENT-3
AIM:TO DETERMINE CONVOLUTION OF 2 SEQUENCES
USING INBUILT MATLAB FUNCTION conv.
REQUIREMENTS: A PC with MATLAB installed in it.
THEORY:
Convolution is a mathematical operation used to express the relation
between input and output of an LTI system. It relates input, output and
impulse response of an LTI system as
y(t)=x(t)∗h(t)
Where y(t) = output of LTI
x(t) = input of LTI
h(t) = impulse response of LTI

CODE:
COMMAND WINDOW

FIGURE WINDOW
EXPERIMENT-4

AIM:TO DETERMINE CONVOLUTION OF 2 SEQUENCES


WITHOUT USING INBUILT CONV FUNCTION
REQUIREMENTS: A PC with MATLAB installed in it.
THEORY:
Convolution is a mathematical operation used to express the relation
between input and output of an LTI system. It relates input, output and
impulse response of an LTI system as
y(t)=x(t)∗h(t)
Where y(t) = output of LTI
x(t) = input of LTI
h(t) = impulse response of LTI

CODE:
EXPERIMENT-5

AIM:TO BUILD A FUNCTION FILE FOR


CONVOLUTION OF 2 SEQUENCES.
REQUIREMENTS: A PC with MATLAB installed in it.
THEORY:
Convolution is a mathematical operation used to express the relation
between input and output of an LTI system. It relates input, output and
impulse response of an LTI system as
y(t)=x(t)∗h(t)
Where y(t) = output of LTI
x(t) = input of LTI
h(t) = impulse response of LTI

CODE:
COMMAND WINDOW

FIGURE WINDOW
EXPERIMENT-6

AIM: TO FIND CORRELATION BETWEEN 2 SIGNALS.


REQUIREMENTS:A PC with MATLAB installed in it.
THEORY:
Correlation is a measure of similarity between two signals. The general
formula for correlation is
∞
∞
∫ x1(t)x2(t − τ)dt ∫ x1(t)x2(t − τ)dt
−∞
−∞
There are two types of correlation:
 Auto correlation
 Cross correlation

 Auto Correlation Function :


 It is defined as correlation of a signal with itself. Auto correlation
function is a measure of similarity between a signal & its time
delayed version. It is represented with R(ττ).
 Consider a signals x(t). The auto correlation function of x(t) with its
time delayed version is given by
∞
 ∫
−∞
x(t)x(t − τ)dt [+ SHIFT]
 CODE:
COMMAND WINDOW

FIGURE WINDOW
EXPERIMENT-7

AIM: CALCULATING CORRELATION USING conv FUNCTION.


REQUIREMENTS:A PC with MATLAB installed in it.
THEORY:
Correlation is a measure of similarity between two signals. The general
formula for correlation is
∞
∞
∫ x1(t)x2(t − τ)dt ∫ x1(t)x2(t − τ)dt
−∞
−∞
There are two types of correlation:
 Auto correlation
 Cross correlation

 CODE:
COMMAND WINDOW

FIGURE WINDOW
EXPERIMENT-8

AIM: TO FIND CROSS CORRELATION.


REQUIREMENTS:A PC with MATLAB installed in it.
THEORY:
Correlation is a measure of the similarity between two waveforms. It is
a method of time-domain analysis that is particularly useful for detecting
periodic signals buried in noise, for establishing coherence between
random signals, and for establishing the sources of signals and their
transmission times.
In radar signal processing correlation means to compare an unknown
signal against a known reference signal to determine their similarity as a
function of the displacement of one relative to the other. It is a function
of the relative time between the signals, whose mathematical equation
differs for analogue and digital signals.
CODE:

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