Aklan Catholic College

Kalibo, Aklan

Akeanon Words in the Filipino

Language

used in “Mga Prodigal”

by Luna Sicat Cleto

by

Ma. Angelica Maghinang – Domingo

Aklan Catholic College

November 2011

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ABSTRACT

This content analysis aims to identify the Akeanon

words in the Filipino language that are used in the novel
“Mga Prodigal” by Luna Sicat Cleto and compare these words’
meaning in the Akeanon language to the meaning of how these
words were used in context. The interest in this topic is
rooted in the knowledge that the Filipino language is
constantly being developed through the inclusion of words
from different languages, including Akeanon, in the
Philippines.

This paper desires to awaken the awareness of Filipinos

about Akeanon words in the Filipino language and how much
the original meaning of these words differ from what they
mean in Filipino. Another one of its goals is to give the
Akeanon a sense of pride for the Akeanon language.

The researcher documented all the Akeanon words in the

Filipino language as included in UP Diksyonaryong Filipino
(Binagong Edisyon) by Virgilio S. Almario, including the
definition of these words and where these can be found in
the said dictionary. These words were looked up in Cleto’s
“Mga Prodigal” and the meaning of these words, as used in
the novel, were compared to the original meaning.

This analysis may give the Filipinos an idea on how the

Akeanon language has progressed and how it may be used to
express thoughts clearly whether when talking with an
Akeanon or a non-Akeanon speaker.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to sincerely thank the

following persons and institutions for the invaluable
support and assistance given to this project:

Above all, God our Almighty Father, the best teacher,

for His gift of life, intellect and language;

Mr. Francisco C. Maghinang and Ms. Nida Templo, for

showing me how a family may be apart from each other but
never broken;

Mr. Kim Francis B. Domingo and Mr. Francis Albert

Domingo, for their never-ending love and support in all my
endeavors;

Mr. June B. Mijares, for his patience and generosity

with his time and expertise;

Aklan Collegian Family, for their support and

suggestions;

ACCESs, for all their help and for lessons that could
never be learned in the classroom;

Aklan Catholic College, for the opportunities and

resources that made this project possible;

Mrs. Profetiza I. Maatubang, for this wonderful

opportunity to learn more about the Akeanon and the Filipino
language.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

List of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

CHAPER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Conceptual Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Scope and Delimitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Language and Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Language Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

National Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Advantages and Disadvantages. . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Filipino as the National Language . . . . . . . . . 19

Development of the Filipino Language. . . . . . . . 20

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Cognates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Cognates Awareness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Kinds of Cognates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Convertible Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

CHAPTER III: METHODS AND PROCEDURES

The Research Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Data Gathering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

CHAPTER IV: IMPLEMENTATION / OUTPUT

Akeanon Words in the Filipino Language. . . . . . . 25

Akeanon Words in “Mga Prodigal” . . . . . . . . . . 40

Comparison of Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, FNDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary and Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Researcher’s Resume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Akeanon Words in the Filipino Language. . . . . 25

Table 2: Akeanon Words in “Mga Prodigal” . . . . . . . . 40

Table 3: Comparison of Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

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CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

The importance of language is immeasurable. It is not

only used in communication per se but is also used in
building relationships, learning about one’s culture as well
as other people’s and disseminating information which are
vital to our lives as human beings.

Language is an essential tool for countries not just in

terms of economic status more important, in enriching a
country’s culture. Through language, culture is passed on
from a generation to another. It keeps the culture of a
particular country alive, for the next citizens to enjoy and
appreciate.

Literature is the art of language. It talks about

significant human experiences applicable to people’s lives
from the past, the present, and for days to come. Language
and literature is intertwined just like how these two are
also intertwined with culture.

To appreciate literature more, it is important to be

adept with the different possible meanings of the words that
the author used. Likewise, it is important to know the
language thoroughly to be able to precisely interpret a
literature.

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Filipino is the national language of the Philippines.

The common mistake that misinformed people commit about it,
though, is thinking that the Filipino Language refers to the
Tagalog Language. It may be confusing to the majority,
especially when we look back to history wherein it is stated
that Tagalog became “Pilipino” in 1961 and that in 1987, the
Constitution of the Philippines declared “Filipino” as our
national language. However, it is subject to development
wherein the different existing languages in the Philippines
will be included.

There are 175 indigenous languages existing in the

Philippines. Some of these are Bicolano, Cebuano, Ilokano,
Kapampangan and Akeanon.

The UP Diksyonaryong Filipino, the only Filipino

dictionary, contains all the words in the Filipino language,
including the origin of each. In the said dictionary, the
Akeanon words can be identified including its new meaning,
if it has been changed when it was integrated in the
Filipino language, which can be compared to how Akeanons
understand the word’s meaning. This dictionary will be used
as the basis for the comparison of the original meaning of
the words and their meaning as used in the novel, “Mga
Prodigal” by Luna Sicat Cleto.

Luna Sicat Cleto, an award-winning contemporary

fictionist is a perfect author for the content analysis,
being a non-Akeanon speaker, hence, eliminating background
about the words’ meaning in Akeanon.

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The researcher chose to conduct the study for the

reason that in doing so; hopefully, it will help the
researcher be familiar with the Akeanon words that are
included in the Filipino language. In analyzing the novel,
“Mga Prodigal”, written by Luna Sicat Cleto, the researcher
aims to compare and contrast the original meaning of the
Akeanon words and how they were used in the Filipino novel.

Optimistically, the knowledge of the Akeanon Words

integrated in the Filipino language will help raise
awareness and appreciation of the Akeanon language among the
people of Aklan.

Familiarity with these Filipino words that were from

the Akeanon language, the original meaning and how it is
used in a Filipino Literature may help the researcher enrich
her vocabulary and be able to choose words in expressing her
thoughts precisely, leading to the creation of more
effective literature.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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The study focuses on the comparison and contrasting the

original meaning of the Akeanon words included in the
Filipino language and how they were used in the novel, “Mga
Prodigal” by Luna Sicat Cleto. The purpose of the analysis
is to answer the following questions:

1. What are the Akeanon words in the Filipino

language?
2. What are the Akeanon words included in the Filipino
language used in the novel “Mga Prodigal” by Luna
Sicat Cleto?
3. What are the original meanings of these Akeanon
words?
4. What are the meanings of these Akeanon words as
used in context of the novel?
5. How are the original meanings of the Akeanon words
similar or different with their meanings as used in
context of the novel based on Rio Alma’s UP
Diksyonaryong Filipino (Binagong Edisyon)?

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Cognates are words that have common origin. This

content analysis will focus on cognates from Akeanon and
Filipino language. This study is related to the following
theories:

SCYTHIAN HYPOTHESIS BY JOHANNES GOROPIUS BECANUS

The Scythian Hypothesis was first proposed in the 16th

century. It speculated that many European languages such as
Greek and Latin descended from a Scythian language. Sir
William Jones, though, was the one who stimulated widespread
research until it became a solid theory in 1786.

This theory proves that there are words in different

languages that have a common origin, like some words in
Filipino that came from the Akeanon language.

UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR BY NOAM CHOMSKY

The Universal Grammar proposes that there are

properties that all possible natural human languages have.
It also includes how people categorize words, for example,
as nouns, verbs, etc. and how the nouns and verbs maintain
their state even when translated into another language.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

L1 MEANING

TEXT COGNATE RELATION?

L2 MEANING

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Akeanon. the local dialect of Aklan. It has a unique semi-

vowel in their tongue, the “ea” which has a distinct
pronunciation but pronounced as “la” in other Filipino
dialects.

(http://www.ncsb.gov.ph/ru6/aklanon.htm)

As used in the study, the term refers to the local language

of the residents of Aklan.

Filipino Language. The national language and one of the

official languages of the Philippines along with English.

(http://www. phrasebase.com/archive/tagalong/82-filipino-
language.html)

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As used in the study, the term refers to the national

language of the Philippines which includes words from the
different dialects within the country.

Mga Prodigal. persons who spends, or has spent, his money or

substance with wasteful extravagance; spendthrift

(http://www. dictionary.reference.com/browse/prodigal)

As used in the study, the term refers to a novel written by

Luna Sicat Cleto about Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW)

Tagalog. One of the Indonesian languages, Tagalog has eight

local dialects. It is an agglutinative language with a well-
developed system of word formation, including affixation,
reduplication, and compounding. There are few inflections,
particularly in nouns. The word formation of verbs is
syncretic. Conjunctions are the principal means of syntactic
bonding. The vocabulary contains many borrowings from
Sanskrit, Chinese, Spanish, and English.

(http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Tagalog)

As used in the study, the term refers to the language in the

Philippines that is mostly spoken by the residents of Luzon,
and which was used as the foundation of the Filipino
language.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to raise the awareness of people about

the existence of Akeanon words that were included in the
Filipino Language and the difference on how it is used in
Filipino and its original meaning.

This will benefit:

1. Filipino Writers: They will benefit from the study by

being aware of the origin of some words in the Filipino
Language. This will give them more options so they can
be more effective in expressing themselves especially
when writing for the Akeanon People.

2. Akeanon Locals: They will benefit from the study by

gaining knowledge about the different Akeanon words
included in the Filipino Language and raise their
awareness on the differences of how these words were
used in a specific literature and its original meaning.
This will enable them to make necessary adjustments
when speaking to or writing for non-Akeanon speakers.
This will also allow them to take pride in having
Akeanon as a part of the national language.

3. Filipino Speakers: They will benefit from the study by

gaining awareness about the origin of some Filipino
words and what they originally mean, most likely, when
spoken or written by an Akeanon local. This will help
the listenet or reader understand the message of the
speaker or author, better.
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4. Filipino Teachers: They will benefit from the study by

gaining knowledge about the possible difference of the
meaning of a word depending upon the native tongue of
the speaker or writer. It will help them communicate
more effectively with their learners.

5. Researchers: This study may serve as a guide for them

when conducting a comparative study between Akeanon and
Filipino Language.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study limits its coverage on the Akeanon words

included in the Filipino language that appeared in the novel
“Mga Prodigal” by Luna Sicat Cleto. Its main purpose is to
compare and contrast the original meaning of these Akeanon
words to how they were used in context of the novel through
content analysis after the identification of these Akeanon
words.

CHAPTER II

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter reviews the related studies and other

pertinent materials on the topic both in the Philippines and
other countries.

LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

Language is primarily speech. Therefore, we use it to

communicate. When we communicate, we aim to share our
thoughs and sometimes, it is not just the speaker’s
communication skills solely that affects the effectiveness
of the process. The listener may or not be able to
understand what exactly the speaker means depending upon his
own communication skills. Communication is a two-way
processs and that’s why it is important that both parties
have a common language, so that they may understand what
each other are saying.

LANGUAGE THEORIES

There are different theories on how language is formed.

These may offer sensible explanations while some may sound
ridiculous to other people but these theories give
foundation as to what we believe in about language
formation.

A number of interesting theories were mentioned by Dr.

C. George Boeree, a retired professor who is currently
working at the Psychology Department of Shippensburg
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University in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, USA. Some of these

are the “Mama Theory” which stated that we usually learn the
easiest syllables to pronounce that are attached to the most
significant objects, the “Bow-wow Theory” which refers to
how we imitate the sound that an animal or an object makes
which is also known as onomatopoeia or echoism and the
“Eureka! Theory” which, according to Dr. Boeree, language
may have been constructed when some ancestors decided to
assign arbitrary sound to objects and when other people get
the idea, it was used and it became widely known to a
certain culture.

NATIONAL LANGUAGE

When a country works to have a national language that

would bind its citizens towards cooperation and unity, there
are numerous factors to be considered. Usually, there are a
lot of issues raised especially when there are a number of
languages existing in that particular country. Of course,
each would want his own language to be chosen and be the
country’s national language.

I found a very helpful study by Mr. Jason Baldridge,

who is now an Assistant Professor at the University of Texas
at Austin, written when he was still an undergraduate at the
University of Toledo, in Toledo, Ohio, USA. It is entitled,
“Reconciling Linguistic Diversity: The History and the
Future of Language Policy in India”.

He made an analysis of the social and political aspects

of language planning and promotion. India, being one of the

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multilingual nations in the world, also experienced a lot of

difficulties in choosing their national language.

With respondents from well-educated classes, the result

showed that they prefer to have English as their national
language but is closely followed by those who have chosen
Hindi.

The study mentioned that different foreign languages

that were used as the official language of the country like
Persian and English. It was mentioned that nowadays, only
three to four percent of India’s total population speaks
English, these speakers are the most elite and influential
persons in India today.

After independence, Mathama Gandhi pointed out five

requirements for choosing a national language and they are
as follows:

1. It should be easy to learn for government officials;

2. It should be able to serve as medium of religious,

economic and political intercourse throughout India;

3. It should be the speech of the majority of the

inhabitants of India;

4. It should be easy to learn for the whole country;

5. In choosing this language, considerations of temporary

or passing interests should not count. (Das Gupta
1970, p. 109)

As mentioned in the study, choosing a national language

is a very controversial task and it would be very difficult

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for all the citizens to accept the language that will be

chosen.

A compromise was made when Gandhi supported Hindustani,

a language built from Hindu and Urdu. However, when millions
of Muslims emerged and decided that they need not heed
Gandhi’s concessions, they decided to use Hindi and left
Urdu and Hindustani.

Inhabitants of India who are in favor of having an

official language believes that it would help the citizens
have the feeling of national unity which they feel is
lacking due to a lot of diversity.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING A NATIONAL LANGUAGE

An article written by Claude Piron of New York, USA,

stated the advantages of having a national language. Some of
the advantages mentioned in the study are the prevention of
discrimination and the less time and effort needed in
studying towards language proficiency.

It also mentioned a disadvantage which was the effort

to be exerted, and the time, if the language will be created
from scratch. Creating the language from scratch, however,
will prevent protests from those who speak another language
apart from the existing language on which the national
language will be based.

NATIONAL LANGUAGE AND THE GOVERNMENT

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In an article written by Jeremy Egerer of California,

USA for American Thinker, it was mentioned that the
government could not totally control language although it is
the one most concerned about linguistic uniformity. From
another angle of the issue, there are also events in history
when a country speaks only one language but the language
evolved through inventions and trends and caused the
existence of totally different dialects. An example cited
was Rome, which started with Latin language but eventually
resulted in the addition of Italian, French and Spanish,
among many others. The article emphasized that language is
dynamic.

FILIPINO AS THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE

Filipino was designated to be the national language of

the Philippines in the 1973 and 1987 Philippine
Constitution. In the Article XIV, Sec. 6 of the 1986
Constitution, there was a mandate to evolve, further develop
and enrich Filipino on the basis of existing languages in
the Philippines and other languages as well.

An article written by Jessie Grace Rubrico, an Expert

Author at the Ezine Magazine and a member of the Linguistic
Society of the Philippines asks if Filipino has truly
metamorphosed into a Philippine’s national language. It also
mentioned how our vocabulary is greatly influenced by the
English language because of “borrowing” or “loaning”.
Rubrico emphasized that a national language can be a
unifying concept of our continuing struggle against our
colonizers.
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The article also mentioned the influence of the media

to the Filipino language as used by the younger generation
and hot it would affect the structure and the vocabulary of
the generations to come.

The issue of citizens having to choose one language

over more or less one hundred existing languages in the
country has been around for almost a century now.

The article also discussed the history of the Filipino

language. It was stated that the language started as
Tagalog-based. In 1959, the term “Pilipino” was acquired and
used to give it a national character. In 1965, the “purists”
attempted to enhance the vocabulary through wordsmithing. In
1970, it became the medium of instruction in both private
and public elementary and secondary schools in the country.
Finally, in 1987, “Pilipino” was changed into “Filipino” to
manifest the inclusion of English and Spanish words in our
vocabulary.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE FILIPINO LANGUAGE

According to an article written by Paz M. Belvez of the

National Commission for Culture and the Arts, the initial
step towards the development of our national language was
when a national committee was created to choose a national
language. Representatives from different parts of the
country were present including Jaime C. de Veyra and Felimon
Sotto for the Visayas region. Later on, the Committee on
National Language was created. The said committee decided to

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make Filipino a fusion of the different languages in the

Philippines.

In an article which appeared in “Tagalog Lang”, the

efforts of the national academics tried to enrich the
Pilipino vocabulary by introducing Neologism and replacing
words of foreign origin to make it sound more native like
“salumpuwit” for chair. Some of their efforts, however, were
not successful and still, the public chose the borrowed
“silya” from the Spanish language.

It also compared Filipino and Tagalog, concluding that

Filipino is like a “Tagalog Plus”, inclusive of words from
other languages in addition to Tagalog.

Even though “Filipino”, the national language of the

Philippines started as a language cased on the Tagalog
language, there are words included in it that came from
other dialects. This study will help readers identify which
words were originally Akeanon and whether changes were made
in its original meaning when these words are used in a
Filipino novel.

COGNATES

Cognates are words that exist in more than one language or

words that have common roots.

COGNATES AWARENESS

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Having the knowledge about cognates may greatly help

students in learning about language. Knowing about cognates
gives the learners an easy way to grasp the words and their
meanings and makes it easier for them to remember these
words. In cognates, the mind processes input as it does with
our mother tongue. Usually, these cognates include borrowed
words that more often than not, maintain their original
meaning or at least, have a major resemblance to it. Some
examples of these cognates among five languages – English,
German, Dutch, Swedish and Norgwegian are “analytical”,
“gynecological”, “theological”, “pathological” and
“philosophical”.

KINDS OF COGNATES

There are two kinds of cognates. First is the true

cognates, words that means the same no matter on what
languages it exists and semi-true, or sometimes called semi-
false cognates which may have the same meaning or not,
depending upon its use in context.

CONVERTIBLE WORDS

It is important for us to remember that not all

cognates translate directly when used in another language.
For example, the word “inferior”, when used in Spanish
refers to a person that is a subordinate while it is
derogatory when used in English.

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CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter presents the methods and procedures

involved in the systematic collection of data needed in the
study. The topic includes the research method used and data
gathering.

The Research Method

This content analysis is concerned with the Akeanon

words in the Filipino language that were used in the novel,
“Mga Prodigal” by Luna Sicat Cleto.

This type of research involves close examination of a

text or literature, a novel, in this case and the analysis
of the relation between the words that are being looked for.

This analysis is an organized attempt to examine,

analyze and compare the content of a text. Therefore, it is
appropriate that a content analysis be used.

Data Gathering
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This content analysis involved three processes. First,

Akeanon words that are included in the Filipino language
were identified through the use of Virgilio Almario’s UP
Diksyonaryong Filipino (Binagong Edisyon) and the definition
of these words were listed down including the page on which
these words are located in the said dictionary.

Second, the novel, “Mga Prodigal” by Luna Sicat Cleto

was read and the Akeanon words that appeared in it were
copied and the meanings of these words in context were
recorded by chapter and page where they appeared, according
to the order of their appearance in their respective
chapters.

Third, the meanings of these words were identified if

their meaning were changed or maintained and the original
meanings of the Akeanon words were compared to how these
words were used in the novel.

CHAPTER IV

IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTPUT

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This chapter presents the gathered data in tabular form

with their accompanying analysis and interpretation. The
sequence of presentation follows the statement of the
problem.

Table I: Akeanon Words in the Filipino Language

This table shows the Akeanon words that are included in

the Filipino language according to Virgilio S. Almario’s UP
Diksyonaryong Filipino (Binagong Edisyon) with their
original definition.

Akeanon
Definition Page
Word

Abaga Balikat 1

Abaka Halamang hemp; putting himaymay mula sa 1

naturang halaman na ginagawang lubid,
tela, basket

Abang Harang 2

Abay tao na katambal o kapareha 3

Abtik Listo 7

Adlaw araw; ang bawat isa sa pitong bahagi na 12

bumubuo sa isang linggo na may
pangalan: Lunes, Martes, Miyerkoles,
Huwebes, Biyernes, Sabado, Linggo

Agda yaya o pagyaya 17

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Agi Bakla; binabae; lalaking nagkakagusto, 18

umiibig at nakikipagtalik sa kapuwa
lalaki

Agindan bangaw; malaking langaw 18

Agiw maruming sapot ng gagamba; maitim na 18

dumi mula sa usok ng lampara o kandila

Aklanon pangkat etniko na matatagpuan sa 23

lalawigan ng Aklan; wika ng pangkating
ito

Aligutgot matinding sama-ng-loob, labis na 33

pagdaramdam

Anad Sanay 51

Angsi panghi; amoy ng ihi 57

Aninipot alitaptap; kulisap na karaniwang 58

lumilipad sa gabi at nakapagbibigay ng
kukuti-kutitap na liwanag

Antos magtiis o tiisin 63

Anwang Kalabaw 64

Anyag Ganda o kagandahan 64

Apa Pipi 65

Aslom Asim 82

Asog Binabae 83

Aton kanita; noon 88

Atop Bubong 88

Away Alit 92

Ayam Aso 94

Bagiging Balakang 102

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Bagnas Manibalang 102

Bagnit Babae 102

Bagyo ligalig sa atmospera, karaniwang may 105

palatandaang malakas na hangin na may
kasamang malakas na ulan, kulog at
kidlat

Baha Pag-apaw ng lumalaking tubig mula sa 105

normal nitong lugar tungo sa karatig
lugar, karaniwang dulot ng malakas na
ulan

Bahag kapirasong tela na nagsisilbing salawal 105

Bahay Matanda 106

Baliog Alampay 124

Banaba Malaki-laking punongkahoy (Lagers- 130

troemia speciosa) na tumataas nang
hanggang 20m, nababakbak ang balat na
makinis at abuhin, at may lilang
bulaklak

banagbanag Liwayway 131

Banbanon Alupihan 132

Bangkaw Sibat 135

Bangkay katawan ng patay na tao o hayop 135

Bangkil Pangil 135

Bao matigas na bahaging bumabalot sa laman 141

ng niyog

Baog walang kakayahang magkaanak (sa tao); 141

walang kakayahang mamunga (sa halaman);
hindi tinutubuan ng halaman (sa lupa)

Page | 27
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Barang Kulam 142

Basa nagkaroon o napatakan ng anumang likido 146

gaya ng tubig, dugo o langis

Basag Hindi na buo 146

Batiis Binti 151

Bato matigas na substance at binubuo ng 152

mineral

Batod Suwahe 152

Bayaw bana ng kapatid o pinsang babae; 156

lalaking kapatid o pinsan ng asawa

Bitay parusang kamatayan sa isang gumawa ng 179

krimen; pagpatay sa pamamagitan ng
pagbigti

Bitik Pulgas 180

Bubon Bumbunan 194

Bukag Hambog 199

Buktot hipong bulik 201

Buktot Kuba 201

Bukya Dikya 201

Buntot Dulong puwitan o paghaba ng dulong 210

puwitan sa katawan ng isang hayop

Busay Bukal 214

Buslot Butas 214

Busog Alahas 214

Busog kumain o uminom hanggang sa masiyahan 214

Buyon Pipi 219

Daan Matanda 248

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Dabong Sagana 248

Dagat malawak na tubig alat na bumabalot sa 249

malaking bahagi ng rabaw ng mundo at
pumapalibot sa kalupaan

Dagit bigla at mabilis na pagtangay mula sa 250

itaas o habang lumilipad

dag-on Gulang 250

Dagsa biglaan at sabay sabay na pagdami ng 251

mga tao o bagay

Dagta Batik 251

Dagyaw Bayanihan 252

Dalikdik Balakubak 257

Dalipi Bato 257

Damang Gagamba 260

Damgo Panaginip 260

Danaw Lawa 262

Dangaw Dangkal 262

Dughan Dibdib 308

Duom Nguya 313

Dupa Dipa 313

Dupilok Idlip 313

Duyan higaang isinasabit, karaniwang gawa sa 315

tinilad na kawayan o yantok, nilalang
lubid, at tinatalian ang magkabilang
dulo upang maiugoy

Gabe Halamang-ugat (Colocasia esculenta) na 377

malinis at nakakain din ang dahon

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Gikab Yungib 397

Guniguni kapangyarihan ng isip na bumuo ng 415

hulagway

Gusok Tadyang 417

Haba sukat ng magkabilang dulo; tagal ng 419

pangyayari o pagsasagawa ng anuman

Habagat hangin mula sa kanluran, karaniwang 419

malakas, may dalang lamig at ulan

Halimonon Damo 427

ham-an Bakit 420

ham-og mga butil ng tubig mula sa hangin na 430

namuo nang magdamag sa mga dahon ng
halaman o iba pang malamig na rabaw

Hamtik Hantik 431

Handom Balak 432

Handing Lilim 432

Handos isaksak o saksakin 432

Hari noong una, pinakamataas na pinuno, 436

lalaki man o babae; ngayon,
pinakamataas na pinunong lalaki ng
isang nagsasariling bansa, kadalasang
namamana ang posisyon; sa kasalukuyan,
taguri sa sinumang nag-aangkin ng lakas
o talinong nakahihigit sa karamihan

Haro Halik 436

Hasang bahagi sa dakong ulo ng mga isda at 437

ginagamit sa paghinga

Hibayag tawa o pagtawa 455

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Hibi Tangis 445

Higop pagkuha paloob o patungo sa ilalim, 447

karaniwang sa likido

Hikdo Hikbi 447

Hilap Hiwa 449

Hilaw hindi luto; bubot, karaniwan sa 449

bungangkahoy gaya ng hilaw na papaya,
hilaw na mangga at hilaw na saging

Hili Lason 449

Hilong Lasing 450

Himbis Kaliskis 452

Hipag kapatid na babae ng asawa o bana; asawa 457

ng kapatid na lalaki

Hiposi Payapa 458

Hisa Inggit 459

Hita dakong itaas ng paa; mula tuhod 459

hanggang singit

Hubas kati; katihan 465

Humbak tila butas o hukay na nalilikha sa 469

pagitan ng malalaking alon sa dagat;
variant ng humpak

Humok Lambot 470

Humot Bango; sangsang 470

Huni tunog na nagagawa ng ibon o iba pang 470

hayop

Huo Oo 471

Page | 31
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Hupoy Wakes 471

Huyop hihip; buga; galaw o mosyon ng hangin; 474

kasangkapang tubo, karaniwang piraso ng
kawayan, para paningasin ang baga o
panatilihin ang apoy

Ibid Bayawak 476`

Idto Doon 479

Ihaw pagluluto sa pamamagitan ng pagdarang 481

sa baga

Ikaw ikalawang panauhan sa isahang anyo; tao 483

na kinakausap

Ilaya dakong paitaas ng bayan; dakong 485

pinanggalingan ng ilog

Ilig Agos 486

Imaw Siya 488

Imo Iyo 490

Isiw Sisiw 519

Isog Tapang 520

Itip Tulong 523

Itlog Reproduktibong bilugang bagay na 524

nalilikha ng mga babaeng hayop tulad ng
ibon, reptile, at isda, may
pananggalang na ballot, at may
kakayahang maging bagong indibidwal;
reproduktibong selula ng mga babaeng
hayop at halaman

Itum Itim 524

Iwi Buntot 525

Page | 32
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Iyot Hindot 525

Kagay Kahoy 542

Kahapon sa nakalipas na araw 543

Kahapunan Dapithapon 543

Kahipos Payapa 544

Kalan gamit sa pagluluto, yari sa luad, 550

karaniwang may tatlong paa at siyang
salangan ng iluluto; aparatong para sa
pagluluto sa pamamagitan ng apoy o
koryente

kalatunday Latundan 553

Kalibo tawag sa telang pinya mula sa Aklan 554

noong panahon ng Espanyol; natatanging
uri ng hinabing damit mula sa Aklan

kamatis mababang halaman (Lycopersicum 563

esculentum) na gilit-gilit ang dahon,
maliit at kulay dilaw ang bulaklak, at
karaniwang ginagamit ang bunga na
panlahok sa lutuin at sawsawan

Kamingaw Malungkot 565

Kamunsil Kamatsile 567

Kanding Kamibing 569

Kaingga paragos;uri ng kareta, karaniwang yari 569

sa kawayan at nakatikwas kapag hinila,
kaya ang panghulihang mga dulo ng mga
baras lamang ang nakasayad sa lupa

Kantil pababang dalisdis sa pusod ng dagat 575

Page | 33
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Kapoy Pagod 577

Kasuy maliit na punongkahoy (Anacardium 592

Occidentale) na may dilaw at hugis
pusong bunga, at may buto na
nakapaibabaw sa katawan ng bunga; tawag
sa bunga at buto ng nasabing ounong-
kahoy

Kataw Sirena 594

Katig kawayan na nakakabit sa magkabilang 595

gilid o sa mga batangan ng bangka upang
matatag na lumutang sa tubig

Kawot Baluktot 600

Kilat Kidlat 607

Kitin Sakong 614

Kiwa Hiwa 614

Kulong nasarahan ang lahat ng panig o anggulo; 640

napalibutan; nakapiit

Kumbo Maruya 642

Kunot pinong pagpisil o pagpiraso sa 647

pamamagitan ng hinlalaki at hintuturo

Kurta Lanseta 647

Kuyan hipong bulik; puting may batik na itim 651

Lalis Suwail 666

Lasa sarap o hindi ng kinakain; paglasa; 680

paraan ng pagdama ng dila sa pagkain

Linawan ang higit na pinong himaymay ng dahon 703

ng pinya na ginagamit sa paghabi

Lingkad Kalibkib; laman ng niyog na pinausukan 704

Page | 34
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Liog Leeg 706

Lisgis Gasgas 708

Lising Duling 708

Lukay murang dahon ng punong niyog 719

Mata organo para sa pagtingin; ang 767

pinakasentro o gitna

Matuod Totoo 771

Maya uri ng maliit na ibon (family 772

Plocerdae), karaniwang kayumanggi at
abuhin ang balahibo, at hugis imbudo
and tuka

Muta Tila pagkit na bagay na lumalabas sa 804

mata, karaniwan kapag bagong gising o
may impeksiyon sa mata

Mutya ang pinakatangi o tampok na kagandahan 804

Muwa Ulianin 804

muyo-muyo Ulila 804

Natnat Damo; halaman na may mahahaba at 813

makikitid na dahon, madaling tumubo at
dumami, at karaniwang mababa lamang

Ni nagpapahayag ng pagmamay-ari at 819

karaniwang sinusundan ng pangalan ng
tao; nagpapahayag ng tagagawa ng
aksiyon at karaniwang sinusundan ng
pangalan ng tao

Nimo Iyo 820

Nina sugat; anumang hiwa, gasgas, saksak, at 821

Page | 35
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

iba pa sa katawan lalo na kung

napinsala ang balat

Ngana Iyan 831

Nganha Iyan 831

Ngilo Gilagid 832

Ngipon ngipin; sa mga vertebrata, matigas na 832

lawas na nakakabit nang nakahilera sa
panga; ginagamit sa pagnguya ng
pagkain, bilang sandata at pandepensa

Ngisi pagngiti nang banat ang labi at 832

nakalantad ang mga ngipin

Ngislo gilagid; matigas na lamang kinatatamnan 832

ng mga ngipin

Oba Hubad; walang damit mula baywang pataas 834

Onga Bata 845

Opa ipa; balat ng palay 846

Owa Wala 860

Oyapos Pigsa; bukol na may nana at mata 860

Pili Disenyo na isinasagawa habang hinahabi 971

ang tela

Putot pandak; maikli 1026

Sabaw pinakuluang nilaga, sinigang, at iba 1072

pang putaheng may likido

Sago uri ng palma (Metroxylon sagus) na 1078

napagkukunan ng nakakaing bunga

Saguton Sinamay 1079

sakang Tao na nakabuka ang ayos ng mga hita at 1080

binti at hindi nagdidikit ang mga tuhod
Page | 36
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

habang naglalakad o nakatayo

Sakay pasahero; anumang ikinakarga, 1080

karaniwang sa sasakyan at dinadala mula
sa ibang pook patungo sa isang pook

Sakop sinuman o anumang nasa ilalim ng isang 1082

awtoridad; sinumang nagtatrabaho sa
ilalim ng pagsubaybay ng iba

Saksakin tusukin o sugatan sa pamamagitan ng 1082

sandatang matalim

Saksi tao na nakakita, nakarinig o nakaalam 1082

ng isang pangyayari

Sapin anumang inilalagay sa ilalim ng isang 1102

bagay na nagsisilbing takip,
proteksiyon o kutson

Sinigang putahe ng karne, isda, hipon, at iba pa 1145

na may sabaw at may paasim na tulad ng
sampalok, bayabas, o kamyas

sunog pagpugnaw sa isang bagay sa pamamagitan 1186

(pagsunog) ng apoy

Talibong mahaba at matalim na tabak 1214

Talisay punongkahoy (Terminalia catappu) na 1215

tumataas hanggang 25m, biluhaba ang
makintab na dahon, at puti ang maliliit
na bulaklak

Tamad walang ganang gumawa o kumilos 1218

Tambak maraming bagay na inilagay nang sama- 1219

sama

Tapos nagawa o nabuo na 1230

Page | 37
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Tunog anumang maririnig, dulot ng pagpukaw ng 1289

mga ugat sa pandinig sa pamamagitan ng
vibration na dala ng hangin

As reflected on the table, there are two hundred and

eight (208) Akeanon words in the Filipino language.

Table 2: Akeanon Words in “Mga Prodigal”

This table shows the Akeanon words in the Filipino

language that were used in “Mga Prodigal”, a novel by Luna
Sicat Cleto with their definition as used in context.

Akeanon Word Definition (as used in context) Page

CHAPTER I

Pagsakay Paglulan 6

CHAPTER II

Busog nakakain na nang husto 7

Dumagsa naging palasak 7

Daan Kalsada 7

Bayaw asawa ng kapatid na babae 8

Bahay Tirahan 8,9,11,12

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 13, 14

Nakasakay Nakalulan 13

habagat hangin mula sa kanluran, 13

karaniwang may dalang lamig at

Page | 38
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

ulan

CHAPTER III

makipagdagitan Makipagpalitan 15

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 15

Dinagsa biglaan at sabaysabay na 15

pagdating ng tao sa isang lugar

CHAPTER IV

Bahay Tirahan 17

Basag hindi na buo 17

Bahay Tirahan 17, 18,

19

ipinasunog ipinapugnaw sa pamamagitan ng 19

apoy

CHAPTER V

Bahay Tirahan 20, 21,

28

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 20

Hita dakong itaas ng paa; mula tuhod 20

hanggang singit

Nakamata Nakatingin 22

CHAPTER VI

Bahay Tirahan 23, 25,

27

Sunog pagpugnaw sa isang bagay sa 25

pamamagitan ng apoy

Nasusunog napupugnaw dahil sa apoy 25

Hita dakong itaas ng paa; mula tuhod 28

Page | 39
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

hanggang singit

CHAPTER VII

Bangkay katawan ng patay na tao 29

Sasakay Lululan 29

Humuni Tumunog 29

Kasasakay Kalululan 30

Buntot hulihang bahagi 30

Bahay Tirahan 30

CHAPTER VIII

Mangitlog maglabas ng reproduktibong bilugang 31

bagay

Bahay Tirahan 31, 32,

35, 36

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 31, 32

nasaksihan nakita ang pangyayari 31

Aawayin Kakaalitin 32

Daan Kalsada 32

Kabuntot Kasunod 32

Sunog Apoy 32

pag-aaway pag-aalitan 33

Hita dakong itaas ng paa; mula tuhod 34

hanggang singit

CHAPTER IX

Naghahari Pinakasikat 37

nag-ihaw nagluto sa pamamagitan ng 38

pagpapadarang sa baga

Nakasakay Nakalulan 38
Page | 40
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

dagat-dagatan animo'y malawak na anyo ng tubig 39

CHAPTER X

Huni Tunog 40

sapin-sapin patong-patong 41

pinakatamad pinakawalang-ganang kumilos 42

Bahay Tirahan 42

Nangisi Nangiti 43

CHAPTER XI

Bahay Tirahan 44

Pagsakay Paglulan 46

CHAPTER XII

Bato matigas na substance na binubuo ng 49

mineral

Basa napatakan ng likido 49

Bahay Tirahan 49

Daan Kalsada 50

CHAPTER XIII

Bahay Tirahan 50, 53,

54, 56,
57, 58

mag-aaway mag-aalitan 51

Bato matigas na substance na binubuo ng 52, 58

mineral

Tamad walang ganang kumilos 54

Dagat malawak na tubig alat 57

Buntot paghaba ng dulong puwitan sa 58

Page | 41
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

katawan ng isang hayop

CHAPTER XIV

Lasa sarap o hindi ng kinakain 60

Ngumisi Ngumiti 60

CHAPTER XV

Binabasa pinapatakan ng likido 62

CHAPTER XVI

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 64

Ikaw taong kinakausap 64

CHAPTER XVII

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 65

CHAPTER XVIII

Bahay Tirahan 70, 72

Bato matigas na substance na binubuo ng 71

mineral

CHAPTER XIX

Bahay Tirahan 74

CHAPTER XX

Kamatis mababang halaman (Lycopersicum 75

esculentum) na gilit-gilit ang
dahon, maliit at kulay dilaw ang
bulaklak

CHAPTER XXI

Humuni Tumunog 78

Nasunog napugnaw sa pamamagitan ng apoy 79

CHAPTER XXII

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 81

Page | 42
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Bahay tirahan 81, 82

Hari Tao na laging nasusunod ang mga 81

sinasabi at ipinag-uutos

Saksi nakakita sa pangyayari 81

CHAPTER XXIII

Sinakyan Nilulanan 82

Hita dakong itaas ng paa; mula tuhod 83

hanggang singit

Daan Kalsada 83

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 84

CHAPTER XXIV

Bahay Tirahan 87, 88

Iihawin iimbistigahan; uusisain; sesermunan 86

CHAPTER XXV

Bahay Tirahan 87, 88

Bato matigas na substance na binubuo ng 87

mineral

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 88

CHAPTER XXVI

Sunog sumobra sa tamang tagal ng 90

pagluluto

Sinigang putahe na may sabaw at paasim 90

Sago uri ng palma (Metroxylon sagus) na 90

napagkukunan ng nakakaing bunga

Saksi nakakita ng pangyayari 91

Mata organo sa pagtingin 91

Page | 43
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Tunog anumang maririnig, dulot ng 92

pagpukaw ng mga ugat sa pandinig sa
pamamagitan ng vibration na dala ng
hangin

Bahay Tirahan 93

CHAPTER XXVII

Tunog anumang maririnig, dulot ng 93

pagpukaw ng mga ugat sa pandinig sa
pamamagitan ng vibration na dala ng
hangin

Dagat malawak na tubig alat 99

Humuni Tumunog 100

Hipag asawa ng kapatid na lalaki 100

CHAPTER XXVIII

Bahay Tirahan 102

Duyan higaang isinasabit na gawa sa 102

kawayan o yantok o nilalang lubid

Bangkay katawan ng patay na tao 104

CHAPTER XXIX

Bahay Tirahan 105

Bangkay katawan ng patay na tao 107

Mata organo sa pagtingin 107

Busog nakakain ng husto 107

Sinigang putaheng may sabaw at paasim 108

Sabaw pinakuluang putaheng may likido 109

Binagyo nakaranas ng ligalig sa atmospera, 109

Page | 44
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

karaniwang may palatandaang malakas

na hangin na may kasamang malakas
na ulan, kulog at kidlat

Hamog mga butil ng tubig mula sa hangin 109

na namuo nang magdamag

Tunog anumang maririnig, dulot ng 110

pagpukaw ng mga ugat sa pandinig sa
pamamagitan ng vibration na dala ng
hangin

CHAPTER XXX

None

CHAPTER XXXI

Bahay Tirahan 113,

119, 120

Mata organo para sa pagtingin 115, 118

Bayaw asawa ng kapatid na babae 117

Hipag asawa ng kapatid na lalaki 118

Away Alitan 119

CHAPTER XXXII

Bahay Tirahan 122

Sabaw pinakuluang putaheng may likido 123

Bao matigas na balot ng niyog 123

Mata organo sa pagtingin 125

CHAPTER XXXIII

Bahay Tirahan 127

CHAPTER XXXIV

Mata organo sa pagtingin 129,

Page | 45
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

132,
133, 134

Bahay Tirahan 129,

130,
131, 136

Kaaway Kaalitan 129

Humuni insekto na gumawa ng ingay 133

CHAPTER XXXV

Haba sukat sa pagitan ng magkabilang 137, 138

dulo

Dagat malawak na tubig alat 138

Bato matigas na substance na binubuo ng 138

mineral

Nakangisi Nakangiti 138

Tamad walang ganang kumilos 140

CHAPTER XXXVI

Daan Kalsada 141

Mata organo sa pagtingin 144

CHAPTER XXXVII

sinasakyan Nilululanan 148

CHAPTER XXXVIII

Mata organo sa pagtingin 155

Mahaba malawak na pagitan ng magkabilang 156

dulo

CHAPTER XXXIX

Dagat malawak na tubig alat 157, 159

Humuni Tumunog 157

Page | 46
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Bahay Tirahan 157

CHAPTER XL

Mahaba malawak na pagitan ng magkabilang 159

dulo

Bato matigas na substance na binubuo ng 159

mineral

Humuni insekto na lumikha ng ingay 160

Malasahan matukoy kung masarap o hindi ang 160

pagkain

CHAPTER XXXII

Bahay Tirahan 122

Sabaw pinakuluang putaheng may likido 123

Bao matigas na balot ng niyog 123

Mata organo sa pagtingin 125

EPILOGUE

Nakasaksi nakakita sa pangyayari 162

Bangkay katawan ng patay na tao 162

Daan Kalsada 162

Buntot huling bahagi ng kwentuhan 163

Away Alitan 164

Tunog anumang maririnig, dulot ng 165

pagpukaw ng mga ugat sa pandinig sa
pamamagitan ng vibration na dala ng
hangin

Humuhuni insektong gumagawa ng ingay 165

Page | 47
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

As reflected on the table Akeanon words were used in

almost all the chapters of the novel, except for one.

TABLE 3: COMPARISON OF MEANING

This table shows whether the original meaning of the

Akeanon words used in the novel “Mga Prodigal” by Luna Sicat
Cleto maintained their meaning or were given a new meaning.

Original definition Original Definition

Akeanon Word is the same with its is different with its
meaning in context meaning in context

CHAPTER I

Pagsakay 
CHAPTER II

Busog 
Dumagsa 
Daan 
Bayaw 
Bahay 
Mata 
nakasakay 
Habagat 
CHAPTER III

makipagdagitan 
Mata 
Dinagsa 
CHAPTER IV

Bahay 

Page | 48
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Basag 
ipinasunog 
CHAPTER V

Bahay 
Mata 
Hita 
Nakamata 
CHAPTER VI

Bahay 
Sunog 
nasusunog 
Hita 
CHAPTER VII

Bangkay 
Sasakay 
Humuni 
kasasakay 
Buntot 
Bahay 
CHAPTER VIII

mangitlog 
Bahay 
Mata 
nasaksihan 
Aawayin 
Daan 

Page | 49
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Kabuntot 
Sunog 
pag-aaway 
Hita 
CHAPTER IX

naghahari 
nag-ihaw 
nakasakay 
dagat-dagatan 
CHAPTER X

Huni 
sapin-sapin 
pinakatamad 
Bahay 
Nangisi 
CHAPTER XI

Bahay 
Pagsakay 
CHAPTER XII

Bato 
Basa 
Bahay 
Daan 
CHAPTER XIII

Bahay 
mag-aaway 

Page | 50
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Bato 
Tamad 
Dagat 
Buntot 
CHAPTER XIV

Lasa 
Ngumisi 
CHAPTER XV

Binabasa 
CHAPTER XVI

Mata 
Ikaw 
CHAPTER XVII

Mata 
CHAPTER XVIII

Bahay 
Bato 
CHAPTER XIX

Bahay 
CHAPTER XX

Kamatis 
CHAPTER XXI

Humuni 
Nasunog 
CHAPTER XXII

Mata 

Page | 51
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Bahay 
Hari 
Saksi 
CHAPTER XXIII

Sinakyan 
Hita 
Daan 
Mata 
CHAPTER XXIV

Bahay 
Iihawin 
CHAPTER XXV

Bahay 
Bato 
Mata 
CHAPTER XXVI

Sunog 
Sinigang 
Sago 
Saksi 
Mata 
Tunog 
Bahay 
CHAPTER XXVII

Tunog 
Dagat 

Page | 52
 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Humuni 
Hipag 
CHAPTER XXVIII

Bahay 
Duyan 
Bangkay 
CHAPTER XXIX

Bahay 
Bangkay 
Mata 
Busog 
Sinigang 
Sabaw 
Binagyo 
Hamog 
Tunog 
CHAPTER XXX

None

CHAPTER XXXI

Bahay 
Mata 
Bayaw 
Hipag 
Away 
CHAPTER XXXII

Bahay 

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Sabaw 
Bao 
Mata 
CHAPTER XXXIII

Bahay 
CHAPTER XXXIV

Mata 
Bahay 
Kaaway 
Humuni 
CHAPTER XXXV

Haba 
Dagat 
Bato 
nakangisi 
Tamad 
CHAPTER XXXVI

Daan 
Mata 
CHAPTER XXXVII

sinasakyan 
CHAPTER XXXVIII

Mata 
Mahaba 
CHAPTER XXXIX

Dagat 

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Humuni 
Bahay 
CHAPTER XL

Mahaba 
Bato 
Humuni 
malasahan 
CHAPTER XXXII

Bahay 
Sabaw 
Bao 
Mata 
EPILOGUE

nakasaksi 
Bangkay 
Daan 
Buntot 
Away 
Tunog 
Humuhuni 

As reflected on the table, most of the words maintained

their orginal meaning even when these words were used in a
Filipino novel with the exception of few instances.

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FNDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary and Findings

Knowing that there are Akeanon words in the Filipino

language shows that our language is being given importance
as other languages in the Philippines are. Although most of
these words are not used in the novel, “Mga Prodigal” by
Luna Sicat Cleto, there are words that were used for
numerous times and the original definitions of these Akeanon
words were maintained except for a few. Some knowledge that
were worth taking note of are:

There are 208 Akeanon words in the Filipino language

Luna Sicat Cleto used Akeanon words 187 times in her

novel, “Mga Prodigal”

Almost all of the Akeanon words retained their meaning

except for a few: dagsa, daan, dagit, huni, buntot,
hari, ihaw and sunog.

Some Akeanon words were used as metaphors: “huni” which

refers to the noise or the act of making noise by
animals or insects is used to denote a noise made by
objects; “ihaw” which refers to grilling is used with
being interrogated as its meaning; and “buntot” which
refers to an animal’s tail is used to refer to the last
part of a conversation.

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Conclusions

Based on the findings of this analysis, the following

conclusions were arrived at:

1. There are 208 Akeanon words in the Filipino language;

2. Some of these Akeanon words were used 187 times in the

novel “Mga Prodigal” by Luna Sicat Cleto;

3. Most of the meanings of these Akeanon words were

maintained except for “daan” which had a totally
different meaning and “buntot”, “dagsa” and “ihaw”
which were used as metaphors, therefore, were given a
different meaning.

Recommendations

It will help the Akeanon language if more people would

learn about the inclusion of its words in the Filipino
language. I never knew that some of the words that are
commonly used by Filipino speakers are originally from the
Akeanon language such as “away”, “bagyo”, “baha”, “bahay”
and “bangkay”. Knowing such knowledge may give the Akeanon
people a sense of pride.

The knowledge of these words and their meaning will

help writers by giving them more options in creative writing
through the use of figures of speech that may be more
effective than the ones that they commonly use.

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

REFERENCES

BOOKS

Almario, Virgilio, ed. UP Diksyonaryong Filipino. Sentro ng

Wikang Filipino, University of the Philippines, Diliman.
2010

Cleto, Luna Sicat. Mga Prodigal. Pasig City, Philippines.

2010

INTERNET

Baldridge, Jason/ “Reconciling Linguistic Diversity: The

History and the Future of Language Policy in India”.
Ling.upenn.edu. August 1996.
<http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~jason2/papers/natlang.htm>

Belvez, Paz. “Varieties of Filipino”. National Commission

for Culture and the Arts. 2011. <
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-
n-a/article.php?igm=3&i=209>

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Kalibo, Aklan

Boeree, Dr. C. George. “The Origins of Language”.

Webspace.ship.edu.
2003.<http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/langorigins.html>

Egerer, Jeremy. “A National American Language”. American

Thinker. August 13, 2011.
<http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/08/a_national_american_
language.html>

Esdict.com. 2011. English Spanish Dictionary.

<http://esdict.com>

Lawless, Laura. “Vrais amis – French English Cognates.”

French Language.
<http://french.about.com/od/vocabulary/a/vraisamis.htm>

Molina, Ruben Moran. “Cognates by Nature.” Cognates

Linguistics. 2011.
<http://cognates.org.cognates_by_nature.html>

Rubrico, Jessie Grace. “The Metamorphosis of Filipino as

National Language”. Philippine Daily Inquirer Online
Edition. August 28, 2011.
<ttp://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/essays_on_philippine_lang
uages.htm>

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 Aklan Catholic College
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MA. ANGELICA MAGHINANG – DOMINGO

Poblacion, Tangalan, Aklan

[email protected]

(036)2652069 / 0939-5154027/ 0906-2060747

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

June 2011 to present: Editor-in-Chief, The Aklan Collegian

June 2010 to March 2011: Associate Editor, The Aklan

Collegian

June 2009 to March 2010: News Editor, The Aklan Collegian

June 2008 to March 2009: Literary Editor, The Aklan

Collegian

March 2008 to June 2010: Book keeper, Wassenaar Beach

Resort

April 2006 to July 2006: Secretary, Guerrero and Partners

July 2005 to February 2006:Typist/Encoder, Bustos-

Villafuerte and
Associates

June 2002 to November 2002:Office Personnel, Juferd General

Merchandise

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

AWARDS

2ND Place, Feature Writing (English), Philippine Information

Agency – College Press Conference and Awards 2011, November
25, 2011, Iloilo Grand Hotel, Iloilo City

2ND Place, Feature Writing (English), Philippine Information

Agency – College Press Conference and Awards 2010, November
26, 2010, Iloilo Grand Hotel, Iloilo City

2nd Place, Sports Writing (English), Philippine Information

Agency – College Press Conference and Awards 2010, November
26, 2010, Iloilo Grand Hotel, Iloilo City

Certificate of Appreciation for Organizers, 4th School Paper

Adviser Movement (SPAM). Inc. Convention, July 29, 2010,
Casa Pilar, Boat Station 3, Boracay Island, Malay, Aklan

4th Place, Sports Writing (Filipino), Philippine Information

Agency – College Press Conference and Awards 2009, Iloilo
Grand Hotel, Iloilo City

Merit Award, Aklan Catholic College National Service

Training Program (NSTP) - Civic Welfare Training Service
(CWTS) Component, March 14, 2009, Aklan Catholic College,
Kalibo, Aklan

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

1st Place, Poem Writing, Aklan Catholic College Supreme

Student Government – Children of Rizal’s One Hundred Years!
Surpassing the Past. Fulfilling the Future, December 4,
2008, St. Francis Hall, Aklan Catholic College, Kalibo,
Aklan

Semi-finalist, Open Poetry Contest, Poetry.com, July 10,

2001

SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED

College Press Conference and Awards, Philippine Information

Agency, November 25, 2011, Iloilo Grand Hotel, Iloilo City

Keeping the Tradition of Campus Journalism amidst the

Influential Electronic Media, School Paper Advisers Movement
(SPAM), Inc, August 3-5, 2011, University of Assumption, San
Fernando, Pampanga

College Press Conference and Awards, Philippine Information

Agency, November 26, 2010, Iloilo Grand Hotel, Iloilo City

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

Cool Media: Empowering Campus Journalists towards Public

Critical Involvement, School Paper Advisers Movement (SPAM),
Inc, July 30, 2010, Casa Pilar, Boat Station 3, Boracay
Island, Malay, Aklan

Cool Media: News Writing to Stimulate, Aklan Catholic

College’s Mass Communication and Campus Journalism Class,
February 7, 2010, La Carmela de Boracay, Boat Station 2,
Boracay Island, Malay, Aklan

2009 College Press Conference and Awards, Philippine

Information Agence, November 26, 2009, Iloilo Grand Hotel,
Iloilo City

Genetics, Aklan Catholic College, January 10, 2009, Aklan

Catholic College, Kalibo, Aklan

Computer Applications 1, June 17 – July 31, 2003,

Informatics Computer Institute, SM Fairview Center,
Fairview, Quezon City

Pista ng Agham Seminar, Philippine Science and Technology

Center (PSTC), October 3, 1998, PSTC, Grace Park, Caloocan
City

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 Aklan Catholic College
Kalibo, Aklan

EDUCATION

Aklan Catholic College, Bachelor of Secondary Education

Major in English, 2008 – Present

Informatics Computer Institute, Computer Studies, June 17 –

July 31, 2003

La Consolacion College – Caloocan, Bachelor of Elementary

Education with specialization in Values Education, June 1999
– April, 2000

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