Presented by:
Richard Crossley CSSW, WDS
Technical Director
Newton House, 17-19 Sovereign Way, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1RH
T: 01732 360095| E:
[email protected]| Certificate ISO 9001
W: www.newtonwaterproofing.co.uk Number: ISO 14001
12252 OHSAS 18001
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Newton Waterproofing Systems head office, Tonbridge
“To provide an overview on the types of systems
utilised to provide protection to
below ground structures from water from
the ground in the UK.”
The importance of BS 8102:2009 and how to
design waterproofing systems
Types of waterproofing systems used to
protect structures internally and externally
Different levels of waterproofing protection
in the UK explained
Failed basements – why failures happen and
how to deal with the problem using Cavity
Drain Membrane Systems
The importance of using a professional
waterproofing contractor (NSBC) for design
and installation who can offer a
guarantee for their work
Newton have extensive training facilities
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Three Defining Factors
When looking at waterproofing solutions
there are three defining factors:
Consideration to the
recommendations of BS 8102:2009
What form of structure you are
intending to use
What is the internal space going to
be used for
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BS 8102:2009
The Code of Practice for the Protection of Below Ground
Structures Against Water From the Ground
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Reference Material
BS 8102:2009: Code of Practice for the
protection of structures against water from
the ground
ICE: Reducing The Risk Of Leaking
Substructures (A Clients Guide)
CIRIA 139/140: Water Resisting
Basement Construction
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NHBC: Chapter 5.4 ‘Waterproofing of Basements and
other Below Ground Structures’
The National House Building Council (NHBC)
have clarified the recommendations of
BS 8102:2009 with the introduction of the new
Chapter 5.4 ‘Waterproofing of basements and
other below ground structures’.
The new Chapter introduces meaningful
benchmarks and supporting technical guidance
for a range of situations where the structure is
required to resist the ingress of water from the
ground and other sources, where ‘normal’
waterproofing arrangements are not considered
appropriate.
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Design Philosophy and Design Team
The Standard recognises that, for a below ground
project to be successful, strategies for dealing with
groundwater, soil gases and contaminants are
considered from the very earliest stages of the
design process
A “Waterproofing Specialist” should be included
as a part of the design team so that an
integrated waterproofing solution is created
All design decisions made by others that might
have an impact on the waterproofing design
should be brought to the attention of the
waterproofing/ specialist designer and installing
contractors. Final decisions and any
recommendations should be approved by the
designer.
If a Waterproofing Design Specialist is not involved in the design, the designer is culpable
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Design To Expect A High Water Table
A risk assessment should be carried out which considers the long term pressures, the effects of surface water infiltration and
the use of external drainage, cut-off walls and the local geology and topography both recent and historical.
In addition, consideration should be made for:
burst water mains and sewers, adjacent trees,
sulphates, radon, methane and other ground
gases and contaminates.
“Even when the site investigation indicates dry
conditions, the risk of some waterlogging in the
future should be assumed.”
“Even in a permeable subsoil, ground water
requires time to drain away and this can result in
limited pressure periodically coming to bear
against the structure.”
Waterproofing measures should be designed on the basis of water to the full height of the retained
ground at some point in the structure’s life.
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Protection against
water ingress by a
‘barrier membrane’
applied to the structure
Type A Protection
‘Structurally integral’
joint seals and
maintainable interjoint
protection against
water transmission
Type B Protection
An
An
Aninternally
internally
internally
maintainable
maintainable
maintainable‘drained
‘drained
‘drained
system’
system’
system’with
with
withdedicated
dedicated
dedicated
ground
ground
groundwater
water
water
discharge
discharge
dischargemanagement
management
management
Type
Type
TypeCCCProtection
Protection
Protection
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Type A (Barrier Protection)
Has no integral protection against water
penetration and relies totally on a waterproofing
membrane to keep water out.
Liquid Waterproofing Membranes
External Waterproofing and Drainage Membranes
Multilayer
systems
Can be one or
two part systems
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Type A
(Barrier/Tanked Protection)
Newton System 200
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Type B (Integral Protection)
Requires that the structure itself be constructed as
an integral water-resistant shell.
Waterbars, Waterstops and Waterplugs
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Type B
Waterbars provide Type B protection
One-part system
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Type B
(Structurally Integral Protection)
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Type C (Drained Cavity Protection)
Incorporating a drained cavity within the
structure.
Cavity Drain Waterproofing
Professionally installed internally after
construction of basement
Provides zones of depressurisation at
strategic points in the structure
The most effective and trouble free
standalone waterproofing system
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Type C
(Drained) Protection: Cavity Drain Waterproofing
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Combination Waterproofing Systems
BS 8102:2009 advises that a Combined Waterproofing
System be considered where:
A. The likelihood of leaking is high
B. The consequences of leakage is
unacceptable
C. Unacceptable water vapour transmission
could otherwise occur
Consideration should be given to the
type of combined protection i.e.
Type A and Type B
Type A and Type C or
Type B and Type C
A typical combination waterproofing design showing
Newton System 500 cavity drain system internally (Type C) and Newton
System 400 membrane externally (Type A)
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Outwing vs Weatherald
A very high profile case which has set a precedent in the
waterproofing industry. The end ruling of the case states that it is
not reasonable for a tanking system to be applied 100% defect
free.
This means that if you are using a system which has to be 100%
defect free as your only waterproofing system, and it fails, you
can be held responsible.
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Case Study: Tanking System Failure
Project Overview: £12m house in Fulham
Scenario Builder installed a cheap waterproofing
solution
Why It Went Wrong: Wrong product, installed in
the wrong place – on the inside rather than the
outside. Areas such as wall/floor junction ignored
Consequences of Failure: Burst water main led to
water pouring into the property. Tens of thousands
of pounds of damage
Could Have Been Avoided: If a Cavity Drain
Membrane System had been installed to manage
ingressing water
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Case Study: Type A ‘Sandwiched’ Design Failure
Project Overview: Existing Commercial Project
Scenario: A single Type A waterproofing system was installed here.
Why It Went Wrong: No consideration was given to the ‘form and
feasibility of remedial treatment’
Consequences of Failure: When the system failed, there was no way
to detect where the failure so there was a great deal of disruption
caused by trying to locate and fix the problem.
Could Have Been Avoided: Installation of a Cavity Drain System
would have included specially designed inspection ports to locate
any problems. In addition, the Cavity Drain System would have
depressurised the water meaning that water ingress would be
minimal, even if the system was damaged
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Case Study: Multiple System Failure
Project Overview: Large Scale Multi-Level New-
Build Basement, London
Scenario: The two forms of waterproofing system
used here were Type A ‘Barrier’ Protection and
Type B ‘Integral’ Protection
Why It Went Wrong: Failure of Type A system and
caused flooding, water level rose to 5 feet
internally!
Consequences of Failure: Very high cost of
remedial work, plus project delayed by many
months
Could Have Been Avoided: A Waterproofing
Specialist would have designed a Combination
Waterproofing System to negate any risk of water
ingress – probably a Type A, B and C System for a
project of this size
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Case Study: Standalone System
Project Overview: Existing Building, Basement Conversion
to Office Space
Scenario: Installation of a Type A System – consideration
has not been given to the type of structure to which it was
applied
Why It Went Wrong: Water pressure created tensile
bending stresses causing the internal floor slab to lift and
break
Consequences of Failure: Damage was extensive and
costly – both in the cost of remediation work and due to
the fact that the office needed to be out of service until it
was fixed.
Could Have Been Avoided: A Type C Drained Cavity
System should have been used to depressurise water, and a
supporting Type A system would have been recommended
to give even more robust protection.
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This flow chart from BS 8102:2009
outlines the principal factors and stages
that need to be addressed in order to
produce a robust waterproofing
solution for a below ground structure
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A Type C maintainable solution is ideal for new-build basements and refurbishment projects.
The System comprises four components: Cavity Drain Membranes, Drainage, Pumps and Control Systems.
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Type C cavity drain system internally, Type B waterbars to construction joints
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Type A bonded sheet membranes externally, Type C cavity drain system internally
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Type A bonded sheet membranes externally, Type B waterbars in the construction joints
Type C cavity drain system internally,
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Listed Building Requirements
Section 7 of the Planning (Listed Buildings
and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, states
that ‘no person shall execute or cause to be
executed any works for the demolition of a listed building or for
its alteration or extension in any manner which would affect its
character [emphasis added] as a building of special architectural
or historic interest, unless the works are authorised’.
The fundamental challenge when dealing with buildings of
special architectural or historic interest is therefore to maintain
structural and aesthetic integrity, whilst remaining sympathetic
in the product application and still achieving the desired effect.
Damp proofing and cavity drain membranes can be
sympathetically applied with little or no preparation at all and
depending on the chosen wall finish, often only require the very
minimum of strategically placed fixings to hold the membrane in
place. They could – if ever required – be removed at a later date
so the building could be restored to the original condition, which
also meets Listed Building recommendations for being a Damp proof membranes are installed throughout Windsor Castle
reversible solution.
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Case Study: The Royal Courts of Justice
This Grade I listed structure had a labyrinth of unused
basement areas. With space at a premium, a large part of the
brick basement area was converted into habitable space.
A full Type C Cavity Drain System was installed by a Specialist
Waterproofing Contractor. The System was quick to install and
sympathetic to the structure, making it the ideal
waterproofing solution.
The convoluted Victorian Bird Beak Arches were
sympathetically waterproofed whilst retaining the original
features of this historic property, thus meeting Listed Building
Requirements. The vaults are now fully refurbished and
provide a habitable area to Grade 3 of the environmental
table within BS 8102:2009
Following the success of this project, the Specialist
Waterproofing Contractor was commissioned to complete a
second area to the same specification, with plans to renovate
further areas of the immense below ground infrastructure in Type C cavity drain system installed internally
the future.
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Rapid Reoccupation Following Flooding
Lord Deben, Chairman of the Committee on Climate Change recently
stated: “climate change is expected to increase the frequency and
magnitude of severe flooding across the UK”
Defences that might historically have provided protection against a
1 in 100 year flood will, with climate change, provide a much lower
level of protection and be overtopped more frequently. The latest
projections suggest periods of intense rainfall could increase in
frequency by a factor of five this century as global temperatures rise.
A saturated wall can take up to a month per inch of its thickness to
dry out and even with dehumidifiers, heaters and air changing units
this process can still be painfully slow and inhibit any successful
reoccupation for a prolonged period of time.
The installation of cavity membranes can speed up the reoccupation
of flood affected buildings as they can be installed while the wall is
still damp. The membrane will form an impermeable barrier which
separates new finishes from the damp structure so the new wall Flood rescue by the British Army and the Mountain Rescue at Queens
finishes will not be affected by the salts and staining which could Staith Road near the Ouse Bridge in York City Centre after heavy rain,
occur during the drying process. on 27th December 2015
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Case Study: Designing A Flood Mitigation System
South Hinksey, Oxfordshire suffers from high flood risk. In 2007, a major
flood engulfed the village with devastating results.
A full Cavity Drain System was installed in five properties in the village.
Sump and pumps were installed to manage any ingression of water
through the building fabric and through the floor to the sump and pump
systems so problem water could be evacuated in the event of ingress.
With the major flood in Oxfordshire in November 2012 these systems
were tested to the extreme, with 500 to 800mm of water engulfing the
village completely. The Cavity Drain System protected all the properties it
was installed in, while houses all around were flooded and in some cases
families were evacuated from their homes.
“My friends and family were amazed how well the system did exactly what
it was supposed to. Following the event, I have not had to claim on my
insurance, I have not had to clean up or had any stress put on me, as my
home was saved. My neighbours whom had not installed the flood
protection were devastated at the amount it is going to cost them to
repair the damage caused by the flooding, the stress it caused and is
Ingressing water is expelled using a sump and pump
causing and the sheer turmoil it leaves behind” – Detective Sgt Maria
system - and the homeowner could stay in his property
Banks, Local CID, Oxford Police Station.
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Newton Specialist Basement Contractors (NSBC)
are an elite group of professional structural
waterproofing contractors who work in
partnership with Newton Waterproofing Systems
to provide the specifier and their clients with the
highest quality products, design and installation
available in all aspects of domestic and
commercial basement waterproofing
NSBC contractors can offer peace of mind to the
designer and the client by taking full design
liability on the project, and can fulfil the role of
‘waterproofing design specialist’ as recommended
by BS 8102:2009
All members of the scheme adhere to very strict
membership criteria. NSBCs are required to
demonstrate the ability to deliver quality design
and workmanship, resulting in a meaningful
scheme where all members provide a level of
superior technical excellence unsurpassed within
the industry
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At Newton Waterproofing Systems we take our
responsibility to protect and preserve the
environment very seriously and are committed to
the prevention of pollution. Therefore we strive to
use the most environmentally friendly materials and
processes in all of our activities.
We are committed to being compliant with all
environmental legal requirements, any other
requirements to which we subscribe, to using all our
resources wisely and to disposing of waste
responsibly.
Planning and control of our processes is
documented in our quality and environmental
management system in line with ISO 9001:2008
(Quality) and ISO 14001:2004 (Environmental)
Standards.
Newton Waterproofing Systems are the first
construction industry supplier to gain full
membership into RECOUP, the UK’s leading
authority on plastics waste and resource
management.
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In-house CAD design service
3D sections and details available
BIM objects for insertion into your project
NBS Create and NBS Building used
in-house to produce bespoke specifications
tailored to your project
Newton Waterproofing APP features all our
product datasheets, case studies and
technical drawings
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Newton House, 17-19 Sovereign Way, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1RH
T: 01732 360095| E:
[email protected]| Certificate ISO 9001
W: www.newtonwaterproofing.co.uk Number: ISO 14001
12252 OHSAS 18001
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