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Experiment # 4 Objectives:: Fig 4.1 (Rectangular Bar)

This experiment aims to measure the shear stress, shear strain, and modulus of rigidity of rubber using a rectangular bar apparatus. Shear stress is calculated by dividing the applied load by the cross-sectional area. Shear strain is the ratio of displacement to the transverse dimension. Modulus of rigidity is calculated as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain. The experiment involves applying increasing loads to a rubber specimen and measuring the corresponding displacements using a dial gauge to calculate shear stress, shear strain, and modulus of rigidity. A graph of shear stress versus shear strain is plotted from the experimental data.

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34 views4 pages

Experiment # 4 Objectives:: Fig 4.1 (Rectangular Bar)

This experiment aims to measure the shear stress, shear strain, and modulus of rigidity of rubber using a rectangular bar apparatus. Shear stress is calculated by dividing the applied load by the cross-sectional area. Shear strain is the ratio of displacement to the transverse dimension. Modulus of rigidity is calculated as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain. The experiment involves applying increasing loads to a rubber specimen and measuring the corresponding displacements using a dial gauge to calculate shear stress, shear strain, and modulus of rigidity. A graph of shear stress versus shear strain is plotted from the experimental data.

Uploaded by

waseemjutt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment # 4

Objectives:
To measure shear stress, shear strain and modulus of rigidity of rubber by using: Rectangular Bar
apparatus.

Apparatus:
Rectangular Bar

Fig 4.1 (Rectangular Bar)

Theory:
Shear Stress:
Shear Stress (t) is a measure of the force of friction from a fluid acting on a body in the path of
that fluid. In the case of open channel flow, it is the force of moving water against the bed of the
channel. Shear stress is calculated as:
The units of shear stress are like the units of any other type of stress. The unit for shear stress is
the unit of load (or weight) divide by the unit of area N/m2.

Shear strain:
Shear strain is when the deforming forces produce change in shape of the body. It can also be
defined as the ratio of displacement x of corner b to the transverse dimension l. Thus

Modulus of Rigidity:
The ratio of shear stress to the displacement per unit sample length (shear strain).

G = τ/γ
G = E/(2(1+v))
Here τ is shear stress, γ is shear strain in radians, G is modulus of rigidity, E is elastic modulus and
v is Poisson’s ratio.
Shear modulus of steel, aluminum, iron, copper, titanium, brass, bronze, etc. are given in the
following table in GPA and psi.

Procedure:
 Adjust the dial gauge to zero reading.
 Put a weight, starting from 1 N to 15 N, in 1 N increments.
 After each 1 N gain, write down the reading of the dial gauge (which represent the
deformation of the rubber block), until the travel of the gauge is exceeded.
 Record the reading in table.
 Plot the result and calculate the modulus of rigidity, G.
Calculation:
Sr# Load(N) Displacement(mm) Shear Shear Modulus of
Stress(Pa) Strain(Rad) Rigidity(Pa)
1 1 0.011 261.4379085 0.000150685

2 3 0.042 784.3137255 0.000575342

3 4 0.062 1045.751634 0.000849315

4 6 0.105 1568.627451 0.0001438355

Graph:

Fig 4.2 (Shear Stress vs Shear Strain)


Precautions:
 The specimen should be prepared in proper dimensions.
 The specimen should be properly to get between the jaws.
 Take reading carefully.
 After breaking specimen stop to m/c.
Comments:
 After perform experiment we are able to calculate shear strain and modulus of rigidity of
rubber using Rectangular Bar apparatus.
 Zero error: If the dial gauge’s reading isn’t zero at zero load.
 Human error: if the experimenter red the dial gauge and calculate incorrectly.

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