DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

1) At 5:00 am, boat Q left the port at the direction N 45° E at 26 knots. At 5:30 am,
boat R left the same port in the direction S 30° E at 32 knots. How fast are the two boats
separating at 6:00 AM. Express your answer in knots.

2) A load of 40kN to be raised by means of a lever weighing 250N/m, which is

supported at one end. If the load is placed 1 m from the support, how long should the
lever be so that the forced required be a minimum?

3) Two cities A and B are 8 km and 12 km, respectively, north of a river which runs
due east. City B being 15 km east of a. A pumping station is to be constructed (along east
of the river) to supply water for the two cities. Where should the station be located so
that the amount of pipe is a minimum?

4) A corner lot, triangular in shape, has perpendicular side measuring 120m and
160m, respectively. It is required to construct the largest perpendicular building with
sides parallel to the street.
a. What is the largest area of the building?
b. What is the perimeter that encloses the building?
c. What is cost of a three-storey building that can be constructed if it cost
P5,000 per square meter of floor area?

5) A light at eye level stands 20 ft. from a house and 15ft. from the path leading from
the house to the street. A man walks along the path 6 ft. per second. How fast does his
shadow move along the wall when he is 5ft. from the house?

6) Car A moves due East at 30 kph at the same instant car B is moving S 30° E, with
the speed of 60 kph. The distance from A to B is 30 km. Find how fast is the distance
between them spreading after one hour.

7) A boatman is at A which is 4 5 km from the nearest point B on a straight shore BM.

He wishes to reach in minimum time a point C situated on the shore 9 km from B. How
far from C should he land if he can row at the rate of 6 kph and can walk at the rate of 7
5 kph?
8) Water is running into a hemispherical bowl having a radius of 10 cm at a constant
rate of 3 cm/min. When the water is x cm deep, the water level is rising at the rate of
0.0149 cm/min. What is the value of x?
 9) A 3-meter long steel pipe has its upper and leaning against a vertical wall and
lower end on a level ground. The lower end moves away at a constant rate of 2cm/s. how
fast is the pipe rotating in rad/sec?
10) A launch whose deck is 7m. below the level of a wharf is being pilled toward the
wharf be a roped attached to a ring on the deck. If a winch pulls in the rope at the rate of
15m/min., how fast is the launch moving through the water when there is a25 m. rope
out?
SOLUTIONS TO DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS:

1)
Let t be any time after 5:00 am
Time of travel of boat Q = t
Time of travel of boat R = t – 0.5

𝑠 2 = (26𝑡)2 + [32(𝑡 − 0.5)]2 − 2(26)[32𝑡 − 0.5]𝐶𝑜𝑠 105°

Q
𝑠 2 = 676𝑡 2 + 1024𝑡 2 − 1024𝑡 + 256 + 430.67𝑡 2 − 215.34𝑡
𝑠 2 = 2130.76𝑡 2 − 1239.34𝑡 + 256

𝑠 = √2130.76𝑡 2 − 1239.34𝑡 + 256

t
𝑑𝑆 4261.34𝑡 − 1239.34 26
=
𝑑𝑡 2√2130.76𝑡 2 − 1239.34𝑡 + 256
45°
S
Port,P 105°

At 6am, t = 1 30°

𝑑𝑆 4261.34(1) − 1239.34

32
= = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟎𝟗𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒔

(t
𝑑𝑡 2√2130.76(1)2 − 1239.34(1) + 256

-0
.5
)
R
2)
∑ 𝑀𝑜 = 0
𝐿
𝐹(𝐿) = 40000(1) + 250𝐿 ( )
2 w = 250L
4000
𝐹= + 125𝐿
𝐿
To minimize the value of F,
differentiate F with respect L/2 L/2 o
to L and equal to zero. cg 1m
𝑑𝐹 40000
=− =0
𝑑𝐿 𝐿2 125
125𝐿2 = 40000; 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟗𝒎 f
40,000N
3) B

𝑑𝐿 2𝑧 2(15 − 𝑧)(−1)
= + =0
𝑑𝑧 2√64 + 𝑧 2 2√144 + (15 − 𝑧 2 )
𝑧 (15−𝑧) A Y

√64+𝑧 2
= eq.1 12
√144+(15−𝑧)2
X
8

Square both sides of equation 1. Z 15 - Z

𝑧 225 − 30𝑧 + 𝑧 2
=
√64 + 𝑧 2 144 + 225 − 30𝑧 + 𝑧 2
15

Pumping Station

𝑧 2 (𝑧 2 − 30𝑧 + 369) = 𝑧 4 − 30𝑧 3 + 289𝑧 2 − 1920𝑧 + 14400

𝑧 4 − 30𝑧 3 + 369𝑧 2 = 𝑧 4 − 30𝑧 3 + 289𝑧 2 − 1920𝑧 + 14400
80𝑧 2 + 1920𝑧 − 14400 = 0

Using shift solve

Z = 6km

4)

𝑦 120 3
b = 120

= 𝑜𝑟
𝑐 160 4
4
𝑐= 𝑦
3 BUILDING x
𝑥 = 160 − 𝑐
4
𝑥 = 160 − 𝑦 y c O
3
𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 a = 160
4 4
𝐴 = (160 − 𝑦) 𝑦 = 160𝑦 − 𝑦 2
3 3
𝑑𝐴 8
= 160 − 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 3
𝒚 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎
**note: for this condition, 𝑥 = 1⁄2 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 1⁄2 𝑏**

A = largest area = 𝟖𝟎(𝟔𝟎) = 𝟒, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒎𝟐

B = Perimeter = 𝟐(𝟔𝟎 + 𝟖𝟎) = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝒎
C = Cost = (𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟑)(𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 𝑷𝟕𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
5)

From the figure:

𝑥𝑦 = 20𝑥 + 15
20𝑥 = 𝑥𝑦 + 15𝑦
(20 − 𝑦)𝑥 = 15𝑦
𝑥 = 15𝑦(20 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= (20 − 𝑦)2 (20 − 𝑦)15 𝑑𝑡 − 15𝑦 − 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= (20 − 𝑦)2 15(20 − 𝑦) + 15𝑦
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 300(20 − 𝑦)2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
When y = 5 ft.
𝑑𝑦
= 300(20 − 5)2 (6)
𝑑𝑡
𝒅𝒚 𝒇𝒕
= 𝟖 ⁄𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒅𝒕

6)
By cosine law:
𝑆 2 = (30𝑡)2 + (60𝑡 − 30)2 − 2(30𝑡)(60𝑡 − 30)𝑐𝑜𝑠60°
𝑆 2 = 900𝑡 2 + (60𝑡 − 30)2 − 30𝑡(60𝑡 − 30)
𝑑𝑠
2𝑆 = 1800𝑡 + 2(60𝑡 − 30)(60) − [30𝑡(60) + (60𝑡 − 30)(30)]
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠 1800𝑡 + 2(60𝑡 − 30)(60) − 1800𝑡 − 30(60𝑡 − 30) B
=
𝑑𝑡 2𝑆 30
𝑑𝑠 120(60𝑡−30)−30(60𝑡−30) A 30t
= EQ. 1 60 60°
A'
𝑑𝑡 2𝑆
60 t-
30 S
t
When t = 1 hour B'

𝑆 2 = (30)(1)2 + (60(1) − 30)2 − 2(30(1))(60(1) − 30)

𝑆 2 =900
𝑺 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝒎.

Substitute S = 30 km and t = 1 in EQ.1

𝑑𝑠 120(60)(1) − 30) − 30(60)(1) − 30)
= = 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝒑𝒉.
𝑑𝑡 2(30)

7)
Let T = Total time needed
T = time to now + time to work
𝑑 𝑥
𝑇= +
6 7.5
√4.52 + (9 − 𝑥)2 𝑥
𝑇= +
6 7.5
𝑑𝑢
𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑑(√𝑢) =
2√𝑢
Differentiate:
𝑑𝑡 1 2(9 − 𝑥)(−1) 1
=( ) +
𝑑𝑥 6 2√4.52 + (9 − 𝑥)2 7.5

−(9 − 𝑥) 1
+ =0
6√4.52 + (9 − 𝑥)2 7.5

9−𝑥 6
+
√4.52 + (9 − 𝑥)2 7.5

7.5
√4.52 + (9 − 𝑥)2 = (9 − 𝑥)
6
√4.52 + (9 − 𝑥)2 = 1.25(9 − 𝑥)

(1.25)2 (9 − 𝑥)2 = 4.52 + (9 − 𝑥)2

0.5625(9 − 𝑥)2 = 20.25
(9 − 𝑥)2 = 36
9−𝑥 =6
𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒌𝒎.
8)
𝜋𝑥 2
𝑉= (3𝑟 − 𝑥)
3

𝜋𝑥 2
𝑉= (3(10) − 𝑥)
3
𝜋𝑥 2 2
𝑉 = 10𝜋𝑥 −
3
Differentiate both sides with respect to t:
𝑑𝑣 3𝜋𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
= (20𝜋𝑥 − )
𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
= (20𝜋𝑥 − 3𝜋𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑡 Eq. 1
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
Substitute 𝑑𝑡 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 0.0149 𝑖𝑛.
𝑑𝑡

3 = (20𝜋 − 𝜋𝑥 2 )(0.0149)
201.342 = 20𝜋𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥 2
64 = 20𝜋𝑥 − 𝜋𝑥 2
𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 64 = 0
(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 16) = 0
𝒙 = 𝟒 𝒄𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒄𝒎

9)
Given : L = 3 m.
𝑑𝑥
= 2 𝑐𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑑𝑡

𝑑∅
Find , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2 𝑚.
𝑑𝑡
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 2 𝑚. , ∅ = 48.19°
𝑥
𝐶𝑜𝑠∅ =
𝐿
 𝑑∅ 1 𝑑𝑥
−𝑆𝑖𝑛 ∅ =
𝑑𝑡 300 𝑑𝑡
𝑑∅ 1
−𝑆𝑖𝑛 48.19° = (2)
𝑑𝑡 300
𝒅∅
= −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟗𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅⁄𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒅𝒕

10)

𝑠 2 = 49 + 𝑥 2

𝑠 = √𝑥 2 + 49
When S = 25
252 = 49 + 𝑥 2
𝑥 = 24 𝑚.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑠 2𝑥
= 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2√𝑥 + 49
2

𝑑𝑥
2𝑥
−15 = 𝑑𝑡
2√(24)2 + 49
𝒅𝒙
= −𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏.
𝒅𝒕