CURRICULUM VITAE

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Basic Information: ......................................................................................... 1
Academics: ................................................................................................... 2
Professional Positions: ................................................................................... 3
Honors And Awards: ..................................................................................... 4
Professional Recognitions:............................................................................. 5
Boards: ......................................................................................................... 5
Editorial Roles:.............................................................................................. 5
U.S. Patents: .................................................................................................. 6
International Patents: (Partial) ..................................................................... 32
Books:......................................................................................................... 41
Book Chapters: ........................................................................................... 42
Abstracts, Presentations, And Nonindexed Letters: ...................................... 46
Papers And Medline Indexed Letters: .......................................................... 75

BASIC INFORMATION:

NAME: Mark W. Kroll, PhD, FACC, FHRS, FIEEE, FAIMBE

OFFICE: Box 23
Crystal Bay, MN 55323 USA

VOICE: +1-805-428-1838

E-MAIL: [email protected]

CITIZENSHIP: United States

MARITAL STATUS: Married, 4 children

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 1

LANGUAGES: Spanish (Good)
German (Usable)
French (Reading Only)

ACADEMICS:

ACADEMIC DEGREES:
1975 B. Mathematics.
1983 M.S.
1987 Ph.D.
1990 M.B.A.

EDUCATION:
1967-1970 Minnetonka High School
Minnetonka, Minnesota

Summer 1969 Michigan State University

(National Science Foundation High School Honors Summer
Program) East Lansing, Michigan

1970-1975 University of Minnesota

Institute of Technology
Minneapolis, Minnesota

1975-1979 University of Minnesota Graduate School

1988-1990 University of St. Thomas

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 2

ACADEMIC AFFILIATIONS:

2006-Present Adjunct Full Professor, Biomedical Engineering

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

2003-Present Adjunct Full Professor, Biomedical Engineering

California Polytechnic State University, San Luis
Obispo. (There was a 2-year hiatus from 2010 to Feb
2012)

2002-2016 Faculty for Creativity and Innovation Program

UCLA

PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS:

Research Aide (1970-1972)

Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota

Teaching Assistant and Graduate Instructor (1973-1978)

Economics, Mathematics & Electrical Engineering Departments
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Vice President, Research & Development (1978-1985)

Intercomp Company, Plymouth, Minnesota

Vice President, Research & Development (1985-1991)

Cherne Medical, Inc., Edina, Minnesota

Vice President, Research (1991-1995)

Angeion Corp., Plymouth, Minnesota

Vice President, Tachycardia Business Unit (1995-1997)

St. Jude Medical, Inc., Los Angeles, California

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 3

Vice President, Research and Development for Daig subsidiary (1997-1999)
St. Jude Medical, Inc. Cardiac Rhythm Management Division

Senior Vice President, Technology and Design (1999-2000)

St. Jude Medical, Inc. Cardiac Rhythm Management Division

Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer (2001-August 2005) St. Jude
Medical, Inc. Cardiac Rhythm Management Division

Principal, Mark Kroll & Associates, LLC (March 2006 to present)

HONORS AND AWARDS:

1969 National Science Foundation High School Honors Program

1970 Putnam Varsity Team (Intercollegiate Mathematics Competition)
when Freshman
1971 Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship
1971 Ellerbe Scholastic Award for Institute of Technology
1992 Who’s Who in Science and Engineering
1993 Who’s Who in the Midwest
1996 Who’s Who in the West
1998 Prolific Inventor, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
1997 Who’s Who in Medicine and Healthcare
2010 Career Achievement Award by Engineering in Medicine and Bi
ology Society
2012 Outstanding Achievement Award: Distinguished Graduate, Uni
versity of Minnesota.
2016 Mark Kroll Medical Innovation Day proclamation by Minnesota
Governor.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 4

PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITIONS:

American College of Cardiology — Fellow

Heart Rhythm Society — Fellow
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society—Fellow
American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering — Fellow

BOARDS:

Haemonetics (NYSE:HAE)
Axon Enterprises (NASD:AAXN)
Prostacare (private)
Recombinetics (private)

EDITORIAL ROLES:

Europace: Regular Reviewer

EMBS Conference: Regular Reviewer
Heart Rhythm Journal: Ad Hoc Reviewer
J of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology: Ad Hoc Reviewer
IEEE Trans on Biomedical Engineering: Ad Hoc Reviewer
Journal American College of Cardiology: Ad Hoc Reviewer
Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology: Regular Reviewer
J Occupational & Environmental Medicine: Ad Hoc Reviewer
Journal of Medical Science: Ad Hoc Reviewer
IEEE Trans Biomedical Circuits & Systems: Ad Hoc Reviewer
J of Interventional Cardiac Electrophys: Regular Reviewer

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 5

U.S. PATENTS:

4,672,976 Heart Sound Sensor

4,672,977 Lung Sound Cancellation Method and Apparatus

4,714,121 Wheel Scale Assembly

4,744,369 Medical Current Limiting Circuit

4,763,660 Flexible and Disposable Electrode Belt Device

4,769,760 Terrain Biased Dynamic Multiple Threshold Syn-

chronization Method and Apparatus

4,775,018 Load Cell Assembly

4,811,156 Medical Current Limiter

4,832,608 Electrode Belt Adapter

4,879,760 Optical Fiber Transmissive Signal Modulation Sys-

tem

4,890,630 Bio-Electric Noise Cancellation System

4,947,859 Bio-Acoustic Sound Sensor

4,956,877 Optical Fiber Reflective Signal Modulation System

5,117,834 Method and Apparatus for Non-invasively Determin-

ing a Patient's Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhyth-
mias

5,188,116 Electrocardiographic Method and Device

5,199,429 Implantable Defibrillator System with Switched Ca-

pacitors

5,241,960 Small Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator System

5,257,634 Low Impedance Defibrillation Catheter

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 6

5,258,906 Medical Metering and Invoicing Method

5,265,623 Optimized Field Defibrillation Catheter

5,300,110 Dirk Based Defibrillation Electrode

5,306,291 Optimal Energy Steering

5,312,443 Arrhythmia Detection Criteria Process

5,314,448 Pulse Pre-Treatment Method of Defibrillation

5,325,870 Multiplexed Defibrillation Electrode Apparatus Sys-

tem

5,330,509 Far-Field Anti-Tachycardia Termination

5,334,219 Separated Capacitor Cardioversion

5,336,245 Electrogram Interrogation Apparatus Storage

5,342,399 Process for Defibrillation with Small Capacitor

5,351,687 Method and Apparatus for Non-invasively Determin-

ing a Patient's Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhyth-
mias

5,366,484 Narrow Pulse Cardioversion

5,366,485 Pulse Pretreatment Device

5,366,487 Pulse Correlation Detection Method

5,376,103 Improved Electrode System

5,383,907 System and Method for Delivering Multiple Closely

Spaced Defibrillation Pulses

5,391,185 Atrial Cardioverter with Ventricular Protection

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 7

5,391,186 Method and Apparatus for Utilizing Short TAU Ca-
pacitors in an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

5,405,363 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Smaller Displacement Volume

5,407,444 Cardioversion Method

5,411,526 True Voltage Pulse Defibrillation

5,413,591 Current Truncated Waveform Defibrillator

5,431,686 Optimal Pulse Duration

5,431,687 Impedance Timed Defibrillation System

5,439,482 Prophylactic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

5,441,518 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator System Hav-

ing Independently Controllable Electrode Dis-
charge Pathway

5,447,521 Safety System for an Implantable Defibrillator

5,449,377 Overcharged Final Countershock for an Implantable

Cardioverter Defibrillator and Method

5,454,839 Low Profile Defibrillation Catheter

5,458,620 Interdependent Detection Parameter Method of Di-

agnosing Fibrillation

5,507,781 Implantable Defibrillator System with Capacitor

Switching Circuitry

5,514,160 Implantable Defibrillator for Producing a Rectangu-

lar-Shaped Defibrillation Waveform

5,522,853 Method and Apparatus for Progressive Recruitment

of Cardiac Fibrillation

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 8

5,527,346 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Employing
Polymer Thin Film Capacitors

5,531,764 Implantable Defibrillator System and Method Having

Successive Changeable Defibrillation Waveforms

5,531,766 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Pulse Gener-

ator Kite-Tail Electrode System

5,531,770 Implantable Defibrillator for Producing a Rectangu-

lar – Shaped Defibrillation Waveform

5,531,782 Implantable Medical Electrode with Reduced Num-

ber of Conductors

5,534,015 Method and Apparatus for Generating Biphasic

Waveforms in an Implantable Defibrillator

5,540,721 Process and Apparatus for Defibrillation with a Small

Capacitor

5,549,643 Optimal Pulse Defibrillator

5,549,933 Process for Painting Snow; Powder; Nontoxic

5,584,866 Method and Apparatus for Temporarily Electrically

Forcing Tachyarrhythmia Patient

5,591,209 Implantable Defibrillator System for Generating an

Active Biphasic Waveform

5,591,210 Implantable Defibrillation System and Method for

Producing Only Short Pulses

5,607,460 Physician Interface Export System for Programming

Implantable Treatment Devices

5,620,464 System and Method for Delivering Multiple Closely

Spaced Defibrillation Pulses

5,620,469 Stepped Cardioversion System for an Implantable

Cardioverter Defibrillator

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 9

5,643,323 System and Method Inducing Fibrillation Using an
Implantable Defibrillator

5,645,572 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator with Slew

Rate Limiting

5,645,573 Optimal Pulse Defibrillator

5,649,974 Low Profile Defibrillation Catheter

5,658,319 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

High Voltage Capacitor

5,662,534 Golf Ball Finding System

5,662,696 One Piece Disposable Threshold Test Can Electrode

for Use with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrilla-
tor System

5,674,248 Staged Energy Concentration for an Implantable Bi-

omedical Device

5,690,685 Automatic Battery-Maintaining Implantable Cardio-

verter Defibrillator and Method for Use

5,697,953 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Smaller Displacement Volume

5,709,709 ICD with Rate-Responsive Pacing

5,713,944 Cardioversion-Defibrillation Catheter Lead Having

Selectively Exposable Outer Conductors

5,718,718 Method and Apparatus for Polarity Reversal of Con-

secutive Defibrillation Countershocks Having Back
Biasing Precharge Pulses

5,733,309 Method and Apparatus for Capacitive Switching Out-

put for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 10

5,735,876 Electrical Cardiac Output Forcing Method and Appa-
ratus for an Atrial Defibrillator

5,735,878 Implantable Defibrillator Having Multiple Pathways

5,738,105 Method and Apparatus for Sensing R-Waves Using

Both Near Field and Far Field Sensing Simultane-
ously

5,741,303 Electrode Back-Charging Pre-Treatment System for

an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

5,741,307 Method for Determining an ICD Replacement Time

5,749,910 Shield for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

5,761,019 Medical Current Limiter

5,772,689 Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator with Apical

Shock Delivery

5,772,690 System Having a Surrogate Defibrillation Electrode

for Testing Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
During Implant

5,782,883 Suboptimal Output Device to Manage Cardiac Tach-

yarrhythmias

5,814,075 Method and Apparatus for Optimizing Source Alloca-

tion Within an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrilla-
tor

5,827,326 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Smaller Energy Storage Capacity

5,830,236 System for Delivering Low Pain Therapeutic Electri-

cal Waveforms to the Heart

5,833,712 Implantable Defibrillator System for Generating a Bi-

phasic Waveform

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 11

5,836,973 Staged Energy Concentration for an Implantable Bi-
omedical Device

5,861,006 System for Selectively Reforming an ICD

5,871,505 Apparatus for Generating Biphasic Waveforms in an

Implantable Defibrillator

5,871,510 Method and Apparatus for Temporarily Electrically

Forcing Cardiac Output as a Backup for Tachycardia
Patients

5,899,923 Automatic Capacitor Maintenance System for an Im-

plantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

5,904,705 Automatic Battery-Maintaining Implantable Cardio-

verter Defibrillator and Method for Use

5,906,633 System for Delivering Low Pain Therapeutic Electri-

cal Waveforms to the Heart

5,913,877 Implantable Defibrillator System for Generating a Bi-

phasic Waveform with Enhanced Phase Transition

5,925,068 Method for Determining an ICD Replacement Time

5,925,066 Atrial Arrhythmia Sensor with Drug and Electrical

Therapy Control Apparatus

5,944,746 ICD with Continuous Regular Testing of Defibrilla-

tion Lead Status

5,957,956 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Smaller Mass

5,978,703 Method and Apparatus for Temporarily Electrically

Forcing Cardiac Output in a Tachyarrhythmia Patient

5,988,161 Altitude Adjustment Method and Apparatus

6,007,395 Sun Tanning Life Vest

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 12

6,041,255 Disposable External Defibrillator

6,062,474 ATM Signature Security System

6,093,982 High Voltage Output Array Switching System

6,101,414 Method and Apparatus for Antitachycardia Pacing

with an Optimal Coupling Interval

6,112,118 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator with Slew

Rate Limiting

6,115,597 Disposal Emergency Cellular Phone

6,132,426 Temperature and Current Limited Ablation Catheter

6,167,306 Method and Apparatus for Electrically Forcing Car-

diac Output in an Arrhythmia Patient

6,169,923 Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator with Auto-

matic Arrhythmia Detection Criteria Adjustment

6,185,457 Method and Apparatus for Electrically Forcing Car-

diac Output in an Arrhythmia Patient

6,198,249 Thermal Booster Battery System

6,208,899 Implantable Cardioversion Device with Automatic

Filter Control

6,219,582 Temporary Atrial Cardioversion Catheter

6,233,483 System and Method for Generating a High Efficiency

Biphasic Defibrillation Waveform for Use in an Im-
plantable Cardioverter/ Defibrillator (ICD).

6,282,444 Implantable Device with Electrical Infection Control

6,287,306 Even Temperature Linear Lesion Ablation Catheter

6,292,694 Implantable Medical Device Having Atrial Tach-

yarrhythmia Prevention Therapy

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 13

6,314,319 Method and Apparatus for Temporarily Electrically
Forcing Cardiac Output in a Tachyarrhythmia Patient

6,327,498 Implantable Stimulation Lead for Use with an ICD De-

vice Having Automatic Capture Pacing Features

6,345,200 Implant Guiding Programmer for Implantable Cardi-

overter Defibrillator

6,350,168 Light Selective Sport Garments

6,366,808 Implantable Device and Method for the Electrical

Treatment of Cancer

6,370,234 Public Service Answering Point with Automatic Tri-

age Capability

6,405,922 Keyboard Signature Security System

6,408,206 Disposable External Defibrillator

6,411,844 Fast Recovery Sensor Amplifier Circuit for Implanta-

ble Medical Device

6,438,426 Temporary Atrial Cardioversion Catheter

6,442,426 Implantable Ventricular Cardioverter-Defibrillator

Employing Atrial Pacing for Preventing Atrial Fibril-
lation from Ventricular Cardioversion and Defibrilla-
tion Shocks

6,445,949 Implantable Cardioversion Device with a Self-Ad-

justing Threshold for Therapy Selection

6,445,950 Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator Employing

Shock Delivery Timing for Preventing Induced Fi-
brillation

6,456,876 Dual-Chamber Implantable Cardiac Stimulation Sys-

tem and Device with Selectable Arrhythmia Termi-
nation Electrode Configurations and Method

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 14

6,484,056 System and Method of Generating a High Efficiency
Biphasic Defibrillation Waveform for Use in an Im-
plantable Cardioverter/ Defibrillator (ICD)

6,539,254 Implantable Ventricular Cardioverter-Defibrillator

Employing Atrial Pacing for Preventing Atrial Fibril-
lation from Ventricular Cardioversion and Defibrilla-
tion Shocks

6,549,806 Implantable Dual Site Cardiac Stimulation Device

Having Independent Automatic Capture Capability

6,549,807 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a Re-

chargeable, Fast-Charging Battery and Method
Thereof

6,560,484 Method and Apparatus for Electrically Forcing Car-

diac Output in an Arrhythmia Patient

6,560,974 Nitrogen-Based Refrigerator Crisper

6,561,185 Altitude Adjustment Method and Apparatus

6,567,697 External Defibrillator with Electrical CPR Assist

6,578,499 Wind and Insect Resistant Picnic System

6,580,908 Generic Number Cellular Telephone

6,580,915 Aircraft Internal EMI Detection and Location

6,590,534 Electronic Car Locator

6,609,027 His Bundle Sensing Device and Associated Method

6,625,493 Orientation of Patient's Position Sensor Using Exter-

nal Field

6,628,986 System for Predicting Defibrillation Threshold Based

on Patient Data

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 15

6,645,153 System and Method for Evaluating Risk of Mortality
Due to Congestive Heart Failure Using Physiologic
Sensors

6,658,292 Detection of Patient’s Position and Activity Using 3D

Accelerometer-Based Position Sensor

6,662,047 Pacing Mode to Reduce Effects of Orthostatic Hypo-

tension and Synocope

6,687,542 XY Selectable Lead Assembly

6,694,188 Dynamic Control of Overdrive Pacing Based on De-

gree of Randomness
Within Heart Rate

6,714,818 System and Method of Generating an Optimal Three-

Step Defibrillation Waveform for Use in an Implanta-
ble Cardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD)

6,731,982 Anti-Tachycardia Pacing Methods and Devices

6,738,663 Implantable Device and Method for the Electrical

Treatment of Cancer

6,744,152 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator with Switcha-

ble Power Source and Patient Warning System Car-
diac Device

6,745,073 System and Method of Generating a Low-Pain Multi-

Step Defibrillation Waveform for Use in an Implanta-
ble Cardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD)

6,748,261 Implantable Cardiac Stimulation Device for and

Method of Monitoring Progression or Regression of
Heart Disease by Monitoring Interchamber Conduc-
tion Delays

6,751,503 Methods and Systems for Treating Patients with Con-

gestive Heart Failure (CHF)

6,754,531 Anti-Tachycardia Pacing Methods and Devices

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 16

6,760,625 Battery Monitoring System for an Implantable Medi-
cal Device

6,763,266 System and Method of Generating a Low-Pain Multi-

Step Defibrillation Waveform for Use in an Implanta-
ble Cardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD)

6,766,194 Dynamic Control of Overdrive Pacing Based on De-

gree of Randomness Within Heart Rate

6,766,196 Anti-Tachycardia Pacing Methods and Devices

6,772,007 System and Method of Generating a Low-Pain Multi-

Step Defibrillation Waveform for Use in an Implanta-
ble Cardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD)

6,775,571 Dynamic Control of Overdrive Pacing Based on De-

gree of Randomness Within Heart Rate

6,780,181 Even Temperature Linear Lesion Ablation Catheter

6,795,731 Anti-Tachycardia Pacing Methods and Devices

6,804,577 Battery Monitoring System for an Implantable Medi-

cal Device

6,817,520 Magnetic Card Swipe Signature Security System

6,826,427 Methods and Devices for Inhibiting Battery Voltage

Delays in an Implantable Cardiac Device

6,853,859 Electrical Cardiac Output Forcer

6,854,844 Tan-Thru Sunglasses

6,862,475 Pediatric Rate Varying Implantable Cardiac Device

6,865,420 Cardiac Stimulation Device for Optimizing Cardiac

output with Myocardial Ischemia Protection

6,904,314 Automatic defibrillation threshold tracking

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 17

6,907,286 Anti-tachycardia pacing methods and devices

6,928,321 Hypnosis augmented ICD

6,931,278 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator having fast ac-

tion operation

6,937,896 Sympathetic nerve stimulator and/or pacemaker

6,954,669 System and method of generating an optimal three-

step defibrillation waveform for use in an implanta-
ble cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD)

6,961,615 System and method for evaluating risk of mortality

due to congestive heart failure using physiologic
sensors

6,964,116 Ambulatory hairdryer

6,968,574 Light selective sports garments

6,980,850 System and method for emulating a surface EKG us-

ing an implantable cardiac stimulation device

6,987,999 Implantable defibrillator with alternating counter

electrode

6,993,379 System and method for emulating a surface EKG us-

ing an implantable cardiac stimulation device

6,997,180 Breathing gas therapeutic method and apparatus

7,003,348 Monitoring cardiac geometry for diagnostics and

therapy

7,010,358 Single lead system for high voltage CHF device

7,010,346 Implantable medical device having atrial tach-

yarrhythmia prevention therapy

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 18

7,006,867 Methods and apparatus for overdrive pacing multi-
ple atrial sites using an implantable cardiac stimula-
tion device

7,006,347 Low deformation electrolytic capacitor

7,006,867 Methods and apparatus for overdrive pacing multi-

ple atrial sites using an implantable cardiac stimula-
tion device

7,010,346 Implantable medical device having atrial tach-

yarrhythmia prevention therapy

7,010,358 Single lead system for high voltage CHF device

7,016,720 System and method for monitoring blood glucose

levels using an implantable medical device

7,020,521 Methods and apparatus for detecting and/or moni-

toring heart failure

7,024,243 System and methods for preventing, detecting, and

terminating pacemaker mediated tachycardia in
biventricular implantable cardiac stimulation device

7,029,443 System and method for monitoring blood glucose

levels using an implantable medical device

7,043,301 Implantable cardiac stimulation system providing

high output far-field pacing and method

7,062,328 System and method for providing improved specific-

ity for automatic mode switching within an implanta-
ble medical device

7,072,712 Disposable external defibrillator with hinged hous-

ing halves

7,076,295 Automatic defibrillation shock energy adjuster

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 19

7,076,300 Implantable cardiac stimulation device and method
that discriminates between and treats atrial tachy-
cardia and atrial fibrillation

7,076,301 Implantable cardiac stimulation device that mini-

mizes parasitic muscle stimulation and method

7,079,891 System and method for providing cardioversion

therapy and overdrive pacing using an implantable
cardiac stimulation device

7,103,412 Implantable cardiac stimulation device and method

for detecting asymptomatic diabetes

7,113,822 System and method for providing cardioversion

therapy and overdrive pacing using an implantable
cardiac stimulation device

7,120,491 Implantable cardioversion device with a self-adjust-

ing threshold for therapy selection

7,123,961 Stimulation of autonomic nerves

7,139,611 System and method for rejecting far-field signals us-

ing an implantable cardiac stimulation device

7,149,579 System and method for determining patient posture

based on 3-D trajectory using an implantable medi-
cal device

7,149,584 System and method for determining patient posture

based on 3-D trajectory using an implantable medi-
cal device

7,155,277 Pathway management for CHF patients

7,155,286 System and method for reducing pain associated

with cardioversion shocks generated by implantable
cardiac stimulation devices

7,158,825 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator with leakage

detection and prevention system

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 20

7,158,826 System and method for generating pain inhibition
pulses using an implantable cardiac stimulation de-
vice

7,162,299 ICD with VF prevention

7,164,944 Analgesic therapy for ICD patients

7,164,950 Implantable stimulation device with isolating system

for minimizing magnetic induction

7,171,268 Implantable cardiac stimulation device providing

accelerated defibrillation delivery and method

7,181,281 ICD using MEMS for optimal therapy

7,181,277 Methods and systems for reducing the likelihood of

arrhythmia onset

7,181,269 Implantable device that diagnoses ischemia and my-

ocardial infarction and method

7,177,684 Activity monitor and six-minute walk test for depres-

sion and CHF patients

7,175,271 Tan-thru glasses

7,177,684 Activity monitor and six-minute walk test for depres-

sion and CHF patients

7,181,269 Implantable device that diagnoses ischemia and my-

ocardial infarction and method

7,181,277 Methods and systems for reducing the likelihood of

arrhythmia onset

7,181,281 ICD using MEMS for optimal therapy

7,191,002 Anti-tachycardia pacing methods and devices

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 21

7,194,304 Implantable cardiac defibrillation assembly includ-
ing a self-evaluation system and method

7,200,437 Tissue contact for satellite cardiac pacemaker

7,203,546 System and method of implementing a prophylactic

pacer/defibrillator

7,203,547 System and method of implementing a prophylactic

pacer/defibrillator

7,203,550 Implantable medical device with a current gener-

ated for infection control

7,212,855 System and method for providing preventive over-

drive pacing and antitachycardia pacing using an
implantable cardiac stimulation device

7,212,859 Dual-chamber implantable cardiac stimulation sys-

tem and device with selectable arrhythmia termina-
tion electrode configurations and method

7,225,030 Management of implantable devices

7,225,029 Implantable cardiac therapy device with dual cham-

ber can to isolate high-frequency circuitry

7,225,020 System and method for providing preventive over-

drive pacing and antitachycardia pacing using an
implantable cardiac stimulation device

7,225,029 Implantable cardiac therapy device with dual cham-

ber can to isolate high-frequency circuitry

7,225,030 Management of implantable devices

7,231,255 System and method for reducing pain associated

with cardioversion shocks generated by implantable
cardiac stimulation devices

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 22

7,254,440 Implantable ischemia and myocardial infarction
monitor and method

7,260,433 Subcutaneous cardiac stimulation device providing

anti-tachycardia pacing therapy and method

7,270,411 Light selective sports garments

7,272,438 Mode switching heart stimulation apparatus and

method

7,274,961 Implantable cardiac stimulation device and method

that discriminates between and treats ventricular
tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation

7,277,755 Subcutaneous cardiac stimulation device providing

anti-tachycardia pacing therapy and method

7,283,871 Self adjusting optimal waveforms

7,292,886 Bifocal cardiac stimulation device and methods

7,295,873 Anti-tachycardia pacing method and apparatus for

multi-chamber pacing

7,305,266 Cardiac stimulation devices and methods for meas-

uring impedances associated with the heart
7,305,270 Cardiac pacing/sensing lead providing far-field sig-
nal rejection

7,308,305 Optimally timed early shock defibrillation

7,308,307 Implantable single-chamber atrial pacing device

providing active ventricular far field sensing and
rate limit

7,321,792 Pacing therapy and acupuncture

7,324,849 Methods and devices for inhibiting battery voltage

delays in an implantable cardiac device

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 23

7,333,854 Orthostatic cardiac output response pacer for heart
failure patients and diabetic patients

7,340,302 Treating sleep apnea in patients using phrenic nerve

stimulation

7,359,752 Configurable test load for an implantable medical

device

7,363,081 System and method for providing preventive over-

drive pacing and antitachycardia pacing using an
implantable cardiac stimulation device

7,363,086 Capture verification in respiratory diaphragm stimu-

lation

7,369,898 System and method for responding to pulsed gradi-

ent magnetic fields using an implantable medical de-
vice

7,373,202 Unipolar and bipolar lead cardiac pacemaker and

method for inhibiting anode stimulation

7,386,342 Subcutaneous cardiac stimulation device providing

anti-tachycardia pacing therapy and method

7,386,343 Spectrum-driven arrhythmia treatment method

7,389,140 Adjustment of stimulation current path

7,398,122 Self adjusting optimal waveforms

7,403,823 Super plastic design for CHF pacemaker lead

7,412,285 Method and device for treating cancer with electrical

therapy in conjunction with chemotherapeutic
agents and radiation therapy

7,413,302 Tan thru glasses

7,414,534 Method and apparatus for monitoring ingestion of

medications using an implantable medical device

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 24

7,421,292 System and method for controlling the recording of
diagnostic medical data in an implantable medical
device

7,438,283 Toddler stair safety system

7,444,154 Nuisance cell phone locator

7,447,544 System and method for controlling the recording of

diagnostic medical data in an implantable medical
device

7,450,995 Implantable cardiac stimulation device including an

output circuit that provides arbitrarily shaped defib-
rillation waveforms

7,454,249 Early warning for lead insulation failure

7,457,636 Self defense cellular telephone

7,467,012 Respiration parameters controlled by heart rate

7,480,531 System and method for reducing pain associated

with cardioversion shocks generated by implantable
cardiac stimulation devices

7,483,715 Self defense cell phone with projectiles

7,520,081 Electric immobilization weapon

7,526,336 Left heart implantable cardiac stimulation system

with clot prevention and method

7,540,605 Tan-through sunglasses

7,565,195 Failsafe satellite pacemaker system

7,570,995 Method for reforming a capacitor in an implantable

medical device

7,577,478 Ischemia detection for anti-arrhythmia therapy

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 25

7,585,071 Tan thru glasses

7,587,239 Cardiac pacemaker system, lead and method for re-

jecting far-field signals

7,590,445 Indirect mechanical medical therapy system

7,596,410 Tiered antitachycardia pacing and pre-pulsing ther-

apy

7,596,412 Opto-electrical coherence detection of hemodynam-

ically compromising arrhythmia

7,610,090 Implantable medical device with automatic sensing

adjustment

7,613,513 System and method for determining cardiac geome-

try

7,634,313 Failsafe satellite pacemaker system

7,640,065 Cardiac constraint/therapeutic stimulation device

7,653,440 Stimulation lead and methods of stimulating

7,654,230 Domestic animal telephone

7,654,964 System and method for detecting arterial blood

pressure based on aortic electrical resistance using
an implantable medical device

7,676,266 Monitoring ventricular synchrony

7,680,529 System and method for monitoring blood glucose

levels using an implantable medical device

7,684,870 Direct current fibrillator

7,689,280 Automatic system for determining bi-ventricular

pacing responders

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 26

7,706,864 Method and apparatus for electrically forcing car-
diac output in an arrhythmia patient

7,711,415 Implantable devices, and methods for use therewith,

for monitoring sympathetic and parasympathetic in-
fluences on the heart

7,720,549 Partially implantable system for the electrical treat-

ment of abnormal tissue growth

7,756,577 Multi-modal medical therapy system

7,751,887 Tiered antitachycardia pacing and pre-pulsing ther-

apy

7,747,320 Responding a partial lead failure in an implantable

cardioverter defibrillator

7,742,811 Implantable device and method for the electrical

treatment of cancer

7,738,954 His bundle control

7,747,320 Responding a partial lead failure in an implantable

cardioverter defibrillator

7,751,887 Tiered antitachycardia pacing and pre-pulsing ther-

apy

7,756,577 Multi-modal medical therapy system

7,787,961 Reduced-diameter body-implantable leads and

methods of assembly

7,805,158 Self defense cell phone with acceleration sensor and

emergency call button

7,809,439 Spectrum-driven arrhythmia treatment method

7,813,798 Systems and methods for preventing, detecting, and

terminating pacemaker mediated tachycardia in

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 27

 biventricular implantable cardiac stimulation sys-
tems
7,848,804 Apparatus and related methods for capacitor reform-
ing

7,848,806 Virtual electrode polarization for shock therapy

7,856,268 Ischemia detection for anti-arrhythmia therapy

7,859,818 Electronic control device with wireless projectiles

7,876,228 Method and apparatus for monitoring ingestion of

medications using an implantable medical device

7,878,152 Domestic animal telephone

7,894,915 Implantable medical device

7,899,537 Pericardial cardioverter defibrillator

7,946,056 Ambulatory hairdryer

7,970,465 Decision paradigms for implantable cardioverter-

defibrillators

7,986,965 Self defense cell phone with shocking circuitry

8,005,474 Cell phone locator method

8,014,854 Method and device for treating abnormal tissue

growth with electrical therapy

8,060,200 Self-adjusting optimal waveforms

8,121,680 Subcutaneous cardiac stimulation device providing

anti-tachycardia pacing therapy and method

8,099,174 Left heart implantable cardiac stimulation system

with clot prevention electrode body coating and
method

8,123,716 Pericardial delivery of treatment

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 28

8,160,655 Automatic recharging wireless headset

8,170,689 Implantable cardiac defibrillation system with defib-

rillation electrode entrapment prevention and
method

8,200,330 Responding to partial lead failure in an implantable

cardioverter defibrillator

8,201,522 Domestic animal telephone

8,269,635 Method and apparatus for monitoring ingestion of

medications using an implantable medical device

8,269,636 Method and apparatus for monitoring ingestion of

medications using an implantable medical device

8,340,731 Automatic recharging wireless headset

8,352,033 Apparatus and methods for measuring defibrillation

lead impedance via a high magnitude, short duration
current pulse

8,401,637 Medium voltage therapy applications in treating car-

diac arrest

8,483,822 Adaptive medium voltage therapy for cardiac ar-

rhythmias

8,551,019 Variable stiffness guide wire

8,577,425 Automatic recharging wireless headset

8,600,494 Method and device for treating abnormal tissue

growth with electrical therapy

8,676,317 System and method for estimating defibrillation im-

pedance based on low-voltage resistance measure-
ments using an implantable medical device

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 29

8,700,156 High accuracy painless method for measuring defib-
rillation lead impedance

8,718,759 Multi-modal electrotherapy method and apparatus

8,750,990 Coordinated medium voltage therapy for improving

effectiveness of defibrillation therapy

8,750,972 Implantable medical device with automatic sensing

adjustment

8,805,495 Adaptive medium voltage therapy for cardiac ar-

rhythmias

8,812,103 Method for detecting and treating insulation lead-to-

housing failures

8,868,178 Arrhythmia electrotherapy device and method with

provisions for mitigating patient discomfort

8,868,186 Methods for measuring impedances associated with

the heart

9,061,164 Method for coordinating medium voltage therapy for

improving effectiveness of defibrillation therapy

9,144,684 Medium voltage therapy applied as a test of a physi-

ologic state

9,168,381 Arrhythmia electrotherapy device and method with

provisions for inferring patient discomfort from
evoked response

9,272,150 Method for detecting and localizing insulation fail-

ures of implantable device leads

9,333,009 Spinal correction system actuators

9,408,638 Spinal correction system actuators

9,421,391 Coordinated medium voltage therapy for improving

effectiveness of defibrillation therapy

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 30

9,427,577 Method for detecting and treating insulation lead-to-
housing failures

9,480,851 Multi-modal electrotherapy method and apparatus

9,636,500 Active surveillance of implanted medical leads for

lead integrity

9,636,504 Arrhythmia electrotheraphy device and method with

provisions for mitigating patient discomfort

9,675,799 Method and apparatus for implantable cardiac lead

integrity analysis

9,713,727 Cardiac-safe electrotherapy method and apparatus

9,821,156 Apparatus for detecting and localizing insulation fail-

ures of implantable device leads

9,895,168 Spinal correction system actuators

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 31

INTERNATIONAL PATENTS: (PARTIAL)

AU1305595A1 Method and Apparatus Utilizing Short Tau Capaci-

tors

AU1305795A1 Implantable defibrillator employing polymer thin

film capacitors

AU1696897A1 Medical current limiter

AU2003299471 Method and Device for Treating Cancer with Elec-

trical Therapy in Conjunction with Chemothera-
peutic Agents and Radiation Therapy

AU3625295A1 Low profile defibrillation catheter

AU697971B2 Medical current limiter

AU9048267 Bio-acoustic signal sensor

AU921460392A1 Electrocardiographic signal processing device

AU9513055 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (extended

shock duration)

AU9513057 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (polymer

thin film capacitors)

AU952637295 Implantable Defibrillator System for Generating Bi-

phasic Waveforms

AU9539631 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (stepped

cardioversion)

AU9716968 Two terminal bi-directional medical current limiter

CA1291792 Flexible and Disposable Electrode Belt Device

DE3637956 Flexible egwerfbare elektrodenbandvorrichtung

(electrode belt)

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 32

DE60016125T Implantable Cardioversion Device with Automatic
Filter Control

DE60026121T Implantable ventricular cardioverter/defibrillator

employing atrial pacing for preventing atrial fibril-
lation from ventricular cardioversion and defibril-
lation shocks

DE60114507T Method and apparatus for biventricular stimulation

and capture monitoring

DE60203863T XY Selectable lead assembly

DE60212280T Pacing mode to reduce effects of orthostatic hypo-

tension and syncope

DE60303758T System for monitoring blood glucose levels using

an implantable medical device

DE69218658 Implantable defibrillator system providing wave-

form optimization

DE69228735T2 Defibrillationssystem mit einem kleinen kondensa-

tor

DE69230430C0 Vorrichtung zur behandlung von herz vor einer de-

fibrillation

DE69319641T2 Detektion von tachykardie und herzflimmern

DE69320474T2 Implantierbarer kardiovertierer/defibrillator mit

einem kleineren verdraengungsvolumen

DE69321629T2 Optimale energiesteuerung fuer einen implantier-

baren defibrillator

DE69323868C0 Herzrhythmuskorrektur mittels kurzer impulse

DE69936786T Temporary atrial cardioversion electrode catheter

EP1046409 An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator with au-

tomatic arrhythmia detection criteria adjustment

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 33

EP1084730 Implantable cardioversion device with automatic
filter control

EP1114653 An Implantable Cardioversion Device with a Self-

Adjusting Threshold for Therapy Selection

EP1127587 Dual-Chamber Implantable Cardiac Stimulation

System and Device with Selectable Arrhythmia
Termination Electrode Configurations and Method

EP1140279 Temporary atrial cardioversion electrode catheter

EP1155711 Method and Apparatus for Biventricular Stimulation

and Capture Monitoring

EP1155712 Implantable dual site cardiac stimulation device

having independent automatic capture capability

EP1205215 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Rechargeable, Fast-Charging Battery and Method
Thereof

EP1234597 His Bundle Sensing Device and Associated Method

EP1291036 Pacing Mode to Reduce Effects of Orthostatic Hy-

potension and Syncope

EP1300175 Xy selectable lead assembly

EP1304137 Anti-tachycardia pacing devices

EP1304138 Automatic defibrillation shock energy adjuster

EP1306105 Implantable Cardiac Therapy Device with Dual

Chamber Can

EP1308182 Implantable cardiac stimulation device

EP1419731 System and Method For Monitoring Blood Glucose

Levels Using an Implantable Medical Device

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 34

EP1515775 (A2) Method and device for treating cancer with elec-
trical therapy in conjunction with chemotherapeu-
tic agents and radiation therapy

EP1515775 Method and Device For Treating Cancer With Elec-

trical Therapy in Conjunction with Chemothera-
peutic Agents and Radiation Therapy

EP1524008 (A1) Implantable cardiac stimulation device providing

arbitrarily shaped defibrillation waveforms

EP1524008 Implantable cardiac stimulation device providing

arbitrarily shaped defibrillation waveforms

EP1570880 (A1) Left heart implantable cardiac stimulation system

with clot prevention

EP1598093 (A2) System for automated fluid monitoring

EP1614446 (A2) Electrically forcing cardiac output temporarily in

tachycardia patients

EP1614446 Electrically forcing cardiac output temporarily in

tachycardia patients

EP1647301 (A1) Mode switching heart stimulation apparatus and

method

EP1666086 (A1) Automatic capture pacing lead

EP1747039 Partially implantable system for the electrical treat-

ment of cancer

EP406381 Bio-acoustic signal sensor

EP515059 Implantable defibrillator system providing wave-

form optimization

EP540266 Cardiac Pacemaker with Pretreatment Circuit

EP547878A3 Defibrillation Pulse Generator with Small Value Ca-

pacitor

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 35

EP558353 Implantable Defibrillation System with Optimum
Energy Steering

EP560569 Defibrillation and Tachycardia Detection System

EP578700 Electrocardiographic signal processing device

EP636041 Cardioversion Waveform Production Circuit for

Tachycardia Termination

EP642368 Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia Using Far-

Field Pulse Series

EP642369B1 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Subcu-

taneous Location

EP720496A4 Prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator

EP738171 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (stepped

cardioversion)

EP739223 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (extended

shock duration)

EP739224 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (polymer

thin film capacitors)

EP751805A4 Staged Energy Storage System for Implantable De-

fibrillator

EP820652 Two terminal bi-directional medical current limiter

EP2092953 (A3) Implantable stimulation lead for use with an ICD

device having autocapture pacing features

EP2854702 (A1) Method For Detecting And Localizing Insulation

Failures Of Implantable Device Leads

FR642369R4 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Smaller Displacement Volume

FR720496R1 Prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 36

FR751805R1 Staged Energy Storage System for Implantable De-
fibrillator

GB2185403B Flexible and Disposable Electrode Belt Device

GB642369R4 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Smaller Displacement Volume

GB720496R1 Prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator

GB751805R1 Staged Energy Storage System for Implantable De-

fibrillator

IT642369R4 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Smaller Displacement Volume

JP8509385 T2 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Subcu-

taneous Location

JP9622811W1 Staged Energy Storage System for Implantable De-

fibrillator

NL642369R4 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Subcu-

taneous Location

NL650383R4 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Having a

Smaller Displacement Volume

NL720496R1 Prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator

NL751805R1 Staged Energy Storage System for Implantable De-

fibrillator

WO 532020A1 Implantable Defibrillator System for Generating Bi-

phasic Waveforms

WO0020071 Implantable Stimulation Lead for Use with an ICD

Device Having Autocapture Pacing Features

WO0036987 Dual sensor ablation catheter

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 37

WO0038780 Temporary atrial cardioversion electrode catheter

WO0057955 Method and Apparatus for Electrically Forcing Car-

diac Output in an Arrhythmia Patient

WO0187410 Cardiac stimulation devices and methods for meas-

uring impedances associated with the left side of
the heart

WO0187410 Cardiac Stimulation Devices and Methods for

Measuring Impedances Associated with the Left
Side of the Heart

WO020071A1 Implantable Stimulation Lead for Use with an ICD

Device Having Autocapture Pacing Features

WO02068049 Implantable Medical Device with a Current Gener-

ated for Infection Control

WO03072192 Management of Implantable Devices

WO03073192 Management of Not Yet Implanted IMD by Use of

Telemetry Means

WO036987A1 Dual sensor ablation catheter

WO038780A1 Temporary atrial cardioversion electrode catheter

WO2004037341 Method and Device for Treating Cancer with Elec-

trical Therapy in Conjunction with Chemothera-
peutic Agents and Radiation Therapy

WO2005099812 (A2) Partially implantable system for the electrical

treatment of cancer

WO2006058133 (A2) Medium voltage therapy applications in treating

cardiac arrest

WO2006085990 (A2) Immobilization weapon

WO9008506 Bio-acoustic signal sensor

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 38

WO9215245 Electrocardiographic signal processing device

WO9319809 Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia Using Far-

Field Pulse Series

WO9320892 Cardioversion Waveform Production Circuit for

Tachycardia Termination

WO9400193A1 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Subcu-

taneous Location

WO9509030A3 Prophylactic ICD

WO9516492 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (extended

shock duration)

WO9516495 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (polymer

thin film capacitors)

WO9532020 Biphasic defibrillation waveform production

method and apparatus

WO9606655 Low profile defibrillation catheter

WO9611035 Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (stepped

cardioversion)

WO9622811A1 Staged Energy Storage System for Implantable De-

fibrillator

WO9622812 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Pulse Gen-

erator Kite-Staged Energy Storage System for Im-
plantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

WO9715351 Method and Apparatus for Temporarily Electrically

Forcing Cardiac Output as a Backup for Tachycar-
dia Patients

WO9725761 Medical current limiter

WO9725761 Two terminal bi-directional medical current limiter

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 39

WO2014US32163 Cardiac-Safe Electrotherapy Method And Appa-
ratus

WO2005099812 (A2) Partially Implantable System For The Electrical

Treatment Of Cancer

WO2006085990 (A9) Immobilization Weapon

WO2006058133 (A3) Medium Voltage Therapy Applications In Treating

Cardiac Arrest

WO2015148632 (A1) Active Surveillance Of Implanted Medical Leads

For Lead Integrity

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 40

BOOKS:

Kroll M W and M. H. Lehmann

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy: The Engineer-
ing-Clinical Interface. xxii+585p. Kluwer Academic Publishers:
Dordrecht, Netherlands; Norwell, Massachusetts, USA. 1996 ISBN:
0-7923-4300-X.

Efimov I, Kroll MW, Tchou PJ

Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy: Mechanisms and Practical Implica-
tions. xxiii+634 pp. Springer Kluwer. New York, New York. 2008.
ISBN: 978-0-387-79402-0

Kroll MW, Ho, JD

TASER Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology,
and Law. 460 pp. Springer Kluwer. New York, New York. 2009.

Fish RM, Geddes, LA: Andrews, Blumenthal, Cooper, Holle, Kroll, Shafer
Electrical Injuries: Medical and Bioengineering Aspects. 2nd Ed.
xx+ 6—pp. Lawyers and Judges Publishing Co. Inc. Tucson, AZ.
2009

Ho JD, Dawes DM, Kroll MW

Forensic Atlas of Conducted Electrical Weapons. Ho, Dawes, and
Kroll. Springer. 2012.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 41

BOOK CHAPTERS:

Tchou P, Kroll MW
“The Sentinel 2000” in Wang, Estes, and Manolis (Ed.). Automatic
Cardioverter Defibrillators: A Comprehensive Text, Marcel Dek-
ker, New York. 1993.

Bach S M; Lehmann M H; Kroll M W

“Tachyarrhythmia Detection” in Kroll, M. W. and M. H. Lehmann
(Ed.). Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: The engi-
neering-clinical interface. xxii+585p. Kluwer Academic Publish-
ers: Dordrecht, Netherlands; Norwell, Massachusetts, USA.

Lehmann M H; Kroll M W
“Future Clinical Challenges” in Kroll, M. W. and M. H. Lehmann
(Ed.). Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: The engi-
neering-clinical interface. xxii+585p. Kluwer Academic Publish-
ers: Dordrecht, Netherlands; Norwell, Massachusetts, USA.

Ennis J B; Kroll M W
“The High Voltage Capacitor” in Kroll, M. W. and M. H. Lehmann
(Ed.). Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: The engi-
neering-clinical interface. xxii+585p. Kluwer Academic Publish-
ers: Dordrecht, Netherlands; Norwell, Massachusetts, USA.

Kroll M W; Lehmann M H; Tchou P J

“Defining the Defibrillation Dosage” in Kroll, M. W. and M. H. Leh-
mann (Ed.). Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: The
engineering-clinical interface. xxii+585p. Kluwer Academic Pub-
lishers: Dordrecht, Netherlands; Norwell, Massachusetts, USA.

Kroll MW; Tchou PJ

“Testing of Implantable Defibrillator Functions at Implantation” in
Clinical Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation 2nd Ed. Ed. By Ellen-
bogen, Kay, and Wilkoff. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
USA 1999.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 42

 Paul A. Levine, Robert E. Smith Jr., Balakrishnan Shankar, Greg
Hauck, Jeffrey Snell, Andre Walker and Mark Kroll
Pacemaker Memory: Basic Concepts and New Technology. In
“The Fifth Decade of Cardiac Pacing” Edited by: Serge Barold and
Jacques Mugica. Blackwell Publishing 2003.

Kroll MW; Tchou PJ

“Testing of Implantable Defibrillator Functions at Implantation” in
Clinical Cardiac Pacing, Defibrillation, and Resynchonization
Therapy, 3rd Ed. Ed. By Ellenbogen, Kay, Lau, and Wilkoff. W.B.
Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA 2006.

Kroll MW; Levine PA

“Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Cir-
cuitry” in Clinical Cardiac Pacing, Defibrillation and Resynchoni-
zation Therapy. 3rd Ed. Ed. By Ellenbogen, Kay, Lau, and Wilkoff.
W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA 2006.

Kroll MW.
“Industry Research and Management” in Career Development in
Bioengineering and Biotechnology. Ed. By Guruprasad
Madhavan, Barbara Oakley, Luis Kun. Springer 2007

Kroll MW, Orlov M.

“History of cardiac defibrillation.” In Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy:
Mechanisms and Practical Implications. Eds. Efimov, Kroll, and
Tchou. Springer Kluwer 2008.

Kroll MW, Swerdlow CD.

“Lessons for the clinical implant.” In Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy:
Mechanisms and Practical Implications. Eds. Efimov, Kroll, and
Tchou. Springer Kluwer 2008.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 43

Kroll MW, Efimov I, Swerdlow CD.
“Future implantable devices.” In Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy:
Mechanisms and Practical Implications. Eds. Efimov, Kroll, and
Tchou. Springer Kluwer 2008.

Dawes D and Kroll MW.

“Neuroendocrine Effects of CEWs.” In TASER Conducted Electri-
cal Weapons. Eds. Kroll and Ho. Springer Kluwer 2009

Brewer JE and Kroll MW.

“Field Statistics Overview” In TASER Conducted Electrical Weap-
ons. Eds. Kroll and Ho. Springer Kluwer 2009

Kroll MW, Wetli C, Mash D, Karch S, Graham M, Ho J.

Excited Delirium Checklist. In TASER Conducted Electrical Weap-
ons. Eds. Kroll and Ho. Springer Kluwer 2009

Kroll M, Luceri R, Calkins H, Lakkireddy DJ, Ho J.

Electrocution Diagnosis Checklist. In TASER Conducted Electrical
Weapons. Eds. Kroll and Ho. Springer Kluwer 2009

Kroll MW.
“TASER Electronic Control Devices.” In Electrical Injuries: Medi-
cal and Bioengineering Aspects. Fish RM, Geddes LA, Andrews C,
Blumenthal R, Cooper MA, Holle R, Kroll MW, Shafer JD. Lawyers
and Judges Publishing 2009.

Kroll MW.
“TASER Electronic Control Devices.” Clinical and Forensic Medi-
cine. 3rd Ed. Margaret Stark. Springer 2011.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 44

Kroll MW.
Physics of Electrical Injuries: Forensic Atlas of Conducted Electri-
cal Weapons. Eds: Ho, Dawes, and Kroll. Springer. 2012

Ross DL, Brave MA, Kroll MW

Arrest-related deaths, Emerging Questions, and Competing Ex-
pectations in Investigations. Guidelines for Investigating Officer-In-
volved Shootings, Arrest-Related Deaths, and Deaths in Custody.
Eds: Ross and Vilke. Routledge 2017

Kroll MW, Brave MA

Conducted Electrical Weapons, CEW Temporal Deaths: In-Cus-
tody Deaths. Chapter 13. Guidelines for Investigating Officer-In-
volved Shootings, Arrest- Related Deaths, and Deaths in Custody.
Eds: Ross and Vilke. Routledge 2017

Kroll MW
Arrest-Related Death Evidence Checklist: In-Custody Deaths.
Guidelines for Investigating Officer-Involved Shootings, Arrest-Re-
lated Deaths, and Deaths in Custody. Eds: Ross and Vilke.
Routledge 2017

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 45

ABSTRACTS, PRESENTATIONS, AND NONINDEXED LETTERS:

Kroll MW
"Electromagnetic Interference (in High Resolution Instrumenta-
tion)," International Conference on Weights and Measurement,
June 1980, San Francisco, CA.

Kroll MW, Kroll WH

"Vibration Isolation Efficiency Limitations in Practice Due to Air Ef-
fects," 10th International Congress on Acoustics, July 1980, Sydney,
Australia.

Kroll MW
"Diagnosis and Management of Electromagnetic Interference,"
ICWM, May 1981, Dallas, TX.

Kroll MW
"Hardware Modification Boosts Z-80 Counting Rate to 2MHz," Elec-
tronic Design, May 1982 V30, N11.

Kroll MW
"'Trap Door' Approach to Record Level Lockouts in OS-9," 68XX
Journal, April 1983.

Kroll MW
"Topological Methods in Circuit Layout," MEIS Conference, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, May 1983, Minneapolis, MN.

Kroll MW
"Macro Modeling of Time-Dependent Logic Equations," IEEE Cir-
cuit Theory Conference, July 1985, Norfolk, VA.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 46

Kroll MW
"Chronic Ischemia and the Screening for Coronary Artery Dis-
ease," Invited Presentation to in-Patient Cardiology Department of
Cedars Sinai Hospital, November 1987, Los Angeles, CA.

Kroll MW
"The Electrical Detection of Chronic and Acute Myocardial Ische-
mia," IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, May 1988,
St. Paul, MN.

Kroll MW
"Protection of Software in a Medical Product," 1988 WorldMed
Conference, Minneapolis, MN.

Kroll MW; Cook T; Brewer JE

"An Accurate Noninvasive ECG Procedure to Identify Clinically
Important Coronary Disease," 2nd International Conference on
Preventive Cardiology, 29th Annual Meeting of the American Heart
Association Council on Epidemiology, June 1989, Washington, DC.

Kroll MW; Cook T; Brewer J

"Stress EKG vs. A Resting Test for the Detection of Coronary Dis-
ease in 402 Police Officers," 2nd International Conference on Pre-
ventive Cardiology, 29th Annual Meeting of the American Heart As-
sociation Council on Epidemiology, June 1989, Washington, DC.

Kroll MW
"Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of the Acute Infarction: Standard
vs. Chaos Analysis," Emergency Forum, May 1990, Minneapolis,
MN.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 47

Kroll MW; Anderson LM; Cook TC; Lund RS
"Detection of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease: Compar-
ing the Exercise EKG and a New Computer Based Resting Electro-
cardiographic Procedure," May 1990 Presentation at the American
College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting, Medicine and Science
in Sports and Exercise Vol. 22 #2, May 1990.

Gobel F; Tschida V; Anderson L; Kroll MW

"Computer-Based Electrocardiographic Procedure to Detect Clin-
ically Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Normal
Electrocardiograms," European Heart Journal, August 1990, Vol
11A.

Gobel F; Tschida V; Kroll M; Anderson L

"Detection of Single and Multiple Vessel Coronary Artery Disease
Using Electrocardiogram Chaos Analysis," European Heart Jour-
nal, August 1990, Vol 11A.

Kroll MW; Anderson L

"Screening for Coronary Artery Disease: Treadmill vs. Resting
Electrocardiographic Chaos Test," Chest, August 1990 Vol 98
Supp. 2.

Tschida V; Gobel F; Kroll, MW; Anderson L

"Screening Yield of Electrocardiogram Chaos Analysis in Asymp-
tomatic Individuals," European Heart Journal, August 1990, Vol
11A.

Anderson L; Kroll M; Brewer J

"Screening of Asymptomatic Individuals for Coronary Artery Dis-
ease: Treadmill Testing vs. Resting Electrocardiogram Chaos
Analysis," European Heart Journal, August 1990, Vol 11A.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 48

Kammerling J; Kroll MW
"Is Electrocardiogram Chaos an Independent Predictor of Electro-
physiologic Inducibility?", Journal of the American College of Car-
diology, February 1991, Vol 17 No. 2A.

Kroll MW
"Electrocardiographic Chaos Analysis", Invited Address, 16th
Conference on Research and Applications in Computerized Electro-
cardiology, Santa Barbara, CA, April 1991.

Kroll MW
"Precision Weighing in Congestive Heart Failure," Invited Ad-
dress, 1991 International Conference on Weights and Measure-
ment, San Antonio, TX June 1991.

Kroll MW; Adams TP

"The Optimum Pulse Truncation Point for Internal Defibrillation,"
European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, June
1992, Vol 2 # 2.

Kroll MW; Adams TP

"Current or Energy for Defibrillation," European Journal of Car-
diac Pacing and Electrophysiology, June 1992, Vol 2 # 2.

Kroll MW; Fulton KW

"Slope Filtered Correlation Dimension Calculation of Pre-Fibrilla-
tion RR Intervals," European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electro-
physiology, June 1992, Vol 2 # 2.

Kroll MW; Adams TP

"Pulse Correlation for Arrhythmia Discrimination in the Implanta-
ble Defibrillator," European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electro-
physiology, June 1992, Vol 2 # 2.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 49

Adams TP; Kroll MW
"Progress in External Pacemakers," European Journal of Cardiac
Pacing and Electrophysiology, June 1992, Vol 2 # 2.

Kroll MW
"Use of Pulse Correlation for Arrhythmia Discrimination in Im-
plantable Devices," 17th Conference on Research and Applications
in Computerized Electrocardiology, Keystone, CO, April 1992.

Kroll MW
"The Optimum Pulse Width for the Implantable Defibrillator," Sev-
enth Purdue Conference on Defibrillation, American Heart Journal,
Sept. 1992, Vol. 124 # 3.

Leonelli FM; Kuo CS; Fujimura O; Kroll MW; Koch C

"Defibrillation Thresholds are Lower with Small Output Capacitor
Values," Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, April 1993,
Vol 16 #4 Pt.II.

Leonelli FM; Kuo CS; Kroll MW; Koch C; Anderson K

"Increased Right Ventricular Coil Length Lowers Defibrillation
Thresholds Despite Reduction in Catheter Diameter and Total Sur-
face Area," Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, April
1993, Vol 16 #4 Pt.II.

Rist K; Kroll MW; Mowrey K; Keim S; Mehdirad A; Mazgalev T; Hardesty

R; Tchou P
"Comparison of Epicardial Defibrillation Energy Requirements
Using 140 and 85 Microfarad Capacitor Values," Pacing and Car-
diovascular Electrophysiology, April 1993, Vol 16 #4 Pt.II.

Kroll MW
Effect of Capacitor Size on Thresholds of Monophasic and Biphasic
Waveforms, Duke Defibrillation Workshop, April 1993.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 50

Kroll MW; Kroll KC; Brewer JE
The Effect of Pulse Duration on Epicardial Patch Impedance, Euro-
pean Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1993.

Kroll MW; Kroll KC; Brewer JE

Low Energy Test Shocks Need not Overestimate Defibrillation Im-
pedances, European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiol-
ogy, 1993.

Kroll MW; Kroll KC; Adams TP

Low Energy Cardioversion Shocks Have Significantly Longer Du-
rations Than Defibrillation Shocks of the Same Tilt in the Swine
Heart Circulation, October 1993, Vol. 88 # 4.

Ryan SJ; Kroll MW; McQuilken GL; Kroll KC; Adams TP

Discrimination of Ventricular Tachycardia from Exercise Induced
High Sinus Rates by use of Rate Model Change Index. Circulation
October 1993, Vol. 88 # 4.

Adams T; Kroll MW; Kroll KC; Lueders RS; Perttu JS

Short Low Energy Shocks are More Accurate Than Long Shocks for
Estimating Defibrillation Impedances. Pacing and Cardiovascular
Electrophysiology, September 1993, Vol 16 #9 Pt.II.

Kroll MW; Brewer JE; Kroll KC

Epicardial Patch Impedance is Influenced by Shock Duration Es-
pecially at Low Voltages. Third International Conference on Rate
Adaptive Pacing and Implantable Defibrillators, October 1993, Mu-
nich, Germany.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 51

Ryan SJ; Kroll MW; McQuilken GL; Kroll KC; Adams TP
Discrimination of Ventricular Tachycardia From Exercise Induced
High Sinus Rates by Use of Rate Modal Change Index. Third Inter-
national Conference on Rate Adaptive Pacing and Implantable De-
fibrillators, October 1993, Munich, Germany.

Kroll MW; Kroll KC; Adams TP

Low Energy Cardioversion Shocks Have Significantly Longer Du-
rations Than Defibrillation Shocks with Fixed Tilt Waveforms. Pac-
ing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, September 1993, Vol 16
#9 Pt.II.

Kroll MW; Supino CG; Adams TP

A Quantitative Model of the Biphasic Defibrillation Waveform.
Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, September 1993,
Vol 16 #9 Pt.II.

Kroll MW
The Future of the ICD: Fourth Generation and Beyond. Raymond
James Healthcare Conference, St. Petersburg, FL, March 1994.

Kroll MW
A Minimal Model of the Single Capacitor Biphasic Defibrillation
Waveform, Duke Defibrillation Workshop, April 1994.

Brewer JE; Tvedt MA; Martin L; Kroll MW; Adams TP

Cardioversion Shocks Have a Significantly Higher Tilt of the Inter-
nal Electrical Field Than do Defibrillation Shocks, Pacing and Car-
diovascular Electrophysiology, April 1994, Vol 17 #4 Pt.II.

Kroll MW
Defining the Dosage for Defibrillation: Energy vs. Effective Cur-
rent. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation,
Washington, DC, May 1994

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 52

Kroll MW; Brewer JE
Optimal Biphasic Phase Durations. European Journal of Cardiac
Pacing and Electrophysiology, June 1994, Vol 4, #2, Supp. 4.

Brewer JE; Kroll MW

Myocardial Transfer Impedances Show that the Shock Current is a
Better Indicator of the Tissue Electric Field than the Voltage. Euro-
pean Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, June 1994,
Vol 4, #2, Supp. 4.

Kroll MW; Brewer JE

Preconditioning Theory does not Explain the Action of the Single
Capacitor Biphasic Defibrillation Waveform. European Journal of
Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, June 1994, Vol 4, #2, Supp.
4.

Kroll MW
Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Dosage: The Use of Effective
Current to Compare Device Outputs. FDA Staff College, 8 Sept
1994.

Swerdlow CD; Kroll MW

How Important is Capacitor Size for Implantable Defibrillators?
Eighth Purdue Conference on Cardiac Defibrillation, American
Heart Journal, September 1994, Vol 128, #3.

Kroll MW
Meta-Analytical Validation of the Burping Hypothesis for the
Mechanism of the Single Capacitor Biphasic Defibrillation Wave-
form. Eighth Purdue Conference on Cardiac Defibrillation, Amer-
ican Heart Journal, September 1994, Vol 128, #3.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 53

Leonelli FM; Kroll MW; Brewer JE
Effect on Defibrillation Threshold of Optimized Biphasic Phase Du-
rations and Capacitor Size. 1995 Cardiostim Meeting, St. Peters-
burg, Russia.

Leonelli FM; Kroll MW; Brewer JE

Dependence of Defibrillation Threshold on Right Ventricular Coil
Length for Unipolar System. 1995 Cardiostim Meeting, St. Peters-
burg, Russia.

Brewer JE; Perttu JS; Brumwell D; Supino J; Adams T; Kroll MW

Dual Level Sensing Significantly Improves Automatic Threshold
Control for R-Wave Detection in Implantable Defibrillators. Pacing
and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, May 1995.

Swerdlow CD; Kass RM; Kroll MW; Brewer J

Average-Current Hypothesis for Ventricular Defibrillation in Hu-
mans: value of Strength-Inverse Duration Plot. Pacing and Cardio-
vascular Electrophysiology, April 1995, V18.

Kroll MW
Two Fundamental Challenges in the Modeling of Defibrillation
Waveforms. Invited Address, Duke Defibrillation Workshop, 1995.

Leonelli FM; Brewer JE; Kroll MW

A Small Capacitor Optimized Duration Waveform Has Lower
Thresholds Than the Presently Available Biphasic Waveform. Pac-
ing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, May 1995.

Leonelli FM; Brewer JE; Kroll MW

Dependence of Defibrillation Threshold on Right Ventricular Coil
Length for Active Can Electrode System. European Heart Journal,
August 1995.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 54

Leonelli F; Brewer J; Kroll MW; Adams T
"Defibrillation Thresholds with Optimized Durations and a Smaller
Capacitor in Active Can System." European Heart Journal 16 – 1995

Leonelli FM; Brewer J; Kroll MW

A Short Duration Small Capacitor Biphasic Waveform Has Lower
Thresholds Than the Clinically Available Biphasic Waveform. Pac-
ing and Clinical Electrophysiology, April 1995, V18.

Leonelli F; Brewer J; Kroll MW

Dependence of Defibrillation Threshold on Right Ventricular Coil
Length for Active Can Electrode System. European Journal of Car-
diology, August 1995.

Yamouchi Y; Mowrey K; Nadzam G; Kroll M; Brewer J; Donohoo A;

Wilkoff B; Tchou P
Large Voltage Changes at Phase Reversal Improves Defibrillation
Thresholds. Circulation, October 1995.

Yamanouchi Y; Mowrey K; Nadzam G; Hills D; Kroll M; Brewer J; Donohoo

A; Wilkoff B; Tchou P
Multipeaked Phase I Biphasic Defibrillation Waveform: A Com-
parison with Standard Waveform Used in Clinical Devices. Circu-
lation, October 1995.

Leonelli FM; Wang K; Garcia F; Patwardhan A; Brewer JE; Donohoo AM;

Kroll MW
"Improved Defibrillation with Timed Energy Steering." European
Heart Journal 17, 1996.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 55

Brewer JE; Perttu JS; Brumwell D; Supino J; Adams T; Kroll MW
"Dual Level Sensing Significantly Improves Automatic Threshold
Control for R-Wave Sensing in Implantable Defibrillators." Pacing
and Clinical Electrophysiology, April 1995, V18.

Yamanouchi Y; Mowrey KA; Nadzam GR; Hills DG; Kroll MW; Brewer JE;
Donohoo AM; Wilkoff BL; Tchou PJ
"Optimized First Phase Tilt Maximizes Voltage Kick in "Parallel-
Series" Biphasic Waveform." Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, February 1997.

Stanton MS; Love CJ; Mehdirad A; Duncan JL; Kroll MW

"Initial Clinical Results of a New ICD Using a Novel Small Capaci-
tor Biphasic Waveform." Journal of the American College of Cardi-
ology, February 1997.

Swerdlow CD; Brewer JE; Kass RM; Kroll MW

"Estimation of Optimal ICD Capacitance From Human Strength-
Duration Data." Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
February 1997.

John Swartz; James Hassett; Michael Bednarek; Karen Kelly; Mark Kroll
Burn Pulmonary Vein Isolation With A Virtual Circumferential
Electrode. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, April 1998 Vol.
21 No. 4.

John Swartz; James Hassett; Michael Bednarek; Michael Pikus; Mark Kroll
Saline Flow Rate Optimization With A Virtual Circumferential
Electrode For Pulmonary Vein Isolation. European Journal Of Car-
diac Pacing And Electrophysiology, June 1998

John Swartz; James Hassett; Michael Bednarek; Karen Kelly; Mark Kroll
Single Burn Pulmonary Vein Isolation with a Virtual Circumferen-
tial Electrode. European Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophys-
iology, June 1998

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 56

M Malik, SJ Ryan, MW Kroll, HH Hoium
Computer Simulation of Optimum Electrode Configuration for the
Induction of Noninvasive Wedensky Phenomenon in Man. Pro-
ceedings of Computers in Cardiology, 1999;26:209:212

K Hnatkova, MW. Kroll, SJ. Ryan, TM Munger, N Samniah, L Hegrenaes,

DG Benditt, M Stanton, O Rossvoll, HH. Hoium, M Malik
Wavelet Decomposition of Wedensky Modulated Electrocardio-
grams: Differences Between Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia
and Healthy Volunteers. Proceedings of Computers in Cardiology,
1999; 26:157-160

Katerina Hnatkova, David G. Benditt, Marek Malik, MD, Ole Rossvoll, Ste-
phen J. Ryan, Thomas M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Jorn Bathen,
Mark W. Kroll, Harold H. Hoium, Marshall S. Stanton
Wedensky Transthoracic Stimulation: Dose Response in Healthy
Volunteers and Ventricular Tachycardia Patients. (North American
Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, May 1999, Toronto, Can-
ada)

Katerina Hnatkova, Marek Malik, Mark W. Kroll, Thomas M. Munger,

Nemer Samniah, Lars Hegrenaes, , David G. Benditt, Marshall S. Stanton,
Ole Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium, Stephen J. Ryan
QRS Complex Alternans Detected By Wavelet Decomposition of
Signal Averaged Electrocardiograms: Differences Between Pa-
tients with Ventricular Tachycardia and Normal Healthy Volun-
teers. (North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology,
May 1999, Toronto, Canada)

Katerina Hnatkova, Marshall S. Stanton, Stephen J. Ryan, Marek Malik,

Thomas M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Jorn Bathen, Mark W. Kroll, David
G. Benditt, Ole Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium
Wedensky Phenomenon Within the Late Potential Region: Dose
Related Separation of Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia From
Healthy Controls. (North American Society of Pacing and Electro-
physiology, May 1999, Toronto, Canada)

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 57

Katerina Hnatkova, Marshall S. Stanton, Stephen J. Ryan, Marek Malik,
Thomas M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Jorn Bathen, Mark W. Kroll, David
G Benditt, Ole Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium
Wedensky Phenomenon and Cardiac Modulation: Dose Related
Separation of Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia From Healthy
Controls. (XIth World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing and Electro-
physiology, June 1999, Berlin, Germany)

Marek Malik, David G. Benditt, Katerina Hnatkova, Lars Hegrenaes, Step-

hen J. Ryan, Thomas M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Jorn Bathen, Mark W.
Kroll, Harold H. Hoium, Marshall S. Stanton
External Cardiac Modulation: Evidence of Wedensky Phenome-
non in Healthy Subjects and Ventricular Tachycardia Patients. XIth
World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, June
1999, Berlin, Germany

Katerina Hnatkova, Mark W. Kroll, Stephen J. Ryan, Marek Malik, Thomas

M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Lars Hegrenaes, David G. Benditt, Marshall
S. Stanton, Ole Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium
Wavelet Analysis of Subthreshold Cardiac Modulation in Healthy
Subjects and Ventricular Tachycardia Patients. XIth World Sympo-
sium on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, June 1999, Berlin,
Germany

Katerina Hnatkova, Marek Malik, Mark W. Kroll, Thomas M. Munger, Ne-

mer Samniah, Lars Hegrenaes, David G. Benditt, Marshall S. Stanton, Ole
Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium, Stephen J. Ryan
Wavelet Decomposition of QRS Complex Alternans: Differences
Between Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia and Normal
Healthy Volunteers. XIth World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing and
Electrophysiology, June 1999, Berlin, Germany

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 58

Katerina Hnatkova, David G. Benditt, Marek Malik, Ole Rossvoll, Stephen
J. Ryan, Thomas M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Jorn Bathen, Mark W. Kroll,
Harold H. Hoium, Marshall S. Stanton
Wedensky Transthoracic Modulation: Dose Response in Healthy
Volunteers and Ventricular Tachycardia Patients. XIth World Sym-
posium on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, June 1999, Berlin,
Germany

Marek Malik, David G. Benditt, Katerina Hnatkova, Lars Hegrenaes, Step-

hen J. Ryan, Thomas M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Jorn Bathen, Mark W.
Kroll, Harold H. Hoium, Marshall S. Stanton
External Cardiac Modulation: Evidence of Wedensky Phenome-
non in Healthy Subjects and Ventricular Tachycardia Patients. Eu-
ropean Society of Cardiology, August 1999, Barcelona, Spain

Katerina Hnatkova, Mark W. Kroll, Stephen J. Ryan, Marek Malik, Thomas

M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Lars Hegrenaes, David G. Benditt, Marshall
S. Stanton, Ole Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium
Wavelet Analysis of Subthreshold Cardiac Modulation in Healthy
Subjects and Ventricular Tachycardia Patients. European Society
of Cardiology, August 1999, Barcelona, Spain

Katerina Hnatkova, Marek Malik, Mark W. Kroll, Thomas M. Munger, Ne-

mer Samniah, Lars Hegrenaes, David G. Benditt, Marshall S. Stanton, Ole
Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium, Stephen J. Ryan
Wavelet Decomposition of QRS Complex Alternans: Differences
Between Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia and Normal
Healthy Volunteers. European Society of Cardiology, August 1999,
Barcelona, Spain

Katerina Hnatkova, Marshall S. Stanton, Stephen J. Ryan, Marek Malik,

Thomas M. Munger, Nemer Samniah, Jorn Bathen, Mark W. Kroll, David
G. Benditt, Ole Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium
Wedensky Cardiac Modulation: Dose Related Separation of Pa-
tients with Ventricular Tachycardia From Healthy Controls.(Euro-
pean Society of Cardiology, August 1999, Barcelona, Spain

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 59

M. Malik, M. Kroll, S. Ryan, H. Hoium
Optimum Electrode Configuration to Induce Non-Invasive
Wedensky Phenomenon in Man. Computers in Cardiology, No-
vember 1999, Hanover, Germany

K. Hnatkova, M.W. Kroll, S.J. Ryan, T.M. Munger, N. Samniah, L. Hegre-

naes, D.G. Benditt, M. Stanton, O. Rossvoll, H.H. Hoium, M. Malik
Wavelet Decomposition of Wedensky Modulated Electrocardio-
grams: Differences Between Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia
and Healthy Volunteers. Computers in Cardiology, November
1999, Hanover, Germany

Katerina Hnatkova, Mark W. Kroll, Stephen J. Ryan, Thomas M. Munger,

Nemer Samniah, Lars Hegrenaes, David G. Benditt, Marshall S. Stanton,
Ole Rossvoll, Harold H. Hoium, Marek Malik
Wedensky Modulated Signal Averaged Electrocardiograms Com-
bination of Time Domain and Wavelet Decomposition Parameters
for Identification of Ventricular Tachycardia Patients. Circulation,
October 1999, Atlanta, Georgia

Hamzei A, Mouchawar G, Badelt S, Zhang J, Kroll M, Fain E, Swerdlow

CD.
Three-capacitor multistep waveform lowers defibrillation thresh-
old. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 22:87, 1999

K Hnatkova, SJ Ryan, DG Benditt, O Rossvoll, TM Munger, N Samniah, J

Bathen, MS Stanton, MW Kroll, HH Hoium, M Malik
Reproducibility of Non-invasive Wedensky Modulation in Man is
Dependent on Number of Averaged Cardiac Cycles. North Amer-
ican Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, May 2000, Washing-
ton DC

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 60

Marek Malik, Steven J Ryan, Mark W Kroll, Harold H Hoium
Computer Simulation of Optimum Electrode Configuration for the
Induction of Non-invasive Wedensky Modulation in Man. North
American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, May 2000,
Washington DC

K. Hnatkova, S.J. Ryan, D.G. Benditt, O. Rossvoll, T.M. Munger, N. Sam-

niah, J. Bathen, M.S. Stanton, M.W. Kroll, H.H. Hoium, M. Malik
Reproducibility of non-invasive Wedensky modulation in man is
dependent on modulation energy but independent of modulation
moment. European Society of Cardiology, August/September
2000, Amsterdam, Netherlands

K Hnatkova, SJ Ryan, DG Benditt, O Rossvoll, TM Munger, N Samniah, J

Bathen, MS Stanton, MW Kroll, HH Hoium, M Malik
Stability of Non-invasive Wedensky Modulation in Man Depends
on Modulation Energy but not on Modulation Moment. Cardiostim,
June 2000, Nice, France

Marek Malik, Steven J Ryan, Mark W Kroll, Harold H Hoium

Optimum Electrode Configuration for the Induction of Non-inva-
sive Wedensky Modulation in Man: Computer Modeling Study.
Cardiostim, June 2000, Nice, France

Kroll MW
History of Pacing and Defibrillation. Invited Address, United States
Patent and Trademark Office, June 2001, Arlington, Virginia.

Kroll MW
Creativity and Invention. Invited Address, UCLA, November 2001,
2002, 2003, 2004. Los Angeles, California.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 61

Kroll, Mark W; Brewer, James E, and Ellenbogen, Kenneth A
Threshold Creep as a Possible Cause of Sudden Death in ICD Pa-
tients. Twelfth World Congress on Cardiac Pacing and Electrophys-
iology, Feb. 2003, Hong Kong.

Kroll MW
History of Pacing and Defibrillation. Invited Address, California
Polytechnical Institute. February 2003, San Luis Obispo, California.

Kroll MW
Medical Startup: Do’s and Don’ts. Invited Address: Caltech/MIT
Enterprise Forum. March 2003

Kroll MW
History of Pacing and Defibrillation. Invited Address, The Citadel,
March 2003 Charleston, South Carolina.

Kroll MW
Clinical Applications of Defibrillation Research. Invited Address,
University of Michigan Cardiac Electrophysiology Dept. 2003, 2004.

Kroll M, Lebel R, Suh A, Muntz AH.

Medical Devices: The Power of Small. Panel for the MIT Club
meeting at Caltech, Jan 2004.

Kroll MW.
Cardiac Concerns and the TASER Devices. TASER International
Tactical Conference, Las Vegas. Feb 2004.

Kroll MW
Clinical Applications of Defibrillation Research. Invited Address.
Stanford University Cardiac Electrophysiology Dept., Palo Alto, Cal-
ifornia, 2004.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 62

Karlheinz Seidel KH, MD, Chris Moulder, MS, Gabriel Mouchawar, PhD,
Christoph Stoeppler, MD, T. Becker, MD, T. Kleemann, MD., U.
Weise, MD, Mark Kroll, PhD
Stepped Defibrillation Waveform is More Efficient than the Bipha-
sic Waveform, Europace Supplements, Vol. 6, June 2004.

Kroll MW, Stoeppler C, Larsson B, Schaeken A, Mouchawar G, Moulder

C, Bailleul C
Beyond the Biphasic: The Next Step for DFT Reduction, Europace
Supplements, Vol.6, June 2004.

Kroll MW, Olson W, Karam R, Lathrop D, Zipes DP.

Sudden Cardiac Death: Where are we and where are we going in
the next 20 years? Gordon Research Conference: Cardiac Arrhyth-
mia Mechanisms. February 2005

Mark Kroll, James Sweeney, Charles Swerdlow.

Theoretical Considerations Regarding the Cardiac Safety of Law
Enforcement Electronic Control Devices. American Academy of
Forensic Sciences. Annual Meeting Feb 2006. Proceedings Vol XII
C18 pp 139-140.

Mark Kroll, James Sweeney, Dorin Panescu.

Analysis of Electrical Activation of Nerve and Muscle by TASER
CEWs. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Annual Meeting
Feb 2006. Proceedings Vol XII C22 pp 142-143.

Kroll MW, Seidl KH, Moulder C, Mouchawar G, Stoeppler C, Becker T,

Donges K, Kleeman T, Weise U, Anskey E, Burnett H, Denman RA.
Stepped Defibrillation Waveform Is Substantially More Efficient
Than The 50% Tilt Biphasic. JACC February 2006

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 63

 Kroll MW.
Clinical Applications of Defibrillation Research. Invited address, Cornell
University Cardiac Electrophysiology Dept. May 2006.

Boriani G, Kroll MW, Biffi M, Silvestri P, Martignani C, Valzania C, Diem-

berger I, Moulder C, Mouchawar G, Branzi A.
Plateau Waveform Shape Allows a Higher Patient Shock Energy
Tolerance. Heart Rhythm abstract issue 2006

Mark Kroll and Dorin Panescu.

Theoretical Considerations Regarding the Cardiac Safety of Law
Enforcement Electronic Control Devices. Bioelectromagnetic Soci-
ety 2006 Conf.

Kroll MW
The History and Future of Defibrillation Waveforms. Cardiostim
2006 and Europace Abstract Issue 2006.

Val-Mejias J. E., Gupta M. S., Kroll M. W.

Paradoxical Relationship between Defibrillation Threshold and
Shock Pulse Time Constant. Cardiostim 2006 and Europace Ab-
stract Issue 2006.

Seidl K., Kroll M.W., Mouchawar G, Becker T., Donges K., Kleemann T.,
Weise U., Moulder C., Stoeppler C., Umesan C.V., Martin P.T.,
Anskey E.J., Burnett H., Denman R.A.
Stepped Defibrillation Waveform Is More Efficient than the 50%
Tilt Biphasic. Cardiostim 2006 and Europace Abstract Issue 2006.

Boriani G, Edvardsson N, Kroll MW., Biffi M, Silvestri P, Martignani C,

Valzania C, Diemberger I, Poçi D, Moulder C, Mouchawar G,
Branzi A - Bologna, ITA
Plateau Waveform Shape Allows a Higher Patient Shock Energy
Tolerance. Cardiostim 2006 and Europace Abstract Issue 2006.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 64

Val-Mejias J. E., Gupta M. S., Kroll M. W.
Is There an Optimal Impedance for Internal Defibrillation? Cardi-
ostim 2006 and Europace Abstract Issue 2006.

Natarajan S, Henthorn R, Burroughs J, Esberg D, Zweibel S, Ross T, Kroll

MW, Gianola D
Prospective Comparison of Fixed Duration "Tuned" Vs. 50/50%
Fixed Tilt Defibrillation Waveforms. Cardiostim 2006 and Euro-
pace Abstract Issue 2006.

Panescu D, Mehra R, Kroll MW, Terry R.

Medical device development: An industry-academia joint ven-
ture? 28th Annual Intl Conf. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biol-
ogy Society 2006.

Dorin Panescu, Ph.D., Mark W. Kroll, Ph.D., Igor R. Efimov, Ph.D. and
James D. Sweeney, Ph.D
Finite Element Modeling of Electric Field Effects of TASER Devices
on Nerve and Muscle. 28th Annual Intl Conf. IEEE Engineering in
Medicine and Biology Society 2006.

Robert A. Stratbucker, M.D., Ph.D. , Mark W. Kroll, Ph.D. , Wayne

McDaniel, Ph.D. and Dorin Panescu, Ph.D.
Cardiac Current Density Distribution by Electrical Pulses from
TASER devices. 28th Annual Intl Conf. IEEE Engineering in Medicine
and Biology Society 2006.

Kroll MW.
Reply to comment on: Benefit of millisecond waveform duration
for patients with high defibrillation thresholds. Heart Rhythm. 2006
Sep;3(9):1114; author reply 1114. Epub 2006 Jul 8

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 65

Michael Gold, MD, PhD, Jesus Val-Mejias, MD, Robert B. Leman MD,
Rangarao Tummala, MD, Sanjeev Goyal, MD, Jeffrey Kluger, MD,
Mark Kroll, PhD, Ashish Oza, MS.
Effect of SVC Coil Usage and SVC Electrode Spacing on Defibril-
lation Thresholds. American Heart Association 2006 Scientific
Sessions Circulation Oct 2006.

Kroll MW.
Scientific Basis for the Cardiac Safety of Conducted Electrical
Weapons. 2006 Annual Seminar: Institute for the Prevention of In
Custody Death, Las Vegas. 17 Nov. 2006.

Keane D, Aweh N, Hynes B, Sheahan RG, Cripps T, Bashir Y, Zaidi A, Fahy

G, Lowe M, Doherty P, Kroll MK.
Achieving Sufficient Defibrillation Safety Margins with Fixed Du-
ration Waveforms and the Use of Multiple Time Constants. ACC
March 2007 e-Poster.

Gilman B, Kroll MW.

Electrically Induced Chest Constrictions During Ventricular Fi-
brillation Produce Blood Flow. JACC March 2007

Mark W. Kroll, PhD, Jeffrey D. Ho, MD,. Dorin Panescu, PhD, Sunnyvale,
CA. Igor R. Efimov, PhD, Richard M. Luceri, MD, Patrick J. Tchou,
MD, Hugh Calkins, MD.
Potential Errors in Autopsy Reports of Custodial Deaths Tempo-
rally Associated with Electronic Control Devices: A Cardiovascu-
lar Perspective. American Academy of Forensic Science Annual
Conference Feb 2007. Pp 284-285

Gilman, BL, Kroll, MW, Wang P, Berry, J, Kroll, K.

Electrically Induced Chest Constrictions Produce Blood Flow Dur-
ing Ventricular Fibrillation Via Thoracic-Only Pump Mechanism.
Heart Rhythm Society Annual Scientific Sessions. May 2007

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 66

Kroll MW.
Reply to comment on: Stepped Defibrillation Waveform Is Sub-
stantially More Efficient Than The 50% Tilt Biphasic. Heart Rhythm.
2007

Kroll MW.
Physiology and Pathology of Conducted Energy Weapons. Invited
Plenary Address: Bioelectromagnetic Society Annual Meeting
Kanazawa, Japan, June 2007.

Gold MR, Val-Mejias J, Leman RB, Kroll MW, Graumann R, Oza A.

Effect of Superior Vena Cava Coil Location and Shock Impedance
on Defibrillation Thresholds. Europace June 2007 Lisbon Portugal.

Kroll MW
Physiology and Pathology of Electronic Control Devices. 12th
Masters Conference on Advanced Death Investigation. July 24,
2007. St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO.

Kroll MW
Clinical Applications of Defibrillation Research. South Pacific Car-
diology Meeting. Hong Kong, August 13, 2007

Kroll MW.
Scientific Basis for the Safety of Conducted Electrical Weapons.
2007 Annual Seminar: Institute for the Prevention of In Custody
Death, Las Vegas. 28 Nov. 2007.

Kroll MW.
Clinical Applications of Defibrillation Research. Invited address,
New York University Cardiac Electrophysiology Dept. Jan 2008.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 67

Kroll MW.
Clinical Applications of Defibrillation Research. Invited address,
Brown University Cardiac Electrophysiology Dept. Feb 2008.

Kroll MW.
Scientific Basis for the TASER Weapon Cardiac Safety. Invited ad-
dress, Europäische Polizeitrainer-Fachkonferenz in Nurenberg,
Germany. March 2008.

Lakkireddy, DJ, Kroll MW, Tchou PJ, et al.

Can Electrical-Conductive Weapons (TASER®) alter the functional
integrity of pacemakers and defibrillators and cause rapid myo-
cardial capture? Heart Rhythm abstract issue May 2008.

Swerdlow CS, Kroll MW, Williams H, Biria M, Lakkireddy, DJ, Tchou PJ.
Presenting Rhythm in Sudden Custodial Deaths After Use of
TASER® Electronic Control Device. Heart Rhythm abstract issue
May 2008.

Lakkireddy, DJ, Kroll MW, Swerdlow, CS, Tchou PJ.

Cardiovascular Effects of Conductive Electrical Weapons
(TASER®): Is Drive Stun worse than the Barbed Application? Car-
diostim June 2008.

Swerdlow CS, Kroll MW, Williams H, Biria M, Lakkireddy, DJ, Tchou PJ.
Presenting Rhythm in Sudden Custodial Deaths After Use of
TASER® Electronic Control Device. Cardiostim June 2008

Mejias JE, Doshi, S, Pittaro, M, Kroll M, Oza, A

Effect Of High Voltage Shock Impedance On The Defibrillation Ef-
ficacy Of Different Membrane Time Constant Based Defibrillation
Waveforms. Cardiostim June 2008

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 68

Doshi, S, Mejias JE, Pittaro M, Reeves R, Boyce,K, Burroughs J, Cakulev I,
Kroll M, Oza, A
Efficacy Of Tuned Waveforms Based On Different Membrane Time
Constants On Defibrillation Thresholds: Main Results From The
Power Trial. Cardiostim June 2008

Mejias JE, Gupta MS, Kroll M,

An Inverse Relationship Between Shock Impedance And DFT In
Terms Of Delivered Charge Supports The Membrane Charging
Model Of Defibrillation. Cardiostim June 2008

Panescu D, Kroll M, Stratbucker, R.

Theoretical Possibility of Ventricular Fibrillation During Use of
TASER Neuromuscular Incapacitation Devices. IEEE EMBC Annual
Meeting, Vancouver August 2008.

Kroll M.
Medical Device Development Challenges. IEEE EMBC Annual
Meeting, Vancouver August 2008.

Gilman, BL, Brewer, JE, Kroll MW, Ristango G, Wang H, Shijiie S, Weil
MH.
Applying the Principles of Functional Stimulation to Electrical
CPR. American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2008.

Kroll MW, Panescu D, Brewer JE, Lakkireddy DJ, Graham MA

Weight Adjusted Meta-Analysis of Fibrillation Risk From TASER
Conducted Electrical Weapons. American Academy of Forensic
Science Proceedings 2009

Kroll MW
Idea Validation: The Big Company Perspective. Invited address:
Johns Hopkins Medical Device Conference. Nov 2008

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 69

 Kroll MW, Kroll RM, Wood EA, Koepp G, Stein G, Seaburg M, Levine JA.
Diastolic Blood Pressure Is A Strong Predictor Of Activity Energy
Expenditure. J American College Cardiology 2009. Abstract issue

Kroll MW, Panescu D, Brewer JE, Lakkireddy DJ, Graham M.

Meta-Analysis Of Fibrillation Risk From TASER® Conducted Elec-
trical Weapons as a Function of Body Mass. Heart Rhythm 2009 Ab-
stract AB20-1.

Cooper J, Kroll MW, Latacha MP, Chen J, Gleva MJ, Faddis MN, Smith TW.
Shock Impedance After Replacing the Superior Vena Cava Coil
With an Azygos Defibrillation Lead: Implications for Mechanism of
Improved Defibrillation Efficacy. Heart Rhythm 2009 Abstract
AB16-3.

Val-Mejias JE, Gupta MS, Kroll MW.

A higher shock impedance (SVC Coil OFF) provides a more effi-
cient defibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2009 Abstract PO04-124.

Val-Mejias JE, Gupta MS, Kroll MW.

How should Defibrillation Threshold be measured and compared?
Voltage, Energy, Current or Charge? Heart Rhythm 2009 Abstract
PO04-125.

Doshi SK, Val-Mejias JE, Pittaro M, Reeves R, Payne J, Henthorn R, Hong

M, Zweibel S, Kroll, MW, Graumann R, Oza, AL.
Do similar T-Shock and Rescue Shock Waveforms, When Altered,
Affect ULV based DFT Estimations? Heart Rhythm 2009 Abstract
PO06-130.

Val-Mejias JE, Doshi SK, Kroll, MW, Oza, AL, Shah S.

Is the Time Constant of the Cardiac Cell Membrane Affected by
Progression of Heart Disease? Heart Rhythm 2009 Abstract PO06-
142.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 70

Kroll, MW
Implantable devices - Achieve maximum safety at implant. Meet-
ing of European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on
Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 19 June 2009.

Kroll, MW
How do TASER Electronic Control Devices Actually Work? Illinois
Science Council Session on: The Body Electric, 29 June 2009.

Kroll, MW
The Future of Defibrillation Therapy. At “25 Years of ICD-Therapy
in Germany.” Mannheim, Germany. 25 Sept 2009

Moulder C, Kroll MW.

Plateau waveform reduces pain with and without pre-pulses. Heart
Rhythm Soc., 2010, Heart Rhythm abstract issue, 2010

Kroll MW
Implantable Defibrillator Transformers and High Voltage Circuits.
Invited Faculty Presentation, Heart Rhythm Soc., 2011

Kroll MW
The Electrophysiologist In Industry. Invited Faculty Presentation,
Heart Rhythm Soc., 2012

Swerdlow CD, Kroll MW, Kollman D, Seifert, G

Transmission Line Testing of ICD Leads, Heart Rhythm Society
2014

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 71

Graham MA, Karch SB, Wetli CV, Kroll, MW, Brave MA
Medical Examiner Collection of Comprehensive, Objective Med-
ical Evidence for Conducted Electrical Weapons and Their Tem-
poral Relationship to Sudden Arrest. National Association of Med-
ical Examiners 2014

Swerdlow CD, Kroll MW, Kollman D, Seifert G

High-Frequency Impedance Identifies Chronic Riata Leads with
Outer Insulation Breach but Intact Inner Insulation, Heart Rhythm
Society 2015

Kroll MW
The Science of Arrest-Related-Death. International Law Enforce-
ment Educators and Trainers Association. Chicago, USA. April
2015

Brave MA, Karch S, Kroll MW, Graham MA, Wetli C

Medical Examiner Collection of Comprehensive, Objective Med-
ical Evidence for CEWs and Their Temporal Relationship to Sud-
den Arrest. National Institute of Science And Technology. Interna-
tional Forensic Symposium On Error Management. July 2015

Kroll MW
Pathophysiological Aspects of Electroshock Weapons. Sympo-
sium at University of Salzburg, Austria. July 2015.

Kroll MW
Defibrillation Threshold Testing: Is it Still Relevant? Kansas City
Heart Rhythm Symposium. Kansas City, USA. August 2015

Kroll MW
The Basic Science of Defibrillation. Invited Address, United King-
dom Heart Rhythm Conference, Birmingham UK, Oct 2015

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 72

Ross D, Kroll MW, Brave M
Arrest-Related-Death. International Law Enforcement Educators
and Trainers Association. Chicago, USA. April 2016

Kroll MW
Clinical Applications of Defibrillation Research. Oxford Univer-
sity, April 2016.

Kroll MW
Real and Imagined Risk of Electrical Weapons. University of Salz-
burg Electroshock Weapon Symposium. Salzburg Austria. Dec
2016.

Brave MA, Kroll, MW, Karch SB, Wetli CV, Graham MA, Kunz SN,
Panescu D
Medical Examiner Collection of Comprehensive, Objective Med-
ical Evidence for Conducted Electrical Weapons and Their Tem-
poral Relationship to Sudden Arrest. ICFSC 2017: International
Conference on Forensic Science and Crime. London, UK Jan 2017.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Inter-
national Journal of Law and Political Sciences, 11(1) 2017

Kroll MW
Optimizing ICD implants for Heart Failure Patients. Japan Heart
Failure Annual conference. Feb 2017

Kroll MW
Electrical weapons and the investigation of arrest-related death.
Miami-Dade Police Use of Force in Today's World Conference.
June 2017.

Kroll MW
Ventricular fibrillation risk of short pulses. Did Green and Biegel-
meier miss something? IEC TC64MT4 Meeting, Dresden Ger-
many, March 2018.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 73

Kroll MW
Charge not energy: the risk of short pulses from electric cars to
electric fences. 3rd International Symposium “Electricity and
Safety in the 21st Century” – New Technologies, Applications and
Standards. Dresden, Germany (DGUV Congress) on Nov. 5-6,
2018.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 74

PAPERS AND MEDLINE INDEXED LETTERS:

Kroll MW; Fulton KW

"Slope Filtered Pointwise Correlation Dimension Algorithm and its
Evaluation with Pre-Fibrillation Heart Rate Data," Journal of Electro
cardiology, March 1992, Vol 24S

Kroll MW; Anderson KM; Supino CG; Adams TP

"Decline in Defibrillation Thresholds," Pacing and Cardiovascular
Electrophysiology, Jan. 1993, Vol 16 #1 Pt. II.

Kroll MW
"A Minimal Model for the Monophasic Defibrillation Pulse,” Pacing
and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, April 1993, Vol 16 #4.

Kroll MW
A Minimal Model of the Single Capacitor Biphasic Defibrillation
Waveform. Pacing and Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, Novem-
ber 1994 Vol 17 Pt. I.

Hoium H; Brewer JE; Kroll KC; Kroll MW; Kroll KJ

Use of Subthreshold Transcutaneous Stimulation as a Possible
Prognostic Test for Ventricular Tachycardia. European Journal of
Biomedical Engineering, June 1994, Vol 16, # 3/4.

Rist K; Tchou PJ; Mowrey K; Kroll MW; Brewer JE

Small Capacitors Improve the Biphasic Waveform. Journal of Car-
diovascular Electrophysiology, September 1994.

Brewer JE; Tvedt MA; Adams TP; Kroll MW

Low Voltage Shocks Have a Significantly Higher Tilt of the Internal
Electric Field Than Do High Voltage Shocks. Pacing and Cardio-
vascular Electrophysiology, January 1995, Vol 18, Pt. II

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 75

Leonelli FM; Wright H; Latterell ST; Nelson RS; Adams TP; Kroll MW
"A Long Thin Electrode Is Equivalent to a Short Thick Electrode for
Defibrillation in The Right Ventricle." Pacing Clinical Electrophys-
iology, January 1995.

Leonelli FM, Wright H, Brewer JE, Adams TP, Kroll MW

Woven wire patches are superior to solid disks for subcutaneous
electrodes: implications for active can defibrillation. Pacing Clini-
cal Electrophysiology January 1995.

Leonelli FM; Kroll MW, Brewer JE

"Defibrillation Thresholds Are Lower with Smaller Storage Capac-
itors." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, Sept 1995. Vol. 18.

Brewer JE; Perttu JS; Brumwell D; Supino J; Adams T; Kroll MW

Dual level sensing significantly improves automatic threshold
control for R wave sensing in implantable defibrillators. Pacing
Clinical Electrophysiology 1996 Dec;19(12 Pt 1)

Yamanouchi Y, Mowrey KA, Nadzam GR, Hills DG, Kroll MW, Brewer JE,
Donohoo AM, Wilkoff BL, Tchou PJ
Large change in voltage at phase reversal improves biphasic de-
fibrillation thresholds. Parallel-series mode switching. Circulation
1996 Oct 1;94(7)

Yamanouchi Y, Brewer JE, Mowrey KA, Kroll MW, Donohoo AM, Wilkoff
BL, Tchou PJ
Sawtooth first phase biphasic defibrillation waveform: A compari-
son with standard waveform in clinical devices Journal Cardiovas-
cular Electrophysiology 8 (5) (May 1997)

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 76

Swerdlow CD, Brewer JE, Kass RM, Kroll MW
Application of models of defibrillation to human defibrillation
data: implications for optimizing implantable defibrillator capaci-
tance. Circulation 1997 Nov 4;96(9):2813-2822

Yamanouchi Y, Mowrey KA, Kroll MW, Brewer JE, Donohoo AM, Wilkoff
BL, Tchou PJ
Optimized first phase tilt in "parallel-series" biphasic waveform.
Journal Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 1997 Jun;8(6)

Kroll MW, Brewer JE

Automated external defibrillators: design considerations. New
Horizons in Emergency Medicine 1997 May;5(2)

Mouchawar GA, Wolsleger WK, Doan PD, Causey JD 3rd, Kroll MW

Does an SVC electrode further reduce DFT in a hot-can ICD sys-
tem? Pacing Clinical Electrophysiology 1997 Jan;20(1 Pt 2)

Yamanouchi Y, Mowrey KA, Nadzam GR, Hills DG, Kroll MW, Brewer JE,
Donohoo AM, Wilkoff BL, Tchou PJ
Effects of polarity on defibrillation thresholds using a biphasic
waveform in a hot can electrode system. Pacing Clinical Electro-
physiology 1997 Dec;20(12 Pt 1)

Yamanouchi YY, Mowrey KA, Kroll MW, Brewer JE, Donohoo AM, Nie-
bauer MJ, Wilkoff BL, Tchou PJ
Effects of respiration phase on ventricular defibrillation threshold
in a hot can electrode system. Pacing Clinical Electrophysiology
1998 Jun;21(6)

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 77

Leonelli FM, Wang KE, King C, Brewer J, Donohoo AM, Kroll MW
Energy steering of biphasic waveforms using a transvenous three
electrode system.
Pacing Clinical Electrophysiology. 1999 Jun;22(6 Pt 1):849-54.

Mehdirad AA, Love CJ, Stanton MS, Strickberger SA, Duncan JL, Kroll
MW
Preliminary clinical results of a biphasic waveform and an RV lead
system.
Pacing Clinical Electrophysiology. 1999 Apr;22(4 Pt 1):594-9.

Malik, M., Ryan, S.J., Kroll, M.W. and Hoium, H.H.

Computer simulation of optimum electrode configuration for the
induction of noninvasive Wedensky phenomenon in man. In Com-
puters in Cardiology, 1999: 209-212

Hnatkova, K; Kroll, M. W.; Ryan, S. J.; Munger, T. M.; Samniah, N.; Hegre-
naes, L.; Benditt, D. G.; Stanton, M.; Bathen, J.; Rossvoll, O.; Hoium, H.
H.; Malik, M.
Wavelet decomposition of Wedensky modulated electrocardio-
grams : Differences between patients with ventricular tachycardia
and healthy volunteers. Computers in Cardiology. 1999:157-160.

Mouchawar G, Kroll M, Val-Mejias JE, Schwartzman D, McKenzie J, Fitz-

gerald D, Prater S, Catcher M, Fain E, Syed Z.
ICD waveform optimization: A randomized, prospective, pair-
sampled multimember study. Pacing Clinical Electrophysiology.
2000 Nov;23(11 Pt 2):1992-5.

Val-Mejias JE, Brewer, JE, Kroll MW

Efficient defibrillation with new asymmetric waveform, Cardi-
ostim 2001 Proceedings, Europace 2001; 589—594.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 78

Val-Mejias JE, Brewer, JE, Kroll MW
Capture threshold correlates with defibrillation threshold, Cardi-
ostim 2001 Proceedings, Europace 2001; 595—600

Kroll MW
Waveform Flexibility: The Present and Future Solution for Clini-
cally Effective Defibrillation, Cardiac Arrhythmias 2003. 2004, pp
519-526.

Boriani G, Biffi M, Silvestri P, Martignani C, Valzania C, Diemberger I,

Moulder C, Mouchawar G, Kroll M, Branzi A.
Mechanisms of Pain Associated with Internal Defibrillation
Shocks: Results of a Randomized Study of Shock Waveform, Heart
Rhythm, July 2005

Denman RA, Umesan C, Martin PT, Forbes RN, Kroll MW, Anskey EJ, Bur-
nett HE.
Benefit of millisecond waveform durations for patients with high
defibrillation thresholds. Heart Rhythm. 2006 May;3(5):536-41.

Kroll MW, Efimov IR, Tchou PJ

Present Understanding of Shock Polarity For Internal Defibrilla-
tion: The Obvious and Non-obvious Clinical Implications. PACE
Aug 2006;29 :1-7

Karlheinz Seidl, Russell A. Denman, J. Christopher Moulder, Gabriel

Mouchawar, Christoph Stoeppler, Torsten Becker, Udo Weise,
Emma J. Anskey, Helen E. Burnett, Kroll MW
Stepped Defibrillation Waveform Is Substantially More Efficient
Than The 50% Tilt Biphasic. Heart Rhythm December 2006

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 79

Keane D, Aweh N, Hynes B, Sheahan RG, Cripps T, Bashir Y, Zaidi A, Fahy
G, Lowe M, Doherty P, Kroll MK.
Achieving Sufficient Defibrillation Safety Margins with Fixed Du-
ration Waveforms and the Use of Multiple Time Constants. PACE
2007 May;30(5):596-602.

Kroll MW, Calkins H, Luceri RM.

Electronic control devices and the clinical milieu. J Am Coll Car-
diol. 2007 Feb 13;49(6):732; author reply 732-3

Natarajan S, Henthorn R, Burroughs J, Esberg D, Zweibel S, Ross T, Kroll

MW, Gianola D, Oza A
"Tuned" Defibrillation Waveforms Outperform 50/50% Tilt Defib-
rillation Waveforms. PACE 2007; 30:S139–S142

Boriani, G, Edvardsson N, Biffi, M Silvestri P, Martignani C, Valzania C,

Diemberger I, Moulder C, Mouchawar G, Poci D, Branzi A, and
Kroll MW,
Plateau Waveform Shape Allows a Much Higher Shock Energy Tol-
erance in AF Patients. J Cardiovascular Electrophysiology May 14,
2007

Kroll MW, Swerdlow CD

Optimal Waveforms for ICDs. Journal of Interventional Cardiac
Electrophysiology 2007 Apr;18(3):247-63.

Stratbucker RA, Kroll MW, McDaniel W, Panescu D.

Cardiac Current Density Distribution by Electrical Pulses from
TASER devices. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;1:6305-7.

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Efimov IR, Sweeney JD.

Finite Element Modeling of Electric Field Effects of TASER Devices
on Nerve and Muscle. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.
2006;1:1277-9.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 80

Kroll MW, Luceri RM, Calkins H.
A very interesting case study involving a TASER Conducted Elec-
trical Weapon (CEW) used on a patient with a pacemaker. J Car-
diovasc Electrophysiol. 2007 Dec;18(12):E29-30

Kroll MW.
Crafting the Perfect Shock. Spectrum 2007;44(12):27-30.

Kroll MW.
Der Perfekte Schock. (German translation of Spectrum article)
Polizeitrainer Magazin 2008;11:9-15.

Gold MR, Val-Mejias J, Leman RB, Tummala R, Royal S, Kluger J, Kroll

MW, Oza A.
Optimization of superior vena cava coil position and usage for
transvenous defibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2008 Mar;5(3):394-9.

Kroll MW, Calkins H, Luceri RM, Graham MA, Heegaard WG.

Sensitive Swine and TASER Electronic Control Devices. Academic
and Emergency Medicine 2008; 15(7):695-696.

Kroll MW, Calkins H, Luceri RM, Graham MA, Heegaard WG.

TASER Electronic Control Devices: Review of a Review. CMAJ
epub 2 July 2008. http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/eletters/178/11/1451

Kroll MW, Calkins H, Luceri RM, Graham MA, Heegaard WG.

Electronic Control Devices. CMAJ epub July 2008.
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/179/4/342-b

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 81

Kroll MW.
Physiology and Pathology of TASER® Electronic Control Devices.
J Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2009;16:173-177.

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Stratbucker RA.

Theoretical possibility of ventricular fibrillation during use of
TASER neuromuscular incapacitation devices. Proceedings EMBC
2008;1:5671-5674

Kroll MW.
Idiot-Proofing the AED. (Automatic External Defibrillators) Spec-
trum Nov 2008.

Wang H, Tang W, Tsai M-S, Sun S, Gilman B, Li Y, Castillo C, Kroll, MW,

Guan J, Brewer JE, Weil MH
Transthoracic Application of Electrical CPR for Treatment of Car-
diac Arrest. Critical Care Medicine Nov 2008;36(11):S458-S466.

Wang H, Tang W, Tsai M-S, Sun S, Li Y, Gilman B, Kroll, MW, Guan J,

Brewer JE, Weil MH
Coronary Blood Flow Produced By Muscle Contractions Induced
By Intracardiac Electrical CPR During Ventricular Fibrillation.
PACE 2009;32S1:223-227.

Gold MR, Kroll, MW, Ellenbogen K

ICD Implant Strategy: Are we Asking the Wrong Question? PACE
2009;32:567-569.

Dawes DM, Ho JD, Kroll MW, Miner JR

Electrical Characteristics of an Electronic Control Device Under a
Physiologic Load: A Brief Report. PACE 2010;33(3):330-336.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 82

Gilman B, Brewer JE, Kroll, MW
Medical Device Design Process. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.
2009;1:5609-12

Vanga SR, Kroll MW, Swerdlow CD, Lakkireddy DJ.

TASER Conducted Electrical Weapons and Implanted Pacemak-
ers and Defibrillators. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.
2009;1:3199-204.

Kroll MW, Carver M, Kroll RM, Hinz AF.

Cardiac Effects of Varying Pulse Charge and Polarity of TASER®
Conducted Electrical Weapons. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.
2009;1:3195-8.

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Stratbucker R.

Medical safety of TASER conducted energy weapon in a hybrid 3-
point deployment mode. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.
2009;1:3191-4.

Gilman B, Kroll MW, Brewer JE.

Medium Voltage Therapy for Preventing and Treating Asystole
and PEA in ICDs. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;1:4623-
5.

Kroll MW
Four-Terminal Impedance Monitoring of Cardiac Output: An Ele-
gant Clinical Application of A Classical Engineering Trick. Euro-
pace 2010;12(5):616-617.

Kroll MW, Schwab, J

Achieving Low Defibrillation Thresholds at Implant: Pharmacolog-
ical influences, RV coil polarity and position, SVC coil usage and
positioning, pulse width settings, and the azygous vein. J Cardio-
vascular Pharmacology Epub: Jun 30 2010

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 83

Vanga SR, Bommana S, Kroll, MW, Becker S, Lakkireddy D
Impedance Changes on Defibrillation Coils After Superior Vena
Cava Isolation in a Patient with Atrial Fibrillation: Lead Damage or
Electromechanical Interference? Pacing and Clinical Electrophys-
iology. 2010 epub doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02927.x

Biria M, Bommana SR, Kroll MW, Lakkireddy DJ

Multi-System Interactions of Conducted Electrical Weapons
(CEW) – A Review. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2010:1266-
1270.

Kroll MW, Panescu D, Hinz AF, Lakkireddy D.

A Novel Mechanism for Electrical Currents Inducing Ventricular
Fibrillation: The Three-Fold Way to Fibrillation. Conf Proc IEEE
Eng Med Biol Soc. 2010:1990-1996.

Kroll MW.
To the Editor-End of the apex era? Heart Rhythm. 2011
Mar;8(3):e9-10

Kong X, Chbat N, Haemmerich D, Kroll M, Panescu D.

Innovative Engineering Solutions. IEEE Pulse. 2011 Jan-
Feb;2(1):34-38.

Walcott G, Kroll M, Ideker R.

Ventricular Fibrillation Threshold of Rapid Short Pulses. Conf Proc
IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011: Aug;2011:271-7.

Kroll M, Lakkireddy D, Rahko P, Panescu D.

Ventricular Fibrillation Risk Estimation for Conducted Electrical
Weapons: Critical Convolutions. 2011: Aug;2011:255-8.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 84

Kroll MW, Dawes DM, Heegaard WG.
TASER electronic control devices and eye injuries. Doc Ophthal-
mol. 2012 Apr;124(2):157-9

Conelius J, DeForge W, Pittaro M, Kroll M.

Programming of the Individual Phases of the Defibrillation Wave-
form to Achieve an Adequate Defibrillation Safety Margin: Utiliza-
tion of a Surrogate Cardiac Membrane Time Constant. EP Lab Di-
gest. 2012 March:26-27.

Kroll M.
Realities of Biomedical Product Liability Suits and the Role of Junk
Science: From Breast Implants to TASER Weapons. IEEE Pulse.
2012 Sep;3(5):27-32.

Kroll M, Walcott GP, Ideker RE, Graham MA, Calkins H, Lakkireddy D,

Luceri RM, Panescu D
The Stability of Electrically Induced Ventricular Fibrillation EMBS
Proceedings. 2012; 34:6377-6383.

Kroll M, Fish R, Calkins H, Halperin H, Lakkireddy D, Panescu D.

Defibrillation Success Rates for Electrically-Induced Fibrillation:
Hair of the Dog. EMBS Proceedings. 2012; 34:689-693.

Kroll M, Fish R, Lakkireddy D, Luceri R, Panescu D.

Essentials of Low-Power Electrocution: Established and Specu-
lated Mechanisms. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2012;
34:5734-5740.

Doshi SK, Pittaro MD, Reeves R, Boyce K, Payne JP, Kroll MW, et al.
Efficacy of Tuned Waveforms Based on Different Membrane Time
Constants on Defibrillation Thresholds: Primary Results from the
POWER Trial. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012. Oct;35(10):1253-
61.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 85

Kroll MW
Response to Irnich letter re Efficacy of Tuned Waveforms. Pacing
Clin Electrophysiol 2013 Apr;36(4):535.

Panescu D, Nerheim M, Kroll MW

Electrical Safety of Conducted Electrical Weapons Relative to Re-
quirements of Relevant Electrical Standards. Conf Proc IEEE Eng
Med Biol Soc. 2013. 35: 5342-5347.

Kroll MW.
Arrest-Related Death: Evidence Collection. ResearchGate [Tech-
nical Report]. 2013; 18 May 2013:1-9. Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262639672_Arrest-
Related_Death_Evidence_Collection.

Kroll M, Lakkireddy D, Stone J, Luceri R.

TASER® electronic control devices and cardiac arrests: Coinci-
dental or causal? Circulation. 2014;129:93-100.

Criscione JC, Kroll MW.

Incapacitation recovery times from a conductive electrical
weapon exposure. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2014. 10(2):203-207

Kroll MW, Lakkireddy DR, Stone JR, Luceri RM.

Response to letter regarding article, "TASER electronic control
devices and cardiac arrests: coincidental or causal?" Circulation.
2014 Nov 4;130(19):e168.

Kollmann DT, Swerdlow CD, Kroll MW, Seifert GJ, Lichter PA.
ICD Lead Failure Detection through High Frequency Impedance.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014. 36: 6487-6492.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 86

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Iverson C, Brave MA.
The Sternum as an Electrical Shield. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol
Soc. 2014;36:4464-4470.

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Brave MA.

Transthoracic Cardiac Stimulation Thresholds for Short Pulses.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014;36:4471-4474.

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Brave MA.

Limitations of Animal Electrical Cardiac Safety Models. Conf Proc
IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014;36:6483-6486.

Walcott GP, Kroll MW, Ideker RE.

Ventricular Fibrillation: Are Swine a Sensitive Species? J Interven-
tional Cardiac Electrophysiology. 2015. 42(2):83-89.

Irnich W, Kroll MW
A Novel Model of Electrostimulation Based on the Membrane Ca-
pacitance as Electro-Mechanical Transducer for Pore Gating. Pac-
ing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 2015 doi:
10.1111/pace.12573.

MW Kroll
Conducted Electrical Weapon Drive-Stun Mode: Skin Rub vs. In-
jection. Technical Note, 2015. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.2488.2724

MW Kroll
Baseball, Poison, and Soup Recipes: The TASER Trio of Popular
Myths. Technical Note, pp. 1-3, 1 March 2015 DOI:
10.13140/RG.2.1.3348.4320.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 87

MW Kroll
Significance of Sound During CEW Application," Technical Re-
port, pp. 1-3, 2013. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.2262.9925

Dorin Panescu, Mark Kroll, Chris Andrews, Hugh Pratt

Transthoracic Ventricular Fibrillation Charge Thresholds. Conf
Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;37:7208-7213.

Dorin Panescu, Mark Kroll, Michael Brave

Cardiac Fibrillation Risks with TASER Conducted Electrical Weap-
ons. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;37:323-329

Daniel Kollmann, Charles Swerdlow, Mark Kroll, Gregory John Seifert,

Patrick Lichter, Daniel Hedin, Dorin Panescu
ICD Lead Failure Detection in Chronic Soaked Leads. Conf Proc
IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;37 5667-5671.

Mark W Kroll, Peter E. Perkins, Dorin Panescu

Electric Fence Standards Comport with Human Data and AC Lim-
its. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;37:1343-1348

Kroll M. A Brief Primer on Cardiac Arrest Rhythms ResearchGate [Tech-

nical Report]. 2015; 30 May 2015:1-9. Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publica-
tion/316524318_A_Brief_Primer_on_Cardiac_Arrest_Rhythms.

Kroll MW
Please do not confuse ICD testing with ICD optimization. Cardiac
Rhythm News. Dec 2015. Invited Paper. http://www.cxvascu-
lar.com/crn-features/cardiac-rhythm-news---features/in-the-ab-
sence-of-testing-icd-optimisation-should-always-be-done

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 88

Pittaro M, DeForge W, Kroll MW
Defibrillation safety margin testing with a modified upper limit of
vulnerability utilizing a single, electrogram derived coupling in-
terval. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016; 39(7):652-7

Mark W. Kroll, Mollie B. Ritter, Richard A. Guilbault, Dorin Panescu

Infection Risk From Conducted Electrical Weapon Probes. Journal
of Forensic Sciences 2016: Jul 18. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029

Kroll MW, Luceri RM, Lakireddy D, Calkins H

Do TASER Electrical Weapons Electrocute? Canadian Journal of
Cardiology. 2016 doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.030

Karch SB, Brave MA, Kroll MW

On positional asphyxia and death in custody. Med Sci Law. 2016
Jan;56(1):74-5.

Kroll MW, Adamec J, Wetli CV, Williams HE

Fatal traumatic brain injury with electrical weapon falls. Journal of
Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2016;43:12-19.

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Brave MA

Current Distribution in Tissues with Conducted Electrical Weap-
ons Operated in Drive-Stun Mode. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol
Soc. 2016;38:5241-5245.

Brave MA, Lakkireddy DJ, Kroll MW, Panescu D

Validity of the Small Swine Model for Human Electrical Safety
Risks. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2016;38:2343-2348.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 89

Kroll MW
Misunderstanding the Trigger-pull Download. Oct 2016.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321339912_Misun-
derstanding_the_Trigger-pull_Download

Kroll MW, Still GK, Neuman TS, Graham MA, Griffin L.

Acute forces required for fatal compression asphyxia: A biome-
chanical model and historical comparisons. Medicine, Science,
and the Law. 57(2):61-68.

Griffin LV, Kroll MW.

Rib-cage strength calculator. 2016; https://www.re-
searchgate.net/publication/311518699_Rib-cage_strength_cal-
culator.

Kroll MW, Ritter MB, Williams HE

Fatal and Non-Fatal Burn Injuries with Electrical Weapons and Ex-
plosive Fumes. J Forensic & Legal Medicine. 2017;50:6-11.

Varma N, Schaerf R, Kalbfleisch S, Pimentel R, Kroll MW, Oza A.

Defibrillation thresholds with right pectoral implantable cardio-
verter defibrillators and impact of waveform tuning (the Tilt and
Tune trial). Europace. 2017;19(11):1810-1817.

Kroll MW
Positional, Compression, and Restraint Asphyxia: A Brief Review.
Technical Note: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29179.31527

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Brave MA

New Conducted Electrical Weapons: Finite Element Modeling of
Safety Margins. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2017;39: 2170 –
2176.

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 90

Panescu D, Kroll MW, Brave MA
New Conducted Electrical Weapons: Thoracic Cage Shielding Ef-
fects. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2017;39: 2191-2196.

Panescu D, Nerheim M, Kroll MW, Brave MA

New Conducted Electrical Weapons: Electrical Safety Relative to
Relevant Standards. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2017;39:
2185 – 2190.

Luceri RM, Kroll MW, Calkins H, Halperin H.

Commentary on: Gibbons J, Mojica A, Peele M. Human electrical
muscular incapacitation and effects on QTc interval. J Forensic Sci-
ences. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13490. Epub 2017 April 17.

Kroll MW
A new study looks at the cognitive effects of electronic control vs.
physical exertion and alcohol. PoliceOne Jan 2018. Invited Re-
view.

Kroll MW, Ritter MB, Kennedy EA, Silverman N, Shinder R, Brave MA,
Williams HE.
Eye Injuries from Electrical Weapon Probes: Incidents, Preva-
lence, and Legal Implications. J Forensic & Legal Medicine. 2018
Feb 14;55:52-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.02.013.

Kunz S, Adamec J, Calkins H, Kroll MW.

Adrenergic and Metabolic Effects of Electrical Weapons: Review
and Meta-analysis of Human Data. International J Legal Medicine.
19 Jan 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1771-2

Kunz S, Adamec J, Calkins H, Kroll MW.

Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Effects of Electrical Weapons: A Re-
view of Human and Animal Studies. Under review

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 91

Kroll MW, Ritter MB, Kennedy EA, Silverman N, Shinder R, Brave MA,
Williams HE.
Eye Injuries from Electrical Weapon Probes: Mechanisms & Treat-
ment. Under Review

Chiles BC, Nerheim MH, Brave MA, Panescu D, Kroll MW.

Electrical Weapon Charge Delivery with Arcing. Under Review

Kroll Curriculum Vitae 26-Mar-18 Page 92