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Eagle Point Software wishes to thank the following people for their efforts in the
development of General Section Properties:
Dave Buettner Janet Kiefer
Anna Heil Eric Silver
Dan Horn Carly Sutter
Copyright © August, 1997 by Eagle Point Software. All rights reserved.
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
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program package.
GENERAL
SECTION TA B L E
PROPERTIES OF

CONTENTS
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Minimum System Requirements . . . . . . . .2
Input and Output Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Solution Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Area and Line Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Reinforced Concrete Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Problem Size Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Keyboard Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
3 Section File Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Editing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Wide Flange Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Channel Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Single and Double Angles . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Tee Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Round Pipe Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Structural Tubing Sections . . . . . . . . . . .18
Reinforced Concrete Sections . . . . . . . . .19
User Defined Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Standard Timber Sections . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Timber I-Beam Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Section Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section Data Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
View Section Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
4 Calculating Section Properties . . . . . . .29
General Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Table of Contents i
 Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
General Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Triangle (Base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Triangle (Apex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Existing Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Reinforced Concrete Sections . . . . . . . . 41
Lineal Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Composite Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Existing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
General Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Inactivate and Reactivate Parts . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Plot Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Output Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Inserting Custom Sections Into a
Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5 Program Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Section File Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
General Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Lineal Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Composite Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

6 Example Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

ii General Section Properties

INTRODUCTION
In this chapter:
CHAPTER
Minimum System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Input and Output Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Solution Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Chapter 1: Introduction 1
 Section File Editor and General Section Properties allows you to create and
manipulate databases containing various structural shapes. A complete database of
structural steel shapes comes standard with the program. This database conforms to the
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Manual of Steel Construction LRFD First
Edition.
The program also contains graphics capabilities to display a user-defined shape on the
screen or plot the shape to the printer or plotter.
The general section properties portion of the program allows you to define one of five
major section types:
➥ General Elements
➥ Line Elements
➥ Reinforced Concrete Elements
➥ Existing Shapes
➥ Composite Sections
The general elements may be a rectangle, triangle, circular sector or any general shape.
The line elements may be a straight line, circular arc or any general line shape.
The program calculates the centroidal axis location, moments of inertia, radius of gyration
and section moduli in the two perpendicular directions, as well as the product of inertia.
The reinforced concrete section calculates the gross, uncracked transformed and cracked
section moments of inertia and the cracking moment for normal or lightweight concrete.
The program may be loaded directly from the operating system by typing gs1.
The program may also be loaded indirectly from the Master Menu program.
Please also refer to the Master Menu Guide.

Minimum System Requirements

Op System: MS-DOS, PC-DOS version 2.1 or higher
Memory: 640K RAM memory, 512K RAM free memory.
Disk Drive: 20 MB Hard Disk System.
8087/287/387: Optional, programs will make use of the co-processor if it is installed.

2 General Section Properties

 Chapter 1: Introduction
Input and Output Synopsis
1. Input Data:
For each area or line element
A. Type of element
B. Dimensions (or properties) of element and the location of elements in second
direction, if desired.
For general elements
A. Distance to top and bottom fibers
B. Area
C. Moment of inertia
D. Product of inertia
For reinforced concrete elements
A. Concrete strength
B. Unit weight, if lightweight concrete
C. Tensile splitting strength, if lightweight concrete Dimension, and location of each
element
D. Area and location of all steel elements
2. Output
Area and line properties
Table of element dimensions, properties and locations area or length
A. Moment of inertia
B. Centroidal location
C. Radius of gyration
D. Section moduli
E. Product of inertia
Reinforced concrete
Table of element dimensions, properties and locations; Gross moment of inertia,
centroid and cracking moment; Uncracked transformed moment of inertia and its
centroid; Cracked transformed moment of inertia and its centroid.

Chapter 1: Introduction 3
Solution Procedures
As a general rule, the program does not check if parts overlap or if parts are disconnected
from the section.

Area and Line Elements

The analysis procedure involves obtaining the various properties for each part of a
composite area or lineal member about the x and y-axes. A “part” may be either one of the
specific elements’ shapes available or a “general” element. The general element may be
any standard space (e.g., wide flange, double tees, hollow core slabs) or any shape for
which section properties are known. Any length unit may be established (feet, inches,
centimeters, etc.) as specified by you.
The centroidal axis for each part and the centroidal axis of the composite area or lineal
member is located with respect to the reference axes. The centroidal moment of inertia of
each part and of the composite area or lineal member is calculated and shown on the
output.
A table lists the part number, element type, the depth and width parameters that were
input. It also includes the area or length of each part, as well as the centroidal moment of
inertia and centroidal location of each part. The composite area or length and its centroidal
moment of inertia, location and radius of gyration are also output. In addition, the section
moduli with respect to the top and bottom fiber of the composite area or length are given.
The top and bottom fiber locations are computed automatically for the specific element
shapes.
The top and bottom fiber locations must be input for the general shape. The extreme fiber
locations are then found and used to compute the section moduli. (It is possible to obtain
an incorrect section modulus value if an extreme fiber location is established by a
particular part and then all or a portion of the part is removed by algebraically adding a
negative area.)
Area elements may be used to obtain properties of sections composed of different
materials. The width of the specific elements, or the area and moment of inertia of the
general elements, can be modified to reflect the different moduli of elasticity.
The properties of bolt groups may be obtained by using area elements or by using the
general element type with its appropriate area and a zero moment of inertia.
Line elements may be used to determine the properties of light gage sections and the
properties of weld groups subject to eccentric loads. With lineal elements, it should be
noted that the moment of inertia values given have units of length to the third power.

4 General Section Properties

 Chapter 1: Introduction
Reinforced Concrete Elements
The gross moment of inertia of a concrete cross-section composed of rectangles is
evaluated in the same manner as outlined for line and area elements. The top of the
section is always considered to be the compression face of the section.
The cracking moment is computed using the section modulus to the tensile face of the
gross section and the modulus of rupture as prescribed in Chapter 9 of ACI 318-83. The
program considers lightweight concrete as well as normal weight concrete.
The moment of inertia of the section prior to cracking (uncracked transformed moment of
inertia) is calculated assuming that the reinforcement is always embedded in the concrete.
That is, the transformed area of the steel is obtained by taking the modular ratio minus 1
times the steel area.
In computing the cracked section moment of inertia, the reinforcement area is multiplied
by (n-1) if the reinforcement is in the compression zone and by n if the reinforcement is in
the tensile zone (n is the modular ratio.) All concrete in tension is considered cracked and
is thus ignored as is customary in calculating cracked section properties (see Reinforced
Concrete Design by Wang and Salmon).

Problem Size Limits

A maximum of 100 elements per section can be handled by the calculate section
properties portion of the program.
A maximum of 1600 sections may be input into a section database file.

Chapter 1: Introduction 5
6 General Section Properties
KEYBOARD
DEFINITIONS CHAPTER

Chapter 2: Keyboard Definitions 7

 When using SES menus or filling out SES forms, certain keys, not otherwise described,
can be used to facilitate data entry.

Keyboard Definitions

Option Function
Space bar/Tab key Used to move down in a menu. When at the last option, the cursor will
pop back to the top.

Arrow keys Move up, down, left and right within the menu.

Backspace Move up in the menu. When at the first option, the cursor will pop to the
last option.

First letter of option If you press the first letter of a displayed option, the cursor will then pop to
that option.

Escape Exit current menu to previous menu.

Return/Enter Choose current option and exit menu.

Down cursor/Tab key Move to next field or form.

Up cursor Move to previous field or form.

Left cursor/Backspace Move left in the field.

Right cursor Move right in the field.

Escape Delete the current field and exit form. (Conditional)

Return/Enter Exit the form.

Delete field/CTRL A Delete the current field, stay in field.

8 General Section Properties

SECTION FILE
EDITOR CHAPTER
In this chapter:
Editing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Wide Flange Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Channel Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Single and Double Angles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Tee Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Round Pipe Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Structural Tubing Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3
Reinforced Concrete Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
User Defined Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Standard Timber Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Timber I-Beam Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Section Modifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Section Data Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
View Section Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 9

 The General Sections Properties program can be loaded through the Master Menu by
selecting Section File Editor as shown below.

Figure 3-1 Master Menu

The Section File Editor Options menu, shown below, appears.

Figure 3-2 Section File Editor Options Menu

10 General Section Properties

Editing a File
If you chose the Edit a File option from the Section File Editor Options menu, the Editing
Options screen appears, as shown below:

Chapter 3: Section File

Editor
Figure 3-3 Editing Options Screen

At this point the program is asking for the path and file name to be edited. The file must
already exist before it can be edited.

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 11

 After you have entered the name of the file to edit, the Editing Options menu, shown
below, appears:

Figure 3-4 Editing Options Menu

If you choose View Section Index, you will be able to browse the index of section names
that are contained in the database.

Figure 3-5 View Section Index Screen

If you choose any of the other editing options, the Add a Section screen (Figure 3-6 on
page 13) will appear:

12 General Section Properties

 Figure 3-6 Add a Section Screen

Each section name is given a designation consisting of a one or two character letter

Chapter 3: Section File

designator and up to four numeric fields separated by an X. Upper or lower characters
may be used and blank spaces are ignored (w 12 x 16 would be translated to W12X16).

Editor
Once you have entered a section designation, the program branches to one of eight
different subroutines depending upon the type of section entered. Please refer to Section
Data Definitions on page 25 for a listing of the variables used in the following input forms.

Wide Flange Sections

Input for wide flange type sections (W,M,S and HP shapes) consists of the Wide Flange
Section screens (Figure 3-7 and Figure 3-8 on page 14):
Ex: Wide Flanges W12x26
“W” for wide flange, 12 is the nominal depth and 26 is the nominal weight of the section.

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 13

 Figure 3-7 Wide Flange Section Area Screen

Figure 3-8 Wide Flange Section Ratio Screen

Channel Sections
Input for channel sections (C and MC shapes) consists of the Channel Section screens
(Figure 3-9 and Figure 3-10 on page 15):
Ex: Channels C15x50

14 General Section Properties

“C” for channel, 15 is the nominal depth and 50 is the nominal weight. MC would be
entered for miscellaneous channels.

Chapter 3: Section File

Figure 3-9 Channel Section Area Screen

Editor

Figure 3-10 Channel Section Ratio Screen

Please refer to Chapter 5, Program Definitions or the AISC Manual of Steel Construction
for a definition of these various terms.

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 15

Single and Double Angles
Input for angle sections (L and 2L shapes) consists of the Single and Double Angles
screen, shown below:
Ex: Single Angles L6x4x.5
“L” for angle, 6 is the vertical leg, 4 is the horizontal leg and .5 is the leg thickness.
Ex: Double Angles 2L6x4x.5
“2L” for double angle, 6 is the vertical leg, 4 is the horizontal leg, .5 is the leg thickness. An
optional 5th argument is “x.375” or “x.75” to indicate a back to back dimension (distance
between vertical legs).

Figure 3-11 Single and Double Angles Screen

Please refer to Chapter 5, Program Definitions or the AISC Manual of Steel Construction
for a detailed definition of these various terms.

Tee Sections
Input for tee sections (WT, ST and MT shapes) consists of the Tee Sections screens
(Figure 3-12 and Figure 3-13 on page 17):
Ex: Tees WT15x74

16 General Section Properties

"WT" for tee, 15 is the nominal depth and 74 is the nominal weight. ST and MT would
designate tees cut from S and M shapes respectively.

Chapter 3: Section File

Figure 3-12 Tee Section Area Screen

Editor

Figure 3-13 Tee Section Ratio Screen

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 17

Round Pipe Sections
Input for round pipe sections (P shapes) consists of the Round Pipe Section screen,
shown below:
Ex: Pipe P5x.375
“P” for pipe, 5 is the nominal diameter and .375 is the actual wall thickness.

Figure 3-14 Round Pipe Section Screen

Structural Tubing Sections

Input for structural tubing sections (TS shapes) consists of the Structural Tubing Section
screen (Figure 3-15 on page 19):
Ex: Tubing TS9x3x.5
”TS” for structural tubing, 9 is the height, 3 is the width and .5 is the wall thickness.

18 General Section Properties

 Chapter 3: Section File
Figure 3-15 Structural Tubing Section Screen

Editor
Reinforced Concrete Sections
Input for reinforced concrete sections (RC shapes) consists of the Reinforced Concrete
Section screen (Figure 3-16 on page 20).
Ex: Reinforced Concrete RC12x10
“RC” for reinforced concrete, designations following are your choice and should be used to
describe the section.

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 19

 Figure 3-16 Reinforced Concrete Section Screen

The symbol “ut” designates uncracked transformed section properties and “cr” designates
cracked section properties.

User Defined Shape

Input for user defined shapes consists of the User Defined Shape screen (Figure 3-17 on
page 21) and may have a designation of any characters other than those reserved by the
previous shape designations.

20 General Section Properties

 Figure 3-17 User Defined Shape Screen

Chapter 3: Section File

Editor
Standard Timber Sections
Timber sections can be referenced from the SES Timber Database. The Standard Timber
Section screen (Figure 3-18 on page 22) appears:
Ex: Timber T2x6
“T” for timber section, 2 is the nominal width, 6 is the nominal depth. An optional fourth
parameter is “x4” where 4 is the number of units. If the width is smaller than the depth, the
units are stacked from left to right (horizontally). If the depth is less than the width, the
units are stacked from top to bottom (vertically).

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 21

 Figure 3-18 Standard Timber Section Screen

Timber I-Beam Sections

The Timber I-Beam Section screens, below and Figure 3-20 on page 23, appear when this
option is used.

Figure 3-19 Timber I-Beam Section Area Screen

22 General Section Properties

 Figure 3-20 Timber I-Beam Section Ratio Screen

Chapter 3: Section File

Section Modifiers

Editor
Sections which are not symmetric about both axes may also be modified by the “+” and
“-” modifiers. The prefix symbol “+” indicates that the section is inverted about the x-axis of
the section, and the prefix symbol “-” indicates that the section is inverted about the y-axis
of the section.

Examples
-C15x50 Flanges are now pointing to the left.
+WT15x74 Stem is now pointing up.
-+L6x4x.25 6 inch leg pointing down, 4 inch leg pointing to the left.

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 23

 Figure 3-21 Section Modifier Example

24 General Section Properties

Section Data Definitions
Data Definitions

Option Function
Area Area of cross-section.

bf Width of flange.

bf/2tf The ratio of the flange width to twice the flange thickness.

Cw Warping constant.

D Depth, actual.

daf The ratio of the depth to the compression flange area.

d/tw The ratio of the depth to the web thickness.

Fy The theoretical maximum yield stress based on the width-thickness ratio of 1/2 the

Chapter 3: Section File

unstiffened compression flange, beyond which a particular shape is not compact.

Fy'''(A) The theoretical maximum yield stress based on the depth-thickness ratio of the web
below which a particular shape may be considered compact for any condition of

Editor
combined bending and axial stresses (Specified as 0 if greater than 65 ksi). (ASD)

FY'''(L) (LRFD) see above.

H Flexural constant Formula A-E3-9.

HL Horizontal leg or side dimension.

hc/tw The ratio of assumed web depth for stability to thickness of web.

Ix Moment of inertia about axis XX.

Iy Moment of inertia about axis YY.

J Torsional constant.

k Distance from outer face of flange to web toe fillet of rolled shape.

Qf Statical moment at point in flange.

Qw Statical moment at mid-depth.

ra Minimum fillet radius, detailing value (in.); flange toe value for M, S, C, MC shapes.

ro Polar radius of gyration about shear center.

rT The radius of gyration of a section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the
compression web area, taken about an axis in the plane of the web.

rx Radius of gyration about axis XX.

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 25

 Data Definitions

Option Function
ry Radius of gyration about axis YY.

rz Radius of gyration about principal axis.

SFx Shear shape factor for major axis.

SFy Shear shape factor for minor axis.

Sx Elastic section modulus about axis XX.

Sy Elastic section modulus about axis YY.

Sw Warping statical moment.

T Thickness of leg or wall.

tan alpha Tangent of the angle between axis XX and principal axis.

tf Thickness of flange.

tw Thickness of web.

V Vertical leg or side dimension.

Wno Normalized warping function.

xbar Centroid of section in X-direction from outer web.

X1 Beam buckling factor Formula F1-8.

X2 X 10^6 beam buckling factor Formula F1-9.

ybar Centroid of section in Y-direction from outer top flange face.

Zx Plastic modulus about axis XX.

Zy Plastic modulus about axis YY.

26 General Section Properties

View Section Index
This option allows you to view sections that are in a given file. These are listed in
alphabetical order from smallest to largest in each category.

Chapter 3: Section File

Editor
Figure 3-22 View Section Index Screen

Chapter 3: Section File Editor 27

28 General Section Properties
CALCULATING
SECTION CHAPTER
PROPERTIES
In this chapter:
General Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Reinforced Concrete Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4
Lineal Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Composite Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Plot Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Output Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Inserting Custom Sections Into a Database . . . . . 52

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 29

 Figure 4-1 Section File Editor Options Menu

Once you have chosen Calculate Section Properties from the Section File Editor Options
menu, the Section Options menu, shown below, appears:

Figure 4-2 Section Options Menu

After Begin a New Section has been selected, you are given the opportunity to input a file
name under which to store the section to be created. This allows the section to be edited

30 General Section Properties

in the future. The file is stored with a GPH extension (i.e., TEST.GPH). If the Graphics file
name is left blank, the program will list GPH files which have been previously created.

Figure 4-3 Calculate Section Properties Screen

If you choose to edit a part or create an additional part, the Property Types menu, below,
will appear:

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Figure 4-4 Property Types Menu

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 31

 The Property Types menu displays the four general categories of property types which the
program supports. Select the property type that you wish to have assigned to the
individual part you are going to enter.

General Sections
If you chose General Sections from the Property Types menu, the Part Shape menu,
shown below, appears:

Figure 4-5 Part Shape Menu

Through this menu you may choose which particular type or general section you wish to
enter.

32 General Section Properties

Arc
If you chose Arc as the part type, the Arc Properties screen, shown below, appears:

Figure 4-6 Arc Properties Screen

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Figure 4-7 Arc Diagram

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 33

Circle
If you chose Circle as the part type, the Circle Properties screen, shown below, appears:

Figure 4-8 Circle Properties Screen

Figure 4-9 Circle Diagram

34 General Section Properties

General Shape
If you chose General as the part type, the General Shape Properties screen, shown
below, appears:

Figure 4-10 General Shape Properties Screen

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Figure 4-11 General Shape Diagram

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 35

Rectangle
If you chose Rectangle as the part type, the Rectangle Properties screen, below, appears:

Figure 4-12 Rectangle Properties Screen

Figure 4-13 Rectangle Shape Diagram

36 General Section Properties

Triangle (Base)
If you chose one of the Triangle options as the part type, the Triangle (Base) Properties
screen, shown below, appears:

Figure 4-14 Triangle (Base) Properties Screen

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties
Figure 4-15 Triangle (Base) Shape Diagram

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 37

Triangle (Apex)
If you chose Triangle (Apex) as the part type, the Triangle (Apex) Properties screen,
below, appears:

Figure 4-16 Triangle (Apex) Properties Screen

Figure 4-17 Triangle (Apex) Shape Diagram

38 General Section Properties

Existing Shape
This part type enables you to access a predefined shape that resides in a database. A
rotation may be specified in multiples of 90 degrees so that the part may be oriented about
either the x or y-axis. The rotation is assumed to be positive counterclockwise.

Figure 4-18 Existing Shape Properties Screen

See Figure 4-19 on page 40 for the appropriate reference point for each type of structural
steel shape. Reference points are used for rotation and offset purposes.

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 39

 Figure 4-19 Reference Point Diagram

40 General Section Properties

Reinforced Concrete Sections
If you chose Reinforced Concrete from the Property Types menu, the Reinforced
Concrete Section Properties screen, below, appears:

Figure 4-20 Reinforced Concrete Section Properties Screen

This screen requests the material properties of the concrete sections. The strength (f'c) is
the strength of the concrete at 28 days. The tensile splitting strength (fct) is required only if
the part is lightweight concrete. The value “N” can be modified if you chose to use a value

Chapter 4: Calculating
other than that normally calculated by use of the ACI Code provisions.

Section Properties
After completing the Reinforced Concrete Section Properties screen, the Concrete Input
menu (Figure 4-21 on page 42) appears.

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 41

 Figure 4-21 Concrete Input Menu

If the part is a concrete section, the Concrete Section Properties screen, below, displays:

Figure 4-22 Concrete Section Properties Screen

42 General Section Properties

If the part is reinforcing steel, the Reinforcing Steel Properties screen, below, displays:

Figure 4-23 Reinforcing Steel Properties Screen

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Figure 4-24 Reinforced Concrete Shape Diagram

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 43

Lineal Sections
If you chose Lineal Section from the Property Types menu, the Lineal Part Shape menu,
shown below, appears:

Figure 4-25 Lineal Part Shape Menu

44 General Section Properties

Arcs
If you chose Arc as the part type, the Arc Properties screen, below, appears:

Figure 4-26 Arc Properties Screen

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Figure 4-27 Arc Shape Diagram

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 45

Line
If you chose Line as the part type, the Line Properties screen, below, appears:

Figure 4-28 Line Properties Screen

Figure 4-29 Line Shape Diagram

46 General Section Properties

General
If you chose General as the part type, the General Properties screen, below, appears:

Figure 4-30 General Properties Screen

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Figure 4-31 General Shape Diagram

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 47

Composite Sections
If you chose Composite Section from the Property Types menu, the Composite Section
Choices menu, shown below, appears:

Figure 4-32 Composite Section Choices Menu

Only existing sections that reside in a database (such as reinforced concrete or

user-defined sections) or general sections may be combined into a composite section. In
order that the transformed properties can be calculated correctly, each part must be input
with a modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus, E).

48 General Section Properties

Existing Section
If you chose Existing Section, the Existing Section Properties screen, below, appears:

Figure 4-33 Existing Section Properties Screen

General Section
If you chose General as the part type, the General Section Properties screen, below,
appears:

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Figure 4-34 General Section Properties Screen

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 49

 Figure 4-35 Composite Section Diagram

Inactivate and Reactivate Parts

Parts of a section may be inactivated or “turned off” by using the inactivate feature. The
data is not lost for these parts but is merely ignored. The parts may be reactivated or
“turned back on” by using the reactivate feature.

50 General Section Properties

Plot Section
If you chose Plot Section you will be asked to what graphics device you wish to send the
plot. The Graphics Device Screen, shown below, then displays.

Figure 4-36 Device Options Menu

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Figure 4-37 Graphics Device Screen

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 51

 The current minimum and maximum plotting coordinates will be displayed. Should you
choose a partial plot you can “window” in on a portion of the section by specifying the
minimum and maximum window coordinates.

Output Properties
The Output Properties option prints the total section properties as well as properties of
each individual part. This output may be redirected to a printer or disk file.

Inserting Custom Sections Into a Database

To insert a section into a database, follow the steps below.
1. After defining the shape using the various aspects of the program, select
Output Properties from the Section Options menu as shown below.

Figure 4-38 Section Options Menu

2. Return to the Section File Editor Options menu and choose Edit a File.

52 General Section Properties

 You are prompted to input the file to edit. This is a user-defined file name.

Figure 4-39 Add a Section Screen

3. You may then add the section to the database.

The major section properties are automatically displayed on the screen. Other
properties, which are not calculated by General Section Properties, may be required
to be input depending upon the section designation chosen.
✎ A step by step walk through of this procedure is shown in Chapter 6, Example Problems.

Chapter 4: Calculating
Section Properties

Chapter 4: Calculating Section Properties 53

54 General Section Properties
PROGRAM
DEFINITIONS CHAPTER
In this chapter:
Section File Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Chapter 5: Program Definitions 55

Section File Editor
Two files are created by the editor. The data file contains the name of the database with a
DAT file extension. The index to the file will contain the name of the database with an IDX
file extension.
The data file contains one record for each section contained in the file. The data structure
of each record is as follows:
struct sect_data {
char delflag; /*delete flag 'Y' or 'N'
int desno; /*section type designator
char desig[3]; /*shape designation i.e. "W" or "C"*/
double des1; /*descriptor 1 i.e. nominal depth*/
double des2; /*descriptor 2 i.e. nominal weight*/
double des3; /*descriptor 3 i.e. thickness of angle*/
double des4; /*descriptor 4 i.e. back to back dist*/
float num[35]; /*properties as defined below */};

The index file contains one record for each section and has the following data structure:
struct idx {
char desig[3]; /*same as above */
double des[4]; /*same as descriptors 1-4 above
char delflag; /*same as above */
int rec_ptr; /*record number in .DAT file */ };
Properties are always stored in inch units regardless of the system of units used to input
the properties.
The desno field may have a value of 1 through 10. The values of desno and the properties
that are stored in the num[] are as follows:
desno=1
W, M, S, HP (wide-flange shapes)
des1=nominal depth des2=nominal weight
num[0] Area num[ 9] d/tw num[17] Ix num[25] J num[33] SFx
num[1] D num[10] Fy'''(L num[18] Sx num[26] Cw num[34] SFy
num[2] tw num[11] Fy'''(A) num[19] rx num[27] Wno

56 General Section Properties

num[3] bf num[12] X1 num[20] Iy num[28] Sw
num[4] tf num[13] X2x10^6 num[21] Sy num[29] Qf
num[5] k num[14] rT num[22] ry num[30] Qw
num[6] bf/2tf num[15] d/Af num[23] Zx num[31] ro
num[7] Fy' num[16] ra num[24] Zy num[32] H
num[8] hc/tw

desno=2
C and MC (channel shapes)
des1=nominal depth des2=nominal weight
num[0] Area num[ 9] d/tw num[17] Ix num[25] J num[33] SFx
num[1] D num[10] num[18] Sx num[26] Cw num[34] SFy
num[2] tw num[11] num[19] rx num[27]
num[3] bf num[12] num[20] Iy num[28] xbar
num[4] tf num[13] num[21] Sy num[29] eo
num[5] k num[14] num[22] ry num[30]
num[6] num[15] d/Af num[23] Zx num[31] ro
num[7] num[16] ra num[24] Zy num[32] H
num[8]

desno=3
L (single angles)
des1=vert leg des2=horiz leg des3=thickness
num[0] Area num[ 9] num[17] Ix num[25] J num[33]
num[1] VL num[10] num[18] Sx num[26] Cw num[34]
num[2] tw num[11] num[19] rx num[27] tan alpha
num[3] HL num[12] num[20] Iy num[28]
Chapter 5: Program

num[4] num[13] num[21] Sy num[29]

Definitions

num[5] num[14] num[22] ry num[30]

num[6] num[15] num[23] Zx num[31] ro
num[7] num[16] rz num[24] Zy num[32] H
num[8]

Chapter 5: Program Definitions 57

 desno=4
2L (double angles)
des1=vert leg des2=horiz leg des3=thickness des4=back to back dist
num[0] Area num[ 9] num[17] Ix num[25] J num[33]
num[1] VL num[10] num[18] Sx num[26] Cw num[34]
num[2] T num[11] num[19] rx num[27]
num[3] HL num[12] num[20] Iy num[28]
num[4] num[13] num[21] Sy num[29]
num[5] btob num[14] num[22] ry num[30]
num[6] num[15] num[23] Zx num[31] ro
num[7] num[16] rz num[24] Zy num[32] H
num[8]

desno=5
WT, MT and ST (tee sections)
des1=nominal depth des2=nominal weight
num[0] Area num[ 9] d/tw num[17] Ix num[25] J num[33] SFx
num[1] D num[10] num[18] Sx num[26] Cw num[34] SFy
num[2] tw num[11] num[19] rx num[27]
num[3] bf num[12] num[20] Iy num[28] ybar
num[4] tf num[13] num[21] Sy num[29]
num[5] k num[14] num[22] ry num[30]
num[6] num[15] num[23] Zx num[31] ro
num[7] num[16] ra num[24] Zy num[32] H
num[8] hc/tw

desno=6
P (round pipe)
des1=outside dia des2=wall thickness
num[0] Area num[ 9] num[17] Ix num[25] J(2Ix) num[33] SFx
num[1] Dia num[10] num[18] Sx num[26] num[34] SFy

58 General Section Properties

num[2] T num[11] num[19] rx num[27]
num[3] num[12] num[20] Iy num[28]
num[4] num[13] num[21] Sy num[29]
num[5] num[14] num[22] ry num[30]
num[6] num[15] num[23] Zx num[31] ro
num[7] num[16] num[24] Zy num[32] H
num[8]

desno=7
Reserved for future use

desno=8
TS (structural tubing)
des1=depth des2=width des3=wall thickness
num[0] Area num[ 9] num[17] Ix num[25] J num[33] SFx
num[1] VL num[10] num[18] Sx num[26] num[34] SFy
num[2] T num[11] num[19] rx num[27]
num[3] HL num[12] num[20] Iy num[28]
num[4] num[13] num[21] Sy num[29]
num[5] num[14] num[22] ry num[30]
num[6] num[15] num[23] Zx num[31]
num[7] num[16] num[24] Zy num[32]
num[8]

desno=9
RC (reinforced concrete)
des1, des2, des3, des4 user defined
Chapter 5: Program

num[0] Agr num[ 8] ybar(gr) num[17] Ixut num[25] J num[33] SFx

Definitions

num[1] Depth num[ 9] ybar(ut) num[18] Ixgr num[26] num[34] SFy

num[2] num[10] xbar(gr) num[19] rxgr num[27] n
num[3] Width num[11] xbar(ut) num[20] Iyut num[28]
num[4] num[12] num[21] Iygr num[29] Ixcr

Chapter 5: Program Definitions 59

 num[5] num[13] num[22] rygr num[30] ybar(cr)
num[6] num[14] num[23] num[31] mcr
num[7] num[15] num[24] num[32]
num[16]

desno=10
Any 2 Characters (user defined section)
des1, des2, des3, des4 user defined
num[0] Area num[ 8] num[17] Ix num[25] J num[33] SFx
num[1] num[ 9] num[18] Sxt num[26] Cw num[34] SFy
num[2] num[10] num[19] rx num[27] Sxb
num[3] num[11] num[20] Iy num[28] Syb
num[4] num[12] num[21] Syt num[29] Ixy
num[5] num[13] num[22] ry num[30]
num[6] num[14] num[23] Zx num[31]
num[7] num[15] num[24] Zy num[32]
num[16]

Output Fields
The normal output from General Section Properties echoes all user input then prints the
entire section properties. Since there are many different types of shapes, between 1 and 6
unremarked fields of input data will appear on the input echo.
These fields are defined as follows:

General Shapes
Arc : Field 1 Arc Angle Rectangle : Field 1 Height
Field 2 Offset Angle Field 2 Width
Field 3 Radius
Triangles : Field 1 Height
Circle : Field 1 Radius Field 2 Width

General : Field 1 X Top Location Existing : Field 1 Des1

60 General Section Properties

 Field 2 Y Top Location Field 2 Des2
Field 3 X Bottom Location Field 3 Des3
Field 4 Y Bottom Location Field 4 Des4
Field 5 Product of Inertia Field 5 Rotation

Lineal Shapes
Arc : Field 1 Thickness General :Field 1 X Top Location
Field 2 Arc Angl Field 2 Y Top Location
Field 3 Offset Angle Field 3 X Bottom Location
Field 4 Y Bottom Location
Line : Field 1 Thickness Field 5 Product of Inertia
Field 2 Height
Field 3 Width

Composite Shapes
In general, echo of input will be echoed as "transformed" information, i.e., properties are
multiplied by "n."

Existing : Field 1 2 Letter Desig

Field 2 Des1
Field 3 Des2
Field 4 Des3
Field 5 Des4
Field 6 Young's Modulus

General : Field 1 X Top Location

Field 2 Y Top Location
Chapter 5: Program

Field 3 X Bottom Location

Definitions

Field 4 Y Bottom Location

Field 5 Product of Inertia
Field 6 Young's Modulus

Chapter 5: Program Definitions 61

62 General Section Properties
EXAMPLE
PROBLEMS CHAPTER
In this chapter:
Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6

Chapter 6: Example Problems 63

Example 1
Compute the section properties of a W18x50 wide flange with a C12x20.7 on top as
shown below. Also add a 3/4”x8 1/2” plate to the bottom flange and re-compute the
section properties. Then, create a new database and insert this custom shape into this
database for use with other SES programs.

Figure 6-1 Example 1 Diagram

64 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Problems
Figure 6-2 Section File Editor Options Menu
The first step is to select Calculate Section Properties from the Section File Editor Options
menu, shown above.

Figure 6-3 Section Options Menu

Then, select Begin a New Section as shown above and press Enter to continue.

Chapter 6: Example Problems 65

 Figure 6-4 Calculate Section Properties Screen

You then have the opportunity to input a graphics file name. This is used to recall this
configuration at a later time. Type EX1 and press Enter.

Figure 6-5 Property Types Menu

There are several property type options available. For this example, select General
Section and press Enter to continue.

66 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Problems
Figure 6-6 Calculate Section Properties Screen

As this is a section comprised of multiple pieces, you need to define each as a separate
part. Start with part number 1. Type 1 and press Enter to continue.

Figure 6-7 Part Shape Menu

For this example, you will be combining standard existing AISC steel shapes to create a
special section. Select Existing Shape from the Part Shape menu, shown above. Then
press Enter to continue.

Chapter 6: Example Problems 67

 Figure 6-8 Existing Shape Properties Screen

The first shape is pulled from the ASD9 database of AISC steel shapes. Move down to the
Designation field and type in W18x50 as shown above. Offset and rotation fields may be
left blank. Press Enter to continue.

Figure 6-9 Part 2 Properties Screen

The next step is to define part 2. Type 2 and press Enter to continue.

68 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Problems
Figure 6-10 Part Shape Menu

Again, select Existing Shape from the Part Shape menu, shown above, and press Enter to
continue.

Figure 6-11 Existing Shape Properties Screen

Again, you will pull a section from the database. Move down to the Designation field and
type C12x20.7 to access the channel section. Then, type the offsets and rotation as

Chapter 6: Example Problems 69

 shown above (X Offset = -2.25, Y Offset = 18.28, Rotation = 270). This places the channel
in the appropriate position relative to the W shape which you already created as part 1.

Figure 6-12 Part 3 Properties Screen

The next step is to define part 3. Type 3 and press Enter to continue.

Figure 6-13 Part Shape Menu

Now, select Rectangle from the Part Shape menu, shown above.

70 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Problems
Figure 6-14 Rectangle Properties Screen

You now need to dimension and locate the rectangle which will model the bottom cover
plate. Complete your screen as shown above (Offset X = -.5, Offset Y = -.75, Height = .75,
Width = 8.5). Then, press Enter.

Figure 6-15 Section Options Menu

Press Esc to return to the Section Options menu, shown above. Then select Plot Section
from the menu.

Chapter 6: Example Problems 71

 Figure 6-16 Device Options Menu

The next step is to select the device to send the plot to. These device options will differ
depending on how you have configured your system. Select the Display option so that the
plot will be sent to your screen.

Figure 6-17 Graphics Device Screen

You now have the option of viewing a partial plot. Press Enter to accept the default full
view option.

72 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Problems
Figure 6-18 Combined Section Plot Diagram

A plot of your combined section should now appear on your screen. Press any key to
continue.

Chapter 6: Example Problems 73

 Figure 6-19 Section Options Menu

Next, press Esc to return to the Section Options menu, shown above. Then, select Output
Properties to calculate the section properties for your section.

Figure 6-20 Output Properties Screen

You are first shown the properties for the individual components of your section. Press
any key to continue.

74 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Problems
Figure 6-21 Calculate Section Properties Screen

The composite section properties are then displayed. Press any key to continue. If you
would like to get a hard copy of this output press Y. Otherwise press Esc.

Figure 6-22 Section Options Menu

Now press Esc to return to the Section File Editor Options menu (Figure 6-23 on page 76).

Chapter 6: Example Problems 75

 Figure 6-23 Section File Editor Options Menu

Having already calculated the section properties for this section, the next step is to insert
this special shape into a database so that it can be used by other SES programs. Select
Create a File from the Section File Editor Options menu.

Figure 6-24 Editing Options Screen

The next step is to input the name of the data file into which this section will be sent. For
this example type Demo, then press Enter to continue.

76 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Problems
Figure 6-25 Editing Options Menu

Now select Add a Section from the Editing Options menu, shown above.

Figure 6-26 Add a Section Screen

The next step is to type the designation for your section. Type WC18x50 as your section.
The first two letters of the designation are important, as they dictate which type of section
this will be filed under. In order for this section to be used in conjunction with the SES steel
design programs, the appropriate designation should be given. In most cases, this is the
designation of a standard shape which most closely resembles the custom piece. For this
example, the designation WC is not a standard shape designation and will therefore pull-

Chapter 6: Example Problems 77

 out the User Defined Section screen, shown below, and fill in those items which the
program has calculated.

Figure 6-27 User Defined Section Screen

Please note that all fields in a datafile form must be completed before the program will
allow you to exit the screen. In the screen above, all fields are filled in with the exception of
J, Cw, SFx and SFy. For this exercise, type a value of 1 for these four fields. Then press
Enter to exit the form. This example is now complete.

78 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Example 2

Problems
Determine the properties of the angle section shown below. This is problem 360, p. 656 of
Advanced Mechanics of Materials by Seely and Smith.

Part 1

.375

Centroid
0.94
6.00

Part 2

1.94

4.00

Figure 6-28 Example 2 Diagram

Chapter 6: Example Problems 79

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80 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Example 3

Problems
Evaluation of the properties of the section shown below illustrates the flexibility of the
section properties program. The section is described using three rectangular elements,
plus two triangular elements and a circular void element.

18.00

4.00

4.00
2.00

3.0 12.00

4.00

3.50 4.00
3.00

8.00

Figure 6-29 Example 3 Diagram

Chapter 6: Example Problems 81

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82 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Example 4

Problems
Compute the properties of the reinforced concrete section shown below. F' = 3500 psi.

20.00

6.00 8.00 6.00

4.00

10.00

d=33.00

36.00

5 - #9

Figure 6-30 Example 4 Diagram

Chapter 6: Example Problems 83

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Example 5
Determine the polar moment of inertia of the weld group (Figure 6-31 on page 85). This is
evaluated using three straight line elements from the lineal section properties subprogram.
Thickness of the weld is assumed to be 1/4".

84 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Problems
Y
5.00

4.00

6.00

1.50

3.00

Figure 6-31 Example 5 Diagram

Chapter 6: Example Problems 85

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86 General Section Properties

 Chapter 6: Example
Example 6

Problems
Compute the section properties of the composite section as shown below. Assume the
concrete section is stored as a user-defined shape and has an E value of 3600 ksi.

36.00

5.00

9.00

9.00

18.00 3.75

Figure 6-32 Example 6 Diagram

Chapter 6: Example Problems 87

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88 General Section Properties

INDEX

A Circle Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Circle Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Add a Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 53, 77 Circle Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Circle Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Arc Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Combined Section Plot Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Arc Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Composite Section Choices Menu . . . . . . . . . 48
Arc Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Composite Section Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Arc Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 45 Composite Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Arc Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Composite Section Choices Menu . . . . . . 48
Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Existing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Inactivate and Reactivate Parts . . . . . . . . 50
Area and Line Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Composite Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Arrow keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Concrete Input Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Concrete Section Properties Screen . . . . . . . . 42
B Cw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Backspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
bf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 D
bf/2tf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 D ................................... 25
d/tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
C daf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Calculate Section Properties Data Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 66, 67, 75 Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Calculating Section Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 bf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Calculate Section Properties Screen . . . . 31 bf/2tf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Composite Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Cw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
General Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 D ............................... 25
Inserting Custom Sections Into a d/tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 daf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Lineal Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Fy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Output Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Fy’’’(A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Plot Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 FY’’’(L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Property Types Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 H ............................... 25
Reinforced Concrete Sections . . . . . . . . . 41 Hc/tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section File Editor Options Menu . . . . . . . 30 HL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Channel Section Area Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Iy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Channel Section Ratio Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 J ................................ 25
Channel Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 k ................................ 25
Channel Section Area Screen . . . . . . . . . 15 Qf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Channel Section Ratio Screen . . . . . . . . . 15 Qw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Index 89
 ro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Part 3 Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
rT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Part Shape Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . .67, 69, 70
rx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Property Types Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Rectangle Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . .71
rz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Section File Editor Options Menu . . . .65, 76
SFx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Section Options Menu . . . . . . .65, 71, 74, 75
SFy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 User Defined Section Screen . . . . . . . . . .78
Sw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 1 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Sx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Sy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 2 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 2 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
tan alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 2 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
tf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 2 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 3 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Wno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 3 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
X1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 3 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
X2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 3 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
xbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
ybar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 4 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Zx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 4 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Zy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Example 4 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Delete field/CTRL A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Example 4 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Device Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 72 Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Down cursor/Tab key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Example 5 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Example 5 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
E Example 5 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Example 5 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Editing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Add a Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Example 6 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Editing Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Example 6 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Editing Options Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Example 6 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
View Section Index Screen . . . . . . . . 12, 27
Example 6 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Editing Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 77
Example Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Editing Options Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 76
Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Add a Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Calculate Section Properties
Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 67, 75
Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Combined Section Plot Diagram . . . . . . . 73
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Device Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Existing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Editing Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Existing Section Properties Screen . . . . . .49
Editing Options Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Existing Section Properties Screen . . . . . . . . .49
Example 1 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Existing Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Existing Shape Properties Screen . . . 68, 69
Existing Shape Properties Screen . . . . . .39
Graphics Device Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Reference Point Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Output Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Existing Shape Properties Screen . . . .39, 68, 69
Part 2 Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

90 General Section Properties

F Iy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

First letter of option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

J
Fy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Fy'''(A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
FY'''(L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
K
G k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Keyboard Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 8
General Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Arrow keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Backspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Composite Section Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Delete field/CTRL A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General Section Properties Screen . . . . . 49 Down cursor/Tab key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General Section Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . 49 Escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 First letter of option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Left cursor/Backspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Return/Enter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Existing Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Right cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Space bar/Tab key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Up cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Part Shape Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 L
Triangle (Apex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Left cursor/Backspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Triangle (Base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
General Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Line Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
General Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Line Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
General Shape Properties Screen . . . . . . 35
Lineal Part Shape Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
General Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 47
Lineal Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
General Shape Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . 35
Arc Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
General Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Arc Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Graphics Device Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 72
Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
H General Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 47
H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 General Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
hc/tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
HL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Line Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Line Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
I Lineal Part Shape Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Lineal Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Inactivate and Reactivate Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Input and Output Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
M
Inserting Custom Sections Into a Database . . 52
Add a Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Master Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Minimum System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Input and Output Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 O
Minimum System Requirements . . . . . . . . . 2
Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Solution Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Composite Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Index 91
 General Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Round Pipe Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Lineal Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Round Pipe Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . .18
Output Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 rT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Output Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 rx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
P rz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Part 2 Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Part 3 Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
S
Part Shape Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 67, 69, 70 Section Data Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Plot Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Data Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Graphics Device Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Section File Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 56
Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Channel Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Problem Size Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Editing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Program Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Master Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Section File Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Property Types Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 66 Reinforced Concrete Sections . . . . . . . . .19
Round Pipe Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Q Section Data Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Section File Editor Options Menu . . . . . . .10
Qf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Qw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Single and Double Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Standard Timber Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
R Structural Tubing Sections . . . . . . . . . . . .18
ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Tee Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Timber I-Beam Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Rectangle Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . 36 User Defined Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Rectangle Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 36 View Section Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Rectangle Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . . 36, 71 Wide Flange Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Rectangle Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section File Editor Options
Reference Point Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 30, 65, 76
Reinforced Concrete Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Section Modifier Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Reinforced Concrete Section Properties Section Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Reinforced Concrete Section Screen . . . . . . . 20 Section Modifier Example . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Reinforced Concrete Sections . . . . . . . . . 19, 41 Section Options Menu . . . .30, 52, 65, 71, 74, 75
Concrete Input Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 SFx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Concrete Section Properties Screen . . . . 42 SFy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Reinforced Concrete Section Properties Single and Double Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Single and Double Angles Screen . . . . . .16
Reinforced Concrete Section Screen . . . 20 Single and Double Angles Screen . . . . . . . . . .16
Reinforced Concrete Shape Diagram . . . 43 Solution Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Reinforcing Steel Properties Screen . . . . 43 Area and Line Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Reinforced Concrete Shape Diagram . . . . . . . 43 Problem Size Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Reinforcing Steel Properties Screen . . . . . . . . 43 Reinforced Concrete Elements . . . . . . . . . .5
Return/Enter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Space bar/Tab key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Right cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Standard Timber Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . .22
ro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Standard Timber Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Round Pipe Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Standard Timber Section Screen . . . . . . .22

92 General Section Properties

Structural Tubing Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . 19 Wide Flange Section Ratio Screen . . . . . . . . . 14
Structural Tubing Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Wide Flange Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Structural Tubing Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Wide Flange Section Area Screen . . . . . . 14
Sw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Wide Flange Section Ratio Screen . . . . . 14
Sx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Wno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Sy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
X
T X1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 X2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
tan alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 xbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tee Section Area Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Tee Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Y
Tee Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ybar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tee Section Area Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Tee Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
tf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Z
Timber I-Beam Section Area Screen . . . . . . . . 22 Zx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Timber I-Beam Section Ratio Screen . . . . . . . 23 Zy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Timber I-Beam Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Timber I-Beam Section Area Screen . . . . 22
Timber I-Beam Section Ratio Screen . . . . 23
Triangle (Apex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Triangle (Apex) Properties Screen . . . . . . 38
Triangle (Apex) Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . 38
Triangle (Apex) Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . 38
Triangle (Apex) Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Triangle (Base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Triangle (Base) Properties Screen . . . . . . 37
Triangle (Base) Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . 37
Triangle (Base) Properties Screen . . . . . . . . . 37
Triangle (Base) Shape Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 37
tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

U
Up cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
User Defined Section Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
User Defined Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
User Defined Shape Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 21
User Defined Shape Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

V
V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
View Section Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
View Section Index Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 27

W
Wide Flange Section Area Screen . . . . . . . . . . 14

Index 93
94 General Section Properties