Overview of the New 2005 AISC
Specification for Structural Steel Overview of the New 2005 AISC Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings
Buildings
• Brief History of AISC Specifications
• 2005 AISC Spec - Combined ASD/LRFD Format
• 2005 AISC Spec - Examples
• Features of new 13th Edition Manual
Michael D. Engelhardt
University of Texas at Austin
Current AISC Specifications History of AISC Specifications
ASD LRFD
1st Edition - 1923
7th Edition - 1969
8th Edition - 1978
9th Edition - 1989 1st Edition – 1986
2nd Edition – 1993
3rd Edition – 2001
13th Edition - 2005:
Combined ASD - LRFD
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Differences Between Current Formatting of Factor of Safety
Versions of ASD and LRFD
ASD LRFD
• Formatting of Factor of Safety Load
Factors
• Stress vs Force Format for Design Equations
(γ)
• Nominal Strength Equations Factor of
Safety
(Ω)
Resistance
Factors
(φ)
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Stress vs. Force Format Equations for Nominal Strength
ASD and LRFD check the same limit states:
ASD LRFD
Columns: Buckling
Tension Members: Yield of Gross Section
fa ≤ Fa Pu ≤ φ Pn Fracture of Net Section
Block Shear Fracture
fb ≤ Fb Mu ≤ φ Mn Beams - Flexure: Yielding (reaching Mp)
Local Buckling
fv ≤ Fv Vu ≤ φ Vn Lateral Torsional Buckling
Beams - Shear: Yielding (reaching Vp)
Shear Buckling
Bolts and Welds: Fracture
Etc...
Equations for Nominal Strength Differences Between
ASD and LRFD
ASD and LRFD check the same limit states
in the New 2005 AISC Spec
But.......
ASD and LRFD check limit states using • Formatting of Factor of Safety
different nominal strength equations • Stress vs Force Format for Design Equations
Why ?....... • Nominal Strength Equations
ASD has not been updated in many years. All
new developments have been put into LRFD
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2005 AISC Specification 2005 AISC Specification - LRFD Option
Permits design using either.... Basic Design Equation: Resistance Factor
Nominal Strength
LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design
RU ≤ φ Rn
- or -
ASD Allowable Strength Design Required Strength (LRFD) Design Strength
PU ≤ φ Pn
MU ≤ φ Mn
VU ≤ φ Vn
2005 AISC Specification - ASD Option 2005 AISC Specification
Basic Design Equation: LRFD ASD
Nominal Strength
Safety Factor
Ra ≤ Rn / Ω RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω
Required Strength (ASD) Allowable Strength
Required Strength Required Strength
(LRFD) (ASD)
Pa ≤ Pn / Ω
Ma ≤ Mn / Ω
Defined by ASCE-
ASCE-7
Va ≤ Vn / Ω
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LRFD Load Combinations:
1. 1.4D
2. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6 (Lr or S or R) + (0.5L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L + 0.5 (Lr or S or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L +0.2S
6. 0.9D + (1.6W or 1.0E)
2005 AISC Specification
ASD Load Combinations:
LRFD ASD
1. D+L
2. D + (Lr or S or R) RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω
3. D + 0.75 [ L + (Lr or S or R) ]
Required Strength Required Strength
4. D + (W or 0.7 E) (LRFD) (ASD)
5. D + 0.75 [ L + (Lr or S or R) + (W or 0.7E) ]
6. 0.6D + (W or 0.7E) In general.... RU ≅ (1.4 to 1.6) × Ra
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2005 AISC Specification 2005 AISC Specification
LRFD ASD LRFD ASD
RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω
Nominal Strength - Same in LRFD and ASD Resistance Factor Safety Factor
1.5
φ =
Ω
Example: For Ω = 1.67, φ = 0.90
For Ω = 2 , φ = 0.75
2005 AISC Specification 2005 AISC Specification
LRFD ASD LRFD ASD
RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω
Design Strength Allowable Strength Design Strength Allowable Strength
Available Strength
φ Rn = 1.5 × Rn / Ω
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Example - Gravity Loaded Beam
2005 AISC Specification
30 ft.
LRFD and ASD
Service Loads: D = 0.7 k/ft. L = 2 k/ft.
Required Strength ≤ Available Strength W21 x 50
Given:
W21x50 A992 Beam L= 30-ft.
Continuous Lateral Support
Service Loads: D = 0.7 k/ft. L = 2 k/ft.
To Find:
Check if beam has adequate flexural strength
LRFD Solution Mu ≤ φ Mn
1. Compute Required Strength (LRFD)
W21 x 50 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2 (0.7 k/ft.) + 1.6 (2 k/ft.) = 4.04 k/ft.
w L2 4.04 k / ft x ( 30 ft )2
Mu = = = 455 ft-k
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Flexure Limit States:
• Yielding Controlling limit state 2. Compute Nominal Strength
• Local Buckling - W21x50 A992 is compact Mn = Mp = Z Fy = 126 in3 × 50 ksi = 6300 in-k = 525 ft-k
Local buckling does not control
• Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB) - 3. Compute Design Strength
Continuous Lateral Support
LTB does not control φ Mn = 0.9 × 525 ft-k = 473 ft-k ≥ 455 ft-k OK
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ASD Solution Ma ≤ Mn / Ω 30 ft.
1. Compute Required Strength (ASD) Service Loads: D = 0.7 k/ft. L = 2 k/ft.
D + L = 0.7 k/ft. + 2 k/ft. = 2.7 k/ft. W21 x 50
w L2 2.7 k / ft x ( 30 ft )2
Ma = = = 304 ft-k
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LRFD: Mu ≤ φ Mn 455 ft-k ≤ 473 ft-k OK
2. Compute Nominal Strength
ASD: Ma ≤ Mn / Ω 304 ft-k ≤ 315 ft-k OK
Mn = Mp = Z Fy = 126 in3 × 50 ksi = 6300 in-k = 525 ft-k
Note: φ Mn = 1.5 × Mn / Ω (473 ft-k = 1.5 x 315 ft-k)
3. Compute Allowable Strength
Mu = 1.49 × Ma (455 ft-k = 1.49 x 304 ft-k)
Mn / Ω = 525 ft-k / 1.67 = 315 ft-k ≥ 304 ft-k OK
Example: Tension Member Tension Members:
Checking Yield of Gross Section
P P P P
Example:
Limit States (ASD and LRFD):
Service Loads: D= 25 kips L= 75 kips
• Yield of gross section
• Fracture of net section Determine required gross area using ASD vs. LRFD
• Block shear
Take Fy = 50 ksi
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LRFD: LRFD:
Pu ≤ φ Pn Pu ≤ φ Pn
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L 150k ≤ 0.9 × Agross × 50 ksi
= 1.2 ( 25k ) + 1.6 ( 75k ) = 150k
Agross ≥ 3.33 in2
Pn = Agross Fy
φ = 0.9
ASD (Allowable Strength Design): ASD (Allowable Strength Design):
Pa ≤ Pn / Ω Pa ≤ Pn / Ω
Pa =D+ L 100k ≤ ( Agross × 50 ksi ) / 1.67
= 25k + 75k = 100k
Agross ≥ 3.33 in2
Pn = Agross Fy
Ω = 1.67
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ASD (Allowable Stress Design - 9th Edition):
Example: ASD vs. LRFD
Pservice Fy
≤ Pservice (D +L) = 100k
Agross 1.67
ft ≤ Ft = 0.60 Fy = 0.60 × 50 ksi = 30 ksi
Req’d Agross (in2)
D L
ASD LRFD
100k 25k 75k 3.33 3.33
≤ 30 ksi
40k 60k 3.33 3.20
Agross
50k 50k 3.33 3.11
15k 85k 3.33 3.42
Agross ≥ 3.33 in2 0k 100k 3.33 3.56
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2005 AISC Specification: Timetable
354 531
• Specification approved March 9, 2005
• Free electronic copy of specification can be downloaded
at www.aisc.org
• New Manual of Steel Construction (13 Edition) released in
February 2006. Manual has dual ASD - LRFD Design Aids
• New Specification adopted by 2006 IBC.
Previous specs (9th Edition ASD and 3rd Edition LRFD)
will not be recognized by IBC.
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