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Lecture 2 - S1 - 96 PDF

The document is a lecture on physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. It discusses the structure and properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and cycloalkanes. It then covers aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene. The lecture also classifies chemicals found in petroleum like paraffins, naphtenes, aromatics, and resins-asphaltenes. Finally, it discusses ways crude oil can be physically classified including specific gravity, sulfur content, pour point, and cloud point. The lecture is presented by Dr. J. Qajar for semester 1 of 1396-97 and recommends a reference book on petroleum fluid properties.

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129 views15 pages

Lecture 2 - S1 - 96 PDF

The document is a lecture on physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. It discusses the structure and properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and cycloalkanes. It then covers aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene. The lecture also classifies chemicals found in petroleum like paraffins, naphtenes, aromatics, and resins-asphaltenes. Finally, it discusses ways crude oil can be physically classified including specific gravity, sulfur content, pour point, and cloud point. The lecture is presented by Dr. J. Qajar for semester 1 of 1396-97 and recommends a reference book on petroleum fluid properties.

Uploaded by

Anonymous dSQiRG
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 2

Petroleum Industry:
Exploration and
Shiraz University
Production
Department of
Petroleum Engineering

Physical and Chemical


Properties of Hydrocarbons
(Part II)

Dr. J. Qajar Semester 1, 1396-97


Lecture 2: Physical & Chemical Properties of Hydrocarbons

Recommended reference

Mc Cain (1990), “The Properties of Petroleum


Fluids”, 2nd ed., PennWell Publishing Company

Dr. J. Qajar Semester 1, 1396-97 2


Alkynes: Chemical structure
 CnH2n-2
 Carbon-carbon triple bond

3
Alkynes: Physical & Chemical Properties

4
Alkynes: Physical & Chemical Properties

 Similar to alkanes and alkenes


 Increasing melting and boiling point with increasing
carbon content
 Chemically the alkynes are very much like the
alkenes.

5
Cycloaliphatic HC: cyclic compounds
 Cycloalkanes (also known as naphtenes or
cycloparaffins)
 Contains saturated rings
 CnH2n

6
Cycloaliphatic HC: Chemical structure

7
Classification of hydrocarbons

8
Aromatic HC: Introduction
 Also known as arenes
 First compound in this group: benzene
 Benzene: flat molecule with six carbon arranged in
a hexagonal ring
 Benzene ring is very stable
 Hybrid bond (or benzene bond)

9
Aromatic: Chemical structure

10
Aromatic HC: Physical & Chemical Properties

 Have pleasant oddors


 Are generally quite toxic
 Inhalation of aromatic HC vapors should be avoided
 Relationship between physical properties and
molecular size

11
Aromatic HC: Physical & Chemical Properties

12
Classification of chemicals in petroleum
 Paraffins
 Naphtenes
 Aromatics
 Resins-asphaltenes

13
Resins-asphaltenes: Introduction
 Large molecules
 Primarily hydrogen and carbon with one to three sulfur,
oxygen, or nitrogen atoms per molecules
 Basic structure: ring-type primarily aromatic
 Asphaltenes do not dissolve in petroleum but are
disperssed as colloids
 Resins readily dissolve in petroleum
 Pure asphaltenes: solid, dry, black powder, non-volatile
 Pure resins: liquids, volatile
 Color of petroleum: largely determined by the quantity of
resins and asphaltenes

14
Physical classification of crude oil
 Specific gravity
 Gasoline and kerosene content
 Sulfur content
 Asphalt content
 Pour point: lowest temperature at which the
liquid is observed to flow when cooled under
prescribed conditions
 Cloud point: temperature at which paraffin
wax begins to solidify
15

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