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Classification and Taxonomy Guided Notes

Classification involves organizing organisms into groups based on similarities and differences. Carolus Linnaeus created the system of binomial nomenclature that is still used today, assigning each species a two-part scientific name of genus and species. Modern classification uses evolutionary relationships, DNA analysis, and fossil records to establish six kingdoms and three domains that classify all organisms. The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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460 views4 pages

Classification and Taxonomy Guided Notes

Classification involves organizing organisms into groups based on similarities and differences. Carolus Linnaeus created the system of binomial nomenclature that is still used today, assigning each species a two-part scientific name of genus and species. Modern classification uses evolutionary relationships, DNA analysis, and fossil records to establish six kingdoms and three domains that classify all organisms. The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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Classification and Taxonomy Notes

Classification

 Biologists use classification to ____________ groups of living things


 Helps make sense of different groups similarities and differences
 _________________: study of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a
universally accepted name

Carolus Linnaeus
(1707 – 1778)

 Created the system of naming we use today.


 In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is called a taxonomic category or
______________.

Binomial Nomenclature
 “Bi” means ____
 “nomial” means __________
 Nomenclature means “the system of”

Defined:
In ______________ _______________, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
(Genus & species)

Example of Binomial Nomenclature


 Polar Bear is Ursus maritimus
o Ursus: genus
 Ursus contains 5 other kinds of bears
o maritimus: species
 The Latin word, maritimus, refers to the sea.
 Polar bears often live on pack ice that floats in the sea.

Problems with Linnaeus


 Linnaeus only named two kingdoms
 Plantae and Animalia
 He used what was known and available in the 18th century to classify organisms
 Based on observable characteristics only
Classification and Taxonomy Notes
Taxons:
TAXON REMEMBER
Dear
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti

Definitions to know:
Genus: is a group of closely related __________.
Species: Group of similar organisms that can _____________ and produce fertile offspring
Family: Group of genera that share many _________________.
Order: Group of similar _____________.
Class: Group of similar ___________.
Phylum: Group of closely related _____________.
Kingdom: Largest taxonomic group, consisting of closely related ____________.

Human Classification

TAXON Human
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Classification
 _______________ – particular group or level of organization
 Things to consider:
o Organisms that are in the same kingdom are not necessarily more similar than
those of the same species
o This applies to each taxonomic level
Classification and Taxonomy Notes
Dichotomous Key
 Help in identifying unknown organisms
 Identifies features that are similar and different
 This helps assign organisms to a particular category

Modern Classification
 Now, we have evolutionary relationships, DNA analysis, and more complete fossil record
to establish relationships
 Not just by visible _________________ anymore
 Biologists now use 3 ____________ to classify organisms
 Biologist use 6 kingdoms to separate organisms

Domains
 Domains are larger than __________________.
 Modern classification has introduced 3 major domains that organisms are classified into.
 3 Domains are:
o __________________
o ___________________
o ___________________

The Three-Domain System


Domain Bacteria
 Kingdom ___________________.
 Unicellular/Prokaryotes
 Cell walls have ________________.

Domain Archaea
 Kingdom __________________________.
 Unicellular/Prokaryotes
 Cell walls withOUT __________________.

Domain Eukarya
 ______________________, multi/unicellular
 Kingdoms _________________, ______________________,
_______________________, _________________.
Classification and Taxonomy Notes
Kingdom Classification
 Kingdom Archaebacteria
o Unicellular Prokaryote
o Cell walls withOUT Peptidoglycan
o Extremophiles – Love extreme environments like volcanoes, hydrothermal vents,
and hot springs
o ____________________: salt lovers
o ____________________: anaerobes
o ____________________: live in high temperatures

 Kingdom Eubacteria
o Unicellular ________________.
o Cell walls with ______________.
o All other bacteria you encounter everyday

 Kingdom Protista
o Unicellular or ___________________.
o Can live in colonies.

 Kingdom Fungi
o Unicellular or ______________________.
o Cell walls made of ___________________.
o Heterotrophs….they eat!

 Kingdom Plantae
o Multicellular
o Cell walls made of Cellulose
o Autotrophs….make their own food

 Kingdom Animalia
o ______________
o NO ______ _________.
o Heterotrophs….they eat

Classification Using Cladograms


___________________: A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group
of organisms.

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