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Test Methods and Requirements for Fastening

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 METODE ISPITIVANJA I ТЕHNIČKI USLОVI ZА SISТЕМЕ ŠINSKIH PRIČVRŠĆЕNЈА
ZA BETONSKE PRAGOVE

TEST METHODS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FASTENING SYSTEMS FOR

CONCRETE SLEEPERS

Мilicа VILОTIЈЕVIĆ STRUČNI RAD

PROFESSIONAL PAPER
Zdenka POPOVIĆ UDK: 625.142.4
Luka LAZAREVIĆ doi:10.5937/grmk1702033V

1 UVOD 1 INTRODUCTION

Harmonizacija tehničke regulative u oblasti Harmonization of technical regulation in the area of

železničke infrastrukture još uvek je u toku u Republici railway infrastructure is still in progress in the Republic of
Srbiji. Evropski komitet za standardizaciju (European Serbia. European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Committee for Standardization - CEN) izradio je seriju has created a group of standards EN 13481 - Railway
standarda EN 13481 – Primene na železnici – Kolosek – applications - Track - Performance requirements for
Tehnički uslovi za sisteme pričvršćenjа, koja se sastoji iz fastening systems, which consists of eight parts as listed
sledećih osam delova: below:
− Deo 1: Definicije [1]; − Part 1: Definitions [1],
− Deo 2: Sistemi šinskih pričvršćenja za betonske − Part 2: Fastening systems for concrete sleepers
pragove [2]; [2],
− Deo 3: Sistemi šinskih pričvršćenja za drvene − Part 3: Fastening systems for wood sleepers [3],
pragove [3]; − Part 4: Fastening systems for steel sleepers [4],
− Deo 4: Sistemi šinskih pričvršćenja za čelične − Part 5: Fastening systems for slab track with rail
pragove [4]; on the surface or rail embedded in a channel [5],
− Deo 5: Sistemi šinskih pričvršćenja za konstrukciju − Part 6 (European Prestandard): Special fastening
koloseka bez zastora, sa šinom položenom na gornju systems for attenuation of vibration [6],
površinu ili u kanalu ploče [5]; − Part 7: Special fastening systems for switches and
− Deo 6 (nacrt evropskog standarda): Specijalni crossings and check rails [7],
sistemi šinskih pričvršćenja za prigušenje vibracija [6]; − Part 8: Fastening systems for track with heavy
− Deo 7: Specijalni sistemi šinskih pričvršćenja za axle loads [8].
skretnice, ukrštaje i šine vođice [7];

Asistent Мilicа VILОTIЈЕVIĆ, msr.inž.građ. Teaching assistant Мilicа VILОTIЈЕVIĆ, MSc Civil Eng.,
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Građevinski fakultet, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, Beograd, Srbija, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, Belgrade, Serbia,
[email protected] [email protected]
Prof. dr Zdenka POPOVIĆ, dipl.građ.inž. Professor Zdenka POPOVIĆ, PhD Civil Eng.,
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Građevinski fakultet, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, Beograd, Srbija Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, Belgrade, Serbia,
[email protected] [email protected]
Doc. dr Luka LAZAREVIĆ, msr.inž.građ. Assistant professor Luka LAZAREVIĆ, PhD Civil Eng.,
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Građevinski fakultet, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, Beograd, Srbija Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, Belgrade, Serbia
[email protected] [email protected]

GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47) 33

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 − Deo 8: Sistemi šinskih pričvršćenja za velika The above mentioned parts 1 - 8 are adopted by the
osovinska opterećenja [8]. Institute for standardization of Serbia (ISS) [9], as shown
Gorepomenute delove – od 1 do 8 – usvojio je in Table 1. SRPS EN 13481 Serbian standard series is
Institut za standardizaciju Srbije (ISS) [9], kao što je identical with EN 13481 European Standard series.
prikazano u tabeli 1. Srpska serija standarda SRPS EN In addition, EN 13146 - Railway applications - Track -
13481 identična je sa evropskom serijom standarda EN Test methods for fastening systems supports the
13481. requirements defined in EN 13481 series and consists of
Pored toga, serija standarda EN 13146 – Primene na the following parts:
železnici – Kolosek – Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih − Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail restraint
pričvršćenja podržava zahteve iz serije EN 13481 i [10],
sastoji se iz sledećih delova: − Part 2: Determination of torsional resistance [11],
− Deo 1: Određivanje otpora podužnom pomeranju − Part 3: Determination of attenuation of impact
šine [10]; loads [12],
− Deo 2: Određivanje otpora zaokretanju šine [11]; − Part 4: Effect of repeated loading [13],
− Deo 3: Određivanje prigušenja udarnog − Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance [14],
opterećenja [12]; − Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions
− Deo 4: Ispitivanje uticaja ponavljanja opterećenja [15],
[13]; − Part 7: Determination of clamping force [16],
− Deo 5: Određivanje električnog otpora [14]; − Part 8: In service testing [17],
− Deo 6: Uticaj agresivne sredine [15]; − Part 9: Determination of stiffness [18].
− Deo 7: Određivanje sile pritezanja [16]; The parts 1 - 9 of EN 13146 standard series are
− Deo 8: Ispitivanje pod saobraćajem [17]; adopted by the ISS [19], as shown in Table 2. SRPS EN
− Deo 9: Određivanje krutosti [18]. 13146 Serbian standard series is identical with the EN
Delovi od 1 do 9 serije standarda EN 13146 usvojio 13146 European Standard series.
je ISS [19], kao što je prikazano u tabeli 2. Srpska serija
standarda SRPS EN 13146 identična je sa evropskom
serijom standarda EN 13146.

Tabela 1. Trenutno stanje srpske serije standarda SRPS EN 13481 prema [9]
Table 1. The latest stage of SRPS EN 13481 Serbian standard series according to [9]
Srpska oznaka standarda, naslov Status u Srbiji Identičan kao evropski standard
(Serbian standard designation, title) (Status in Serbia) (Identical with European standard)
SRPS EN 13481-1:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13481-1:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Tehnički uslovi za sisteme šinskih - Performance requirements for fastening
pričvršćenja - Deo 1: Definicije systems - Part 1: Definitions [1]
SRPS EN 13481-2:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13481-2:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Tehnički uslovi za sisteme šinskih - Performance requirements for fastening
pričvršćenja - Deo 2: Sistemi šinskih pričvršće- systems - Part 2: Fastening systems for
nja za betonske pragove concrete sleepers [2]
SRPS EN 13481-3:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13481-3:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Tehnički uslovi za sisteme šinskih - Performance requirements for fastening
pričvršćenja - Deo 3: Sistemi šinskih pričvršće- Objavljen systems - Part 3: Fastening systems for wood
nja za drvene pragove (Published) sleepers [3]
SRPS EN 13481-4:2013, Primene na železnici 24.06.2013 EN 13481-4:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Tehnički uslovi za sisteme šinskih - Performance requirements for fastening
pričvršćenja - Deo 4: Sistemi šinskih pričvršće- systems - Part 4: Fastening systems for steel
nja za čelične pragove sleepers [4]
SRPS EN 13481-5:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13481-5:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Tehnički uslovi za sisteme šinskih - Performance requirements for fastening
pričvršćenja - Deo 5: Sistemi šinskih pričvršće- systems - Part 5: Fastening systems for slab
nja za konstrukciju koloseka bez zastora sa ši- track with rail on the surface or rail embedded
nom položenom na gornju površinu ili u kanalu in a channel [5]
ploče
SRPS ENV 13481-6:2012, Primene na ENV 13481-6:2002, Railway applications -
Povučen
železnici - Kolosek - Tehnički uslovi za sisteme Track - Performance requirements for
(Withdrawn)
šinskih pričvršćenja - Deo 6: Specijalni sistemi fastening systems - Part 6: Special fastening
31.01.2014
šinskih pričvršćenja za prigušenje vibracija systems for attenuation of vibration [6]
SRPS EN 13481-7:2013, Primene na železnici Objavljen EN 13481-7:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Tehnički uslovi za sisteme šinskih (Published) - Performance requirements for fastening
pričvršćenja - Deo 7: Specijalni sistemi šinskih 24.06.2013 systems - Part 7: Special fastening systems for
pričvršćenja za skretnice, ukrštaje i šine vođice switches and crossings and check rails [7]
SRPS EN 13481-8:2011, Primene na železnici EN 13481-8:2006, Railway applications - Track
Povučen
- Kolosek - Tehnički uslovi za sisteme šinskih - Performance requirements for fastening
(Withdrawn)
pričvršćenja - Deo 8: Sistemi šinskih systems - Part 8: Fastening systems for track
31.01.2014
pričvršćenja za velika osovinska opterećenja with heavy axle loads [8]

34 GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 Usvojene serije standarda SRPS EN 13481 i SRPS The adopted SRPS EN 13481 and SRPS EN 13146
EN 13146 nisu prevedene na srpski jezik, izuzev standard series are not translated into Serbian language,
naslova i oblasti važenja. Značajna prepreka za efikasnu except the titles and scopes. Significant obstacle to the
primenu usvojenih standarda SRPS EN u inženjerskoj effective implementation of the adopted SRPS EN
praksi jeste nepostojanje njihovog zvaničnog prevoda na standards in engineering practice is the lack of official
srpski jezik. translation in Serbian language.
S obzirom na veliko interesovanje inženjerske Since there was a great interest by the engineering
stručne javnosti za ovu temu, ovaj rad jeste opširnija public for the subject, this paper is the wider version of
verzija rada koji su autori uspešno predstavili na the paper presented at the International conference
međunarodnoj konferenciji RAILCON 2016 u Nišu, 13. RAILCON 2016 held in Niš, Serbia on 13th of October,
oktobra 2016. godine [20]. 2016 [20].
U ovom radu razmatraju se tehnički zahtevi za In this paper, performance requirements for rail
sisteme šinskih pričvršćenja na prugama s fastening systems on rail lines axle load up to 350 kN
projektovanim osovinskim opterećenjem do 350 kN, u were considered according to the adopted SRPS EN
skladu sa serijama standarda SRPS EN 13481 i SRPS 13481 and SRPS EN 13146 standard series.
EN 13146.

Tabela 2. Trenutno stanje srpske serije standarda SRPS EN 13146 prema [19]
Table 2. The latest stage of SRPS EN 13146 Serbian standard series according to [19]
Srpska oznaka standarda, naslov Status u Srbiji Identičan kao evropski standard
(Serbian standard designation, title) (Status in Serbia) (Identical with European standard)
SRPS EN 13146-1:2015, Primene na železnici EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014, Railway
Objavljen
- Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih applications - Track - Test methods for
(Published)
pričvršćenja - Deo 1: Određivanje otpora fastening systems - Part 1: Determination of
28.07.2015
podužnom pomeranju šine longitudinal rail restraint [10]
SRPS EN 13146-2:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13146-2:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 2:
pričvršćenja -Deo 2: Određivanje otpora Determination of torsional resistance
Objavljen
zaokretanju šine [11]
(Published)
SRPS EN 13146-3:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13146-3:2012, Railway applications - Track
24.06.2013
- Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 3:
pričvršćenja - Deo 3: Određivanje prigušenja Determination of attenuation of impact loads
udarnog opterećenja [12]
SRPS EN 13146-4:2015, Primene na železnici EN 13146-4:2012+A1:2014, Railway
Objavljen
- Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih applications - Track - Test methods for
(Published)
pričvršćenja - Deo 4: Ispitivanje uticaja fastening systems - Part 4: Effect of repeated
28.07.2015
ponavljanja opterećenja loading [13]
SRPS EN 13146-5:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13146-5:2012, Railway applications - Track
-Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 5:
pričvršćenja - Deo 5: Određivanje električnog Determination of electrical resistance [14]
otpora
SRPS EN 13146-6:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13146-6:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 6:
pričvršćenja - Deo 6: Uticaj agresivne sredine Objavljen Effect of severe environmental conditions [15]
SRPS EN 13146-7:2013, Primene na železnici (Published) EN 13146-7:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih 24.06.2013 - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 7:
pričvršćenja - Deo 7: Određivanje sile Determination of clamping force [16]
pritezanja
SRPS EN 13146-8:2013, Primene na železnici EN 13146-8:2012, Railway applications - Track
- Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 8:
pričvršćenja - Deo 8: Ispitivanje pod In service testing [17]
saobraćajem
SRPS EN 13146-9:2011, Primene na železnici EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011, Railway
Objavljen
- Kolosek - Postupci ispitivanja sistema šinskih applications - Track - Test methods for
(Published)
pričvršćenja - Deo 9: Određivanje krutosti fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of
30.09.2011
stiffness [18]

GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47) 35

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
2 METODE ISPITIVANJA SISTEMA ŠINSKIH 2 TEST METHODS FOR RAIL FASTENING
PRIČVRŠĆENJA SYSTEMS

S obzirom na to što su sistemi pričvršćenja značajni Since fastening systems are safety critical, there is a
za bezbednost, potrebno je da postoje standardne need to have a standardised procedure to evaluate their
procedure za ocenu njihovih tehničkih karakteristika u performance in normal use. It is obvious that the real
uslovima normalnog korišćenja. Očigledno je da se real- conditions in track cannot always be simulated in
ni uslovi u koloseku ne mogu uvek u potpunosti simulirati laboratory tests from EN 13146 Parts 1 to 7 [10 - 16] and
u laboratorijskim ispitivanjima u EN 13146 Delovi 1–7 Part 9 [18]. Consequently, performance of rail fastening
[10–16] i Deo 9 [18]. Stoga, tehničke karakteristike siste- systems on European railway network is determined by
ma šinskih pričvršćenja na evropskoj železničkoj mreži laboratory test methods and in service testing (Part 8
određuju se metodama laboratorijskih ispitivanja i ispiti- [17]) in accordance with the EN 13146 standard series.
vanjem pod saobraćajem (Deo 8 [17]), u skladu sa These test procedures are applied to a complete
serijom standarda EN 13146. Ove procedure ispitivanja fastening assembly. The definitions of the terms used in
primenjuju se na kompletan sklop pričvršćenja. Definicije the EN 13146 series were specified in the EN 13481-1
termina koji se koriste u seriji EN 13146 navedene su u European Standard [1].
evropskom standardu EN 13481-1 [1]. After performing the measurements according to [10
Nakon sprovođenja merenja prema [10–18], - 18], it is necessary to draw up a test reports, which
neophodno je sastaviti izveštaje o ispitivanjima koji includes information in accordance with the
sadrže informacije, u skladu sa zahtevima relevantnog requirements of the relevant part of standard series.
dela serije standarda.

2.1 Određivanje otpora podužnom pomeranju šine 2.1 Determination of longitudinal rail restraint

Evropski standard EN 13146-1 [10] određuje pro- The European Standard EN 13146-1 [10] specifies a
cedure laboratorijskih ispitivanja za određivanje maksi- laboratory test procedure for determination of maximum
malne aksijalne sile koja deluje na šinu pričvršćenu axial load that can be applied to a rail, secured to a
pomoću sklopa šinskog pričvršćenja za prag, dugački sleeper, bearer or element of slab track by a rail
prag skretničke građe ili element čvrste kolosečne pod- fastening assembly, without non-elastic displacement of
loge, bez pojave neelastičnih pomeranja šine (slika 1). the rail (Figure 1). The specified test procedure applies
Navedene procedure ispitivanja primenjuju se na to a complete fastening assembly taking into account the
kompletan sklop pričvršćenja, imajući u vidu sledeće: following:

Slika 1. Postavka ispitivanja za određivanje otpora podužnom pomeranju šine i primer dijagrama sila-pomeranje (sa
izmerenim otporom podužnom pomeranju šine 15 kN) [21]
Figure 1. Test arrangement for determination the longitudinal rail restraint and an example of force-displacement diagram
(with measured longitudinal rail restraint 15 kN) [21]

36 GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 − procedura ispitivanja meri podužni otpor šine za − the test procedure measures the longitudinal rail
diskretne sisteme pričvršćenja sa šinom fiksiranom za restraint for discrete fastening systems, with rail fixed to
oslonac (prag, dugački prag skretničke građe ili element a supporting base (sleeper, bearer or element of slab
čvrste kolosečne podloge) u diskretnim intervalima; track) at discrete intervals, and
− procedura ispitivanja meri podužnu krutost za − the test procedure measures the longitudinal
athezivne sisteme pričvršćenja sa „utopljenom” šinom stiffness for an adhesive fastening system with an
(embedded rail). embedded rail.

2.2 Određivanje otpora zaokretanju šine 2.2 Determination of torsional resistance

Evropski standard EN 13146-2 [11] određuje EN 13146-2 European Standard [11] specifies a
proceduru laboratorijskog ispitivanja za određivanje laboratory test procedure to determine torsional
torzionog otpora za kompletan sklop pričvršćenja, koji se resistance of complete fastening assembly, which is
meri kao momenat potreban da se šina zaokrene za 1° u measured as the moment necessary to rotate a rail
ravni koja je paralelna oslonačkoj podlozi (slika 2). through 1° in a plane parallel to the base of the support
Dobijene vrednosti torzionog otpora koriste se u (Figure 2). The obtained value of torsional resistance is
proračunima stabilnosti koloseka. used in track stability calculations.

Slika 2. Postavka ispitivanja za određivanje otpora zaokretanju šine i primer dijagrama otpora zaokretanju šine
Figure 2. Test arrangement for determination of torsional resistance and an example of torsional resistance diagram

2.3 Određivanje prigušenja udarnog opterećenja 2.3 Determination of attenuation of impact loads

Evropski standard EN 13146-3 [12] određuje proce- EN 13146-3 European Standard [12] specifies
dure laboratorijskog ispitivanja za poređenje naprezanja laboratory test procedures for comparing the strains
izazvanih korišćenjem referentne šinske podloške s induced with a low attenuation reference rail pad and
malim prigušenjem i podloške koja se ispituje u sistemu with the test pad in the fastening system. An impact load
pričvršćenja. Udarno opterećenje nanosi se tegom koji is applied by dropping a mass onto the rail head (Figure
pada na glavu šine (slika 3). Šina je pričvršćena za 3). Rail is fastened to a concrete sleeper or bearer.
betonski prag ili dugački betonski prag skretničke građe.

2.4 Ispitivanje uticaja ponavljanja opterećenja 2.4 Determination of effect of repeated loading

Evropski standard EN 13146-4 [13] određuje proce- EN 13146-4 European Standard [13] specifies a
duru za laboratorijsko ispitivanje delovanja pokretnog laboratory test procedure for applying repeated loading
opterećenja koje se ponavlja u ciklusima i koje simulira which simulates the load caused by traffic on railway
opterećenje koloseka od saobraćaja (slika 4). Rezultati track (Figure 4). This test is used for assessing the long
ispitivanja koriste se za ocenu dugoročnog ponašanja term performance of fastening system in which a rail is
sistema direktnih šinskih pričvršćenja, u kojima je šina directly secured to the supporting structure with or
pričvršćena za oslonačku podlogu s podložnom pločom without a beseplate (“direct fastening systems” as in [1]).
ili bez nje (direktni sistemi pričvršćenja prema [1]). Uz In addition to other necessary information, test report
ostale neophodne informacije, izveštaj o ispitivanju sadrži contains result of visual inspection after the test (Figure
rezultate vizuelne inspekcije nakon ispitivanja (slika 5), 5), mean vertical static stiffness before and after cyclic

GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47) 37

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 Slika 3. Postavka ispitivanja za određivanje prigušenja Slika 4. Laboratorijsko ispitivanje sa ponavljanjem opterećenja
udarnog opterećenja [21]
Figure 3. Test arrangement for determination of Figure 4. Laboratory test with repeated loading [21]
attenuation of impact loads

Slika 5. Elementi pričvršćenja nakon ispitivanja sa ponavljanjem opterećenja

Figure 5. Fastening elements after repeated load test

srednju vertikalnu statičku krutost pre i posle ciklusa loading, longitudinal rail restraint before and after cyclic
opterećenja, podužni otpor šine pre i posle ciklusa opte- loading, clamping force before and after cyclic loading,
rećenja, silu pritezanja pre i posle ciklusa opterećenja, mean dynamic rail displacement at the beginning and
srednje dinamičko pomeranje šine na početku i na kraju the end of the repeated load test, mean residual
ispitivanja pomoću ponavljanja opterećenja, srednje displacement at maximum load at the end of the
zaostalo pomeranje pri maksimalnom opterećenju na repeated load test.
početku i na kraju ispitivanja pomoću ponavljanja
opterećenja.

38 GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
2.5 Određivanje električnog otpora 2.5 Determination of electrical resistance

Evropski standard EN 13146-5 [14] određuje EN 13146-5 European Standard [14] specifies a
proceduru za laboratorijsko ispitivanje za određivanje laboratory test procedure for determining electrical
električnog otpora u vlažnim uslovima. Električni otpor resistance in wet conditions. The electrical resistance
meri se između dve kratke šine koje su pričvršćene za between two short lengths of rail fastened to the support
oslonac (čelični ili betonski prag, dugački prag skretničke (steel or concrete sleeper, bearer or element of slab
građe ili element čvrste kolosečne podloge), dok se ceo track) is measured whilst the whole support and
oslonac i pričvršćenja prskaju vodom kontrolisanom fastenings are sprayed with water at a controlled rate
brzinom (slika 6). (Figure 6).

Slika 6. Određivanje električnog otpora u vlažnim uslovima u laboratoriji

Figure 6. Determining the electrical resistance in wet conditions in laboratory

2.6 Uticaj agresivne sredine 2.6 Effect of severe environmental conditions

Evropski standard EN 13146-6 [15] određuje EN 13146-6 European Standard [15] specifies a
proceduru laboratorijskog ispitivanja za određivanje laboratory test procedure for determining the effects of
uticaja agresivne sredine na sistem pričvršćenja (slika severe environmental conditions on the fastening system
7). Tokom ispitivanja, ceo sklop pričvršćenja izložen je (Figure 7). During the test, the complete fastening
dejstvu slanog spreja (tzv. so-sprej) i beleži se efekat assembly is exposed to a salt spray and the effect on
lakog rasklapanja i ponovnog sklapanja, kao i stanje ease of dismantling, and reassembly, and condition of
pojedinačnih komponenata. Izveštaj o ispitivanju sadrži individual components is recorded. Test report includes
promene u izgledu svake komponente tokom ispitivanja i change in appearance of each component during the
svaku nemogućnost rasklapanja i ponovnog sklapanja test and any failure to dismantle or reassemble the
sistema pričvršćenja. Buduće izmene ovog standarda fastening system. The future revisions of this standard
treba da uključe procedure za ispitivanja koja obuhvataju should include test procedures for covering other
i ostale uticaje sredine. environmental conditions.

Slika 7. Oprema za ispitivanje pomoću slanog spreja

Figure 7. The equipment for the salt spray test

GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47) 39

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
2.7 Određivanje sile pritezanja 2.7 Determination of clamping force

Evropski standard EN 13146-7 [16] određuje EN 13146-7 European Standard [16] specifies
procedure za laboratorijsko ispitivanje za određivanje laboratory test procedures for measuring clamping force
sile pritezanja (sila koja se nanosi na gornju površ (“force applied to the upper surface of one rail foot by the
nožice šine delovanjem stezaljki sklopa pričvršćenja [1]) fastening assembly clips” as in [1]) acting on the foot of a
koja deluje na nožicu šine. Sila pritezanja za kompletan rail. The clamping force for a complete rail fastening
sklop pričvršćenja određuje se merenjem sile potrebne assembly is determined by measuring the force
za odvajanje šine od površi na koju je oslonjena (slika necessary to separate the rail from the surface on which
8). Procedura ispitivanja može se primeniti za sisteme it is supported (Figure 8). The test procedure is
pričvršćenja s podložnom pločom i bez nje na prago- applicable to fastening systems with and without
vima, dugačkim pragovima skretničke građe i elemen- baseplates on sleepers, bearers and elements of slab
tima čvrste kolosečne podloge. track.

Slika 8. Postavka ispitivanja za merenje vertikalne sile neophodne za odvajanje šina od oslonačke konstrukcije u
laboratoriji
Figure 8. Test arrangement for measuring the vertical force necessary to separate the rail from support structure in
laboratory

2.8 Ispitivanje pod saobraćajem 2.8 In service testing

Evropski standard EN 13146-8 [17] određuje proce- EN 13146-8 European Standard [17] provides a
dure koje se mogu primeniti za poređenje tehničkih procedure which can be used to compare the
karakteristika u koloseku novog ili modifikovanog performance of new or modified fastening systems in
sistema pričvršćenja sa sistemom čije su tehničke karak- track with systems whose performance is known. The
teristike poznate. Sistem pričvršćenja koji se ispituje fastening system under test is installed in track at the
ugrađuje se u kolosek u isto vreme i pod istim uslovima same time and at the same conditions (the same grade
(isti kvalitet šinskog čelika i profil šine, pragovi, dugački and section of rail, sleepers, bearers or slab track of the
pragovi skretničke građe ili čvrsta kolosečna podloga od same material and design, as well as location in track
istog materijala i prema istom projektu, kao i položaj u with similar geometry and service conditions) as a
koloseku sa sličnim uslovima geometrije koloseka i reference fastening system. Length of the test section
uslovima saobraćaja) kao i referentni sistem pričvrš- should not be less than 500 sleepers with installed test
ćenja. Dužina test-deonice ne treba da bude kraća od fastening system and 500 sleepers with installed
500 pragova sa ugrađenim sistemom pričvršćenja koje reference fastening system (200 sleepers each on metro
se ispituje i 500 pragova sa ugrađenim referentnim systems), or their equivalent (slab track). Duration of the
sistemom pričvršćenja (po 200 pragova za metro sistem) test corresponds to the traffic dynamics required to pass
ili njihovim ekvivalentom (kolosek na čvrstoj podlozi). over the test track (e.g. 20 × 106 gross t in track with
Ispitivanje treba da traje toliko koliko je potrebno da maximum axle loads > 100 kN) and shall not be less
određeni saobraćaj prođe preko koloseka koji se ispituje than one year. During the test each fastening system
6
(npr. 20 × 10 bruto tona u koloseku s maksimalnim shall be maintained in accordance with the
osovinskim opterećenjem > 100 kN), a ne sme biti kraće manufacturer's instructions. Inspection of the test and
od godinu dana. Za vreme ispitivanja, svaki sistem reference fastening systems includes:
pričvršćenja treba da se održava u skladu sa instruk-
cijama proizvođača. Inspekcija sistema pričvršćenja koji
se ispituje i referentnog sistema pričvršćenja uključuje:

40 GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 − merenje širine koloseka; − track gauge measurement,
− podužno pomeranje šine, relativno u odnosu na − longitudinal movement of rail, relative to the
prag ili čvrstu kolosečnu podlogu i maksimalni raspon sleeper or slab support, and maximum daily temperature
dnevne temperature; range,
− uticaj na performanse signalnih sistema; − effect on performance of signalling systems,
− silu pritezanja (na ne manje od deset sklopova) − clamping force (on not less than 10 assemblies)
korišćenjem metode ispitivanja u koloseku, koju using the manufacturer's recommended test method for
preporučuje proizvođač; use in track,
− sigurnost veze s pragovima; − security of attachment to the sleepers,
− stanje na glavi šine; − condition of the rail head,
− stanje pragova uključujući zonu oslanjanja šine na − condition of sleepers including rail seat area,
prag; − condition of individual fastening components,
− stanje pojedinačnih komponenata pričvršćenja; − ease of assembly and removal using the tools
− jednostavno ugrađivanje i demontiranje korišće- recommended by the manufacturer.
njem alata po preporuci proizvođača.

2.9 Određivanje krutosti 2.9 Determination of stiffness

Evropski standard EN 13146-9 [18] daje zajedno EN 13146-9 European Standard [18] provides
metode ispitivanja za merenje krutosti podloški i sklopa together test methods for measuring the stiffness of
pričvršćenja pod statičkim, niskofrekventnim i visoko- pads and fastening assemblies under static, low
frekventnim dinamičkim opterećenjem. Postavka ispitiva- frequency and high frequency dynamic loading. Test
nja za podloške prikazana je na slici 9. arrangement for pads is shown in Figure 9.
Procedure ispitivanja za kompletan sklop šinskog Test procedures for complete rail fastening
pričvršćenja sadrže procedure statičkog ispitivanja, assemblies include static test procedure, dynamic low
dinamičkog niskofrekventnog i dinamičkog visokofrek- frequency test and dynamic high frequency test (Figure
ventnog ispitivanja (slika 10). 10).

Slika 9. Postavka ispitivanja za merenje krutosti podloške

Figure 9. Test arrangement for measuring the stiffness of pad

Slika 10. Postavka ispitivanja za dinamičku krutost kompletnog sklopa pričvršćenja

Figure 10. Dynamic stiffness test arrangement for complete rail fastening assemblies

GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47) 41

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 Dobijena vrednost krutosti koristi se u proračunu The obtained value of stiffness is used in track
stabilnosti koloseka. stability calculations.

3 TEHNIČKI USLOVI ZA SISTEME ŠINSKIH 3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR

PRIČVRŠĆENJA ZA BETONSKE PRAGOVE FASTENING SYSTEMS ON CONCRETE
SLEEPERS
Definicije termina korišćene u seriji EN 13481
navode se u evropskom standardu EN 13481-1 [1]. U The definitions of the terms used in EN 13481
skladu sa [1], sistem pričvršćenja jeste sklop European Standard series were specified in EN 13481-1
komponenata koji pričvršćuje šinu za podlogu i zadržava [1]. In accordance with [1], “fastening system is
je u zahtevanoj poziciji uz omogućavanje potrebnog assembly of components which secures a rail to the
vertikalnog, bočnog i podužnog pomeranja. supporting structure and retains it in the required
Ova serija standarda razmatra specifične zahteve za position whilst permitting any necessary vertical, lateral
sisteme pričvršćenja u zavisnosti od tipa oslonačke and longitudinal movement”.
konstrukcije (betonski pragovi [2], drveni pragovi [3], This standard series considers specific requirements
čelični pragovi [4], čvrsta kolosečna podloga [5]), kao i for fastening systems depending on the type of sup-
zahteve za specijalne sisteme pričvršćenja (za porting structure (concrete sleepers [2], wood sleepers
prigušenje vibracija [6], skretnice i ukrštaje, te šine [3], steel sleepers [4], slab track [5]), as well as require-
vođice [7] i za kolosek za teška osovinska opterećenja ments for special fastening systems (for attenuation of
[8]). vibration [6], switches and crossings and check rails [7]
S obzirom na to što su u primeni najčešće sistemi and for track with heavy axle loads [8]).
pričvršćenja za betonske pragove u zastoru od tucanika, Since the fastening systems on concrete sleepers in
u radu se prikazuju tehnički uslovi za sisteme ballasted track are usually in use, the paper presents
pričvršćenja u skladu sa [2]. Ovi zahtevi primenjuju se na performance requirements for fastening systems in
glavnim prugama, kao i za lake šinske sisteme u skladu accordance with [2]. These requirements apply to main
s tabelom 3. lines, as well as to light rail systems according to Table 3.

Tabela 3. Kategorije pričvršćenja u skladu sa [1, 2]

Table 3. Fastening categories in accordance with [1, 2]

Kategorije sistema pričvršćenja

A B C D E
(Categories of fastening system)

Tipična maksimalna brzina [km/h]

100 140 250 ≥250 200
(Typical maximum speed [km/h])

Tipično [1]
100 160 225 180 300
(Typical [1] )
Osovinsko opterećenje [kN]
(Axle load [kN])
Maksimum [2]
130 180 260 260 350
(Maximum [2] )

Tipično [1]
80 100 400 800 150
(Typical [1] )
Radijus krivine [m]
(Curve radius [m])
Minimum [2]
40 80 150 400 150
(Minimum [2])

Tipičan profil šine

40E1 54E1 60E1 60E1 60E1
(Typical rail section)

Tipičan razmak pragova [m]

0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
(Typical sleeper spacing [m])

Napomena: Maksimalno osovinsko opterećenje za kategorije A i B se ne primenjuje za vozila za održavanje

(Note: The maximum axle load for A and B categories does not apply to maintenance vehicles)

42 GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 Ovi tehnički uslovi primenjuju se za direktne i These requirements apply to direct and indirect
indirektne sisteme pričvršćenja koji deluju na nožicu i/ili fastening systems which act on the foot and/or web of
vrat šine (slika 11). Nadalje, oni se primenjuju za profile the rail (Figure 11). Further, they apply for the rail
šine u skladu sa [22] (izuzev 49E4) i u skladu sa [23]. sections in accordance with [22] (excluding 49E4) and
Treba naglasiti i to da se ovaj standard ne primenjuje za according to [23]. It should be noted that this standard is
krute sisteme pričvršćenja (npr. K kruti sistem inapplicable to rigid fastening systems (e.g. K fastening
pričvršćenja koji je često zastupljen na prugama u Srbiji). system which is still mostly in use on railway lines in
Serbia).

Slika 11. Sistem pričvršćenja koji pridržava vrat šine

(Vanguard – Pandrol sistem pričvršćenja, snimljeno u stanici Beograd Centar, 2016)
Figure 11. Fastening system supporting the rail web
(Vanguard – Pandrol fastening system, foto taken in Beograd Centar station, 2016)

Tehnički uslovi za sisteme pričvršćenja za korišćenje Performance requirements for fastening systems for
na betonskim pragovima koloseka u zastoru od tucanika use on concrete sleepers in ballasted track include
obuhvataju podužni otpor šine, otpor zaokretanju šine longitudinal rail restraint, torsional resistance,
(torzioni otpor), prigušenje udarnog opterećenja, uticaj attenuation of impact loads, effect of repeated loading,
ponavljanja opterećenja, električni otpor sistema pričvrš- electrical resistance of fastening system and sleeper,
ćenja i praga, uticaj izloženosti agresivnim uslovima sre- effect of exposure to severe environmental conditions,
dine, ukupne dimenzije, uticaj tolerancija sistema pri- overall dimensions, effect of fastening system tolerances
čvršćenja na širinu koloseka, silu pritezanja i ispitivanje on track gauge, clamping force, and in-service testing.
pod saobraćajem. Required longitudinal rail resistance depends on the
Zahtevani podužni otpor šine zavisi od ograničenja speed limit and the special requirements of substructure.
za brzinu i specijalnih zahteva konstrukcije donjeg stroja. In that sense, the longitudinal rail resistance shall be not
U tom smislu, podužni otpor šine ne treba da bude manji less than 7 kN (controlled over the measurement
od 7 kN (kontrolisano na osnovu procesa merenja u process according to EN 13146-1) on the conventional
skladu sa EN 13146-1) na konvencionalnim prugama i rail lines and not less than 9 kN on high-speed lines (≥
ne treba da bude manji od 9 kN na prugama za velike 250 km/h).
brzine (≥ 250 km/h). In accordance with the design of the track supporting
U skladu s projektom konstrukcije kolosečne structure, the minimum requirement for longitudinal
podloge, minimalni uslovi za podužni otpor mogu da se restraint may be reduced by agreement between the
redukuju na osnovu ugovora kupca i proizvođača. Na purchaser and manufacturer. For example, the utilization
primer, korišćenje dilatacionih sprava za sprečavanje of expansion devices to prevent excessive longitudinal
prekomernih podužnih pomeranja i sila na dugačkim displacements and forces on the long railway bridges is
železničkim mostovima je skupo i loše rešenje u pogledu expensive and bad solution in regard to traffic safety and
bezbednosti saobraćaja i udobnosti, kao i troškova comfort, as well as maintenance costs. Therefore, it can
održavanja. Zbog toga se mogu primeniti alternativna be applied an alternative solution of fastening system
rešenja sistema pričvršćenja s redukovanim otporom with reduced rail longitudinal restraint. Figures 12 and 13
podužnom pomeranju šine. Slike 12 i 13 prikazuju show the PANDROL® ZLR (Zero Longitudinal Restraint)
®
PANDROL ZLR (Zero Longitudinal Restraint – nulti system designed to keep track forces from being
podužni otpor) sistem koji je projektovan tako da se ne transmitted to bridge, to hold the rail vertically in place,
prenesu sile s koloseka na most, da se zadrži šina u to provide lateral restraint and to prevent rail rollover.
vertikalnoj poziciji, da se obezbedi bočni otpor i da se The torsional resistance is measured in accordance
spreči prevrtanje šine. with [2] and the result reported.

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BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 Otpor zaokretanju šine (torzioni otpor) meri se u For fastening systems described as having medium
skladu sa [2], a rezultat se unosi u izveštaj. or high attenuation of dynamic loads, test shall be
Za sisteme pričvršćenja koji imaju srednje ili veliko conducted in accordance with [3] and the result reported.
prigušenje dinamičkog opterećenja, ispitivanje treba da Test results for medium attenuation shall be in the range
bude sprovedeno u skladu sa [3], a rezultat se unosi u from 15 % to 30 %, and for high attenuation over 30 %.
izveštaj. Rezultati za srednje prigušenje treba da budu u The assembly static stiffness and assembly low
rangu od 15% do 30%, a za veliko prigušenje > 30%. frequency dynamic stiffness shall be measured in
Statička krutost sklopa i niskofrekventna dinamička accordance with [19]. At the request of the customer, the
krutost sklopa treba da se mere u skladu sa [19]. Na rail pad static stiffness, low frequency dynamic stiffness
zahtev naručioca, statička krutost šinske podloške, of the rail pad and the assembly high frequency dynamic
niskofrekventna dinamička krutost šinske podloške i stiffness should be measured in accordance with [19]
sklopovi sa visokofrekventnom dinamičkom krutošću and [2] (loads for measurement of stiffness were defined
treba da se mere u skladu sa [19] i [2] (opterećenja za in [2]).
merenje krutosti su definisana u [2]).

Slika 12. Sistem pričvršćenja Pandrol ZLR sa zazorom između izolatora stezaljke i nožice šine
Figure 12. Pandrol ZLR fastening system with the gap betwen toe insulator and foot of rail

Slika 13. Ugrađeni sistem pričvršćenja sa stezaljkom ZLR (sistem Pandrol VIPA) na mostu
Figure 13. Installed fastening system with ZLR clips (Pandrol VIPA system) on a bridge

Uticaj ponovljenog opterećenja treba da se odredi u The effect of repeated loading shall be determined
skladu s procedurom definisanom u [13], koriščenjem by the procedure defined in [13] using the test loads and
opterećenja za ispitivanje i pozicije koje su definisane u positions defined in [2].
[2].
U skladu sa [13], treba obaviti sledeća merenja pre i In accordance with [13], the following measurements
posle ponovljenog opterećenja: shall be performed before and after repeated loading:
− otpor podužnom pomeranju (dozvoljena promena − longitudinal rail restraint (permitted change ≤20%),
≤ 20 %); − vertical static stiffness change (permitted change
− promena vertikalne statičke krutosti (dozvoljena ≤25%), and
promena ≤ 25 %); − clamping force (permitted change for fastening
− sila pritezanja (dozvoljena promena za sisteme systems which act on the foot of the rail ≤20%).
šinskih pričvršćenja koji deluju na nožicu šine ≤ 20 %).

44 GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
 Električna izolovanost ne treba da bude manja od 5 The electrical insulation shall be not less than 5 kΩ
kΩ kada se meri u skladu sa [14]. Korisnik može da when measured in accordance with [14]. The user may
definiše veće vrednosti u slučaju kada se kolosek koristi specify a higher value for use with certain track circuits
kao povratni vod (smernice za struju za vuču vozila date (guidance on traction currents is given in [24] and SRPS
su u [24] i SRPS EN 50122-2). EN 50122-2).
Uticaj izloženosti agresivnim uslovima sredine Effect of exposure to severe environmental
određuje se u skladu sa [15] na osnovu ispitivanja conditions is determined in accordance with [15] based
pomoću slanog spreja. Nakon ispitivanja, šinsko on the salt spray test. After the test, the fastening
pričvršćenje treba da bude sposobno da se rasklopi bez assembly shall be capable of being dismantled, without
oštećenja bilo koje komponente i da se ponovo sklopi failure of any component and reassembled using manual
ručnim alatom koji je namenjen za tu svrhu. tools provided for this purpose.
Slika 14 prikazuje anvelopu za sisteme šinskog Figure 14 shows the envelope for rail fastening
pričvršćenja (koji deluju na nožicu šine) za betonske systems (which act on the foot of the rail) for concrete
pragove u zastoru od tucanika i profil šine u skladu sa sleepers in ballasted track and rail section in accordance
[22] (izuzev 49E4) i u skladu sa [23]. Ova anvelopa with [22] (excluding 49E4) and [23]. This envelope is
neophodna je da bi se sprečila kolizija s točkom necessary to avoid interference with vehicles including
uključujući vozila za održavanje. track maintenance vehicles.
Treba napomenuti i to da za sisteme pričvršćenja koji It should be noted that for web support fastening
deluju na vrat šine minimum prostora za prolaz venca systems, the minimum flangeway shall comply with
točka treba da bude u skladu s nacionalnim propisima, a national regulations and the envelope of the fastening
anvelopu sistema pričvršćenja treba da obezbedi systems shall be provided by the supplier.
isporučilac.

Slika 14. Anvelopa za sistem šinskog pričvršćenja (koji deluje na nožicu šine) za betonski prag u koloseku sa zastorom
od tucanika
Figure 14. Envelope for rail fastening systems (which act on the rail foot) for concrete sleepers in ballasted track

Proizvođač treba da obezbedi tehničke crteže veze The manufacturer shall provide a drawing of the
sistema pričvršćenja i praga. Promene statičke širine interface between the fastening system and the sleeper.
koloseka, koje se mogu pojaviti usled sistema The variation in the static track gauge which can arise
pričvršćenja - ne treba da pređu ± 1 mm. from the fastening system shall not exceed ± 1 mm.
Sila pritezanja za sisteme pričvršćenja (koji deluju na Clamping force for fastening systems (acting on the
nožicu šine) treba da se odredi po proceduri propisanoj rail foot) shall be determined by the procedure
u [16], a rezultati treba da se prikažu u izveštaju. Zahtevi prescribed in [16] and the results shall be reported. The
za silu pritezanja ne mogu da se primene na sisteme requirement for clamping force is inapplicable to web
pričvršćenja koji deluju na vrat šine. support fastening systems.
Ispitivanje pod saobraćajem treba da se sprovede u In-service testing shall be carried out in accordance
skladu sa [17] - na zahtev kupca. with [17] at the request of the customer.
Druge posebne zahteve za sisteme šinskih Other specific requirements for fastening system
pričvršćenja moraju da definišu korisnici. must be defined by the customer.

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BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)
4 ZAKLJUČAK 4 CONCLUSION

U ovom radu razmatrani su tehnički zahtevi za In this paper, technical requirements for rail fastening
sisteme šinskih pričvršćenja na prugama s systems on rail lines with design axle load up to 350 kN
projektovanim osovinskim opretećenjem do 350 kN, u were considered in accordance with EN 13481
skladu sa evropskom serijom standarda EN 13481. European Standard series. It points to the mandatory
Ukazuje se na obavezne tehničke zahteve u skladu sa requirements and according to the European standards
evropskim standardima i specifične zahteve, u skladu sa and specific requirements according to the conditions of
uslovima projekta. the project.
Rad prikazuje tehničke uslove za sisteme The paper presents the performance requirements
pričvršćenja za betonske pragove u koloseku sa for fastening systems on concrete sleepers in ballasted
zastorom od tucanika zato što su ovi sistemi pričvršćenja track since these fastening systems are commonly used
najčešće u upotrebi u Srbiji. in Serbia.
Metode ispitivanja sistema pričvršćenja posebno su Test methods for fastening systems were particularly
razmatrane u skladu sa evropskom serijom standarda discussed in accordance with EN 13146 European
EN 13146. Standard series.
Obe pomenute serije standarda usvojio je Institut za Both of the above mentioned standard series were
standardizaciju Srbije kao srpske standarde SRPS EN adopted by the Institute for Standardization of Serbia as
13481 (Delovi 1–8) i SRPS EN 13146 (Delovi 1–9). Serbian standards SRPS EN 13481 (Parts 1 - 8) and
Trenutno stanje procesa harmonizacije za obe serije SRPS EN 13146 (Parts 1 - 9). State of the art in the
standarda prikazano je u tabelama 1 i 2. Primena harmonization process of both standard series is shown
strandarda SRPS EN otežana je zbog toga što su in Tables 1 and 2. Implementation of SRPS EN
objavljeni samo na engleskom jeziku, nisu prevedeni na standards is difficult because they were published only in
srpski jezik. English.
Cilj rada jeste da se inženjerska javnost u Srbiji The aim of the paper is to introduce engineering
upozna s pomenutim serijama standarda i da se olakša public in Serbia with mentioned two standard series and
njihova praktična primena. to facilitate their practical implementation.

ZAHVALNICA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Ovaj rad je podržalo Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i This work was supported by the Ministry of
tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije broj 36012: Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia through
„Istraživanje tehničko-tehnološke, kadrovske i organiza- the research project No. 36012: “Research of technical-
cione osposobljenosti Železnica Srbije sa aspekta technological, staff and organizational capacity of
sadašnjih i budućih zahteva Evropske unije”. Serbian Railways, from the viewpoint of current and
future European Union requirements”.

5 LITERATURA
REFERENCES
[1] CEN/TC 256: EN 13481-1:2012, Railway [6] CEN/TC 256: ENV 13481-6:2002, Railway
applications - Track - Performance requirements applications - Track - Performance requirements
for fastening systems - Part 1: Definitions, 2012. for fastening systems - Part 6: Special fastening
[2] CEN/TC 256: EN 13481-2:2012, Railway systems for attenuation of vibration, 2002.
applications - Track - Performance requirements [7] CEN/TC 256: EN 13481-7:2012, Railway
for fastening systems - Part 2: Fastening systems applications - Track - Performance requirements
for concrete sleepers, 2012. for fastening systems - Part 7: Special fastening
[3] CEN/TC 256: EN 13481-3:2012, Railway systems for switches and crossings and check
applications - Track - Performance requirements rails, 2012.
for fastening systems - Part 3: Fastening systems [8] CEN/TC 256: EN 13481-8:2006, Railway
for wood sleepers, 2012. applications - Track - Performance requirements
[4] CEN/TC 256: EN 13481-4:2012, Railway for fastening systems - Part 8: Fastening systems
applications - Track - Performance requirements for track with heavy axle loads, 2006.
for fastening systems - Part 4: Fastening systems [9] http://www.iss.rs/en/standard/?keywords=13481&S
for steel sleepers, 2012. ubmit= (accessed on January 2017.)
[5] CEN/TC 256: EN 13481-5:2012, Railway [10] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-1:2012+A1:2014, Railway
applications - Track - Performance requirements applications - Track - Test methods for fastening
for fastening systems - Part 5: Fastening systems systems - Part 1: Determination of longitudinal rail
for slab track with rail on the surface or rail restraint, 2014.
embedded in a channel, 2012.

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 [11] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-2:2012, Railway [18] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-9:2009+A1:2011, Railway
applications - Track - Test methods for fastening applications - Track - Test methods for fastening
systems - Part 2: Determination of torsional systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness, 2011.
resistance, 2012. [19] http://www.iss.rs/en/standard/?keywords=13146&S
[12] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-3:2012, Railway ubmit= (accessed on January 2017.)
applications - Track - Test methods for fastening [20] Vilotijević, M., Popović, Z., Lazarević, L.:
systems - Part 3: Determination of attenuation of Performance Requirements for Rail Fastening
impact loads, 2012. Systems on European Railway Network,
[13] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-4:2012+A1:2014, Railway International XVII Scientific-Expert Conference on
applications - Track - Test methods for fastening Railways RAILCON ‘16, October 13-14, Niš,
systems - Part 4: Effect of repeated loading, 2014. Serbia, 2016, pp. 137-140.
[14] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-5:2012, Railway [21] Vojnotehnički institut: Izveštaj o ispitivanjima
applications - Track - Test methods for fastening kolosečnog pričvrsnog pribora Vossloh W14,
systems - Part 5: Determination of electrical Beograd, 2007.
resistance, 2012. [22] CEN/TC 256: EN 13674-1:2011, Railway
[15] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-6:2012, Railway applications - Track - Rail - Part 1: Vignole railway
applications - Track - Test methods for fastening rails 46 kg/m and above, 2011.
systems - Part 6: Effect of severe environmental [23] CEN/TC 256: EN 13674-4:2006+A1:2009, Railway
conditions, 2012. applications - Track - Rail - Part 4: Vignole railway
[16] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-7:2012, Railway rails from 27 kg/m to, but excluding 46 kg/m, 2009.
applications - Track - Test methods for fastening [24] CLC/SC 9XC: EN 50122-2:2010, Railway
systems - Part 7: Determination of clamping force, applications - Fixed installations - Electrical safety,
2012. earthing and the return circuit - Part 2: Provisions
[17] CEN/TC 256: EN 13146-8:2012, Railway against the effects of stray currents caused by d.c.
applications - Track - Test methods for fastening traction systems, 2010.
systems - Part 8: In service testing, 2012.

REZIME SUMMАRY

METODE ISPITIVANJA I ТЕHNIČKI USLОVI ZА

SISТЕМЕ ŠINSKIH PRIČVRŠĆЕNЈА ZA BETONSKE TEST METHODS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR
PRAGOVE FASTENING SYSTEMS FOR CONCRETE SLEEPERS

Мilicа VILОTIЈЕVIĆ Мilicа VILОTIЈЕVIC

Zdenka POPOVIĆ Zdenka POPOVIC
Luka LAZAREVIĆ Luka LAZAREVIC

Prоgrаm rеkоnstrukciје i mоdеrnizаciје žеlеzničkе In order to realize interoperability of railway system,

mrеžе Rеpublikе Srbiје trеbа usklаditi s tеhničkim the reconstruction and modernization plan of railway
uslоvimа еvrоpskе žеlеzničkе mrеžе, kаkо bi sе network in the Republic of Serbia should be harmonized
rеаlizоvаli zаhtеvi intеrоpеrаbilnоsti žеlеzničkоg with technical requirements of European railway
sistеmа. Nа оsnоvu usvојеnе sеriје stаndаrdа SRPS EN network. Performance requirements for fastening
13481 i SRPS ЕN 13146, аnаlizirајu sе tеhnički uslоvi systems for concrete sleepers were analysed according
zа primеnu sistеmа šinskih pričvršćеnjа za betonske to the adopted standard series SRPS EN 13481 and
pragove. Cilj rada jeste da se inženjerska javnost u Srbiji SRPS EN 13146. The aim of the paper is to introduce
upozna s pomenutim serijama standarda i da se olakša engineering public in Serbia with mentioned two
njihova praktična primena. standard series and to facilitate their practical
implementation.
Ključne reči: železnica, sistemi šinskih pričvršćenja,
metode laboratorijskih ispitivanja, ispitivanje pod Key words: railway, fastening systems, laboratory
saobraćajem, tehnički uslovi, harmonizacija test methods, in service testing, performance
requirements, harmonization

GRAĐEVINSKI MATERIJALI I KONSTRUKCIJE 60 (2017) 2 (33-47) 47

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 60 (2017) 2 (33-47)

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