AS 203 Gas Dynamics

Solutions to Practice Problems - 1

Instructor: Dr. T. M. Muruganandam; Date: Feb 17, 2008

NOTE: Specific gas contant R = 287 J/Kg/K and γ = 1.4 is used wherever not mentioned.

1. Gas at Po = 10 MPa and To = 1000K is expanded to p = 1 atm = 1.01325 ∗ 105 P a

Assuming adiabatic expansion:
  γ
Po (γ − 1) 2 γ−1
= 1+ M
p 2
Substituting p, P o and γ = 1.4 we get M = 3.68
Also,
 
To (γ − 1) 2
= 1+ M
T 2
So, at To = 1000K and M = 3.68 we get T = 269.7K
v v
M= =√
c γRT
Substituting values we get v = 1211.42 m/s

2. Air moving at v = 1000 m/s at p = 1atm = 1.01325 ∗ 105 P a and T = 300K is isentropically expanded to
T = 100K
v
M1 = √ = 2.88
γRT
From gastables for isentropic flows at M1 = 2.88 we get T /To = 0.3761 and p/Po = 0.0326.
Using the given static temperature and pressure values we get: To = 797.67K and Po = 3.11M P a

Since To reamins contant due to isentropic expansion, at the final temperature T = 100K, we have T /To =
0.1254. Using gastbales we get M2 = 5.90 and p2 /Po = 0.0007.
p
v2 = M2 γRT = 1182.65m/s

and

p2 = 21756.9P a

3. Special gas (γ = 1.3 and M W = 18), therefore

8314.3
Rgas = = 461.90 J/Kg/K
18

Argon (γ = 1.67 and M W = 40), therefore

8314.3
Rargon = = 207.858 J/Kg/K
40
Since the Mach numbers are same
v v
(√ )gas = ( √ )argon
γRT γRT
Therefore,
√
vgas ( γRT )argon
= √ (1)
vargon ( γRT )gas
Since,
 
To (γ − 1) 2
= 1+ M
T 2
and stagnation conditions are same we can write:

Targon (1 + (γ−1) 2
2 M )gas
= (2)
Tgas (1 + (γ−1) 2
2 M )argon

Using (1) and (2) we get:

vgas
= 1.84775
vargon

4. Supersonic aircraft is flying at h = 5km

T = To − Lh

and
 g/RL
Th
p = Po
To

where L (Lapse rate) = 0.0065 K/m, To (Sea level) = 288 K and Po (Sea level) = 1.01325 * 105 Pa

So, at h = 5 km = 5000 m we get T = 255.5 K and p = 0.55 * 105 Pa

The maximum pressure that the structure can withstand is p = 10 bar = 10 * 105 Pa

Considering body fixed co-ordinates we need to find the maximum permissible mach number for p1 = 0.55 *
105 Pa and Po2 = 106 Pa

Using gastables for normal shock relations, for

Po2
= 18.18
p1
we get mach number M = 3.70

Therefore, the maximum relative airspeed will be

p
v = M ∗ γRT1 = 1185.5m/s

5. A meteor is flying at M =25. Using normal shock relations at M = 25 we get:

T2
= 122.47
T1
Now, maximum T2 that the structure can withstand is 1300 K, so maximum permissible T1 is

T1 = 10.61K

The altitude corresponding to this temperature will be somewhere in Mesosphere 60-70 Km

6. Shock velocity Vs = 2000 m/s. To = 500 K and Po = 3 atm = 3 * 1.01325 * 105 Pa

Using shock fixed co-ordinates:

v
M1 = √ = 4.46
γRT

Using gastables for Normal Shock at M1 = 4.46 we get M2 = 0.4243, p2 /p1 = 23.0402 and T2 /T1 = 4.8053
In shock fixed co-ordinates:

T1 = To = 500K and p1 = Po = 3.03975 ∗ 105 P a

Therefore,

T2 = 2402.65K p2 = 70.0364 ∗ 105 P a

Let the actual velocity behind the shock in shock free co-ordinates be u2 . Mach number behind the shock in
shock fixed co-ordinates is given as:
 Vs − u2
M2 = √
γRT2

Therefore, actual Mach number behind the shock in shock free co-ordinates will be:
u2 Vs
M2f ree = √ =√ − M2
γRT2 γRT2
u2 Vs
M2f ree = √ =√ − M2 = 2.03554 − 0.4243 = 1.61124
γRT2 γRT2

7. Shock velocity Vs = -800 m/s and flow velocity is 50 m/s. Therefore in shock free co-ordinates v1 = 50 m/s
Also, T1 = 300 K and p1 = 1 atm = 1.01325 * 105 Pa

In shock fixed co-ordinates:

v1 − V s
M1 = √ = 2.45
γRT

Using gastables for Normal Shock at M1 = 2.45 we get M2 = 0.5179, p2 /p1 = 6.8363 and T2 /T1 = 2.0885

Using the given values we get:

T2 = 626.55K p2 = 6.92688 ∗ 105 P a

Let the actual velocity behind the shock in shock free co-ordinates be u2 . Mach number behind the shock in
shock fixed co-ordinates is given as:
Vs − u2
M2 = √
γRT2

Therefore, actual Mach number behind the shock in shock free co-ordinates will be:
u2 Vs
M2f ree = √ =√ − M2
γRT2 γRT2
u2 Vs
M2f ree = √ =√ − M2 = 1.5944 − 0.5179 = 1.0765
γRT2 γRT2

8. Similar to problem 6, we have shock moving with velocity Vs = 800 m/s, T1 = 300 K and p1 = 1 atm =
1.01325 * 105 Pa
In shock fixed co-ordinates:
v1 − V s
M1 = √ = 2.304
γRT

Using gastables for Normal Shock at M1 = 2.304 we get M2 = 0.5339, p2 /p1 = 6.0265 and T2 /T1 = 1.9505

Using the given values we get:

T2 = 585.15K p2 = 6.10635 ∗ 105 P a
Now, using gastables for isentropic flow at M2 = 0.5339 we get p/Po = 0.8236
So, the maximum pressure experienced by the building is:
Po = p2 /0.8236 = 7.41422 ∗ 105 P a = 7.317atm

9. Using gastables for weak oblique shock at M1 = 3 and θ = 15 we get for,

• γ = 1.3: wave angle = 31.53, p2 /p1 = 2.7048 and T2 /T1 = 1.3666
• γ = 1.4: wave angle = 32.2404, p2 /p1 = 2.8216 and T2 /T1 = 1.3883
• γ = 1.67: wave angle = 34.2851, p2 /p1 = 3.1652 and T2 /T1 = 1.4511
10. M1 = 3, p1 = 2 atm and T = 250 K.
Using gastables for isentropic flow ta M1 = 3 we get: p1 /Po1 = 0.0272 and T1 /To1 = 0.3571 So,

Po1 = 73.529atm and To1 = 700.084K

From gastables for Oblique shock at M = 3 and θ = 5 we get: M2 = 2.7497, p2 /p1 = 1.454, T2 /T1 = 1.1146
and Po2 /Po1 = 0.9947

Po2 = 73.139atm T2 = 278.65K p2 = 2.908atm

At the top the flow will again deflect by θ = 5 degrees to become parallel with the wall. Using gastables for
Oblique shocks at M2 = 2.7497 and θ = 5 we get: M3 = 2.5216, p3 /p2 = 1.416, T3 /T2 = 1.1058 and Po3 /Po2
= 0.9957

Po3 = 72.824atm T3 = 308.131K p3 = 4.117atm