5th Math Enrichment Week 4 - Cryptarithms
5th Math Enrichment Week 4 - Cryptarithms
A
Cryptarithm
is
a
mathematical
puzzle
where
the
digits
in
a
sum
have
been
replaced
by
letters.
• In
each
of
the
puzzles
below,
each
letter
stands
for
a
different
digit
• 0
is
never
the
first
digit
of
any
number.
Can
you
find
a
solution
to
all
of
these
cryptarithms?
Do
any
of
them
have
more
than
one
solution?
Do
any
of
them
have
more
than
one
solution?
How
can
you
be
sure
that
you
have
found
all
the
solutions
to
each
cryptarithm?
Source:
http://nrich.maths.org/11107
Week 4: Notes & Solutions
Notes
&
Hints
• Try
to
think
about
the
biggest
or
smallest
numbers
you
could
add
together
in
each
case.
• Does
that
tell
you
anything
about
the
digits
of
the
number
that
they
sum
to
?
• If
you
add
two
2
digit
numbers
together
to
make
a
3
digit
number,
what
could
the
first
digit
of
that
number
be?
Solution
Here
is
a
list
of
all
the
solutions
we
have
managed
to
find
for
each
puzzle.
Please
let
us
know
if
you
discover
any
more!
1)
A=5,B=1.
12)
A=1,B=2,C=4
2)
A=1,B=9,C=0.
or
A=2,B=4,C=8
3)
A=9,B=1,C=0.
or
A=2,B=5,C=0
4)
A=9,B=2,C=1,D=0.
or
A=3,B=7,C=4
5)
A=9,B=1,C=0.
or
A=4,13)B=9,C=8.
6)
A=2,B=6,C=3
13)
A=5,B=9,C=6.
or
A=4,B=7,C=2
14)
A=4,B=5,C=9.
or
A=6,B=8,C=1.
15)
A=7,B=2,C=1.
7)
A=2,B=1,C=9.
16)
A=9,B=2,C=1,D=0,E=4.
8)
A=2,B=3,C=9.
17)
A=1,B=8,C=5.
9)
A=9,B=2,C=1.
18)
A=1,B=4,C=8.
10)
A=5,B=0,C=1.
19)
A=1,B=9,C=8.
11)
A=2,B=1,C=4
20)
A=4,B=7,C=6.
or
A=2,B=6,C=5
21)
A=2,B=9,C=8.
or
A=4,B=2,C=8
22)
A=9,B=4,C=1,D=6.
or
A=4,B=7,C=9.
23)
A=5,B=7,2,D=8.
Explanation
of
#1
A+A+A=BA.
A+A+A
must
equal
a
number
above
10
because
it
equals
a
two
digit
number
(BA).
Then
you
must
work
out
which
three
numbers
under
10
are
added
together
to
equal
a
number
under
30
with
the
same
second
digit.
A
also
has
to
be
4
or
above
because
3×3=9
which
is
not
a
two
digit
number.
Then
try
trial
and
error
with
this
information
4+4+4=12
5+5+5=15
6+6+6=18
7+7+7=21
8+8+8=24
9+9+9=27
By
doing
this
you
will
be
able
to
find
out
your
answer.
A=5
B=1
Several
people
worked
out
that
for
the
next
few
problems,
the
first
digit
of
the
total
would
be
1.
MJ
from
the
Bourne
Academy
explained
it
like
this:
I
just
kept
thinking
about
how
many
digits
were
being
added
and
found
each
time
there
was
a
key
letter
I
could
work
out
each
time
-‐
e.g.
on
question
7,
B
had
to
be
1
as
you
cannot
add
two
2-‐digit
numbers
together
and
get
a
number
above
198.
Lots
of
people
used
trial
and
error
for
the
later
problems,
but
some
found
patterns
in
the
numbers.
Here
is
Monique's
(from
St.
Stephen's
School)
answer
to
question
12:
B
is
equal
to
half
of
C
and
A
is
equal
to
half
of
B.
A
has
to
be
smaller
than
5
otherwise
the
sum
would
be
a
3-‐digit
number.
B
can
only
be
equal
to
2
or
4
because
they
are
the
only
numbers
that
can
be
equally
divided
into
A
in
the
tens
column.
Zach
used
colours
to
help
visualise
how
the
problems
worked:
To
solve
the
puzzles,
I
looked
at
how
the
letters
were
arranged
and
just
thought
about
how
numbers
work.
I
found
that
if
I
used
colour
blocks
instead
of
letters,
I
could
more
easily
visualise
the
relationships
and
very
quickly
arrive
at
the
answer.
Sometimes
I
used
algebra,
but
generally
I
just
looked
for
patterns.
The
questions
also
built
understanding,
and
logic
established
in
earlier
questions
could
be
assumed
later
on.
Here
is
how
he
used
colours
to
help
him
with
question
20:
"There
is
a
number
bond
of
10
in
the
units
column,
so
A+C=10,
as
B+10
is
the
only
feasible
sum
in
the
units
column
that
will
gie
B
as
a
unit.
I
used
trial
and
error
to
investigate
number
bonds
of
10,
pairing
A=1
with
C=9
etc...
B
then
became
the
balancing
figure.
The
only
combination
that
worked
was
A=4,
B=7,
C=6.