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5th Math Enrichment Week 4 - Cryptarithms

The document discusses cryptarithms, a type of mathematical puzzle where digits in a sum are replaced with letters. It provides 23 cryptarithm puzzles and lists the solutions that were found. It also includes explanations of how some solvers approached the puzzles, such as looking for patterns in the numbers and using trial and error or colors to visualize relationships between letters/digits. The goal is to find the single digit value for each letter that makes the equation true.
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100% found this document useful (2 votes)
3K views

5th Math Enrichment Week 4 - Cryptarithms

The document discusses cryptarithms, a type of mathematical puzzle where digits in a sum are replaced with letters. It provides 23 cryptarithm puzzles and lists the solutions that were found. It also includes explanations of how some solvers approached the puzzles, such as looking for patterns in the numbers and using trial and error or colors to visualize relationships between letters/digits. The goal is to find the single digit value for each letter that makes the equation true.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5th Math Week 4: Cryptarithms

 
 
A  Cryptarithm  is  a  mathematical  puzzle  where  the  digits  in  a  sum  have  been  replaced  by  letters.  
• In  each  of  the  puzzles  below,  each  letter  stands  for  a  different  digit  
• 0  is  never  the  first  digit  of  any  number.  
Can  you  find  a  solution  to  all  of  these  cryptarithms?  
Do  any  of  them  have  more  than  one  solution?  
 

 
 
Do  any  of  them  have  more  than  one  solution?    
How  can  you  be  sure  that  you  have  found  all  the  solutions  to  each  cryptarithm?  
 
Source:    
http://nrich.maths.org/11107  
Week 4: Notes & Solutions
 
Notes  &  Hints  
• Try  to  think  about  the  biggest  or  smallest  numbers  you  could  add  together  in  each  case.  
• Does  that  tell  you  anything  about  the  digits  of  the  number  that  they  sum  to  ?  
• If  you  add  two  2  digit  numbers  together  to  make  a  3  digit  number,  what  could  the  first  digit  of  that  number  
be?  
 
Solution  
Here  is  a  list  of  all  the  solutions  we  have  managed  to  find  for  each  puzzle.  Please  let  us  know  if  you  
discover  any  more!  
 
1)  A=5,B=1.   12)  A=1,B=2,C=4  
2)  A=1,B=9,C=0.              or  A=2,B=4,C=8  
3)  A=9,B=1,C=0.              or  A=2,B=5,C=0  
4)  A=9,B=2,C=1,D=0.              or  A=3,B=7,C=4  
5)  A=9,B=1,C=0.              or  A=4,13)B=9,C=8.  
6)  A=2,B=6,C=3   13)  A=5,B=9,C=6.  
       or  A=4,B=7,C=2   14)  A=4,B=5,C=9.  
       or  A=6,B=8,C=1.   15)  A=7,B=2,C=1.  
7)  A=2,B=1,C=9.   16)  A=9,B=2,C=1,D=0,E=4.  
8)  A=2,B=3,C=9.   17)  A=1,B=8,C=5.  
9)  A=9,B=2,C=1.   18)  A=1,B=4,C=8.  
10)  A=5,B=0,C=1.   19)  A=1,B=9,C=8.  
11)  A=2,B=1,C=4   20)  A=4,B=7,C=6.  
           or  A=2,B=6,C=5   21)  A=2,B=9,C=8.  
           or  A=4,B=2,C=8   22)  A=9,B=4,C=1,D=6.  
           or  A=4,B=7,C=9.   23)  A=5,B=7,2,D=8.  
 
 
 
Explanation  of  #1    
A+A+A=BA.      A+A+A  must  equal  a  number  above  10  because  it  equals  a  two  digit  number  (BA).  
Then  you  must  work  out  which  three  numbers  under  10  are  added  together  to  equal  a  number  
under  30  with  the  same  second  digit.  A  also  has  to  be  4  or  above  because  3×3=9  which  is  not  a  
two  digit  number.  Then  try  trial  and  error  with  this  information  
4+4+4=12  
5+5+5=15  
6+6+6=18  
7+7+7=21  
8+8+8=24  
9+9+9=27  
By  doing  this  you  will  be  able  to  find  out  your  answer.  
A=5  
B=1  
 
Several  people  worked  out  that  for  the  next  few  problems,  the  first  digit  of  the  total  would  be  1.  
MJ  from  the  Bourne  Academy  explained  it  like  this:  
 
I  just  kept  thinking  about  how  many  digits  were  being  added  and  found  each  time  there  was  a  key  
letter  I  could  work  out  each  time  -­‐  e.g.  on  question  7,  B  had  to  be  1  as  you  cannot  add  two  2-­‐digit  
numbers  together  and  get  a  number  above  198.  
 
Lots  of  people  used  trial  and  error  for  the  later  problems,  but  some  found  patterns  in  the  
numbers.  Here  is  Monique's  (from  St.  Stephen's  School)  answer  to  question  12:  
 
B  is  equal  to  half  of  C  and  A  is  equal  to  half  of  B.  A  has  to  be  smaller  than  5  otherwise  the  sum  
would  be  a  3-­‐digit  number.  B  can  only  be  equal  to  2  or  4  because  they  are  the  only  numbers  that  
can  be  equally  divided  into  A  in  the  tens  column.  
 
Zach  used  colours  to  help  visualise  how  the  problems  worked:  
 
To  solve  the  puzzles,  I  looked  at  how  the  letters  were  arranged  and  just  thought  about  how  
numbers  work.  
 
I  found  that  if  I  used  colour  blocks  instead  of  letters,  I  could  more  easily  visualise  the  relationships  
and  very  quickly  arrive  at  the  answer.  Sometimes  I  used  algebra,  but  generally  I  just  looked  for  
patterns.  The  questions  also  built  understanding,  and  logic  established  in  earlier  questions  could  
be  assumed  later  on.  
 
Here  is  how  he  used  colours  to  help  him  with  question  20:  
 

   
"There  is  a  number  bond  of  10  in  the  units  column,  so  A+C=10,  as  B+10  is  the  only  feasible  sum  in  
the  units  column  that  will  gie  B  as  a  unit.  I  used  trial  and  error  to  investigate  number  bonds  of  10,  
pairing  A=1  with  C=9  etc...  B  then  became  the  balancing  figure.  The  only  combination  that  worked  
was  A=4,  B=7,  C=6.  
 
 

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