LAPTOP MOTHERBAORD CHIP LEVEL REPAIR TRAINING

Note: - Before joining this course the student must have knowledge of or complete below courses.
+ Basic electronics
+ Laptop basic service
+ Desktop motherboard repair concept
(It will be an advantage if student clears this concept).

Chp 1) Block diagrams of Laptop motherboards, understand the different chips on laptop
motherboard
 Block diagram of motherboard,
 Connection of different chip with the Address bus, data bus, control bus,
 Clock generator (ICS ,Cypress or ICW, Winbond ,IMI, plllabs, CMedia, Realtek, Pericom
 CPU Types (LGA775,DUALS730,QUODSLOT2, SLOT1, SLOT7, ETC)
 Amd board ram is connected with cpu , vrm give power to cpu
 North Bridge Chips (NFORCE, AMD, SIS, VT, I845, I875)
 CRT , LCD DDR , DVOC connection with north bridge
 South Bridge Chip (SIS, VT, INTEL, NVDIA, VIA, IBM, FBM, GBM, HBM, MGD )
 Usb 2, Webcam, Bluetooth , SATA, Hdd, LPC Bus , Mini PCI slot,
 Card bus connection, Card Reader ,Flash Rom, RTC Lan IEEE 1394,
 Audio Connection,
 Internal cmos battery RTC(real time clock)
 Audio chip ( alc, ac, cx, tpa, Rtl, sta, amc, hd audio codec,)
 Lan/etchernet chip (realtek, Broadcom, bcm, 3com, lf, atpl, )
 I/O CONTROLLER LPC/KBC (winbond, ene, kbc, ite, wpc, pc, fdc lpc, )
 Touch pad,
 Internal keyboard,
 Thermal & fan,
 Flash rom
 Different connectors and sockets internal & external
 modem acc, rtl, cd rom connection, hdd connection, moniter, usb, ps2, audio jack etc
 vga connection ,key board connection , touch pad connection, power board dvd panel top
 daughter board, vcc core power, battery charger, Charger pin connector socket.
 Primary DC/DC power chip 5valw, 3valw(max, adp, apw,tps)
 Secondary DC/DC power chip (max, tps)
 Charger power chip (max, adp, tps, tc)
 Cpu Vrm power chip (adp, isl, fds, max, fan, hip)
 Memory power supply chip ( tps, max, isl, ncp)

Chp 2) Basic working details of motherboards,

 Basic power requirement , signals, pci reset, clock , etc requirement to run motherboard ,
 primary power (always on , S5)
 secondary power, (standby & main, s3,s0 )
 cpu power,
 power good,
 pci reset clock
 (BIOS) software ,
 different chip required different power and power with different ampere,
  power good,
 clock, different clock signals,
 clock generate, reset signals,
 Understand hand shaking signals,
 language motherboard understanding

Chp 3) A list of tools required for repairing laptops

 Soldering iron,
 Screwdriver sets,
 Smd rework,
 Bga machine,
 Micro iron,
 Ram cpu wifi slot tester
 Bios programmer,
 Ram slot tester,
 Different Debug card,
 Multimeter, Cro, etc

*Basic difference between laptop motherboard and desktop motherboard

Chp 4) Basic differences between laptop and desktop motherboards, power, clock, components
difference, etc..
 Power supply section,
 12v 5v 3.3v
 pgood, pson, sus, PCU, Voltage detail
 2,5v 1,5 vcccore, clock, bios, cpu power supply,
 Clock difference,
 Connection Difference
 Size difference
 Working difference

Chp 5) Power, reset, clock, frame signal understand

 Understand how much power is required for each chip and how its generated,
 Why clock frequency is required for different chip
 Which chip is generate it
 What is pci reset signals
 How to check pci reset signals
 Clock testing

*Power stage of laptop motherboard

Chp 6) How a motherboard starts basic concepts / Different power stage (S0,S1,S2,S3,S4,S5 ), /
(mains, sus, pcu, aux) discharge section, on. Off section
 What is process after each chip get power?
 When reset signals start?
 When power good generate?
 When motherboard starts to search bios?
 How many types of power stage are there?
  What is s0 ,s1 ,s2 ,s3 ,s4 ,s5 or mains, sus, pcu, aux power status?
 What is difference between standby, hibernate mode, log off?
 Which chip gets what power in standby, hibernate, on, off stage?
 When discharge section works, what is the function work of discharging section?
 Sequence of motherboard on/off, how motherboard switches on procedure

Chp 7) MOSFETS & USED, SWITHCHING AND REGULATOR POWER SUPPLY
 Types of mosfet
 PNP, NPN, pin detail gate, source, drain
 How to check mosfet?
 How source and drain are managed by gate signals?
 What is dual channel and single chanel smd mosfet?
 What is the function of mosfet in power supply?
 How to find about mosfet whether it is dual or single?
 How to replace mosfet with other equivalent mosfet?
 Mosfet used in VRM, switching power supply, linear output etc example

Chp 8) Primary powers, secondary, RAM VRM, PCU MAIN SUS POWER
 Understanding the laptop power stages,
 primary voltage 5v pcu/s5 & 3.3v pcu/s5,
 When 5v main/s0 and 3.3v main/s0 start,
When secondary voltages generated 2.5v/s0 and 1.5v/s0
 When ram power supply 1.8/ 2.5/ 1.5 v start,
 When CPU gets vcccore supply with 25 ampere power supply from VRM section
 What is sus power

Chp 9) Understand Power on Stages signals of laptop motherboard

 (3VPCU, 5VPCU , +5V, +3V 5VSUS, 3V SUS, NBSWON#, DNBSWON# SUSC# SUSB#, SUSON,
MAINON, VRON S5_ON, HWPG, POWERGOOD, VCCP, VCORE SMDDR_VTERM, PWROK,
RSMRST, PCIRST,CPUINIT,CPUPG, CLK_EN# CPURST)

*Different section of laptop motherboard with different chips

Chp10) Understanding laptop schematic diagram tracing, with different chips and signals detail

Types of schematic diagram,

Different types of ODM original device manufacturer,
How to see schematic diagram of laptop motherboard

 Understanding whole block diagram through schematic diagram

 CPU section (INTEL, AMD,) what is the importance signal of cpu? Understand basic signals of cpu,
cpu different power vcccore, connection of cpu with other chips.
 NORTH BRIDGE, :- understand basic signals of north bridge, Northbridge different power supply,
connection with different chips
 GRAPHICS CHIP :- Why graphics chip used, what problem created by graphics chip, mainly types
of graphics chips, nvdia, ati,
  RAM MEMORY POWER SUPPLY :- Important signals of RAM, understand basic signals of
Ram, Ram different power supply, connection with north bridge
 SOUTH BRIDGE ;- What is the basic function of south bridge, southbridge different power supply,
connection with different chips,
 I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section) :- Main signals of i/o chip, i/o chip contain
power control chip in some models, connection and function of i/o chips
 LAN NETWORK CHIP :- Function of network chip, connections of network chip
 AUDIO SOUND CHIP :- Function of sound audio chip, connections of sound chips
 CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
 BIOS section :- Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm :- Type of bios chip , main signals of
bios chip, connection with i/o & southbridge signals, cmos battery power supply to bios chip ,
 CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP :- Clock generator chip oscilate frequency to different chip, main
signals of clock chips,
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL:-

Chp11) different power supply chips and signal details

 ALWAYS POWER ON :- pcu, main, S5 power , aux etc
 PRIMARY VOLTAGE :- 5V 3V sus , main, so,,s3, Power
 SECONDARY VOLTAGE :- 2.5, 1.8V sus main, so, s3, s4 power
 OTHERS POWER CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V , sus , main , so s3 s4 power
 Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module :- Main signals of vrm chip Function of vrm chip measure
vrm input and output signals, VRON, PGOOD ETC
 Battery charging :- Pinout of battery connection, battery chip, important signals of battery chip, tracing
signals of battery

Chp 12) LCD & inverter connection
 Main signals of lcd ,
 connection from north bridge,
 How inverter work,
 main signals of inverter,
 use of universal inverter,

*Different power supply section and working detail

Chp 13 ) Main PCU/ AUX / S5 voltage signals (always on voltage )

 Testing and working of main pcu aux voltage output,
 main signals of pcu voltage,
 supply of pcu voltage to other chips,
 different between MAIN & SUS voltage

Chp 14 ) Primary voltage output signals ( MAIN SUS (5v,3.3v) S0/ S3 )

 How primary voltage is generated?
 Main signals of primary voltage MAIN/SUS,
 supply of main voltage to different chip
Chp 15) Secondary voltage output signals (SUS, MAIN (2.5v,1.5v) S0/ S3 )
 How secondary voltage output is is generated?
 Main signals of secondary voltage chip

Chp 16) VRM section & pci Reset signals

 How vrm section start,
 how identify about cpu types,
 vid signals,
 when pci reset signals start ,
 power good signals, etc

*Motherboard main signals and power detail

Chp 17) Power stages of other laptop motherboards main signals

Understand power on different signals concept of HP LAPTOP matherboard
(Compaq AD-OFF DCBATOUT TO_SYS. ACAVIN PWR_S5_EN 5V-PWR 3DE-PWR PWR-S5-EN 5V-PWR
3D3-PWR +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW RSMRST-SB #BT-TH # PWR_BTN PWBTN-SB PM-
SLP-S3 # PM_SLP-S4 ALL-PWRGD VR ON PM-PWPOK CPU PG PLT-RST)

Understand power on different signals concept of Dell laptop motherboard

(+ RTC_PWR5V & + RTC_PWR3_3V, + RTCSRC, (PWR_SRC) DCIN +, + DC_IN, SDC_IN +, ACAV_IN (+5
VALW & +3 VALW) LIVE_ON_BATT . power good VCC1_PWROK +5 VSUS & +3 VSUS +2 _5VSUS & +1 _5VSUS
PWRSW_SIO # SUS_ON +3 VSRC SUSPWROK_5V RUN_ON +5 VRUN, +3 VRUN, +1 _8VRUN, +1 _5V RUN,
M7_MEM, M7_CORE, M7_1.8V SMDDR_VTERM 1.25V RUNPWROK CPU VTT VCC1_2_MCH RESET_OUT #
VCORE_PWRGOOD, 1715PWROK, IMVP_PWRGD CPUPWRGD SLP_S1 # IMVP_PWRGD VTT_PWRGD #
DELAY_IMVP_PWRGD )

Understand power on different signals concept of IBM laptop motherboard

(VREGIN16, VINT16 VCC3SW , VCC5M , VCC3M , VCC1R2M VCC1R8M, MPWRGD, VCC3B,
VCCCPUCORE for CPU, VBAT, DC –IN, VCC5B, VCC3A, VCC3B, VCC3P, VCC1R8A, VCC1R8B, VCC1R2A,
VCC1R2B, VCC2R5A, VCCVIDEOCORE, VCCCPUIO, VCCCPUCORE)

*Testing of motherboard signals cold and warm testing

Chp 18) Testing Power consumption thru Power supply unit

 Power consumption in off status without battery
 Power consumption in off status with battery charging
 Power consumption in on status without battery
 Power consumption in on status with battery charging
 Power consumption in standby mode
 Power consumptopn in hibernate mode
 Power consumption in brightness up down
 Dead board power consumption
 Sort board power consumption

Chp 19) How to use CRO basic concepts , Testing with CRO & multimeter(stepwise)
 Types of cro [analog digital],
 difference between cro,
 How to connect to cro,
 how to use probes of cro,
 setting of cro,
  checking dc volt thru cro,
 self test of cro,
 auto setup of cro,
 how to check frequency of clock in motherboard?
 How to check all voltage of motherboard?
 Primary, secondary, PCU, MAIN, SUS Volt,
 how to find shorting on motherboard,
 different test points to check voltages

Chp20) Testing outputs and inputs of Mosfets, testing clock, testing reset signals
 Mosfet output and input gate to check with multimeter and cro[the difference],
 Checking process of clock using cro and multimeter
 Power good, reset, clock, bios signals
 How to read different component datasheet

*Cleaning motherboard solution steps

Main problems created by dust articles accumulating on motherboard
Chp 21, Washing, Cleaning, drying , & Dry solder problem Solution of motherboard

 How to wash motherboard to clean, procedure after washing, how to Dry the motherboard.
 Other main problem occurs due to dry solder problems,
 some contact of chips or component may dry,
 what is process?
 How to solve dry solder problem,
 demo of baking oven to dry motherboard,
 heating using a hair drier,

Chp 22) Removing and inserting different chips practice (video & step)
 Replacing different ICs, using soldering irons and smd blower etc..

*BGA rework removing and reballing of BGA chip of motherboard

Chp 23 Introduction to BGA MACHINE, ICs rebelling, BGA ball arrangement, practice.,
 Infrared and normal blower BGA Machine , introduction to 3 different Machine we used low end to
high end, different method of reboll A chip, why is reballing required
 Training Using BGA Soldering Station,
 Temperature setting of Bga machine
 Using Method of Bga Machine
 Removing BGA Chips and Rebelling methods
 1st method ( inserting BGA balls using stencils)
 2nd method (using a direct paste thru stencil )
 Alighnment sitting arrangement of chip on board,
 Practice with BGA rebolling
 Removing and inserting BGA chip practice
 BGA reballing process ( videos and notes)
Chp 24, Different slot tester detail RAM, CPU, HDD etc
 Power supply unit
 RAM slot tester,
 CPU slot tester ,
 WIFI slot tester ,
 HDD slot tester ,
 Mini PCI debug card 3in1 5in1,
 debug with lcd display
 Lcd tester

Chp 25) Bios update concept,Removing bios password process
 Dell sorting process, IBM read chip process, Hash code, Different devices used to remove
passwords
 Other software for recovery process
 Post code error of different debug card and bios,
 programUpdate Bios Method USB – EXE
 convert bios exe to bin or fd files
 Bios working Detail

Chp 26) Testing and fault finding method

 debug card mini PCI 3in1, 5 in1, debug with lcd display, ,
 Different debug card used on different models
 What is process to find faults using debug card,
 Mini PCI debug card,
 Debug cards code error list of different bios award phonex amibios etc

Chp 27) REPAIRING TIPS AND VIDEO COLLECTION OF LAPTOP REPAIR

 Some basic videos collection with some common foult and solution collected from other sides for
reference

Chp 28 ) DEMO FOR OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR SALE

 Introduction to module 3 sylabus ,
 Technical support,
 Laptop schematic diagram collection,
 laptop repair advance tips collection,
 different models different problems collection,
 different board having different power chips with name ,
 lots of tips for service centre collection

Common fault and solution steps

Chart for finding fault
Different board tracing
1.VALW / Power Always or MAIN DC POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT LINE
Power used is DC ( Direct current ) DC voltage in use 19V 3.2A generally but there
is also 15V - 20V adapter RANGE voltage used depend on LAPTOP brands.
It better to use motherboard manufacture by using Motherboard code ,we would know
how much adapter voltage usage.Clavo motherboard manufacture usually use for
18.5V~3.2a Quanta 19V~3.4a Toshiba(15V-19V) , IBM(16V-19V) Compal-
Inventec-Winstron- etc. ) .

VALW also supplying adapter current sensor detector detected by charger IC (see
datasheet to know how system charging/discharging work) ,When the charger ic
sensor detects current adapter present ACIN~ACDET funcion pin on schema )and
confirmed to SIO to manage charging system .

Acin / ACEDET is important as the voltage sensor for ic voltage charger to pass (adp)
Adapter fets current, passed several resistor voltage 19V voltage scaled according to
demand charger ic (V.i.R)..
The are standard voltage for sensor each Charger ic .Open datasheet ic charger
concerned for more detail .
VALW /Always Voltage The main VALW supply comes from adaptor,Started from
DC jack flow to MAIN VALW Circuit.this is a MAIN POWER INSTALATION ON
CIRCUIT ,some of using FUSE (F) to safety reason some not.This main power supply
circuit using 1 or more P Channel mosfet transistor to maintain stabilized power and
distribute power for Charger IC and DC/DC main power supply IC as VCC Power
supply.This is important power need to activate that component.Main power also
contribute N channel source adapter voltage need processed by the DC / DC main
power supply IC (see the datasheet to know how this ic work) produced 3V and
5V_ALW and supply whole 5V and 3V device. if one of this Power missing
,motherboard will not be able to live or referred to the dead .

Before discussing the Power 5V and 3V_ALW should we understand the pathways
19V_ALW . Starting from Jack Power Adaptor sure incoming voltage by a voltage
adapter . example is work at 19V~3.2a

Make sure the voltage is present 19V_ALW or (according adapter voltage) for ic
charger / Battery ic VCC and for adapter current sensor detector (greater than 2.4V).
missing this supply 19V stop by CSIP than 19V blocked by Analog ground coming
from charging IC .some other board blocking 19V by closing/opening gate P channel
mosfet . Than 19V stop and won't supply to +BAT line and deactivated motherboard
3V and 5V system.

DC / DC main power supply ic and upper /hi N channel (Source )need 19V adapter
voltage as VCC power to activated component.

and how to work the upper and lower N channel 5V and 3V voltage distribution
2.VS the Power Switch

VS is voltage that appears after switch on than switch button send a signal through
EC_ON# (different board manufacture may have different pin name) to SIO or lately
know by EMBEDDED CONTROLLER(EC) .than EC started to regulated signal by
given signal gate to powered any device on VS state .
VALW main power suplay standby to get N channel Sources when the signal ( open
/ close Gate ) transistor to pass voltage through Mosfet ( Drain ) as much as gate
requirement than become Source for
VS voltage .
The first one that must be understood is how the system works to enable/disable
Power on VS

Laptop requirements in order to switch on first are the availability of 3V and 5VALW.
Careful when finding 5VALW missing , switched on first cause of several
motherboard, 5VALW appear after switch on .Than 3V_ALW or 3VPCU provide
power supply to the EC , BIOS IC , South Bridge ( SB ) , clock generator and
oscylator on ALW voltage .
VSB or swuitch voltage button (3.3V) will appear after Bios and EC powered. some
of laptop motherboard will found 17V switch voltage on one of pin switch button but
after switch -on voltage is changed to be 3.3 V.This is normal. Press power button (
short to ground ) then 3.3VSB will turn into 0V and back to 3.3V.and if standby VSB
17V press power button VSB become 0V and back to 3.3V. than power button is a
good sign . steps further is the signal being sent to the EC ( Embedded controller
NPCE 885LAODX ) signal names is NBSWON # most other brands of EC signal
name may SW_ON, EC_ON or whatever name of the signal as long as signal coming
from SW1 sent to EC , this voltage must respond in the same manner of testing power
button , BIOS IC and firmware connected to SPI interface to the EC .Signal
confirmation to ensure EC BIOS working properly is RSMRST # for3.3V.RSMRST#
signal sometimes appear after switch on and other motherboard without switch on 3.3
V already present .Modern Motherboard has 2 or 3 IC BIOS. Identified EC BIOS
which is usually one-page schema with EC names EC BIOS.

Other important signal from EC is DNBSWON # ,this is PWR_BTN signal to switch

on South bridge sent by the EC after receiving NBSWON # signal from power button
. DNBSWON # 3.3V must be present otherwise it would not switch on , after this
signal appears then the SB will sent SUSCLK # signal back to the EC and turn on VS
as trigger for all switching gate driver as VR_ON , Suson , MAINON , S5_ON or
SLP_S3 , SLP_S4 and SLP_S5 . and for all the Vs voltage to the Device .
VS POWER SUPPLY for BOOTSTRAP DEVICE :There are three
BOOTSTRAP device : Processor -Sodim -NB/SB/GPU chip ,each device has a
different names of power :
PROCESSOR power name by VCCORE-CPUCORE,SODIM power name by
VCCRAM,CHIP power name by VCCP .With out this power the device won't
display or not able to load boot up process .

VS for Strap Boot device :

1.Procesor ( VCCORE ) Standard voltage 0.9 VS - 1.5VS
see VCCORE ic power required and how it works
How to test the voltage spike VCCORE ( processor power surge )

2.SODIM/RAM ( VCCRAM )
Standar Voltage rail for DDRII is 1.8VS and 0.9VTT
and for DDRIII for 1.5VS and 0.75 VTT

3.CHIP POWER ( VCCP )

see each chip datasheet to get Voltage rail get know their power sources come from
including stepping signal enable through S5~S0 sleep state.

VS to Device
( Lcd / led , hdd , optical , usb , wifi , bloutooth , keyboard ,
sound , camera etc. ) For details on each Rail Voltage VS can be seen in the
schema INDEX FOR EACH DEVICE.

3.Signal
( the wave triger / sensor /2 way confirmation signal / data interface)

Signal function is open / close gate charge of organizing stages enable / disable each
component or PCI ( Peripheral commucation interface ) . system signal regulated by
Microcontroller where the manufacturer
has made the format settings the form of firmware that is planted into the bios IC to
managed embedded
controlling input output system for each ic interface. .
Differences circuit and component arrangement on the motherboard of course require
different settings Microcontroller , so each different motherboard brand and series
firmaware will necessarily require different settings .

Copyright_adiedkhaz