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Substitution Reaction, Reflux Potassium /sodium Hydroxide (Koh /naoh)

1) The document outlines various chemical reactions including oxidation, reduction, substitution, dehydration, halide addition, and free radical substitution. 2) Common reagents used in the reactions include potassium dichromate, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium aluminium hydride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, bromine, and nickel catalyst. 3) The reactions can be used to convert functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkenes, and alkynes into other functional groups.

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Abed Ayman
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103 views1 page

Substitution Reaction, Reflux Potassium /sodium Hydroxide (Koh /naoh)

1) The document outlines various chemical reactions including oxidation, reduction, substitution, dehydration, halide addition, and free radical substitution. 2) Common reagents used in the reactions include potassium dichromate, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium aluminium hydride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, bromine, and nickel catalyst. 3) The reactions can be used to convert functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkenes, and alkynes into other functional groups.

Uploaded by

Abed Ayman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reflux

1° Alcohol
Oxidation agent: Potassium
dichromate (vi) (K2Cr2O7)
2° Alcohol, Oxidation Mild acidified
Potassium dichromate (vi)(K2Cr2O7) Simple distillation
Orange to green
Reduction
Lithium/ Sodium aluminium hydride Carboxylic acid + Alcohol =
Reflux, Oxidising reagent, Acidic
(LiAlH4 / NaAlH4)
conditions Potassium dichromate Ester + Water
(vi) (K2Cr2O7) Acidic conditions
Substitution reaction, reflux Potassium
/Sodium hydroxide (KOH /NaOH)

Dehydration Alkene + water = Alcohol


-X Concentrated acid Phosphoric acid
Heat Pressure
Halide addition 300°c
Free Radical Substitution
UV light catalysed

Alkene + Hydrogen = Alkane Alkene + Halogen = Dihalogenoalkane


Electrophilic addition
Nickle catalyst
Bromine brown
to colourless

= Mechanism involved

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