Chapter 13: Logarithms

13 Logarithms

1. 2x.3x+4 = 7x 1
 log 2.5   2  3 ....   2
1 1 1 
Taking log on both the sides, we get 5. Let y =  (0.16)  3 3 3 
loge 2x + loge 3x+4 = loge 7x  
 x loge 2 + (x + 4) loge 3 = x loge 7 1/ 2 1/ 2
  1/3  
log 2.5    16 log 2.5 1/ 2  
 x loge 2 + x loge 3  x loge 7 = 4 loge 3 =  (0.16)  11/3  
   
 x loge 6  x loge 7 = 4 loge 3    100  
4log e 3 1 1  16 
x=  log y = log2.5   . log  
log e 7  log e 6 2 2  100 
1  4 
2. x = loga bc = log2.5 2.log  
2  25 
 1 + x = 1 + logabc
 log 2
 1 + x = loga a + loga bc = loga abc = .(log 4  log 25)
2log (2.5)
 (1 + x)1 = logabc a
Similarly, (1 + y)1 = logabc b and  
log 2 2log 5  2log 2 

(1 + z)1 = logabc c =  
2   25  
 (1 + x)1 + (1 + y)1 + (1 + z)1  log  10  
= logabc a + logabc b + logabc c
= logabc abc = 1 log 2  2log5  2log 2 
=  
2  log5  log 2 
3. log 7 log 5 ( x 2  5  x )  0  log y = log 2  y = 2
2 1/2 0
 log5(x + 5 + x) = 7 6. Since, c2 = a2 + b2  c2  b2 = a2 ….(i)
 (x2 + 5 + x)1/2 = 51 log a log a
 (x2 + x + 5) = 25 
log c  b a  log c  b a log(c  b) log(c  b)
 x2 + x  20 = 0  =
2log c  b a  log c  b a 2log a  log a
 (x  4)(x + 5) = 0  x = 4, 5 log(c  b)log(c  b)

98..
.21
=

log a log(c 2  b 2 ) 
99
4. log 2 .log 3 ....log100 100 2log a log a
1
98.
..2 log a.log a 2
= log 2 log 3 ....log 99 99 log100 100 =
2log a log a
1
..2
98. ….[From (i)]
= log 2 log 3 ....log 98 98 log 99 99
=1
….[ log100 100 = 1]
7. Let y = 340
  Taking log on both the sides, we get
1
= log2 log3 32 = log2 21 log3 3 log y = log 340
= log2 2 = 1  log y = 40 log 3  log y = 19.08
 Number of digits in y = 19 + 1 = 20

1
Std. XI : Triumph Maths
1 1 1 1
8.    ....... 
log 2 n log 3 n log 4 n log1983 n
= log n 2  log n 3  log n 4  ......  log n 1983
= log n (2.3.4....1983)  log n (1983!)  log n n  1

9. log0.3 (x  1) < log0.09 (x  1)

log ( x  1)
 log0.3 (x  1) <
log (0.3) 2
1
 log0.3 (x  1) < log0.3 (x  1)
2
1
 log0.3 (x  1)  log0.3 (x  1) < 0
2
 log0.3 (x  1) < 0
 (x  1) > (0.3)0
x>2
 x  (2, )

10. log 3 x  log 3 x  log 3 4 x  log 3 8 x  ...  4

1 1 1
 log 3 x  log 3 x  log 3 x  log 3 x  ...  4
2 4 8
 1 1 1 
 log 3 x  1     ....   4
 2 4 8 
 1 
 log 3 x  4
 11 / 2 
 log3 x = 2
 x = 32 = 9