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1.0 Background of Study

This document discusses using RFID technology for student attendance tracking. It begins with background information on RFID, how it works, and its advantages over barcodes. Currently, the school uses time-consuming manual attendance tracking. The objectives of this study are to create an RFID-based system to store student data, log attendance with timestamps, and retrieve/display information. The scope is limited to embedding a few student profiles on cards due to cost constraints. Related works discuss barcode and biometric attendance systems and compare their features to RFID. The methodology section outlines how the RFID-based system will be developed.

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Lawal Abimbola
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92 views7 pages

1.0 Background of Study

This document discusses using RFID technology for student attendance tracking. It begins with background information on RFID, how it works, and its advantages over barcodes. Currently, the school uses time-consuming manual attendance tracking. The objectives of this study are to create an RFID-based system to store student data, log attendance with timestamps, and retrieve/display information. The scope is limited to embedding a few student profiles on cards due to cost constraints. Related works discuss barcode and biometric attendance systems and compare their features to RFID. The methodology section outlines how the RFID-based system will be developed.

Uploaded by

Lawal Abimbola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that incorporates the use of


electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal, or person. An RFID
system consists of three components: an antenna and transceiver (often combined into one
reader) and a transponder (the tag). The antenna uses radio frequency waves to transmit a
signal that activates the transponder. When activated, the tag transmits data back to the
antenna. RFID technology differs from bar codes. RFID can read the tag using RF, meaning
that the RFID reader can be read from a distance, right through your clothes, wallet or
purse. Besides the RFID tag consist of unique ID for each tag. The technology used in
RFID has been around since the early 1920s. RFID is not actually a new technology; it only
quickly gained more attention recently because of its current low cost and advances in other
computing fields that open up more application areas. RFID combines radio frequency and
microchip technologies to create a smart system that can be used to identify, monitor,
secure and do object inventory. At their simplest, RFID systems use tiny chips called tags
that contain and transmit some piece of identifying information to an RFID reader, a device
that in turn can interface with computers Dawes A.T. (2004).

In our country, this technology is less frequent and the mostly use technology is the
biometric systems using finger print. Our government less applies this technology by using
RFID as I.C (identification card). In some places of our country, people prefer to use
Barcode which is cheaper than RFID. Technology spread very fast and in few years, the
possibility that RFID replaces the barcode system will just be a reality. Lecturers and
administrators in most developing countries have had to come up with ways to ensure a
healthy participation from students, and make sure that the student-lecturer interactive
relationship is kept intact. This in some cases have come in simple forms like roll calls,
while in more interesting cases, can be formats like surprise quizzes, extra credit in class,
etc. These strategies are however time consuming, stressful and laborious because the
valuable lecture time that could otherwise been used for lectures is dedicated to student
attendance taking and sometimes not accurate Longe O.O.(2009).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, attendance taking, student identity verification at school gate
and during examination actually takes a tedious process and it is usually time consuming
which has in certain cases caused student to appear in classes, examination hall later than
usual. In some cases, student have to file in queue to get accredited into an examination
hall which might cause stress build up and fear.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of this project is:

 To create a system that use RFID to store user

information in a card

Ÿ To collect student’s data and store them in a database

( Mysql server).

Ÿ To integrate a real-time clocking system that logs

user identity alongside current time (logging in and

out of classes)

Ÿ To retrieve information stored in the database and

Ÿ To display current card status on a LED1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

Due to the cost implication of producing several RFID enabled cards and high capacity
hardware programming micro-controller, this project will be focused on embedding few
student’s profile information in a RFID card and programming of the RFID scanners to
validate student’s information.
2.1 RELATED WORKS

2.1.1 BARCODE TECHNOLOGY

The barcode system is a common type of time and attendance system through which the
efficiency of measuring and tracking students’ time could be increased to a great degree.
With the automation through barcode technology, the errors previously made in the manual
payroll or attendances are eliminated. Thus, the system provides high levels of accuracy
and reliability in tracking of student’s attendance. In addition, the costs associated with the
installation of the system are not too much relative to the cost of payroll or attendance
errors.

The implementation of the barcode system is easy. Every student is issued a badge/card in
which there is a barcode. To check into or out of the campus, the badge/card is swapped
on the time clock, and the data is captured by the clock. This data from the clock can be
downloaded by the manager or the administrator and then used for updating and
maintaining time and attendance records.

The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a unique 12-digit number assigned to retail
merchandise that identifies a product and the vendor. The Universal Product Code (UPC)
on a product typically appears adjacent to its barcode, the machine-readable representation
of the Universal Product Code (UPC). The UPC for a product is always the same. The first
six digits is the vendor unique identification number. All the products that the vendor sells
will have the same first six digits in their UPCs. The next five digits identify the product.
The last digit is called the check digit. This is used to verify that the UPC for that specific
product is correct.

Each time that UPC is read, typically by a scanner reading the barcode, a calculation is
done. And, if the check digit is different compared from the one that is calculated, then the
computer knows that there is something wrong with the UPC.
2.1.2 BIOMETRIC ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

This is the study of measurable biological characteristics. In computer security, biometrics


refers to authentication techniques that rely on measurable physical characteristics that can
be automatically checked. There are several types of biometric identification schemes
which include: retina, hand geometry, vein, voice etc. The computer uses any of these
biometric identification schemes to determine who you are, and based your identity
authorized your different level of access. Under this system, there is time and attendance
software that is paired with a time clock for employees which uses biometric technology
for authentication purposes. When these systems are in use, the employees can use their
finger prints for clocking in and clocking out. This method has the great benefit that the
entire process is easy as well as quick. Other advantages include elimination of the cost
previously incurred in getting the students cards. In the other system that uses card
(magnetic stripe and barcode systems), there is an ongoing expense associated with the
damage, misplacement and stealing of cards and the continuous need for their restoration
and maintenance.

2.2 COMPARING BARCODE WITH RFID

S/N BARCODE RFID


1 Rely on the user to make contact to the Do not require contact with reader,
reader, hence cannot be read from a hence can be read from a distance.
distance
2 In Barcode, only one card read at a time Multiple read at a time is permitted
is allowed.
3 Embedded information cannot be Embedded information can be
updated, updated; this allows the repeated
Hence the restriction of the repeated over-writing if embedded electronic
overwriting if the embedded election information for each card
information for each card
4 It does not allow for the increase RFID has increased technologies like
technologies like surveillance cameras to surveillance cameras to be activated
be activated with an employee being in in conjunction with an employee
the vicinity. being in their vicinity.
5 It is slower and requires time of sight to It is slower and requires time of sight
function. to function.
6 It has lower data storage transponder. It has lower data storage transponder.
7 This transponder is bogus, and cannot be This transponder is bogus, and
incorporated in small items. cannot be incorporated in small
items.
3.0 METHODOLOGY

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